TY - THES A1 - Wingenfeld, Bianca T1 - Effekt der Radiosynoviorthese anhand klinischer, laborchemischer und bildgebender Parameter T1 - Effect of radiosynoviorthesis by means of clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters N2 - Ziel: Der Therapieerfolg der Radiosynoviorthese sollte bei rheumatoider Arthritis und anderen entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen anhand subjektiver, objektiver, so wie laborchemischer und bildgebender Parameter prospektiv beurteilt werden. Methode: Es wurden insgesamt 174 Gelenke bei 97 Patienten behandelt, wobei 55% der Patienten an einer rheumatoiden Arthritis und 23% an einer aktivierten Arthrose litten.Die Veränderungen 6 Monate nach einer Radiosynoviorthese wurden sowohl an subjektiven, wie auch an objektiven Parametern (Schmerz, Schwellung, Gelenk-beweglichkeit) evaluiert. Zusätzlich wurden laborchemische Parameter (CRP, BSG), bildgebende Verfahren (Skelett-szintigraphie, MRT) und Einnahme von Medikamenten beurteilt. Eine weitere Befragung zum Wiederauftreten von Beschwerden (Rezidiv) erfolgte in Zeit-räumen zwischen einem und drei Jahren nach der Radiosynoviorthese. Ergebnisse: Gute Erfolge in 60 bis 80% der Fälle zeigten sich bei der klinischen Symptomatik, sowohl auf subjektiver, als auch auf objektiver Ebene, wobei sich in der Korrelationsanalyse niedrige Werte zwischen den subjektiven und objektiven Parametern ergeben hatten. Bei 55% der Gelenke hatte sich die Schmerzintensität verringert, 23% waren gänzlich schmerzfrei. Die objektiv gemessene Änderung der Gelenkbeweglichkeit hatte bei 73% eine Besserung ergeben, 12% waren uneingeschränkt beweglich, bei 68% war die Schwellung zurückgegangen. Die Radionuklidaufnahme in der Weichteilphase der Sklettszintigraphie verminderte sich bei 58% der Gelenke, die Kernspin-tomographie ergab bei 44% der Kniegelenke einen Entzündungsrückgang. Rezidive traten nach einem bis drei Jahren nur bei 15% der Patienten auf.Die labor-chemischen Parameter sowie die Medikamenteneinnahme wurden durch die Radiosynoviorthese nicht beeinflusst. Schlussfolgerung: Die Radiosynoviorthese liefert auf subjektiver und objektiver Ebene gute Ergebnisse im Sinne einer Besserung. Sie ist dabei eine schonende Therapieform, die ohne Risiken einer Operation gleichzeitig an mehreren Gelenke vorgenommen und gegebenfalls wiederholt werden kann. Sie bietet damit somit eine gute Therapie-möglichkeit im Rahmen der interdisziplinären Behandlungsformen dar. N2 - Aim: Effect of radiosynoviorthesis should be evaluated in a prospective study by subjective, objective, laboratory and radiological parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and others inflammatory joint deseases. Methods: A total of 174 joints in 97 patients were investigated. 55% of the patients suffered from rheumatoid arthritis, 23% from active arthrosis. The effect of radiosynoviorthesis was evaluated by subjective (pain, swelling, joint-mobility) as well as by objective parameters at 6 months after radiosynoviorthesis. In addition to this medication, laboratory and radiological examinations were evaluated. Follow-up one to three years patients were asked for symptoms coming back. Results: Our results have shown a good improvement of clinical symptoms in 60-80% of cases, even though the correlations between subjective to objective parameters were low. 55% of joints had almost complete, 23% complete pain relief. 73% showed a good improvement of objective joint-mobility, 56% of joint-swelling. In 12% joint-motion was totally normal. The radiological uptake in three-bone scan was reduced in 58% of joints; in MRI a reduction of inflammation was seen in 44% of knees. Follow-up one to three years revealed symptoms coming back in only 15%. The laboratory parameters and medication did not change after radiosynoviorthesis. Conclusion: Radiosynoviorthesis showed a good improvement in subjective as well as in objective parameters.It is possible to treat more than only one joint a day and, if necessary, you can repeat the therapy without any risks of operation. Radiosynoviorthesis is a reliable method for the treatment in joint deseases among all the others. KW - Radiosynoviorthese KW - Rheumatoide Arthritis KW - subj./objektive Evaluation von Schmerz KW - Schwellung und Beweglichkeit KW - bildgebende Parameter KW - Radiosynoviorthesis KW - rheumatoid arthritis KW - subj./objective evaluation of pain KW - swelling and joint-mobility KW - radiological parameters Y1 - 2001 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-1182669 ER - TY - THES A1 - Juhran, Nina T1 - Epidemiologie des Iodmangels im Würzburger Raum: Schilddrüsenvolumina und Iodausscheidung bei Schulkindern in Würzburg T1 - epidemiology of iodine deficiency in the area of wuerzburg: thyroid volume and ioduresis of children in wuerzburg N2 - Deutschland gilt bisher immer noch als Iodmangelgebiet, obwohl in der letzten Zeit einige Studien eine deutliche Verbesserung der Iodversorgung in der deutschen Bevölkerung zeigten. Allerdings wurde der Großteil dieser Untersuchungen nicht gemäß den epidemiologischen Kriterien der WHO, UNICEF und ICCIDD durchgeführt, was zu einem Selektionsbias im Hinblick auf die Einschätzung der Strumaprävalenz führte. Die ideale Zielgruppe für die Beurteilung der aktuellen Iodversorgung einer Population sind Kinder im Schulalter zwischen 7 und 17 Jahren, weil die kindliche Schilddrüse sehr viel empfindlicher auf Veränderungen in der Iodzufuhr reagiert, und Schulkinder leicht in großer Zahl repräsentativ untersucht werden können. Gleichzeitig werden dabei auch verschiedene soziale Bevölkerungsschichten abgedeckt. An der Würzburger Studie nahmen 591 Kinder teil. Dabei handelte es sich um 268 Mädchen und 323 Jungen im Alter von 7 bis 17 Jahren. Es wurden folgende Daten erhoben: Schilddrüsenvolumen mit Hilfe der Sonographie, Iodkonzentration im morgendlichem Mittelstrahlurin, Körpergewicht, Größe, Geschlecht und Alter. Der Median der Iodkonzentration im Urin lag bei 183 µg/L. Der Anteil an Urinproben mit Iodkonzentrationen unter 100µg/L bzw. unter 50µg/L betrug 15,4% (Ziel nach WHO: <50%) bzw. 4,3% (Ziel nach WHO: <20%). 17,3 % der Proben enthielten hohe Konzentrationen über 300µg/L. Damit sind alle Kriterien der WHO hinsichtlich einer ausreichenden Iodzufuhr erfüllt. Der Grund für diese deutliche Verbesserung ist zum einen darin zu sehen, daß fast alle Familien ( 97%) im Haushalt Iodsalz verwenden und 19,6% aller Kinder regelmäßig Iodtabletten einnehmen. Zum anderen basiert die mittlerweile normale Iodversorgung wohl hauptsächlich auf dem fast ausschließlichen Einsatz von Iodsalz in der Lebensmittelindustrie (Bäcker und Metzger). In Bezug auf die Referenzwerte der Schilddrüsenvolumina der WHO/ICCIDD ergab sich für die Würzburger Schulkinder eine Strumaprävalenz von 0,2%, sowohl in Relation zu Alter und Geschlecht, als auch zu Körperoberfläche und Geschlecht. Im Vergleich mit den 97. Perzentilen der ursprünglichen Normdaten von Gutekunst und Martin-Teichert errechnete sich wie statistisch zu erwarten war eine Kropfhäufigkeit von 3%. Damit sind die Schilddrüsenvolumina der Würzburger Schulkinder vergleichbar mit den aktuellen Werten von Kindern mit ausreichender Iodversorgung sowohl aus der Schweiz, als auch aus dem Raum Berlin und Leipzig. Deutschland ist deshalb wahrscheinlich nicht länger als ein Land mit einer Iodmangelsituation anzusehen, wenngleich diese Daten durch weitere flächendeckende Studien an Kindern untermauert werden müssen. Die Würzburger Untersuchung und die meisten der anderen aktuell veröffentlichten Studien an Schulkindern mit ausreichender Iodversorgung geben zudem Grund zur Annahme, daß die Referenzwerte der WHO/ICCIDD für die Schilddrüsenvolumina zu hoch angesetzt sind, was mittlerweile von Seiten der WHO korrigiert wird. N2 - Germany still is an area of iodine deficiency, although a lot of studies have shown that there is a significant improvement of the iodine supply. In this study we examined the thyroid volume and the ioduresis of children -according to the guidelines of the WHO- in the age of 7 to 18, because they show the current iodine supply. The results reveal that Wuerzburg is no longer an area of iodine deficieny, because the thyroid volumes of the children in Wuerzburg are smaller than postulated by the WHO and with a ioduresis of 183 µg/L iodine there is no longer a sign of iodine deficiency. KW - Würzburg KW - Schulkind KW - Iodmangel KW - Iod KW - Iodmangel KW - Schilddrüsenvolumen KW - iodine KW - iodine deficiency KW - thyroid volume Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-5643 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kreißl, Michael T1 - Vergleich der Wirksamkeit zweier verschieden dosierter Levothyroxin-Iodid-Kombinationen in der Therapie der euthyreoten diffusen Struma T1 - Comparison of the efficacy of two differently dosed levothyroxine-iodide-combinations in the treatment of euthyroid diffuse goiter N2 - Grundproblematik und Fragestellung: In der Behandlung der endemischen Struma läßt sich durch Levothyroxin und/oder Iodid eine Reduktion des Schilddrüsenvolumens erreichen. Eine unter Levothyroxintherapie auftretende TSH-Suppression kann sich jedoch über die Persistenz des intrathyreoidalen Iodmangels negativ auf die Rezidivhäufigkeit auswirken. In dieser Studie soll die Wirksamkeit zweier verschieden dosierter Kombinationspräparate aus Levothyroxin und Iodid verglichen werden, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Auswirkung des Levothyroxinanteils auf die intrathyreoidale Iodkonzentration. Patienten und Methodik: 44 Patientinnen mit euthyreoter diffuser Struma wurden in die Studie aufgenommen und randomisiert zwei Therapiegruppen zugeordnet. Gruppe A wurde mit 75 µg Levothyroxin und 150 µg Iodid (Verhältnis 1:2) behandelt. Gruppe B erhielt eine Kombination aus 100 µg Levothyroxin und 100 µg Iodid (Verhältnis 1:1) Die Therapie erstreckte sich über drei Monate mit anschließendem Beobachtungsintervall von drei Monaten ohne Medikation. Zu Studienbeginn, nach drei und sechs Monaten erfolgte eine Messung der intrathyreoidalen Iodkonzentration mittels Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse, des sonografischen Schilddrüsenvolumens, der Iodausscheidung im Spontanurin und des basalen TSH, sowie der Schilddrüsenhormone und des Thyreoglobulins. Die Verträglichkeit der Präparate wurde ebenfalls erfaßt. Ergebnisse: Im Verlauf der Studie, sowohl unter Therapie, als auch während der Nachbeobachtungsphase kam es in beiden Gruppen (auswertbar in Gruppe B n = 20, in Gruppe A n = 21) nur zu geringen, nicht signifikanten Veränderungen des intrathyreoidalen Iodgehalts. Durch die Behandlung reduzierte sich das Schilddrüsenvolumen in Gruppe B um im Mittel 17,3% gegenüber dem Ausgangswert (p<0,001); in Gruppe A um 14,8% (p<0,001). Der erreichte Effekt blieb in Gruppe B über die Nachbeobachtungsperiode erhalten, in Gruppe A sank das mittlere Volumen um weitere vier Prozent (n.s.). Ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen ließ sich für die intrathyreoidale Iodkonzentration, wie auch für das Schilddrüsenvolumen nicht nachweisen. In Gruppe B war eine statistisch signifikant stärkere TSH-Suppression (p=0,04) und ein höherer TSH-Anstieg (p=0,025) nach Therapie im Vergleich zu Gruppe A zu beobachten. Folgerung: Beide Kombinationspräparate bewirkten eine vergleichbare dauerhafte Volumenreduktion der Schilddrüse ohne relevante Veränderung der intrathyreoidalen Iodkonzentration. Aufgrund des geringeren posttherapeutischen TSH-Anstiegs scheint die 1:2 Kombination gegenüber der 1:1 Kombination geringe Vorteile zu bieten. N2 - Basic problem and objective: A reduction of thyroid volume may be achieved by treatment with levothyroxine and/or iodide. TSH-suppression which may be caused by levothyroxine monotherapy is considered to lead to persisting intrathyroidal iodine deficiency and frequent relapses. Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two differently dosed preparations containing both levothyroxine and iodide especially considering the influence of the levothyroxine on intrathyroidal iodine concentration. Patients and methods: 44 female patients with euthyroid diffuse goiters were included into the study and randomly assigned to two groups. Group A was treated with 75 µg of levothyroxine and 150 µg of iodide (relation 1:2). Group B received a combination of 100 µg of levothyroxine and 100 µg of iodide (relation 1:1).Therapy was carried out for three months with a follow up period without any medication of another three months. Patients were examined before entering the study, after three months of treatment and after six months following the wash out period. The examination consisted of a measurement of thyroidal iodine concentration by X-ray fluorescence analysis, thyroidal volume by ultrasound, iodine excretion and TSH. Thyroidal hormones, thyroglobulin and side effects were also monitored. Results: Throughout the study only small non significant changes of intrathyroidal iodine concentration and no group differences were observed. In group A (21 patients) only 14.8% (p<0.001) was reached, in group B (20 patients) treatment lead to a mean reduction of thyroidal volume of 17.3% (p<0.001). During the follow up period thyroids in group B kept their size whereas the mean volume decreased 4 percent (n.s) in group A. This difference was not significant. Group B showed a statistically relevant stronger TSH suppression (p=0.04) and a more pronounced rise of TSH after therapy (p=0.025) than A. Conclusion: Both preparations were equally efficacious in terms of thyroid volume reduction without reducing thyroidal iodine concentration. Being both effective in the treatment of endemic goiter the 2:1 combination seems to be slightly more favorable because of the lower posttherapeutic rise of TSH. KW - Struma KW - euthyreote KW - Therapie KW - Jodid KW - Levothyroxin KW - goiter KW - endemic KW - therapy KW - iodine KW - levothyroxine Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-6106 ER - TY - THES A1 - Blasl, Christiana T1 - Chromatografischer Nachweis endogen radioiodierter Verbindungen im Urin von Patienten mit differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom nach Iod-131-Ganzkörperszintigrafie T1 - Chromatographic identification of endogenously radioiodinated thyroid products in urine of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after I-131-whole-body-scintigraphy N2 - Der Follow-UP von Patienten mit differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom (DTC) wird konventionell mit I-131-Ganzkörperzintigrafie (GKS) und Bestimmung des Serumthyreoglobulins (hTg) durchgeführt. Wegen der Inzidenz von 15%-20% diskordanter Resultate entwickelte Bianchi et al. (J Nucl Med 1993; 34: 2032-2037) die Serumchromatografie von endogen radioiodiertem Triiodthyronin (L-T3) und Thyroxin (L-T4) bei Patienten mit DTC nach oraler Applikation von I-131. Da im Rahmen des Iodstoffwechsels auch radioiodierte Verbindungen im Urin erscheinen, versuchten wir eine Urinchromatografiemethode zu entwickeln, basierend auf der Annahme, dass ein pathologischer I-131-Uptake, wenngleich zu niedrig um im GKS erkannt zu werden, gleichwohl über endogen iodierte Schilddrüsenprodukte im Urin nachgewiesen werden kann. In der Urinchromatografie konnten die Ergebnisse der Serumchromatografie nicht erreicht werden. N2 - Patients with DTC are conventionally followed up with serial I-131- whole-body-scintigraphy (WBS) and serum thyroglobulin (hTg) measurements. Given the 15%-20% incidence of discordant results Bianchi et al. (J Nucl Med 1993; 34: 2032-2037) established the serum chromatographic identification of endogenously radioiodinated thyroid hormones after I-131-WBS in the follow-up of patients with DTC. We tried to establish an urine chromatographic method of patients with DTC, based on the assumption that I-131-uptake, though too low to be detected by I-131-WBS, could be assayed in urine as endogenously labeled and excreted thyroid products. The urine chromatographic method did not show the good results of the serum chromatographic method. KW - Differenziertes Schilddrüsenkarzinom KW - I-131-Ganzkörperzintigrafie KW - Thyreoglobulin (hTg) KW - Urinchromatografie KW - Serumchromatografie KW - differentiated thyroid carcinoma KW - I-131-whole-body-scintigraphy KW - thyroglobulin (hTg) KW - urine chromatographic method KW - serum chromatographic method Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-12726 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kleinert, Kathrin T1 - Einfluss der thyreostatischen Therapie auf den Erfolg einer Radioiod-Ersttherapie bei der Autoimmunthyreopathie vom Typ M. Basedow T1 - Antithyroid drugs as a factor influencing the outcome of radioiodine therapy in Graves`disease N2 - Ziel vorliegender Studie war die Einflussfaktoren der Radioiodtherapie bei der Autoimmunthyreopathie vom Typ M. Basedow insbesondere im Hinblick auf die prätherapeutische thyreostatische Therapie aufgrund der unklaren Datenlage zu erfassen. Der Einfluss von Geschlecht, Alter, Schilddrüsenvolumen, applizierter Aktivität, erzielter Dosis, Uptake und verschiedener Laborparameter, wie TSH, fT3, fT4 wurde untersucht. Aus einem Kollektiv von 465 Patienten konnten 283 als Ersttherapierte identifiziert werden und weitern uni-und multivariater Analyse unterzogen werden. Als Therapieerfolg definiertn wir Patienten, deren TSH- Spiegel ohne Medikation im Normbereich lag, als auch jene, die unabhängig vom TSH-Spiegel nach Radioiodidtherapie eine hypothyreote Stoffwechsellage aufwiesen und substituiert werden mussten. Die Erfolgsquote betrug 86,6%. Unsere Ergebnisse der univariaten Analyse erlauben den Schluss, dass sowohl die erzielte Dosis, das Schilddrüsenvolumen, die applizierte Aktivität, sowie der Uptake relevante Einflussfaktoren einer Radioiodtherapie sind. Die simultane thyreostatische Therapie zeigte weder in uni- noch multivariater Analyse signifikante Unterschiede bezüglich einer erfolgreichen Radioiodtherapie. Eine um 5% niedrigere Erfolgsrate unter simultaner Thyreostase, sowie die Ergebnisse multivariater Betrachtungen deuten jedoch auf einen tendentiellen Einfluss hin. Als Konsequenz für die routinemässige Durchführung einer Radioiodtherapie erscheint es sinnvoll, in Einzelfällen die thyreostatische Medikation frühzeitig vor einer Radioiodtherapie abzusetzen. Eine Beurteilung hinsichtlich des Langzeiterfolges sollte frühestens nach 1 Jahr erfolgen. N2 - There is a controversy over the factors that may influence the outcome of radioiodine therapy in Graves` disease. Antithyroid medication has been claimed to negatively influence the effectiveness of radioiodine therapy in Graves` disease. In a longitudinal study we assessed the influence of sex, age, antithyroid drugs, target mass, uptake, target radiation dose, applied activity, delivered dose, TSH, fT3, fT4 levels on the outcome of radioiodine therapy. 283 patients (237 female, 46 male) suffering from Graves` disease were entered in the study and followed up until 24 months after therapy. Treatment was defined successful when the TSH level was found to be normal or elevated. 245 patients were successfully treated. Univariate analysis showed the factors target mass, applied activity and delivered dose influencing the outcome of radioiodine therapy. Forward stepwise multiple regression analysis models retained only the delivered dose and the target mass as significantly associated with the outcome of therapy. Antithyroid medication showed a tendency in influencing the result but no significant result. Whereas concomitant antithyroid medication had no significant influence in Graves` disease. This factor only showed a tendency. Conclusion of this longitudinal study was an interruption of concomitant antithyroid medication before a radioiodine therapy can be agreed and the total result can be predicted only one year after radioiodine therapy. KW - Radioiodtherapie KW - M. Basedow KW - Autoimmunthyreopathie KW - thyreostatischen Therapie KW - radioiodine therapy KW - Graves´ disease KW - antithyroid therapy Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-11759 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schaffhauser, Katrin T1 - Intrathyreoidale Iodkonzentration nach intravenöser Applikation nichtionischer Röntgenkontrastmittel ohne und mit prophylaktischer Gabe von Perchlorat T1 - Intrathyroidal iodine concentration after application of non-ionic contrast media with and without prophylactic application of perchlorate N2 - Ziel: Studie zur Klärung der Veränderung der intrathyreoidalen Iodkonzentration nach intravenöser Applikation nicht-ionischer Röntgenkontrastmittel (Iomeprol-300; KM) sowie der Wirksamkeit einer Prophylaxe mit Perchlorat (1380 mg/d) zur Blockade der thyreoidalen Iodaufnahme. Probanden und Methoden: 12 Probanden erhielten 100 ml Iomeprol-300 intravenös, dazu zusätzlich o.g. Perchloratprophylaxe. 12 weiteren Probanden wurde lediglich 100 ml Iomeprol-300 intravenös appliziert. Vor sowie 0,2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 24, 48, 72 und 96 Stunden nach Kontrastmittelgabe wurde die intrathyreoidale Iodkonzentration mittels Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse bestimmt. Ergebnisse, Schlussfolgerung: Unter Perchlorat veränderte sich die intrathyreodiale Iodkonzentration nicht. Ohne Perchloratprophylaxe sinkt der Iodgehalt der Schilddrüse bei einer initial hohen intrathyreoidalen Iodkonzentration nach Kontrastmittelgabe ab (722 +/- 66 µg/ml vor, 670 +/- 65 µg/ml nach KM; p=0,046), bei initial niedriger Konzentration wird Iod in die Schilddrüse eingelagert (327 +/- 40 µg/ml vor, 381 +/- 25 µg/ml nach KM; p=0,046). Der Effekt, obwohl signifikant, scheint zu gering, um für einen Patienten mit gesunder Schilddrüse die Gefahr einer iodinduzierten Funktionsstörung der Schilddrüse verursachen zu können und kann durch die tägliche Gabe von 1,4 g Perchlorat verhindert werden. N2 - Aim: This study was designed to show the effect of a non-ionic contrast-medium (Iomeprol-300; CM) on the intrathyroidal iodine concentration with and without a concomitant medication with perchlorate (1380 mg/d) to block the thyroidal iodine uptake. Volunteers and methods: 12 volunteers received 100 ml Iomeprol-300 intravenously and the perchlorate prophylaxis mentioned above. Another 12 volunteers got 100 ml Iomeprol-300 only. By means of X-ray-fluorescence-analysis the intrathyroidal iodine concentration was determined in advance as well as 0.2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the application of the CM. Results, Conclusion: The intrathyroidal iodine concentration did not change in the group of volunteers on perchlorate medication. Without perchlorate the intrathyroidal iodine concentration decreased after the application of the CM when it was initially high (722 +/- 66 µg/ml before, 670 +/- 65 µg/ml after CM; p=0,046) and increased in case of a low initial concentration (327 +/- 40 µg/ml before, 381 +/- 25 µg/ml after CM; p=0,046). This effect is significant but its magnitude is too small to be harmful for a patient with a healthy thyroid. The oral application of 1.4 g/d perchlorate inhibits the thyroidal iodine uptake and the intrathyroidal iodine concentration is unaffected by the application of a CM. KW - Nicht-ionische Röntgenkontrastmittel KW - intrathyreoidale Iodkonzentration KW - Iodid KW - Perchloratprophylaxe KW - Non-ionic contrast-media KW - intrathyroidal iodine concentration KW - iodide KW - perchlorate prophylaxis Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-15467 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kranzfelder, Michael T1 - Orale versus intravenöse Radioiodtherapie bei Unifokaler Autonomie und Morbus Basedow T1 - Oral vs. intravenous radioiodine therapy in unifocal autonomy and Graves' disease N2 - Im Rahmen der dieser Arbeit zugrunde liegenden prospektiven, randomisierten Studie wurden im Zeitraum Juli 2001 bis August 2002 insgesamt 120 Patienten der Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin der Universität Würzburg mit den Diagnosen Unifokale Autonomie (UFA) und Morbus Basedow (MB) mit einer RIT behandelt. Die therapeutische Applikation des 131- I erfolgte in jeder der Diagnosegruppen entweder oral in Kapsel-, oder intravenös in flüssiger Form. