TY - JOUR A1 - Vitale, Maria Rosaria A1 - Zöller, Johanna Eva Maria A1 - Jansch, Charline A1 - Janz, Anna A1 - Edenhofer, Frank A1 - Klopocki, Eva A1 - van den Hove, Daniel A1 - Vanmierlo, Tim A1 - Rivero, Olga A1 - Kasri, Nael Nadif A1 - Ziegler, Georg Christoph A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter T1 - Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines carrying a heterozygous (UKWMPi002-A-1) and null mutant knockout (UKWMPi002-A-2) of Cadherin 13 associated with neurodevelopmental disorders using CRISPR/Cas9 JF - Stem Cell Research N2 - Fibroblasts isolated from a skin biopsy of a healthy 46-year-old female were infected with Sendai virus containing the Yamanaka factors to produce transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate isogenic cell lines with a gene dose-dependent deficiency of CDH13, a risk gene associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Thereby, a heterozygous CDH13 knockout (CDH13\(^{+/-}\)) and a CDH13 null mutant (CDH13\(^{-/-}\)) iPSC line was obtained. All three lines showed expression of pluripotency-associated markers, the ability to differentiate into cells of the three germ layers in vitro, and a normal female karyotype. KW - CRISPR-Cas Systems KW - cadherins KW - female KW - heterozygote KW - humans KW - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells KW - middle aged KW - neurodevelopmental disorders / genetics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260331 VL - 51 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jansch, Charline A1 - Ziegler, Georg C. A1 - Forero, Andrea A1 - Gredy, Sina A1 - Wäldchen, Sina A1 - Vitale, Maria Rosaria A1 - Svirin, Evgeniy A1 - Zöller, Johanna E. M. A1 - Waider, Jonas A1 - Günther, Katharina A1 - Edenhofer, Frank A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Wischmeyer, Erhard A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter T1 - Serotonin-specific neurons differentiated from human iPSCs form distinct subtypes with synaptic protein assembly JF - Journal of Neural Transmission N2 - Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have revolutionized the generation of experimental disease models, but the development of protocols for the differentiation of functionally active neuronal subtypes with defined specification is still in its infancy. While dysfunction of the brain serotonin (5-HT) system has been implicated in the etiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders, investigation of functional human 5-HT specific neurons in vitro has been restricted by technical limitations. We describe an efficient generation of functionally active neurons from hiPSCs displaying 5-HT specification by modification of a previously reported protocol. Furthermore, 5-HT specific neurons were characterized using high-end fluorescence imaging including super-resolution microscopy in combination with electrophysiological techniques. Differentiated hiPSCs synthesize 5-HT, express specific markers, such as tryptophan hydroxylase 2 and 5-HT transporter, and exhibit an electrophysiological signature characteristic of serotonergic neurons, with spontaneous rhythmic activities, broad action potentials and large afterhyperpolarization potentials. 5-HT specific neurons form synapses reflected by the expression of pre- and postsynaptic proteins, such as Bassoon and Homer. The distribution pattern of Bassoon, a marker of the active zone along the soma and extensions of neurons, indicates functionality via volume transmission. Among the high percentage of 5-HT specific neurons (~ 42%), a subpopulation of CDH13 + cells presumably designates dorsal raphe neurons. hiPSC-derived 5-HT specific neuronal cell cultures reflect the heterogeneous nature of dorsal and median raphe nuclei and may facilitate examining the association of serotonergic neuron subpopulations with neuropsychiatric disorders. KW - neuropsychiatric disorders KW - human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) KW - serotonin-specific neurons KW - median and dorsal raphe KW - synapse formation KW - Cadherin-13 (CDH13) Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268519 SN - 1435-1463 VL - 128 IS - 2 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jansch, Charline T1 - Effects of SLC2A3 copy number variants on neurodevelopment and glucose metabolism in ADHD patient-specific neurons T1 - Effekte der SLC2A3 Kopienzahlvarianten auf Neuroentwicklung und Glukosemetabolismus in ADHS Patienten-spezifischen Neuronen N2 - Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), represent a burden which deeply impair the patient’s life. Neurobiological research has therefore increasingly focused on the examination of brain neurotransmitter systems, such as the serotonin (5-HT) system, since a dysfunction has been repeatedly implicated in the pathology of these diseases. However, investigation of functional human neurons in vitro has been restricted by technical limitations for a long time until the discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) revolutionized the field of experimental disease models. Since the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders involves a complex genetic component, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed numerous risk genes that are associated with an increased risk for ADHD. For instance, the novel ADHD candidate gene SLC2A3 which encodes the glucose transporter-3 (GLUT3), facilitates the