TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vollmer, Andreas
A1  - Vollmer, Michael
A1  - Lang, Gernot
A1  - Straub, Anton
A1  - Kübler, Alexander
A1  - Gubik, Sebastian
A1  - Brands, Roman C.
A1  - Hartmann, Stefan
A1  - Saravi, Babak
T1  - Automated assessment of radiographic bone loss in the posterior maxilla utilizing a multi-object detection artificial intelligence algorithm
JF  - Applied Sciences
N2  - Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. The degree of radiographic bone loss can be used to assess the course of therapy or the severity of the disease. Since automated bone loss detection has many benefits, our goal was to develop a multi-object detection algorithm based on artificial intelligence that would be able to detect and quantify radiographic bone loss using standard two-dimensional radiographic images in the maxillary posterior region. This study was conducted by combining three recent online databases and validating the results using an external validation dataset from our organization. There were 1414 images for training and testing and 341 for external validation in the final dataset. We applied a Keypoint RCNN with a ResNet-50-FPN backbone network for both boundary box and keypoint detection. The intersection over union (IoU) and the object keypoint similarity (OKS) were used for model evaluation. The evaluation of the boundary box metrics showed a moderate overlapping with the ground truth, revealing an average precision of up to 0.758. The average precision and recall over all five folds were 0.694 and 0.611, respectively. Mean average precision and recall for the keypoint detection were 0.632 and 0.579, respectively. Despite only using a small and heterogeneous set of images for training, our results indicate that the algorithm is able to learn the objects of interest, although without sufficient accuracy due to the limited number of images and a large amount of information available in panoramic radiographs. Considering the widespread availability of panoramic radiographs as well as the increasing use of online databases, the presented model can be further improved in the future to facilitate its implementation in clinics.
KW  - radiographic bone loss
KW  - alveolar bone loss
KW  - maxillofacial surgery
KW  - deep learning
KW  - classification
KW  - artificial intelligence
KW  - object detection
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305050
SN  - 2076-3417
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Freitag‐Wolf, Sandra
A1  - Munz, Matthias
A1  - Junge, Olaf
A1  - Graetz, Christian
A1  - Jockel‐Schneider, Yvonne
A1  - Staufenbiel, Ingmar
A1  - Bruckmann, Corinna
A1  - Lieb, Wolfgang
A1  - Franke, Andre
A1  - Loos, Bruno G.
A1  - Jepsen, Søren
A1  - Dommisch, Henrik
A1  - Schaefer, Arne S.
T1  - Sex‐specific genetic factors affect the risk of early‐onset periodontitis in Europeans
JF  - Journal of Clinical Periodontology
N2  - Aims
Various studies have reported that young European women are more likely to develop early‐onset periodontitis compared to men. A potential explanation for the observed variations in sex and age of disease onset is the natural genetic variation within the autosomal genomes. We hypothesized that genotype‐by‐sex (G × S) interactions contribute to the increased prevalence and severity.
Materials and methods
Using the case‐only design, we tested for differences in genetic effects between men and women in 896 North‐West European early‐onset cases, using imputed genotypes from the OmniExpress genotyping array. Population‐representative 6823 controls were used to verify that the interacting variables G and S were uncorrelated in the general population.
Results
In total, 20 loci indicated G × S associations (P < 0.0005), 3 of which were previously suggested as risk genes for periodontitis (ABLIM2, CDH13, and NELL1). We also found independent G × S interactions of the related gene paralogs MACROD1/FLRT1 (chr11) and MACROD2/FLRT3 (chr20). G × S‐associated SNPs at CPEB4, CDH13, MACROD1, and MECOM were genome‐wide‐associated with heel bone mineral density (CPEB4, MECOM), waist‐to‐hip ratio (CPEB4, MACROD1), and blood pressure (CPEB4, CDH13).
Conclusions
Our results indicate that natural genetic variation affects the different heritability of periodontitis among sexes and suggest genes that contribute to inter‐sex phenotypic variation in early‐onset periodontitis.
KW  - alveolar bone loss
KW  - gene × sex interaction
KW  - genetic risk
KW  - heritability
KW  - inflammation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262445
VL  - 48
IS  - 11
SP  - 1404
EP  - 1413
ER  -