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einflussgrad der Applikationsmodalität des Radionuklids, d.h. orale (Kapsel) versus intravenöse (flüssige) Verabreichung des 131- I, hinsichtlich des Therapieergebnisses zu untersuchen. Ein halbes Jahr nach der RIT zeigten in der Erkrankungsgruppe UFA 94 % der Patienten bei der oralen Applikationsform und 81 % der Patienten bei der intravenösen Applikationsform einen Behandlungserfolg. In der Diagnosegruppe MB waren im gleichen Zeitraum 67 % der Studienteilnehmer bei der oralen Applikationsform und 65 % der Studienteilnehmer bei der intravenösen Applikationsform erfolgreich therapiert. Zwischen beiden Applikationsformen wurden bei UFA und MB keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Therapieergebnisses gefunden. Das Ergebnis bietet somit keinen Anhalt dafür, dass bei der oralen Applikationsform enterale Absorptionsverluste von Radioiod auftreten. Ohne eine Verschlechterung des Behandlungserfolges zu befürchten, kann die Verabreichungsmodalität des Radionuklids daher individuell getroffen werden. Aus Handhabungsgründen und wegen des Strahlenschutzes des Personals wird man aber in der Regel die Kapsel bevorzugen. N2 - In a prospective randomised study, we investigated the influence of the route of administration (oral vs. intravenous) of radioiodide on therapy outcome. 60 patients suffering from Graves disease (GD) and 60 patients with unifocal autonomy (UA) participated in the study and were randomly treated with either orally or intravenously administered radioiodide. No improvement in accuracy of dosimetry was achieved when radioiodide was administered intravenously. Mean therapeutic doses were identical following intravenous or oral administration. No differences according to treatment modality were found with regard to therapeutic outcome. In the UA group, successful treatment, defined as a normal or elevated TSH level, was observed in 94% of patients after oral administration and in 81% after intravenous administration; corresponding figures in the GD group were 67% and 65%. KW - Radioiodtherapie KW - Oral KW - Intravenös KW - Unifokale Autonomie KW - Morbus Basedow KW - Radioiodine therapy KW - Oral KW - Intravenous KW - Unifocal autonomy KW - Graves' disease Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-14383 ER - TY - THES A1 - Thorwarth, Stefanie T1 - Langzeiterfolg der Zweit- und Dritttherapie mit Radioiod bei der Autoimmunthyreopathie vom Typ Morbus Basedow T1 - Long term success of patients with Graves´disease treated with a second or third radioiodine therapy N2 - Nach wie vor sind die Einflussfaktoren auf den Langzeiterfolg der Radioiodtherapie bei der Autoimmunthyreopathie vom Typ Morbus Basedow bei Ersttherapie umstritten. Ziel dieser Dissertation war es, den Langzeiterfolg der Radioiodtherapie bei der Autoimmunthyreopathie vom Typ Morbus Basedow bei Zweit- und Dritttherapie am Beispiel des Krankengutes der Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg zu analysieren und einen Bezug zu den weiterhin kontrovers diskutierten Einflussfaktoren bei einer Ersttherapie herzustellen. In dieser retrospektiven Studie wurden die Daten von 106 Patienten, die in der Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin im Zeitraum 1998 bis 2000 mit einem Rezidiv nach einer Radioiodtherapie eines Morbus Basedow mit einer 2. bzw. 3. Radioiodtherapie behandelt wurden, uni- und multivariaten Analysen unterzogen. Als prädiktive Einflussfaktoren auf den Langzeiterfolg bei einer 2. Radioiodtherapie lassen sich Volumen, Iodumsatz und thyreostatische Medikation eruieren. Mangels ausreichender Fallzahlen wurde nicht untersucht ob ein bestimmtes Geschlecht oder Alter für ein Rezidiv und damit eine 2. bzw. eine 3. Radioiodtherapie prädisponieren. Ebenfalls hatte die thyreoidale Stoffwechsellage keine Vorraussagekraft. Aufgrund eines feststellbar erhöhten Iodumsatzes bei Hyperthyreose ist aber eine ausgeglichene Hormonlage anzustreben. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass weitere, zum Teil noch nicht bekannte und in dieser Dissertation nicht untersuchte Variablen den Ausgang der Radioiodtherapie wesentlich mitbeeinflussen. Als Konsequenz dieser Untersuchung scheint eine Anhebung der angestrebten Dosis bei einer 1. Radioiodtherapie auf 250 – 300 Gy sinnvoll, da dies bei einer 2. Radioiodtherapie wirksam war und somit zu einer Reduktion der Rezidivrate führen könnte. N2 - The influencing factors long on term success of initial radioiodine therapy are controversialy discussed. Aim of this project was to analyse the long term results in patients with Graves´disease treated with a second or third radioiodine therapy. The collected data was then compared to the results of the first radioiodine therapy. In this retrospective study the data of 106 patiens was collected. All individuall suffered from Graves` disease and were treated with a second or third radiodine therapy. Thyroid volume, iodine turnover and thyrostatic medication were identified to be predictive influencing variables on long term success of the second radiodine therapy. Due to a lack of a statistical relevant number of patient we were unable to investigate if a certain gender or age predisposed to a relapse with need of a second or third radiodine intervention. In this study the thyroid function had no influence on the clinical outcome. However, before entering the therapeutic regime, a balanced hormone level has to be reached due to the higher iodine turnover on hyperthyroid patients. We concluded that further variables which are still partially unknown influence the outcome of the radiodine therapy essentially. As a consequence of this investigation an increase of the target dose at initial radioiodine therapy to 250 – 300 Gy seems reasonable because this dosage was successful during the second radiodine therapy. This could result in a significant reduction of the relapserate. KW - Morbus Basedow KW - zweite oder dritte Radioiodtherapie KW - Schilddrüsenvolumen KW - Iodumsatz KW - Zieldosis KW - Graves`disease KW - second or third radioiodine therapy KW - thyroid volume KW - iodine turnover KW - target dose Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-18998 ER - TY - THES A1 - Andermann, Paul T1 - Evaluierung der Intra- und Interobserver-Variabilität bei der 2D-Ultraschall-Schilddrüsenvolumetrie an einem Schilddrüsenphantom - Vergleich zu 3D-Ultraschall-Referenzmessungen an gesunden Probanden N2 - Mehrere Autoren haben schon die Intra- und Interobserver-Variabilität bei der Bestimmung des Schilddrüsenvolumens und knotiger Herdbefunde mit Hilfe des zweidimensionalen (2D) Ultraschalls evaluiert. Darüber hinaus wurde über Interobserver-Korrelationen für Schilddrüsenvolumenmessungen berichtet. Es gibt jedoch keine prospektive verblindete Studie, die die Intra- bzw. Interobserver-Variabilität bei der Volumenbestimmung der gesamten Schilddrüse an gesunden Probanden bzw. einzelner Knoten unterschiedlicher Echogenität an einem Phantom untersucht hat. Die Ergebnisse der Einzelstudien sollen hier vorgestellt und – soweit möglich – miteinander verglichen werden. Im Rahmen einer quantitativen Studie mit dem hier präsentierten Schilddrüsenphantom soll die Intra- und Interobserver-Variabilität bei der 2D-Ultraschallvolumetrie einzelner Knoten unterschiedlicher Größe und Echogenität und der Schilddrüsenlappen evaluiert werden. Da Schilddrüsenknoten wegen des geringeren Volumens und ihrer oft unscharfen Randkontur schwieriger zu entdecken und auszumessen sind als die Gesamtschilddrüse, soll untersucht werden, welche Größenordnungen des Messfehlers auftreten und in welcher Relation sie zueinander stehen. Außerdem soll der methodenimmanente Fehler quantifiziert und detektierbare Volumenänderungen erfassbar gemacht werden. Bisher war in der Schilddrüsensonographie kein geeignetes Phantom verfügbar, das kommerziell erhältlich ist und mit dem qualitativ unterschiedliche intrathyreoidale Herdbefunde untersucht werden können. Die vorliegende Studie an gesunden Probanden hatte das primäre Ziel, die Frage nach der Quantifizierbarkeit von Unsicherheitsfaktoren in der Schilddrüsenvolumetrie durch den konventionellen 2D-Ultraschall im Vergleich zu 3D-Referenzvolumina bei gesunden Erwachsenen möglichst exakt zu beantworten und die Untersucherabhängigkeit der Methode zu demonstrieren. Damit soll die Genauigkeit (Richtigkeit und Präzision) der sonographischen Schilddrüsendiagnostik mathematisch erfasst und eine bessere Bewertungsgrundlage für die Frage nach der Reproduzierbarkeit von Ultraschall-Volumenbestimmungen der Schilddrüse und ihrer pathologischen Veränderungen geschaffen werden. Hierfür wurden möglichst aussagekräftige statistische Parameter wie die Intra- und Interobserver-Variabilität, der systematische und zufällige Fehler, der reine Fehler der Messmethode, minimale, sicher detektierbare Volumenänderungen und im Rahmen einer multivariaten Reliabilitätsanalyse die Reliabilitätskoeffizienten untersucht. Ein weiteres Ziel dieser Studie bestand darin, die Reliabilität der in der klinischen Routine benutzten Ellipsoidformel zur Berechnung des Schilddrüsenvolumens zu überprüfen. KW - Intraobserver-Variabilität KW - Interobserver-Variabilität KW - Ultraschall KW - Schilddrüsenvolumetrie KW - Schilddrüsenphantom Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-23434 ER - TY - THES A1 - Vershenya, Stanislav T1 - T-cell receptor assay and reticulocyte-micronuclei assay as biological dosimeters for ionizing radiation in humans N2 - In radiation accidents biological methods are used in dosimetry, if the radiation dose could not be measured by physical methods. The knowledge of individual dose is a prerequisite for planning a medical treatment and for health risk evaluations. In the present work two biodosimetrical assays were calibrated in young patients who were treated with radioiodine for thyroid cancer. Patients were from Belarus. They suffered from radiation induced thyroid cancer as a consequence of the Chernobyl reactor accident. In radioiodine therapy (RIT) bone marrow and lymphatic organs are exposed to ionizing radiation at doses of 0.1 to 0.75 Sv within about 2 days. Since several RIT have to be applied with interval between each of them from 6 months up to approximately 1 year, total dose can be up to 2 Sv within 2 to 3 years. The dose for thyroid tissue is approximately 1000 times higher. The dose-response relationship was measured by the T-cell receptor test (TCR test) in T4 lymphocytes with and without in vitro incubation or by the micronucleus assay in transferrin receptor positive reticulocytes (MN-Tf-Ret test). In all these assays, the frequency of radiation-induced mutants of blood cells is measured using flow cytometry. The TCR test is a cumulative biodosimeter, which measures the total radiation dose within the last 5 to 10 years, whereas the result of the MN-Tf-Ret test reflects the radiation dose of approximately 24 hours interval. It takes 8 hours and 3 days to perform TCR and MN-Tf-Ret tests respectively. Calibration curves based on radioiodine treated patients can be used for dose estimation in humans, if the radiation conditions correspond to those in RIT. This limits their applicability to low dose-rate β- and γ-irradiation and to doses per session not higher than about 0.5 Sv. If higher doses or dose-rates as well as the other types of ionizing radiation are involved, calibration curves in animals are indispensable. In the case MN-Tf-Ret test mouse models are established and may be used. The TCR assay was performed in 72 thyroid cancer patients aged between 14 and 25. T-cell mutant frequency (Mf) reaches its maximum only after half a year following the RIT. Then it declines exponentially. This decline could be described by the 3 parameter single exponential decay function. Based on this equation, the radiation dose could be calculated when the Mf and the time interval since exposure are known. Furthermore, the experimentally measured Mf value, which significantly exceeds the corresponding calculated Mf value would indicate an individual with higher radiosensitivity. However, among our patients there were none. The reticulocytes micronuclei test (MN-Tf-Ret) was performed in 46 radioiodine treated patients. When measuring the MN frequency (f(MN-Tf-Ret)) the measured cell fraction should be limited only to the youngest cohort of reticulocytes, because all the micronucleated erythrocytes are quickly removed from the peripheral blood by spleen. Thus, the MN test was performed only in CD71 positive (having transferring receptor) reticulocytes. These reticulocytes just entered the peripheral blood flow from red marrow. The MN frequency was