transport of glucose across plasma membranes and is essential for the high energy demand of several cell types, such as stem cells and neurons. Specifically, copy number variants (CNVs) of SLC2A3 might therefore impact cerebral glucose metabolism as well as the assembly of synaptic proteins in human neurons which might contribute to the pathogenesis of ADHD. We hypothesized that an altered SLC2A3 gene dosage in human neurons can exert diverse protective or detrimental effects on neurodevelopmental processes as well as the coping of glucometabolic stress events, such as hypo- and hyperglycaemic conditions. The generation of specific iPSC lines from ADHD patients and healthy probands served as basis to efficiently differentiate stem cells into 5-HT specific neurons. Using this neuronal culture, we were able to examine effects of SLC2A3 CNVs on the basal expression of SCL2A3 and GLUT3 in human neurons. Furthermore, the focus was on potentially altered coping of the cells with glucose deprivation and the treatment with specific high- and low glycaemic media. High-resolution fluorescence imaging in combination with electrophysiological and molecular biological techniques showed that: 1) The generated human iPSCs are fully reprogrammed human stem cells showing typical characteristics of embryonic stem cell-like morphology, growth behaviour, the ability to differentiate into different cell types of the human body and the expression of pluripotency-specific markers. 2) The neuronal subtype derived from our stem cells display typical characteristics of 5-HT specific median and dorsal neurons and forms synapses reflected by the expression of pre- and postsynaptic proteins. 3) Even if SLC2A3 CNVs influence SLC2A3 and GLUT3 basal expression, no significant alterations in gene and protein expression caused by hyper- and hypoglycaemic conditions, nor in the assembly of proteins associated with synapse formation could be observed in human iPSC-derived neurons. N2 - Neuropsychiatrische Erkrankungen, wie das Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit/Hyperaktivitäts-Syndrom (ADHS), stellen eine Belastung dar, die das Leben des Patienten schwerwiegend beeinträchtigen. Die neurobiologische Forschung hat sich deshalb zunehmend auf die Untersuchung der Neurotransmittersysteme des Gehirns, wie das serotonerge (5-HT) System fokussiert, da eine Dysfunktion wiederholt in Zusammenhang mit der Pathogenese solcher Erkrankungen gebracht wurde. Die in vitro-Untersuchung funktioneller humaner Neurone war jedoch lange Zeit durch technische Limitierungen eingeschränkt, bis die Entdeckung humaner induzierter pluripotenter Stammzellen (iPSCs) das Feld der experimentellen Krankheitsmodelle revolutionierte. Da die Pathogenese neuropsychiatrischer Erkrankungen eine komplexe genetische Komponente einschließt, haben genomweite Assoziationsstudien zahlreiche Risikogene aufgedeckt, die mit einem erhöhten Risiko für ADHS assoziiert werden. Das Kandidatengen SLC2A3, das den Glukosetransporter-3 (GLUT3) codiert, ermöglicht beispielsweise den Transport von Glukose über Plasmamembranen und ist somit essenziell für die hohe Energieanforderung verschiedenster Zelltypen, wie etwa Stammzellen und Neurone. Im Besonderen könnten die Kopienzahlvarianten (CNVs) des Gens SLC2A3 daher den cerebralen Glukosemetabolismus, sowie die Ansammlung synaptischer Proteine beeinflussen und so zur Pathogenese des ADHS beitragen. Wir nahmen an, dass eine veränderte SLC2A3-Gendosis in humanen Neuronen diverse protektive oder schädliche Effekte auf Neuroentwicklungsprozesse, sowie den Umgang mit glukometabolischen Stress-Ereignissen, wie etwa hypo- und hyperglykämische Bedingungen haben könnte. Die Generierung spezieller iPSC-Linien von ADHS-Patienten und gesunden Probanden diente als Basis, um Stammzellen effizient in 5-HT spezifische Neurone zu differenzieren. Diese neuronale Kultur ermöglichte uns die Untersuchung der Effekte der SLC2A3 CNVs auf die Basalexpression von SLC2A3 und GLUT3 in humanen Neuronen. Des Weiteren war der Focus auf einen potenziell veränderten Umgang der Zellen mit Glukoseentzug und der Behandlung mit speziellen hoch- und niederglykämischen Medien. Hochauflösende Fluoreszenzaufnahmen in Kombination mit elektrophysiologischen und molekularbiologischen Techniken zeigten, dass: 1) Die generierten human iPSCs vollständig reprogrammierte humane Stammzellen sind, die die typischen Merkmale der embryonalen Stammzell-Morphologie, des Wachstumsverhaltes, der Fähigkeit in verschiedenste Zelltypen des menschlichen Körpers zu differenzieren und der Expression Pluripotenz-assoziierter Marker aufweisen. 2) Der neuronale Subtyp, der aus unseren Stammzellen generiert wurde, die typischen Charakteristiken medianer und dorsaler 5-HT Neurone aufweist und Synapsen formt, verdeutlicht durch die Expression prä- und postsynaptischer Proteine. 3) Selbst wenn die SLC2A3 CNVs einen Einfluss auf die basale Gen- und Proteinexpression haben, zeigte sich jedoch in humanen iPSC-erzeugten Neuronen keine signifikante Veränderung der Gen- und Proteinexpression aufgrund hyper- und hypoglykämischer Konditionen, noch der Ansammlung der Proteine, die mit der Formation der Synapsen assoziiert sind. KW - Stammzelle KW - Induzierte pluripotente Stammzelle KW - Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Syndrom KW - Kopienzahlvariation KW - Duplikation KW - SLC2A3 KW - Deletion Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216201 ER -