TY - THES A1 - Isasa, Emilie T1 - Relationship between wood properties, drought-induced embolism and environmental preferences across temperate diffuse-porous broadleaved trees T1 - Beziehung zwischen Holzeigenschaften, trockenheitsbedingter Embolie und Umweltpräferenzen bei zerstreutporigen Laubbäumen der gemäßigten Breiten N2 - In the scope of climate warming and the increase in frequency and intensity of severe heat waves in Central Europe, identification of temperate tree species that are suited to cope with these environmental changes is gaining increasing importance. A number of tree physiological characteristics are associated with drought-stress resistance and survival following severe heat, but recent studies have shown the importance of plant hydraulic and anatomical traits for predicting drought-induced tree mortality, such as vessel diameter, and their potential to predict species distribution in a changing climate. A compilation of large global datasets is required to determine traits related to drought-induced embolism and test whether embolism resistance can be determined solely by anatomical traits. However, most measurements of plant hydraulic traits are labour-intense and prone to measurement artefacts. A fast, accurate and widely applicable technique is necessary for estimating xylem embolism resistance (e.g., water potential at 50% loss of conductivity, P50), in order to improve forecasts of future forest changes. These traits and their combination must have evolved following the selective pressure of the environmental conditions in which each species occurs. Describing these environmental-trait relationships can be useful to assess potential responses to environmental change and mitigation strategies for tree species, as future warmer temperatures may be compounded by drier conditions. N2 - Im Rahmen der Klimaerwärmung und der Zunahme der Häufigkeit und Intensität schwerer Hitzewellen in Mitteleuropa gewinnt die Identifizierung von Baumarten der gemäßigten Zonen, die mit diesen Umweltveränderungen zurechtkommen, zunehmend an Bedeutung. Eine Reihe von physiologischen Merkmalen von Bäumen wird mit der Trockenstressresistenz und dem Überleben nach schweren Hitzewellen in Verbindung gebracht. Jüngste Studien haben jedoch gezeigt, wie wichtig pflanzenhydraulische und anatomische Merkmale für die Vorhersage der trockenheitsbedingten Baumsterblichkeit sind, z. B. der Gefäßdurchmesser, und wie wichtig diese wiederum für die Vorhersage der Artenverteilung in einem sich verändernden Klima sind. Eine Zusammenstellung großer globaler Datensätze ist erforderlich, um die Merkmale zu bestimmen, die mit trockenheitsbedingter Embolie zusammenhängen, und um zu prüfen, ob die Embolieresistenz allein durch anatomische Merkmale bestimmt werden kann. Die meisten Messungen der hydraulischen Eigenschaften von Pflanzen sind jedoch sehr arbeitsintensiv und anfällig für Messartefakte. Es wird ein schnelles, genaues und breit anwendbares Verfahren zur Schätzung der Xylem-Embolie-Resistenz (z. B. Wasserpotenzial bei 50 % Leitfähigkeitsverlust, P50) benötigt, um die Vorhersage künftiger Waldveränderungen zu verbessern. Diese Merkmale und ihre Kombination müssen sich unter dem Selektionsdruck der Umweltbedingungen, in denen die einzelnen Arten vorkommen, entwickelt haben. Die Beschreibung dieser Beziehungen zwischen Umwelt und Merkmalen kann nützlich sein, um potenzielle Reaktionen auf Umweltveränderungen und Schutzstrategien für Baumarten zu bewerten, da künftige wärmere Temperaturen mit trockeneren Bedingungen einhergehen könnten. KW - Pflanzenökologie KW - Klimaänderung KW - Dürrestress KW - Plant Ecology KW - Plant Biology KW - Climate change KW - Tree physiology KW - Plant hydraulic KW - Baumphysiologie KW - Klimawandel KW - Trockenstress KW - Pflanzenhydraulik Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-303562 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dorji, Yonten A1 - Schuldt, Bernhard A1 - Neudam, Liane A1 - Dorji, Rinzin A1 - Middleby, Kali A1 - Isasa, Emilie A1 - Körber, Klaus A1 - Ammer, Christian A1 - Annighöfer, Peter A1 - Seidel, Dominik T1 - Three-dimensional quantification of tree architecture from mobile laser scanning and geometry analysis JF - Trees N2 - Key message Mobile laser scanning and geometrical analysis revealed relationships between tree geometry and seed dispersal mechanism, latitude of origin, as well as growth. Abstract The structure and dynamics of a forest are defined by the architecture and growth patterns of its individual trees. In turn, tree architecture and growth result from the interplay between the genetic building plans and environmental factors. We set out to investigate whether (1) latitudinal adaptations of the crown shape occur due to characteristic solar elevation angles at a species’ origin, (2) architectural differences in trees are related to seed dispersal strategies, and (3) tree architecture relates to tree growth performance. We used mobile laser scanning (MLS) to scan 473 trees and generated three-dimensional data of each tree. Tree architectural complexity was then characterized by fractal analysis using the box-dimension approach along with a topological measure of the top heaviness of a tree. The tree species studied originated from various latitudinal ranges, but were grown in the same environmental settings in the arboretum. We found that trees originating from higher latitudes had significantly less top-heavy geometries than those from lower latitudes. Therefore, to a certain degree, the crown shape of tree species seems to be determined by their original habitat. We also found that tree species with wind-dispersed seeds had a higher structural complexity than those with animal-dispersed seeds (p < 0.001). Furthermore, tree architectural complexity was positively related to the growth performance of the trees (p < 0.001). We conclude that the use of 3D data from MLS in combination with geometrical analysis, including fractal analysis, is a promising tool to investigate tree architecture. KW - tree architecture KW - LiDAR KW - fractal analysis KW - seed dispersal strategy KW - latitude KW - tree growth Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-307501 SN - 0931-1890 SN - 1432-2285 VL - 35 IS - 4 ER -