measured before the therapy and then every day after the irradiation until day 7. MN frequency curve has typical shape with latent period for days 0 to 3. Then there is a sharp increase in MN frequency which lasts for 24 hours and could start between days 3 and 4. In the following days the MN frequency is dropping to its base level that equals the one before the treatment. The decay of MN frequency is depending on the half-life of radioiodine in the patient organism. If the half-life is low, then the increased f(MN-Tf-Ret) lasts shorter and vice versa. It was shown that the MN frequency curve could be described by the model where all the micronuclei arise only through the last mitosis of erythroblasts in the red marrow and the MN frequency is proportional to the radiation dose in the last cell cycle. The shape of this curve depends on the cell kinetics of erythropoiesis on one side and the exponential decay of radioiodine activity on the other. To the best of our knowledge, the MN-Tf-Ret test was applied in the present study for the first time in biological dosimetry. KW - T-Lymphozyten-Rezeptor KW - Schilddrüsenkrebs KW - T-cell receptor assay KW - Micronuclei KW - Thyroid cancer KW - Radioiodine KW - Transferrin-positive reticulocytes Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-28885 ER - TY - THES A1 - Verburg, Frederik Anton T1 - The course of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients in whom the initial I-131 ablative treatment was successful T1 - Der Verlauf des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms in Patienten bei wem die Erste I-131 Ablationsbehandlung erfolgreich war. N2 - Objective: The objective of this study was to study recurrence in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who after initial therapy consisting of total thyroidectomy and I-131 ablation, were cured defined as a negative TSH-stimulated Tg-levels and a negative I-131 whole body scan (WBS) at the first follow-up after ablation. Methods: Retrospective data for differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients from three university hospitals were pooled. Out of 1993 patients, 526 cured patients were included. All patients received at least one more TSH-stimulated WBS and Tg-measurement within 5 years after initial treatment. Results: 12 patients (2.1%) developed a recurrence after an average interval of 35 months (range: 12-59 months) following administration I-131 ablation. Overall disease-free survival according to the method of Kaplan-Meier was 96.6%. There was no difference in disease-free survival between high- and low-risk patients (p=0.61). Recurrence was first discovered by Tg-measurement during levothyroxin therapy in 7 patients, and by TSH-stimulated Tg-measurement in 5 patients. I-131 WBS did not contribute to the detection of recurrences. Multivariate analysis showed that age TNM-stage (p=0.015) and histology (p=0.032) were independent predictors of disease-free survival. Conclusion: Recurrence is a rare event in patients with DTC who received total thyroidectomy with subsequent I-131 ablation, and who had a negative first follow-up TSH-stimulated I-131 WBS and negative concurrent Tg. In the study population there were no recurrences after more than 5 years of follow-up. N2 - Ziel: Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Rezidivrate zu untersuchen bei Patienten mit einem differenziertem Schilddrüsen-Karzinom (DTC), die nach der ersten Behandlung, bestehend aus totaler Thyreoidektomie und I-131 Ablation, geheilt wurden. Heilung wurde definiert als eine negative TSH-stimulierte Tg-Messung und eine negative I-131 Ganzkörperszintigrafie (GKS) im ersten Follow-up nach der Ablation. Methoden: Retrospektive Daten für Patienten mit einem differenziertem Schilddrüsen-Karzinom aus drei Universitätskliniken wurden gemeinsam analysiert. 526 von 1993 Patienten wurden geheilt. Alle Patienten erhielten mindestens eine weitere TSH-stimulierte GKS und TG-Messung innerhalb von 5 Jahren nach der ersten Behandlung. Ergebnisse: 12 Patienten (2,1%) entwickelten ein Rezidiv nach einer durchschnittlichen Zeitdauer von 35 Monaten (Bereich: 12-59 Monate) nach der I-131-Ablation. Das rezidiv-freie Überleben berechnet mit der Methode von Kaplan-Meier lag bei 96,6%. Es gab keinen Unterschied im rezidiv-freien Überleben zwischen Hoch- und Niedrig-Risiko-Patienten (p = 0,61). Ein Rezidiv wurde zum ersten Mal entdeckt mittels Tg-Messung während Thyreosuppressiver Levothyroxin-Einnahme bei 7 Patienten, und mittels TSH-stimulierter Tg-Messung bei 5 Patienten. Die I-131-GKS führte nicht zur Erkennung von Rezidiven. Multivariate Analysen zeigten, dass TNM-Stadium (p = 0,015) und Histologie (p = 0,032) unabhängige Prädiktoren für das Rezidiv-freies Überleben waren. Fazit: Ein Rezidiv ist ein seltenes Ereignis bei Patienten mit DTC, die nach totaler Thyreoidektomie mit anschließender I-131-Ablation einen negativen ersten Follow-up bestehend aus TSH-stimulierter I-131 GKS und gleichzeitiger TG-Messung hatten. In der untersuchten Patientengruppe ergaben sich keine Rezidive nach mehr als 5 Jahren Nachsorge. KW - Schilddrüsenkrebs KW - Ablation KW - Radioiod KW - Langfristige Prognose KW - Thyroid carcinoma KW - I-131 ablation KW - follow-up KW - prognosis Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33346 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hildebrandt, Lysann T1 - Das Verhältnis von Muskel- und Knochenmasse bei Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen mit Anorexia nervosa, Hypophosphatasie, Kraniopharyngeom und rheumatischen Erkrankungen T1 - The relation of muscle mass and osseous mass with children and young adult with anorexia nervosa, hypophosphatasia, craniopharyngeoma and rheumatism illnesses N2 - Ziel der Studie lag in der Analyse des Zusammenhangs von Muskel- und Knochenmasse als Surrogat für Kraft und Knochenfestigkeit. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden 265 gesunde und chronisch kranke Kinder und Jugendliche auf ihre Körperzusammensetzung untersucht.(Anorexia nervosa: 40, Hypophosphatasie: 10, Kraniopharyngeom: 12 und juveniles Rheuma: 68, Referenzgruppe: 79 gesunde weissrussische Mädchen und 56 Jungen). Die Untersuchungsergebnisse der DXA Messungen bestätigen , dass die Knochenmasse als Surrogat für Festigkeit eng mit der Muskelmasse korreliert. Mit zunehmender Muskelmasse steigt auch der BMC an. Die Ergebnisse der Studie stehen im Einklang mit dem von Frost postuliertem Regelkreis, der einen kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen Muskelkraft und Knochenfestigkeit beschrieb. Generell zeigte sich, dass das Surrogat Knochendichte diesen Zusammenhang weniger scharf beschreibt als die Knochenmasse. Darüber hinaus fanden sich Störungen des Regelkreises, deren Ursachen zum Teil Gegenstand der Abklärung in weiterführenden Studien bleiben. N2 - The aim of the study lay in the analysis of the connection of muscle mass and osseous mass as a surrogate for strength and osseous firmness. In the present work 265 became recovers and chronically ill children and youngsters on her body composition examined. (anorexia nervosa: 40, hypophosphatasia: 10, craniopharyngeoma: 12 and juvenile rheumatisms: 68, authoritative group: 79 healthy Belorussian girls and 56 boys). The investigation results of the measurements DXA confirm that the osseous mass correlates as a surrogate for firmness closely with the muscle mass. With increasing muscle mass also rises of the BMC. The results of the study stand in the harmony with the control circuit postulated by „Frost“ which described a causal connection between muscular strength and osseous firmness.In general appeared that the surrogate describes osseous density this connection less sharply than the osseous mass. In addition, disturbances of the control circuit whose causes remain partly an object of the clarification in continuing studies were found. KW - Knochenstoffwechsel KW - Knochen KW - Knochenartefakt KW - Muskelstoffwechsel KW - Appetitlosigkeit KW - Rheumatismus KW - Deutsche Rheuma-Liga KW - Osteologie KW - Kraniopharyngiom KW - Cortison KW - Rheumatismus KW - Deutsche Rheuma-Liga KW - Osteologie KW - Kraniopharyngiom KW - Cortison KW - Rheumatism KW - German rheumatic league KW - Osteologie KW - Craniopharyngioma KW - Cortison Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30414 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hüller, Mareike T1 - Stellenwert der basalen im Vergleich zur Pentagastrin-stimulierten Kalzitoninbestimmung in der Nachsorge des C-Zellkarzinoms T1 - Significance of basal Calcitonin compared to Pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin in the follow-up of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma N2 - Der spezifischste und sensitivste biochemische Tumormarker in der Diagnostik und Verlaufskontrolle des MTC ist Kalzitonin. Der hCT-Spiegel sollte nach totaler Thyreoidektomie nicht mehr messbar sein. Ein messbares hCT weist nach Therapie auf ein Rezidiv oder eine Metastasierung hin. Die hCT-Sekretion kann durch Gastrin stimuliert werden, was beim Pentagastrin-Stimulationstest genutzt wird. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, welchen Stellenwert die Bestimmung des basalen Kalzitonin im Vergleich zum Pentagastrin-stimulierten hCT in der Nachsorge des MTC einnimmt. Hierzu wurden 129 Pentagastrintests von MTC-Patienten der Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin der Universität Würzburg retrospektiv ausgewertet. Bei sechs Prozent der Patienten fand sich nach anfänglicher biochemischer Remission ein hCT-Anstieg. Die im Pentagastrintest stimulierten hCT-Werte zeigten den Anstieg früher an als die lediglich basal gemessenen Werte. Das Ergebnis dieser Arbeit lässt den Schluss zu, dass der Pentagastrintest weiterhin ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der Nachsorge von Patienten mit MTC ist, da die stimulierten hCT-Werte im Einzelfall eine noch subklinische residuelle Erkrankung, Metastasierung oder ein Rezidiv frühzeitig detektieren. N2 - Calcitonin is the most specific and most sensitive biochemical marker in diagnostic investigation and follow up of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. hCT-level should be incapable of measurement after complete thyroidectomie. A measurable hCT after therapy indicates recrudescence or metastases. hCT-secretion can be stimulated by gastrin, which is used in the pentagastrin-stimulationtest. In the context of this study the significance of basal calcitonin compared to pentagastrin-stimulated hCT in the after-care of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma was analysed. Therefore 129 pentagastrin-tests of MTC-patients from the ´Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin der Universität Würzburg´ were evaluated retrospectively. In a percentage of 6 an increase of hCT could be found after initial biochemical remission. The pentagastrin-stimulated hCT-values indicated the increase earlier than the basal values. To draw a conclusion the pentagastrin-stimulationtest remains an important component in the follow-up of patients with MTC because stimulated hCT-levels can - in individual cases - detect subclinical residual disease, metastases or recrudescence early. KW - Calcitonin KW - basales Calcitonin KW - stimuliertes Calcitonin KW - Pentagastrin-Stimulationstest KW - medulläres Schilddrüsencarcinom KW - basal calcitonin KW - stimulated calcitonin KW - Pentagastrin-stimulationtest KW - medullary thyroid carcinoma Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37292 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wagner, Katrin T1 - Manuelle versus automatisierte Bestimmung von Schilddrüsenantikörpern: Vergleich des VarELISA mit dem KRYPTOR T1 - Manual versus automated measurement of thyroid antibodies: Comparison of the VarELISA and KRYPTOR System N2 - In dieser Studie wurden zwei Immunoassays zur Bestimmung von TG- und TPO-Antikörpern hinsichtlich diagnostischer Trennschärfe sowie klinischer Relevanz in der Diagnostik der chronischen lymphozytären Thyreoiditis-Hashimoto (CLT) untersucht. