TY - JOUR A1 - Walitza, Susanne A1 - Melfsen, Siebke A1 - Jans, Thomas A1 - Zellmann, Henrike A1 - Wewetzer, Christoph A1 - Warnke, Andreas T1 - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents JF - Deutsches Ärzteblatt International N2 - Background: Early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the more common mental illnesses of children and adolescents, with prevalence of 1% to 3%. Its manifestations often lead to severe impairment and to conflict in the family. In this review, we summarize the manifestations, comorbidity, pathophysiology, and course of this disease as well as current modes of diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We selectively review the relevant literature and the German-language guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses in children and adolescents. Results: Obsessive-compulsive manifestations are of many types and cause severe impairment. Comorbid mental disturbances are present in as many as 70% of patients. The disease takes a chronic course in more than 40% of patients. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the treatment of first choice, followed by combination pharmacotherapy including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and then by SSRI alone. Conclusion: OCD often begins in childhood or adolescence. There are empirically based neurobiological and cognitive-behavioral models of its pathophysiology. Multiaxial diagnostic evaluation permits early diagnosis. Behavioral therapy and medications are highly effective treatments, but the disorder nonetheless takes a chronic course in a large percentage of patients. KW - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder KW - Comorbidity survey replication KW - DSM-IV disorders KW - Early-onset KW - Follow-up KW - Childhood KW - Metaanalysis KW - Prevalence KW - Therapy KW - Scale Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141214 VL - 108 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melfsen, Siebke A1 - Jans, Thomas A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Walitza, Susanne T1 - Family relationships in selective mutism — a comparison group study of children and adolescents JF - Children N2 - Selective mutism (SM) mostly develops early in childhood and this has led to interest into whether there could be differences in relationships in families with SM compared to a control group without SM. Currently, there are merely few empirical studies examining family relationships in SM. A sample of 28 children and adolescents with SM was compared to 33 controls without SM. The groups were investigated using self-report questionnaires (Selective Mutism Questionnaire, Child-Parent Relationship Test—Child Version) for the assessment of SM and family relationships. Children with SM did not report a significantly different relationship to their mothers compared with the control group without SM. However, the scores in respect to the relationship to their fathers were significantly lower in cohesion, identification and autonomy compared with children without SM. Relationships in families with SM should be considered more in therapy. KW - selective mutism KW - family relations KW - parents KW - schoolchildren Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290386 SN - 2227-9067 VL - 9 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, Anna A1 - Aggensteiner, Pascal-M. A1 - Holtmann, Martin A1 - Fallgatter, Andreas A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Abenova, Karina A1 - Alm, Barbara A1 - Becker, Katja A1 - Döpfner, Manfred A1 - Ethofer, Thomas A1 - Freitag, Christine M. A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Hebebrand, Johannes A1 - Huss, Michael A1 - Jans, Thomas A1 - Jendreizik, Lea Teresa A1 - Ketter, Johanna A1 - Legenbauer, Tanja A1 - Philipsen, Alexandra A1 - Poustka, Luise A1 - Renner, Tobias A1 - Retz, Wolfgang A1 - Rösler, Michael A1 - Thome, Johannes A1 - Uebel-von Sandersleben, Henrik A1 - von Wirth, Elena A1 - Zinnow, Toivo A1 - Hohmann, Sarah A1 - Millenet, Sabina A1 - Holz, Nathalie E. A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel T1 - EEG data quality: determinants and impact in a multicenter study of children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) JF - Brain Sciences N2 - Electroencephalography (EEG) represents a widely established method for assessing altered and typically developing brain function. However, systematic studies on EEG data quality, its correlates, and consequences are scarce. To address this research gap, the current study focused on the percentage of artifact-free segments after standard EEG pre-processing as a data quality index. We analyzed participant-related and methodological influences, and validity by replicating landmark EEG effects. Further, effects of data quality on spectral power analyses beyond participant-related characteristics were explored. EEG data from a multicenter ADHD-cohort (age range 6 to 45 years), and a non-ADHD school-age control group were analyzed (n\(_{total}\) = 305). Resting-state data during eyes open, and eyes closed conditions, and task-related data during a cued Continuous Performance Task (CPT) were collected. After pre-processing, general linear models, and stepwise regression models were fitted to the data. We found that EEG data quality was strongly related to demographic characteristics, but not to methodological factors. We were able to replicate maturational, task, and ADHD effects reported in the EEG literature, establishing a link with EEG-landmark effects. Furthermore, we showed that poor data quality significantly increases spectral power beyond effects of maturation and symptom severity. Taken together, the current results indicate that with a careful design and systematic quality control, informative large-scale multicenter trials characterizing neurophysiological mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disorders across the lifespan are feasible. Nevertheless, results are restricted to the limitations reported. Future work will clarify predictive value. KW - electroencephalography (EEG) KW - data quality KW - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) KW - artifacts KW - multicenter study Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228788 SN - 2076-3425 VL - 11 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hautmann, Christopher A1 - Döpfner, Manfred