TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weise, Gesa
A1  - Stoll, Guido
T1  - Magnetic resonance imaging of blood brain/nerve barrier dysfunction and leukocyte infiltration: closely related or discordant?
JF  - Frontiers in Neurology
N2  - Unlike other organs the nervous system is secluded from the rest of the organism by the blood brain barrier (BBB) or blood nerve barrier (BNB) preventing passive influx of fluids from the circulation. Similarly, leukocyte entry to the nervous system is tightly controlled. Breakdown of these barriers and cellular inflammation are hallmarks of inflammatory as well as ischemic neurological diseases and thus represent potential therapeutic targets. The spatiotemporal relationship between BBB/BNB disruption and leukocyte infiltration has been a matter of debate. We here review contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive tool to depict barrier dysfunction and its relation to macrophage infiltration in the central and peripheral nervous system under pathological conditions. Novel experimental contrast agents like Gadofluorine M (Gf) allow more sensitive assessment of BBB dysfunction than conventional Gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA enhanced MRI. In addition, Gf facilitates visualization of functional and transient alterations of the BBB remote from lesions. Cellular contrast agents such as superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) and perfluorocarbons enable assessment of leukocyte (mainly macrophage) infiltration by MR technology. Combined use of these MR contrast agents disclosed that leukocytes can enter the nervous system independent from a disturbance of the BBB, and vice versa, a dysfunctional BBB/BNB by itself is not sufficient to attract inflammatory cells from the circulation. We will illustrate these basic imaging findings in animal models of multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, and traumatic nerve injury and review corresponding findings in patients.
KW  - contrast-enhanced MRI
KW  - neuroinflammation
KW  - gadolinium-DTPA
KW  - gadofluorine
KW  - iron oxide nanoparticles
KW  - blood brain barrier
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-123359
VL  - 3
IS  - 178
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Beringer, Reiner Ernst
T1  - Synthese von Dextran-umhüllten Eisenoxid-Nanopartikeln als Kontrastmittel für die MR-Tomographie
T1  - Synthesis of dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agent for MRI
N2  - Durch Fällung von Eisen(II)- und Eisen(III)-salzen wurden Dextran-umhüllte Eisenoxid-Nanopartikel (SPIOs) und durch anschließende Umsetzung mit Epichlorhydrin und Ammoniak CLIOs gewonnen. An diesen Kolloiden wurden niedermolekulare Moleküle wie Diamine oder Bernsteinsäureanhydrid als Linker angebracht. Ein weiterer Aspekt dieser Arbeit stellt die Anbindung von Fluoreszenzmarkern und Antikörpern an der Partikeloberfläche sowie deren spektroskopische Untersuchung dar.
N2  - By precipitation of iron (II) - and iron (III) salts dextran-coated iron oxide were nanoparticles (SPIOs) synthesized and CLIOs were generated by reaction with epichlorohydrin and ammonia. At these colloids low molecular weight molecules such as diamines or succinic anhydride were placed as a linker. Another aspect of this work is the integration of fluorescent markers and antibodies on the particle surface and spectroscopic investigation of these colloids.
KW  - Eisenoxide
KW  - Magnetische Resonanz
KW  - NMR-Tomographie
KW  - Nanopartikel
KW  - Dextrane
KW  - Kontrastmittel
KW  - Eisenoxid-Nanopartikel
KW  - SPIO
KW  - CLIO
KW  - Kontrastmittel
KW  - iron oxide nanoparticles
KW  - MR contrast agent
KW  - SPIO
KW  - CLIO
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-77218
ER  -