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurden zwei Patientengruppen erfasst: ein Kollektiv mit der Diagnose CLT (n=203) und das sogenannte Normalkollektiv, das 205 Probanden umfasste. Die diagnostischen Kriterien zur Diagnosestellung CLT ergaben sich aus dem Zusammenspiel von klinischem Befund, Ultraschalluntersuchung und Antikörpertiter. Verglichen wurden der an der Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin der Universität Würzburg für die Routinediagnostik eingesetzte manuelle VarELISA TG und TPO Antibodies Assay, PHARMACIA Diagnostics mit dem automatisierten BRAHMS anti-TGn bzw. anti-TPOn KRYPTOR Assay. Die Bestimmung der Ergebnisse bei TPO-AK zeigte, dass die von KRYPTOR gemessenen Werte im Mittel um 2670,51 U/ml höher lagen als bei VarELISA. Bei TG-AK wurden die Konzentrationen auf der Plattform KRYPTOR allerdings um 325,07 U/ml niedriger gemessen als bei VarELISA; es zeigte sich bei TG-AK somit ein umgekehrtes Verhältnis. Des Weiteren wurde eine relativ gute Übereinstimmung zwischen beiden Assays (Kappa-Koeffizient nach Cohen = 0,63) bei der Bestimmung der TPO-Antikörper festgestellt; 86,8% der Seren wurden als konkordant bewertet. Demgegenüber stehen 65,4% in ihrem subjektiven Urteil übereinstimmende Ergebnisse bei der TG-Antikörper Bestimmung, was für eine schwache Übereinstimmung der TG-AK-Werte spricht (Kappa-Koeffizient nach Cohen = 0,31). Zudem ist die diagnostische Trennschärfe bei TPO-AK höher (Area under Curve = 0,929) als bei TG-AK (Area under Curve = 0,805); somit unterscheidet KRYPTOR bei der Bestimmung der TPO-AK besser zwischen „gesunden“ und „erkrankten“ Patienten als VarELISA. Bei der Messung der TPO-AK auf der Plattform KRYPTOR zeigte sich bei dem dem Cut-Off (vom Hersteller auf 60 U/ml festgelegt) am nächsten liegenden Wert (59,9 U/ml) sowohl eine hohe Sensitivität (81,4%) als auch Spezifität (97,6%). Bei der TG-AK Messung lag bei dem Cut-Off Wert von 59,8 U/ml bei hoher Spezifität (99,5%) die Sensitivität sehr niedrig (43,6%), d.h. viele Patienten wurden als falsch negativ eingestuft. Aus der Auswertung geht ein optimaler Schwellenwert von 67,2 U/ml für TPO-AK und 40,7 U/ml für TG-AK hervor, wobei der vom Hersteller angegebene Cut-Off Wert für beide AK 60 U/ml beträgt. Mittels neu ermitteltem Cut-Off Wert (67,2 U/ml) konnte bei TPO-AK eine Steigerung der Spezifität auf 99,5% bei unveränderter Sensitivität erreicht werden. Dementsprechend erbrachte der Cut-Off Wert von 40,7 U/ml eine Steigerung der Sensitivät auf 50% bei gleich bleibender Spezifität bei TG-AK. Die Bestimmung des Antikörperprofils in den beiden Testsystemen zeigte somit, insbesondere bei TG-AK, häufig diskrepante Ergebnisse. Dies belegt erneut die bekannte Problematik bei der Labordiagnostik der CLT. Ursächlich sind Affinitätsunterschiede und unterschiedliche Kalibrierungen der verwendeten Tests sowie das Fehlen einer Standardisierung zu diskutieren. Darüber hinaus bestätigen die Ergebnisse die Notwendigkeit einer Definition eines institutionellen Cut-Offs. N2 - A comparison of two different immunoassays in the clinical investigation of autoimmune thyroid disease was carried out. The manual Immunoassay VarELISA was compared to the fully automated KRYPTOR system regarding clinical relevance and diagnostic accuracy. On both assays thyroid peroxidase antibodiese (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab) were measured. The study was held on two groups: a normal population (n=205) and a group of patients (n=205) who had been diagnosed Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We found out "optimal" cut-offs (despite the manufacturer's data of 60 U/ml) for both antibodies regarding better sensitivity and specificity: these were 67,2 U/ml for TPO-ab and 40,7 U/ml for TG-Ab. Overall there was a benefit in the assessment of TPO-Ab on the fully automated Immunoassay KRYPTOR whereas we often found discrepant results in the measurement of TG-Ab. KW - Schilddrüse KW - Immunoassay KW - Autoantikörper KW - Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis KW - TG-Antikörper KW - TPO-Antikörper KW - manuelle Messung KW - automatisierte Messung KW - thyroid gland KW - immunoassay KW - antibodies KW - hashimoto thyroiditis Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-52011 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wäschle, Katharina T1 - Der Einfluss heterophiler Antikörper auf die Thyreoglobulinbestimmung bei Patienten mit differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom T1 - The impact of heterophile antibodies on the measurement of serum thyroglobulin in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients N2 - In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der mögliche Einfluß von heterophilen Antikörpern auf die Thyreoglobulinbestimmung in der Nachsorge beim Patienten mit differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom untersucht. Dazu wurde bei 201 Patientenseren der Thyreoglobulinwert auf herkömmliche Weise und in einer Parallelbestimmung nach Vorbehandlung mit heterophilen Antikörper blocking tubes bestimmt. Dieses Vorgehen ermöglichte es, einen direkten Vergleich beider Messergebnisse anzustellen und einen möglichen Einfluß heterophiler Antikörper aufzudecken. Darüber hinaus wurde das selbe Verfahren bei einer heterogenen Kontrollgruppe angewandt. In 99% der Proben ergab sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Messergebnissen. Somit ist ein Einfluß von heterophilen Antikörpern auf die Thyreoglobulinbestimmung bei Patienten mit differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom unwahrscheinlich. N2 - The aim of the study was to determine the impact of heterophile antibodies on the measurement of serum thyroglobulin, thyroglobulin recovery, and thyroglobulin antibody levels in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients. We studied serum samples of 201 individual patients that were followed in our hospital for differentiated thyroid carcinoma and 52 control samples. Samples were split; half were treates by incubating the sample for 1 h in HAB-blocking tubes, the remainder was left untreated. Subsequently thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin antibodies levels were measured in both the blockes and untreated samples. As result heterophile antibody interference is not a factor to be reckoned with in the daily practice of Tg measurement in the treatment and follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients. KW - Thyreoglobulin KW - Antikörper KW - Heterophile Antikörper KW - Differenziertes Schilddrüsenkarzinom KW - Thyreoglobulinbestimmung KW - thyroglobulin KW - heterophile antibodies KW - measurement of serum thyroglobulin Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54609 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kirchgäßner, Christoph T1 - Bestimmung von Referenzbereichen für die Schilddrüsenhormonparameter TSH, fT3 und fT4 bei Neugeborenen, Kindern und Jugendlichen T1 - Reference values of thyroid hormones TSH, fT3 and fT4 for newborns, children and teenagers N2 - Neubestimmung der Referenzbereiche für die Schilddrüsenhormonparameter TSH, fT3 und fT4 für Kinder von der Geburt bis zum 18. Lebensjahr mittels Immulite Immunoassay. N2 - Creation of new reference values for thyroid hormones TSH, fT3 and fT4 for children using the Immulite immunoassay KW - Schilddrüse KW - Thyreotropin KW - Thyroxin KW - Normalwert KW - fT3 KW - fT4 KW - Immulite KW - Immunoassay KW - Referenzbereiche KW - reference values KW - thyroid KW - TSH KW - fT3 KW - fT4 Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54090 ER - TY - THES A1 - Maiweg, Eva T1 - Korrelation von pQCT-Messwerten am distalen Radius (XCT 2000) und an der distalen Tibia (XCT 3000) T1 - Correlation of pQCT results at the distal radius (XCT 2000) and the distal tibia (XCT 3000) N2 - Die Osteoporose ist als häufigste Knochenerkrankung im Alter die Ursache vieler Beeinträchtigungen. Definiert wird sie über die Knochendichte, die unter anderem mit der peripheren quantitativen Computertomographie (pQCT) bestimmt werden kann. Mit unseren Daten aus Knochendichtemessungen per pQCT am distalen Radius (XCT 2000) und an der distalen Tibia (XCT 3000) konnten wir im Tukey-HSD-Test zeigen, dass die Knochendichteparameter an oberer und unterer Extremität gut miteinander korrelieren. Es wurden die trabekuläre und die totale Dichte sowie der polare stress-and-strain-Index berücksichtigt. Die trabekuläre Knochendichte an der Tibia, dem gewichtstragenden Knochen, ist höher als die am Radius. Einflussnahme auf die Knochendichte konnte mittels Regressionsanalyse für das Alter, das Geschlecht, die Größe, das Gewicht und den BMI nachgewiesen werden. Die altersbedingte Abnahme der Knochendichte ist an der Tibia stärker ausgeprägt als am Radius. Bei der Frau bedingt eine hohe totale Dichte am Radius eine höhere Festigkeit an der Tibia als bei entsprechenden Dichtewerten beim Mann. Unter Mitberücksichtigung des Alters steigt die Festigkeit an der Tibia beim Mann mit den Jahren an. Bei der Frau sinkt sie, wie auch am Radius, mit steigendem Alter. Das Gewicht nimmt signifikanten Einfluss auf die untere Extremität, nicht jedoch auf den Radius. Die Betrachtung des BMI zeigt, dass nicht die reine Gewichtszunahme sondern die Kombination aus Größe und Gewicht diesen positiven Effekt erzielen, Fettleibigkeit ab dem Adipositasgrad aber einen negativen Einfluss auf die Knochendichte und -festigkeit hat. N2 - As a common bone disease in elderly patients osteoporosis is a cause of severe physical impairment. It is defined by bone mineral density (BMD), which can be determined by peripheral quantitative computer tomography (pQCT). Our data from BMD measurements made by pQCT at the distal radius (XCT 2000) and at the distal tibia (XCT 3000) shows through application of the Tukey-HSD-tests that BMD values at the upper and lower extremities correlate with each other. Total and trabecular BMD as well as the polar stress-and-strain index are considered. Trabecular BMD at the body weight bearing distal tibia is higher than at the distal radius. Influence on BMD was verified by regression analysis for age, sex, height, weight and BMI. Age-related decrease of BMD is more distinct at the tibia than at the radius. In women high total BMD accounts for higher strength at the tibia than it does for corresponding values in men. Considering age, strength of the tibia increases in men during the years. In women it decreases, like it does at the radius. Weight has significant influence on the lower extremity, however not on the radius. Regarding the BMI, not just an increase in mass but a combination of weight and height causes this positive effect. Obesity above level I has a negative influence on BMD and bone strength. KW - pQCT KW - Radius KW - Tibia KW - XCT 2000 KW - XCT 3000 KW - pQCT KW - radius KW - tibia Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-49364 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dießl, Stefanie T1 - Implementierung und Evaluation einer integrierten E-Learning-Plattform für die Nuklearmedizin T1 - Evaluation of an Internet-based e-Learning module to introduce Nuclear Medicine to medical students N2 - Zum Thema „Implementierung und Evaluation einer integrierten E-Learning-Plattform für die Nuklearmedizin“ wurde zu Beginn zunächst auf die drei existierenden Lerntheorien - Behaviorismus, Kognitivismus und Konstruktivismus - näher eingegangen, diese miteinander verglichen und in der Folge eine Verbindung zu computerunterstützten Lernprogrammen hergestellt. In Ergänzung dazu wurde der Begriff „E-Learning“ als Kernpunkt des Dissertationsthemas recherchiert und aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln erörtert. Um feststellen zu können, ob die Einführung eines E-Learning-Angebots im Fachgebiet Nuklearmedizin für die Medizinstudenten des 6. Semesters „gewinnbringend“ ist, wurden für den Kurs „Grundlagen radiologischer Verfahren“ an der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 20 Patientenfälle aus der hiesigen Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin erstellt und diese mittels Fallplayer CaseTrain für das Internet generiert. Im Anschluss wurden zur Qualitätskontrolle des Projekts drei ausgewählte Fälle bearbeitet und evaluiert. Es wurden insgesamt 128 Beurteilungen ausgewertet, diese zeigten als wichtigstes Ergebnis, dass sich nach Einschätzung der Evaluierenden ihr Interesse und Wissen am bzw. im Fach Nuklearmedizin nach der Bearbeitung des E-Learning-Kurses signifikant erhöht haben. Aussagekräftig ist auch die Erkenntnis, dass nahezu 100% der Studierenden den Einsatz von computerunterstützten Lernmedien für das Humanmedizinstudium generell für sinnvoll erachten, nur 3% der Befragten eine künftige Benutzung des Programms ablehnten und die Benotung in Bezug auf Fallinhalt und Softwarebedienung überdurchschnittlich gut ausfiel. Aus diesem Grund erscheint es nach Ansicht der Verfasserin sinnvoll, elektronisches Lernen mit der Präsenzlehre im Sinne des „Blended Learning“ zu kombinieren. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Kurs „NUKlearn“ über die Plattform der Virtuellen Hochschule Bayern künftig öffentlich angeboten. N2 - Background: The advent of electronic learning, the so-called e-learning, offers new possibilities for instruction in addition to traditional face-to-face teaching in the education of medical students. Aim: To evaluate the additional educational value of a voluntary e-learning module in a Nuclear Medicine course for 3rd year medical students. Methods: 20 exemplary Nuclear Medicine patient cases from our department were developed for e-learning purposes and presented on the internet using the web-based training program “CaseTrain”. Subsequently three selected test cases were handled and evaluated by an unselected population of 3rd year medical students. Results: 128 students studied the three patient cases and filled out the evaluation questionnaire completely. The most important result is that both the interest in and subjective feeling of knowledge level regarding the specialized field of Nuclear Medicine had increased significantly after working through the three e-learning cases. 97% of the evaluating students considered the use of computer based learning useful. The subjective grading of the content of the cases and the handling of the software were graded with high marks by the participants; 1.9 and 2.0 respectively on a linear scale with 1 being best and 6 being worst. Conclusion: The addition of e-learning to face-to-face teaching as a form of “blended learning” is highly appreciated by medical students, and will provide an effective medium for bringing better understanding of Nuclear Medicine to future colleagues. KW - E-learning KW - Medizinerausbildung KW - Nuklearmedizin KW - CaseTrain KW - Evaluation KW - E-learning KW - medical education KW - nuclear medicine KW - CaseTrain KW - evaluation Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-52643 ER - TY - THES A1 - Doyle, Patricia T1 - Neubestimmung des Referenzbereiches für Serum-Calcitonin basal sowie nach Stimulation mit Pentagastrin bzw. Calcium bei gesunden Probanden T1 - Determination of a new reference range for human Calcitonin after intravenous stimulation with Pentagastrin versus Calcium N2 - Ziel: Im Mittelpunkt dieser prospektiven Studie steht die Neubestimmung eines geschlechtspezifischen Referenzbereiches für Calcitonin-Konzentrationen, sowohl basal als auch nach Stimulation mit Pentagastrin bzw. Calcium unter Verwendung eines vollautomatischen Assays (Analyseautomat IMMULITE®2000). Aufgrund des gewählten Studiendesigns ist es möglich, die Wertigkeit des etablierten Pentagastrin-Stimulationstests im Vergleich zu einem alternativen Calcium-Stimulationstest zu beurteilen. Methodik: Insgesamt wurden 50 schilddrüsengesunde, nichtrauchende Versuchspersonen (davon 25 weiblich) im Alter von 20 bis 60 Jahren (Mittelwert: 33 Jahre) in die Studie eingeschlossen. Im Vorfeld wurde bei jedem Probanden mittels sonographischer und labortechnischer Untersuchungen (fT3, FT4, TSH, TPO-Antikörper, TG-Antikörper) das Vorliegen krankhafter Veränderungen der Schilddrüse ausgeschlossen. Um einen intraindividuellen Vergleich der intravenösen Stimulationsverfahren zu ermöglichen, erfolgten die Stimulationsversuche unter gleichen Bedingungen (Nahrungskarenz >4h) in einem zeitlichen Abstand von mehreren Wochen. Die Anzahl der Probanden, die an beiden Versuchen teilnahmen, lag bei 42 (davon 18 Frauen). Die Durchführung des Pentagastrin-Tests erfolgte nach dem in unserer Klinik etablierten Protokoll: 0,5 μg Pentagastrin/ kg Körpergewicht Injektion innerhalb von 10 sec.. Die Dosierung des Stimulans Calcium richtete sich nach Angaben der Literatur. Die Stimulation mit Calcium wurde mit Calciumgluconatlösung durchgeführt (2,5 mg Calcium/kg Körpergewicht, mit einer Injektionsgeschwindigkeit von etwa 10ml/min). Vor der Stimulation wurde jeweils der basale Calcitoninspiegel bestimmt. Weitere Blutabnahmen erfolgten direkt im Anschluss an die Injektion sowie 2, 5 und 15 Minuten nach Injektionsende. Sämtliche Calcitoninkonzentrationen wurden mit Hilfe eines Festphasen, Enzym-markierten, Sandwich, immunometrischen Chemilunineszenz Assay (IMMULITE®2000 Calcitonin) bestimmt. Ergebnisse Bei der Betrachtung der 95. Perzentile des basalen Calcitoninspiegels zeigte sich kein deutlicher geschlechtspezifischer Unterschied (95. Perzentile: Männer: 5,0 pg/ml vs. Frauen: 5,7 pg/ml; Mittelwert: Männer: 2,6±1,3 pg/ml vs. Frauen 1,6±1,3 pg/ml). Bei den Stimulationsverfahren hingegen lagen die Calcitoninkonzentrationen in der Gruppe der Männer im Vergleich zur Gruppe der Frauen jeweils signifikant höher (Pentagastrin-Test: p=0,001; Calcium-Test: p=0,004; Mann-Whitney Test). In beiden Testverfahren wurde der Calcitonin Peak nach 2 bis 5 Minuten erreicht. Bei der Gegenüberstellung des Pentagastrin-Tests und des Calcium-Tests bewirkte letzterer den größeren Calcitoninanstieg (Männer: p<0,001, Frauen: p<0,001). Im Einzelnen lag der Wert der 95. Perzentile – zum Zeitpunkt der 2-Minuten-Messung - für Männer im Pentagastrin-Test bei 37,8 pg/ml (Frauen: 26,2 pg/ml) und im Calcium Test bei 95,4 pg/ml (Frauen: 90,2 pg/ml). Die Daten zeigten keinen Anhalt für einen Einfluss von Alter oder Gewicht. Schlussfolgerung Die mit Hilfe eines verbreiteten Analyseautomaten ermittelten geschlechtsspezifischen Referenzbereiche für Calcitonin liegen unterhalb der bisherigen für andere Messverfahren erarbeiteten Angaben. Bei einem schilddrüsengesunden Kollektiv bewirkte die Stimulation mit Calcium im Vergleich zu Pentagastrin einen stärkeren Calcitoninanstieg. N2 - Background: Calcitonin (hCT) - produced by the C-cells of the thyroid gland - plays an essential part in diagnosis and follow-up of medullary thyroid cancer. To increase specificity of this tumor marker, several stimulation tests have been developed e.g. pentagastrin-stimulation test. Since pentagastrin is no longer available in the United States of America, it seems important to evaluate whether calcium stimulation is equivalent to pentagastrin stimulation for this purpose. Our aim was to investigate healthy adults in order to determine the normal range of stimulated serum hCT levels (applying the two-site chemiluminescent immunometric assay IMMULITE®2000 Calcitonin) and to compare intravenous calcitonin stimulation in an intraindividual study set-up using either pentagastrin or calcium as agent. Methods: Having obtained approval from the local Ethics Committee we included 50 healthy, non-smoking volunteers aged 22 - 57 years (25 women) showing no evidence of thyroid abnormality in a preceding screening. 42 subjects – after having given written informed consent – participated in both intravenous stimulation tests, which were performed on separate days using either Pentagastrin (0.5 μg/kg bodyweight over 10 seconds) or calcium gluconate 10% (calcium 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight at a rate of 10ml/min). Tested subjects were committed to fasting before stimulation; drawing of blood samples (at baseline, immediately after application and after 2, 5 and 15 min.). We used a solid phase, enzyme-labeled, two-site chemiluminescent immunometric assay (IMMULITE 2000 Calcitonin) to measure serum hCT. Results: Baseline values did not differ significantly between males and females (mean: 2.6±1.3 vs. 1.6±1.3 pg/ml; 95th percentile 5.0 vs. 5.7 pg/ml). Calcium yielded a greater rise in hCT than did pentagastrin (men: p<0.001; women: p<0.001). Referring to the value of the 95th percentile: after Pentagastrin stimulation maximal hCT-peak of 37.8 pg/ml in men (26.2 pg/ml in women); after calcium stimulation maximal hCT-peak of 95.4 pg/ml in men (90.2pg/ml in women). Conclusions: We established a reference range for basal and stimulated hCT for healthy adults using an automated chemiluminescent assay, which are lower than reported for other methods. Our results emphasize that adequate reference values need to be validated individually for the assay used as well as for the method of stimulation. see also: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (Aug 2009, 94 (8): 2970-4) Potency and Tolerance of Calcitonin Stimulation with High-Dose Calcium versus Pentagastrin in Normal Adults. Patricia Doyle, Christian Düren, Kai Nerlich, Frederik A. Verburg, Inge Grelle, Hanne Jahn, Martin Fassnacht, Uwe Mäder, Christoph Reiners, and Markus Luster KW - Calcitonin KW - Referenzwert KW - Normalwert KW - Tumormarker KW - Schilddrüsenkrebs KW - Calcium KW - Immunoassay KW - Pentagastrin KW - Medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom KW - Stimulationstest KW - calciotonin KW - pentagastrin KW - reference value KW - medullary thyroid carcinoma Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-51805 ER - TY - THES A1 - Becker, Kilian T1 - Entwicklung eines 3D-Ganzkörper-Ultraschalls an Kleintieren für morphologische Bildgebung, Volumetrie und Bildfusion mit PET T1 - Development of a 3D whole-body ultrasound in small animals for morphological imaging, volumetry and image fusion with PET N2 - Einleitung: Ultraschall wird seit mehr als 50 Jahren in der Medizin eingesetzt und ist mittlerweile ein unverzichtbares diagnostisches Verfahren, es erlaubt eine nicht-invasive Darstellung der Morphologie und Funktion von Organen in Echtzeit. In der Kleintierbildgebung dominieren bisher zur morphologischen Bildgebung Computertomographie (CT) und Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT). Daher wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit die Idee entwickelt, die morphologischen Informationen des 3D-Ultraschalls (3D-US) für Untersuchungen an Kleintieren zu verwenden, außerdem sollten Methoden zur multimodalen Bildgebung und Bildfusion von 3D-US und Kleintier-Positronenemissionstomographie (PET) entwickelt werden. Der Vorteil des Ultraschalls gegenüber dem Kleintier-CT liegt in der fehlenden Strahlenbelastung und der guten Verfügbarkeit, was besonders für Verlaufsstudien von Interesse ist. Methoden und Ergebnisse: Zur Bildoptimierung wurde ein Fadenphantom entwickelt, welches aufgrund der feinen Strukturen die qualitative als auch quantitative Bestimmung der Auflösung ermöglicht. Die Vorarbeiten am Fadenphantom konnten exzellent die Probleme des 3D-Ultraschalls mit der achsenabhängigen Auflösung zeigen und ermöglichten eine schnelle Beurteilung der Bildqualität. Hier bestehen Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Bewertung verschiedener Ultraschallgeräte bezüglich der Tauglichkeit für 3D-Datenaquisition. Zur reproduzierbaren Lagerung von Mäusen wurde eine Schallkopfführung ein sowohl für 3D-US als auch Kleintier-PET kompatibler Tierhalter entwickelt. Die Maus lag zur Untersuchung im angewärmten Wasserbad auf dem Tierhalter fixiert, mit Inhalationsanästhesie und Sauerstoff über eine Atemmaske versorgt. Der Zeitaufwand für eine 3D-US-Untersuchung betrug für die Akquisition etwa eine Minute. Die generierten Ultraschalldatensätze waren von guter Qualität, Strukturen wie Leber, Nieren, Blase, Wirbelsäule und Lunge konnten selbst bei kleinen Mäusen von unter 20 Gramm Körpergewicht gut dargestellt werden. Zur Validierung des 3D-Ultraschalls wurde das Volumen verschiedener Organe und Tumore bestimmt und mit dem Goldstandard verglichen. Um die Koregistrierung mit der Kleintier-PET zu ermöglichen, wurden auf dem Tierhalter drei „fiducial markers“ angebracht, die Position und Orientierung eindeutig definieren. Die Kleintier-PET-Untersuchungen wurden nach standardisierten Protokollen durchgeführt. Die anschließende Bildfusion erfolgte mittels der frei verfügbaren Software "Amide". Diskussion: Mit dem in dieser Arbeit beschriebenen Verfahren ist eine standardisierte Gewinnung von 3D-US-Datensätzen an Kleintieren möglich; zusätzlich konnte die Machbarkeit der Bildfusion mit PET-Datensätzen gezeigt werden. Der Einsatz des 3D-Ultraschalls in longitudinalen Studien, zum Beispiel zur Beurteilung der Tumorprogression, ist vorstellbar. Die Zuverlässigkeit der volumetrischen Berechnungen ist für größere Organvolumina gut, bei kleineren Volumina besteht noch Optimierungsbedarf. Weitere Verbesserungen könnten durch den Einsatz von speziellen Schallköpfen und höheren Schallfrequenzen erzielt werden. N2 - Introduction: Ultrasound has been used for more than 50 years in medicine and has become a indispensable diagnostic tool, it allows a non-invasive imaging of the morphology and function of organs in real time. Small animal morphological imaging is now dominated by CT and MRI. For present study the idea to use morphological information of the 3D-ultrasound for examination of small animals was developed, these data should be used for image fusion of 3D ultrasound and small-animal PET. The advantage of ultrasound compared to the small-animal CT is the lack of radiation exposure and the good availability, which is especially for longitudinal studies of interest. Methods and Results: For image enhancement, a thread phantom was developed, fine structures facilitate qualitative and quantitative analysis of spatial resolution. Preliminary work on the thread phantom was excellent for investigate problems of 3D ultrasound with the axis-dependent resolution. There are potential applications for evaluating different ultrasonic devices in their suitability for 3D data acquisition. For the reproducible bedding of mice a guide bar for ultrasound transducer and a compatible holder for 3D-US and PET was developed. The mouse was bedded in the heated water bath fixed to the holder, applied inhalation anesthesia and oxygen through a breathing mask. The time required for a 3D ultrasound examination was for the acquisition of about one minute. The generated ultrasound data sets were of good quality, structures such as liver, kidney, bladder, spine and lungs were even in the case of small mice of 20 gram well represented. For validation of the 3D ultrasound volumes of various organs and tumors were determined and compared with gold standard. To allow coregistration with the microPET, three "fiducial markers" were attached to define the position and orientation. PET studies were performed according to standardized protocols. The subsequent image fusion was performed using the software "amide”. Discussion: In this study a standardized procedure for 3D-US of small animals was developed, in addition, the feasibility of image fusion with PET data sets was shown. The use of 3D ultrasound in longitudinal studies, for example, to assess tumor progression, is conceivable. The reliability of the volumetric calculations is good for large organ volumes, with smaller volumes, there is still need for improvement. Further improvements could be achieved through the use of special transducers and higher ultrasound frequencies. KW - Ultraschalldiagnostik KW - Nuklearmedizin KW - Würzburg / Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin KW - Molekulare Bildgebung KW - 3D-Ultraschall KW - dreidimensionaler Ultraschall KW - PET KW - Positronenemissionstomographie KW - Bildfusion KW - 3D ultrasound KW - three-dimensional ultrasound KW - PET KW - positron emission tomography KW - image fusion Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55916 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reiners, Christoph T1 - Clinical Experiences with Radiation Induced Thyroid Cancer after Chernobyl N2 - The risk of developing thyroid cancer increases considerably after exposure to external or internal radiation, especially in children below the age of 10. After the Chernobyl reactor accident, the yearly incidence of childhood thyroid cancer in Belarus increased to approximately 40 per 1.000.000 in girls and to roughly 20 per 1.000.000 in boys compared to approximately 0.5 cases per 1.000.000 prior to the accident. Typically, young children with thyroid cancer after radiation exposure present in ≈95% of the cases as papillary cancers, in ≈50% as invasive tumors growing outside the thyroid capsule, in ≈65% with lymph node metastases and in ≈15% with distant metastases. A joint Belarusian-German project starting in April 1993 that combined treatment with surgery and radioiodine was organized in 237 selected children from Belarus who were exposed to the Chernobyl fallout and had advanced stages of thyroid cancer. The study group included 141 girls and 96 boys. Their median age at the time of the accident was 1.7 years; whereas the median age at the time of diagnosis was 12.4 years. With the exception of two cases with follicular histology, the majority of the patients had been diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancers. In 63%, the tumor had grown outside the thyroid capsule and invaded the tissue of the neck (pT4). Nearly all of the selected cases (96%) showed-up with lymph node metastases (pN1) and 43% of the patients with distant metastases mainly to the lungs (pM1). In 58% of the children, complete remissions of thyroid cancer could be achieved until December 31st 2010 and in 34% of the children, stable partial remissions; in the remaining 8% of the patients, partial remissions were observed. The risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancer increased considerably in children and adolescents who were affected by the Chernobyl reactor accident. In spite of the fact, that thyroid cancers in young children seem to behave more aggressively than in older patients, the results of combined treatment with thyroidectomy, radioiodine therapy and thyroid hormone replacement are excellent. KW - Chernobyl KW - Chernobyl KW - children KW - thyroid cancer KW - advanced stages KW - treatment KW - prognosis Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75475 ER - TY - THES A1 - Offenberger, Katrin T1 - Prognosefaktoren des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms : Retrospektive Analyse bei 1174 Patienten des interdisziplinären Tumorregisters der Universität Würzburg T1 - Prognostic factors of differentiated thyroid carcinoma - a retrospective analysis of 1174 patients at the multidisciplinary tumor registry of the University of Würzburg N2 - In der vorliegenden retrospektiven Analyse wurden Prognosefaktoren des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinomes untersucht anhand eines Patientenkollektiv von 1174 Patienten, die im Zeitraum von 01.01.1980 bis 31.12.2004 an der Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin der Universität Würzburg eine Behandlung erhielten bzw. betreut wurden. Analysiert wurden sowohl tumorbezogene Prognosefaktoren wie Histologie, Tumorstadien, Lymphknotenstatus und Fernmetastasierung, zudem patientenspezifische Faktoren wie Alter und Geschlecht. Bezüglich dieser Prognosefaktoren konnten wir die Daten früherer Jahre am Patientengut der Würzburger nuklearmedizinischen Klinik bestätigen. Außerdem wurde die Auswirkung auf das krankheitsfreie Überleben in Abhängigkeit der postoperativen Tumorfreiheit und nach einer erfolgten Radioiodtherapie untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden kritisch in den Kontext der aktuellen Studienlage gestellt. N2 - This retrospective analysis discusses the significance of prognostic factors of differentiated thyroid carcinoma among a patient cohort of 1174 patients treated at the Clinic and Policlinic for Nuclear Medicine at the University of Wuerzburg between 1980 and 2004. It shows both tumor-related prognostic factors such as histology, tumor stage, lymph node status and distant metastasis, as well as patient-specific factors such as age and gender. With respect to these prognostic factors, we could confirm the results of earlier data of the patient population at the Clinic and Policlinic for Nuclear Medicine at the University of Wuerzburg. In addition, this work shows data for the disease-free survival in dependence of a complete postoperative resection and after a successful radioiodine therapy. The results will be critically reviewed in the context of the current international evidence. KW - Schilddrüse KW - Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörung KW - Schilddrüsenkrankheit KW - Schilddrüsenkrebs KW - Kurzfristige Prognose KW - Langfristige Prognose KW - follikulär KW - differenziert KW - papillär KW - tumorregister KW - thyroid cancer KW - prognosis KW - tumor registry KW - retrospective analysis KW - differentiated Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-65534 ER - TY - THES A1 - Moritz, Maria Christine T1 - Experimentelle Induktion von Sprunggelenksfrakturen bei Osteoporose: biomechanischer Vergleich unterschiedlicher Plattenosteosynthesen an humanen Unterschenkeln T1 - Experimental induction of ankle fractures in osteoporotic bones: biomechanical comparsion of locking versus conventional plates N2 - In 20 humanen, osteoporotischen Unterschenkeln wurde versucht eine Lauge-Hansen Supination-Eversions-Verletzung Stadium II zu reproduzieren. In 15 der 18 auswertbaren Proben waren Außenknöchelfrakturen induzierbar. Die Voraussetzung für die erfolgreiche Frakturinduktion war eine Mindestknochen- und Spongiosadichte des Außenknöchels gemessen mit pQCT an Innen- und Außenknöchel. Ansonsten kam es nur zu ligamentären fibularen oder tibialen Avuslionen. Entscheidend, ob eine Außenknöchelfraktur auf Höhe der Syndesmose oder distal entstand, war eine effektive, lateral gerichtete talofibulare Kraft. Jeweils sechs der 15 Außenknöchelfrakturen wurden mit winkelstabilen und nicht winkelstabilen Konturenplatten versorgt und biomechanisch getestet. Mit p kleiner 0,05 konnte signifikant gezeigt werden, dass zum Versagen der winkelstabilen Konturenplatte ein höheres Drehmoment und ein größere Außenrotation nötig waren, als für die nicht winkelstabilen Konturenplatte. Neben der biomechanischen Überlegenheit der winkelstabilen Konturenplatte konnte gezeigt werden, dass ihr Versagen im Gegensatz zur nicht winkelstabilen Konturenplatte unabhängig ist von der Knochendichte des Außenknöchels. N2 - A Lauge-Hansen supination-external rotation fracture (LH SER II) was succeful reproduced in 15 of 18 human cadaveric ankles. The observed fracture pattern was a result of more than a simple external rotation deforming force applied to the supinated foot. It also depend on the presence of al laterally directed talofibular force an a BMD of the ankle over 90,6 mg/ccm. Otherwise you receive only ligament damage. Six fibular fractures were stabilized wiht conventional plates. Other six fibular fractures were stabilized with locking plates and biomechanical tested. Torque to failure (Nm) and angle at failure (degrees) were significantly greater on the side with locked plate than on the side with conventional plate. Our findings clearly demonstrate that the locking plate has greater biomechanical fixation properties than the conventional plates. In contrast to the failure of conventional plating the failure of locked plating was independent of the ankle BMD. KW - Sprungelenksfrakturen KW - biomechanischer Vergleich KW - winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthesen KW - Lauge-Hansen KW - supination-eversions-mechanismus KW - ankle fractures KW - osteoporosis KW - locked plates KW - Lauge-Hansen Supination-external rotation Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-65172 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eberlein, Uta A1 - Bröer, Jörn Hendrik A1 - Vandevoorde, Charlot A1 - Santos, Paula A1 - Bardiès, Manuel A1 - Bacher, Klaus A1 - Nosske, Dietmar A1 - Lassmann, Michael T1 - Biokinetics and dosimetry of commonly used radiopharmaceuticals in diagnostic nuclear medicine – a review JF - European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging N2 - Purpose The impact on patients’ health of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine diagnostics has not until now been evaluated systematically in a European context. Therefore, as part of the EU-funded Project PEDDOSE.NET (www.​peddose.​net), we review and summarize the current knowledge on biokinetics and dosimetry of commonly used diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. Methods A detailed literature search on published biokinetic and dosimetric data was performed mostly via PubMed (www.​ncbi.​nlm.​nih.​gov/​pubmed). In principle the criteria for inclusion of data followed the EANM Dosimetry Committee guidance document on good clinical reporting. Results Data on dosimetry and biokinetics can be difficult to find, are scattered in various journals and, especially in paediatric nuclear medicine, are very scarce. The data collection and calculation methods vary with respect to the time-points, bladder voiding, dose assessment after the last data point and the way the effective dose was calculated. In many studies the number of subjects included for obtaining biokinetic and dosimetry data was fewer than ten, and some of the biokinetic data were acquired more than 20 years ago. Conclusion It would be of interest to generate new data on biokinetics and dosimetry in diagnostic nuclear medicine using state-of-the-art equipment and more uniform dosimetry protocols. For easier public access to dosimetry data for diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals, a database containing these data should be created and maintained. KW - Dosimetry KW - Biokinetics KW - Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals KW - Effective dose Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133846 VL - 38 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angheloiu, George O. A1 - Hänscheid, Heribert A1 - Wen, Xiaoyan A1 - Capponi, Vincent A1 - Anderson, William D. A1 - Kellum, John A. T1 - Experimental first-pass method for testing and comparing sorbent polymers used in the clearance of iodine contrast materials JF - Blood Purification N2 - Background: Sorbents have been shown to adsorb iodinated radiocontrast media. Objective: In this study we describe a simple method to compare various sorbents in terms of capacity to adsorb radiocontrast media. Methods: Iodixanol solution was injected into columns filled with three types of sorbent at filtration velocities of increasing magnitude. Two variables of interest – contrast removal rate and matched iodine retention (MIR) – were calculated to measure the adsorption efficiency and the mass of contrast iodine adsorbed versus sorbent used, respectively. Results: The highest contrast removal and MIR for Porapak Q, CST 401 and Amberlite XAD4 were 41, 38 and 16% (p = 0.22 and 0.0005 for comparisons between Porapak Q-CST 401 and CST 401-Amberlite XAD4) and 0.060, 0.055 and 0.024, respectively (p = 0.18 and 0.0008). Extrapolation to a clinical scenario may suggest that removal of 8 ml iodixanol could be achieved by masses of sorbents of 43, 47 and 107 g, respectively. Conclusion: In this study we set a benchmark for comparing the radiocontrast-adsorbing efficiency of polymer sorbents during first-pass experiments, using a readily available methodology. KW - adsorption KW - acute renal failure KW - sorbents KW - iodine contrast Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199118 SN - 0253-5068 SN - 1421-9735 N1 - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. VL - 34 IS - 1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Münch, Annette T1 - Auf der Suche nach den verborgenen Jodquellen : Bestimmung des Jodgehaltes in Getränken T1 - Searching for the hidden Iodine in beverages N2 - Jod ist ein essentielles Spurenelement, welches der Mensch zur Aufrechterhaltung des ungestörten Schilddrüsenmetabolismus und davon beeinflussten verschiedenen Körperfunktionen benötigt. Weltweit gab und gibt es einen Jodmangel, der schwerwiegende gesundheitliche Folgen für das Individuum und wirtschaftliche Folgen für die Gesundheitssysteme des jeweiligen Landes hat. Auch Deutschland galt mit weiteren europäischen Ländern bis vor wenigen Jahren als Jodmangelgebiet. Durch intensive Aufklärungsarbeit und Programme zur Beseitigung des Jodmangels gelang es, diesen in vielen Ländern zu vermindern. Außer einer generellen Verwendung von Jodsalz in der Lebensmittelproduktion und den Privathaushalten, konnten noch weitere wichtige Jodquellen für die Bevölkerung in verschiedenen Studien belegt werden. Diese Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Ermittlung von Jodgehalt in Alltagsgetränken. Die Ergebnisse sind vergleichbar zu bereits veröffentlichen Studien und zeigen einen hohen Jodgehalt von Milch und Milchgetränken, sowie von Bier und Wein. Kein Jod in größeren Mengen hingegen enthält das regionale Leitungswasser, sowie Mineralwässer und diverse Fruchtsäfte. Somit kann der Verzehr von Milch und Milchgetränken und in Maßen auch Bier und Wein für eine jodreiche Ernährung empfohlen werden. Hingegen sollten Patienten in Vorbereitung zum Beispiel auf eine Radiojodtherapie Milch, Biere und Wein eher meiden und jodarme Getränke bevorzugen. N2 - Iodine is an essential trace element, which is required to maintain the undisturbed thyroid metabolism. It influences various body functions. Worldwide there is a lack of iodine which has serious health consequences for the individual. There are also economic consequences for the health systems of each country. A few years ago Germany was, with other European countries,a iodine deficiency area. With intensive educational work and programs for the elimination of iodine deficiency, it was possible to reduce the iodine deficiency in many countries. A general use of iodized salt in the food production and households, other important sources of iodine could be found in various studies. This study deals with the determination of iodine content in everyday drinks. The results are comparable to previously published studies and show a high iodine content of milk and milk-based drinks, as well as beer and wine. No iodine in larger amounts, however, contains the local tap water, mineral water and various fruit juices. The consumption of milk, milk-based drinks, beer and wine in moderation can be recommended for an iodine-rich diet. In contrast, patients in preparation for a radioiodine therapie shoud avoid milk, beer and wine. KW - Iod KW - Iodgehalt KW - Getränke KW - Iodine KW - iodine content Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85141 ER - TY - THES A1 - van Oorschot, Michaela T1 - Untersuchungen zur Aufnahme und zum Metabolismus von Fluor-18-markierten und von radiojodierten Fettsäuren in primär humanen Prostatakarzinomzelllinien und in einem experimentellen Modell eines humanen Prostatakarzinoms T1 - Analysis of uptake and metabolism of Fluor-18-labeled and radioactive-iodine labeled fatty acids in prostate cancer cells and in an experimental model of human prostate cancer N2 - Das Prostatakarzinom ist der häufigste bösartige Tumor des Mannes in den westlichen Industrieländern und die zweithäufigste tumorassoziierte Todesursache bei Männern weltweit. Für seine Diagnostik ist die Positronenemissionstomographie (PET) klinisch ein zunehmend wichtiges nicht-invasives bildgebendes Verfahren. Dennoch gibt es gegenwärtig noch kein geeignetes Radiopharmakon für die klinische Routineuntersuchung und die Charakterisierung des Prostatakarzinoms mit der PET. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Fettsäuren [18F]Fluorthiapalmitat (FTP) und 13-(4-[124/131I]Iodphenyl)-3-(p-phenylen)tridekansäure (PHIPA) hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung als Radiotracer für die PET zum Nachweis des Prostatakarzinoms in vitro und [18F]Fluorthiapalmitat auch in vivo untersucht. Methode: Für die Zellversuche wurden zwei hormonabhängige Zelllinien, LNCap und 22Rv1, und zwei hormonunabhängige Zelllinien DU145 und PC-3 verwendet. Nach Inkubation mit dem radioaktiven Tracer wurde die Höhe der Aufnahme im zeitlichen Verlauf mit Hilfe einer gamma-Kamera gemessen, sowie Untersuchungen zum Mechanismus der Aufnahme in die Zellen durchgeführt. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde die Aufnahme von [18F]FTP in ein heterotop implantiertes Prostatakarzinom in CD1-nu/nu-Nacktmäusen in vivo am Kleintier-PET bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Es zeigt sich sowohl für [18F]FTP als auch für [124/131I]PHIPA eine zeitabhängige Aufnahme in die Prostatakarzinomzellen mit Erreichen eines Plateaus. Dieses wird von der fluorierten Fettsäure [18F]FTP schneller erreicht als von der jodierten Fettsäure [124/131I]PHIPA. Das Plateau der Aufnahme liegt für [18F]FTP signifikant höher als für [124/131I]PHIPA. Desgleichen ist die maximal erreichte Aufnahme in die beiden hormonabhängigen Zelllinien LNCaP und 22Rv1 höher liegt, als in die hormonunabhängigen Zelllinien DU125 und PC-3. Im Rahmen von kompetitiven Inhibitorexperimenten mit Etomoxir konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Carnitin-Palmitoyltransferase einen wichtigen Aufnahmemechanismus für den Transport von [18F]FTP in die Zellen darstellt. Die Aufnahme von [124/131I]PHIPA in die Prostatakarzinomzellen wird durch Etomoxir nicht beeinflusst. Desgleichen lässt sich die Aufnahme sowohl von [18F]FTP als auch von [124/131I]PHIPA weder durch Koinkubation mit Angiotensin noch mit AICAR hemmen. Die Kleintier-PET-Untersuchungen zeigten eine relativ geringe Aufnahme von [18F]FTP in die Tumoren in vivo im Vergleich zur Akkumulation in Tumorzellen in vitro in der Zellkultur. Die Abgrenzung des Tumors mittels [18F]FTP-PET war zwar möglich, jedoch insgesamt noch nicht zufriedenstellend. Die Diskrepanz zwischen Daten aus Zellexperimenten in vitro und Ergebnissen aus tierexperimentellen Untersuchungen in vivo am Kleintier-PET kann noch nicht erklärt werden. Schlussfolgerung: Insgesamt legen die positiven Ergebnisse der in vitro Experimente mit [18F]FTP und [124/131I]PHIPA einen Grundstein für fortführende in vivo Bewertungen dieser Radiopharmaka mit dem Ziel, das Potential als mögliches Radiopharmakon zur Darstellung des Prostatakarzinoms abschließend klären zu können. N2 - Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in man in the western civilisation and the second leading cause of cancer death in man all over the world. For its diagnosis positron emission tomography (PET) is an increasing important tool as a noninvasive procedure. Very few tracers are currently available to detect and stage prostate cancer with PET. This study is an analysis of the uptake and the metabolism of [18F]Fluorthiapalmitat (FTP) und 13-(4-[124/131I]Iodphenyl)-3-(p-phenylen)tridekansäure (PHIPA) in prostate cancer cells and for [18F]FTP in an experimental model of human prostate cancer to evaluate the potential as an imaging agent for prostate cancer. Methods: In vitro experiments were performed with LNCap and 22Rv1 (androgen-dependent) and DU145 and PC-3 (non androgen-dependent) human prostate cancer cell lines. The uptake of the radio-labeled fatty acids was evaluated, followed by analysis of the underlying mechanisms of the accumulation in tumor cells. Furthermore [18F]Fluorthiapalmitat was examined with small-animal PET in CD-1 nu/nu mice engrafted with human PC-3 prostate cancer heterotopically in the flank. Results: [18F]FTP and [124/131I]PHIPA accumulated intensively in primary human prostate cancer cells. The Uptake of [18F]FTP and [124/131I]PHIPA is a time dependent process which reaches saturation. The saturation of [18F]FTP in all cell lines is significantly higher than of [124/131I]PHIPA. Likewise, the saturation of the androgen-dependent cell lines is higher than of the non androgen-dependent cell lines. Inhibition experiments revealed that the carnitin-palmitoyltranferase is an important mechanism of [18F]FTP accumulation in prostate cancer cells, whereas Angiotensin and AICAR take no influence on the uptake of [18F]FTP and [124/131I]PHIPA. In vivo [18F]FTP accumulated less in the heterotopically prostate cancer of the CD-1 nu/nu mice than the in vitro results suggested, reaching 7.7 ± 3.9% injected dose per gram (ID/g). With [18F]FTP the visualisation of the tumor was possible, but the tumor-to-background contrast not satisfying. The gap between the positive in vitro results and the outcome of the small-animal PET could not be explained in the study. Conclusion: To evaluate the potential of [18F]FTP as a PET tracer, further experiments in vivo are necessary. Despite the in vivo results, the positive in vitro results suggest that [18F]FTP and [124/131I]PHIPA are promising candidates as radiotracer for detecting prostate cancer and warrant further studies in vivo. KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie KW - Prostatakarzinom KW - PET KW - Fettsäure KW - [18F]FTP KW - [124/131I]PHIPA KW - Prostate cancer KW - PET KW - