TY  - CHAP
A1  - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich
A1  - Wagner, H.
A1  - Clarke, AH
T1  - Psychopathological states and their effects on speech and gaze behaviour
N2  - Internal characteristics such as depressed mood, anxiety and general negative emotions are accompanied, particularly during depressive illness, by changes in observable behaviour. Accordingly, the following questions may be examined: are intra-individual changes in speech and gaze behaviour related to changes in the internal psychopathological state? Further, do these changes occur synchronously to changes in the state of subjective well-being? A longitudinal study was made on depressed patients. Their behaviour was observed during standardised interviews and diagnostic-therapeutic discussions held at regu~ lar intervals. Various speech and gaze parameters were examined with respect to their coordination and their relationship to the subjective state of well-being. Considerable variation was found in the temporal relationship amongst these variables. The results are discussed with respect to the relevance of speech parameters and the coordination of verbal and nonverbal behaviour as indicators of the psychopathological condition.
KW  - Psychologie
KW  - Social interaction
KW  - depression
KW  - verbal and nonverbal behaviour
KW  - speech
KW  - looking behaviour
KW  - dyadic interaction
KW  - single case study
Y1  - 1980
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50323
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kübler, Andrea
A1  - Holz, Elisa M.
A1  - Riccio, Angela
A1  - Zickler, Claudia
A1  - Kaufmann, Tobias
A1  - Kleih, Sonja C.
A1  - Staiger-Sälzer, Pit
A1  - Desideri, Lorenzo
A1  - Hoogerwerf, Evert-Jan
A1  - Mattia, Donatella
T1  - The User-Centered Design as Novel Perspective for Evaluating the Usability of BCI-Controlled Applications
N2  - Albeit research on brain-computer interfaces (BCI) for controlling applications has expanded tremendously, we still face a translational gap when bringing BCI to end-users. To bridge this gap, we adapted the user-centered design (UCD) to BCI research and development which implies a shift from focusing on single aspects, such as accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR), to a more holistic user experience. The UCD implements an iterative process between end-users and developers based on a valid evaluation procedure. Within the UCD framework usability of a device can be defined with regard to its effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. We operationalized these aspects to evaluate BCI-controlled applications. Effectiveness was regarded equivalent to accuracy of selections and efficiency to the amount of information transferred per time unit and the effort invested (workload). Satisfaction was assessed with questionnaires and visual-analogue scales. These metrics have been successfully applied to several BCI-controlled applications for communication and entertainment, which were evaluated by end-users with severe motor impairment. Results of four studies, involving a total of N = 19 end-users revealed: effectiveness was moderate to high; efficiency in terms of ITR was low to high and workload low to medium; depending on the match between user and technology, and type of application satisfaction was moderate to high. The here suggested evaluation metrics within the framework of the UCD proved to be an applicable and informative approach to evaluate BCI controlled applications, and end-users with severe impairment and in the locked-in state were able to participate in this process.
KW  - computer software
KW  - event related potentials
KW  - games
KW  - head
KW  - head injury
KW  - man-computer interface
KW  - prototypes
KW  - speech
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111051
ER  -