A1 - Katzmann, Josepha A1 - Schürmann, Stephanie A1 - Wolff Metternich-Kaizman, Tanja A1 - Jaite, Charlotte A1 - Kappel, Viola A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Warnke, Andreas A1 - Jacob, Christian A1 - Hennighausen, Klaus A1 - Haack-Dees, Barbara A1 - Schneider-Momm, Katja A1 - Philipsen, Alexandra A1 - Matthies, Swantje A1 - Rösler, Michael A1 - Retz, Wolfgang A1 - Gontard, Alexander von A1 - Sobanski, Esther A1 - Alm, Barbara A1 - Hohmann, Sarah A1 - Häge, Alexander A1 - Poustka, Luise A1 - Colla, Michael A1 - Gentschow, Laura A1 - Freitag, Christine M. A1 - Becker, Katja A1 - Jans, Thomas T1 - Sequential treatment of ADHD in mother and child (AIMAC study): importance of the treatment phases for intervention success in a randomized trial JF - BMC Psychiatry N2 - Background The efficacy of parent-child training (PCT) regarding child symptoms may be reduced if the mother has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The AIMAC study (ADHD in Mothers and Children) aimed to compensate for the deteriorating effect of parental psychopathology by treating the mother (Step 1) before the beginning of PCT (Step 2). This secondary analysis was particularly concerned with the additional effect of the Step 2 PCT on child symptoms after the Step 1 treatment. Methods The analysis included 143 mothers and children (aged 6–12 years) both diagnosed with ADHD. The study design was a two-stage, two-arm parallel group trial (Step 1 treatment group [TG]: intensive treatment of the mother including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy; Step 1 control group [CG]: supportive counseling only for mother; Step 2 TG and CG: PCT). Single- and multi-group analyses with piecewise linear latent growth curve models were applied to test for the effects of group and phase. Child symptoms (e.g., ADHD symptoms, disruptive behavior) were rated by three informants (blinded clinician, mother, teacher). Results Children in the TG showed a stronger improvement of their disruptive behavior as rated by mothers than those in the CG during Step 1 (Step 1: TG vs. CG). In the CG, according to reports of the blinded clinician and the mother, the reduction of children’s disruptive behavior was stronger during Step 2 than during Step 1 (CG: Step 1 vs. Step 2). In the TG, improvement of child outcome did not differ across treatment steps (TG: Step 1 vs. Step 2). Conclusions Intensive treatment of the mother including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy may have small positive effects on the child’s disruptive behavior. PCT may be a valid treatment option for children with ADHD regarding disruptive behavior, even if mothers are not intensively treated beforehand. Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN73911400. Registered 29 March 2007. KW - mothers KW - children KW - adult treatment KW - parent training KW - efficacy Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227930 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Jans, Thomas A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Becker, Katja A1 - Renner, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Döpfner, Manfred A1 - Dose, Christina A1 - Hautmann, Christopher A1 - Holtmann, Martin A1 - Jenkner, Carolin A1 - Millenet, Sabina A1 - Romanos, Marcel T1 - Individualised short-term therapy for adolescents impaired by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder despite previous routine care treatment (ESCAadol)-Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial within the consortium ESCAlife JF - Trials N2 - Background: Despite the high persistence rate of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) throughout the lifespan, there is a considerable gap in knowledge regarding effective treatment strategies for adolescents with ADHD. This group in particular often shows substantial psychosocial impairment, low compliance and insufficient response to psychopharmacological interventions. Effective and feasible treatments should further consider the developmental shift in ADHD symptoms, comorbidity and psychosocial adversity as well as family dysfunction. Thus, individualised interventions for adolescent ADHD should comprise a multimodal treatment strategy. The randomised controlled ESCAadol study addresses the needs of this patient group and compares the outcome of short-term cognitive behavioural therapy with parent-based telephone-assisted self-help. Methods/design: In step 1, 160 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with a diagnosis of ADHD will undergo a treatment as usual (TAU) observation phase of 1 month. In step 2, those still severely affected are randomised to the intervention group with an Individualised Modular Treatment Programme (IMTP) or a telephone-assisted self-help programme for parents (TASH) as an active control condition. The IMTP was specifically designed for the needs of adolescent ADHD. It comprises 10 sessions of individual cognitive behavioural therapy with the adolescents and/or the parents, for which participants choose three out of 10 available focus modules (e.g. organisational skills and planning, emotion regulation, problem solving and stress management, dysfunctional family communication). TASH combines a bibliotherapeutic component with 10 counselling sessions for the parents via telephone. Primary outcome is the change in ADHD symptoms in a clinician-rated diagnostic interview. Outcomes are assessed at inclusion into the study, after the TAU phase, after the intervention phase and after a further 12-week follow-up period. The primary statistical analysis will be by intention-to-treat, using linear regression models. Additionally, we will analyse psychometric and biological predictors and moderators of treatment response. Discussion: ESCAadol compares two short-term non-pharmacological interventions as cost-efficient and feasible treatment options for adolescent ADHD, addressing the specific needs and obstacles to treatment success in this group. We aim to contribute to personalised medicine for adolescent ADHD intended to be implemented in routine clinical care. KW - ADHD KW - adolescents KW - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder KW - behaviour therapy KW - RCT KW - individualised modular treatment programme KW - telephone-assisted self-help Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176061 VL - 19 IS - 254 ER -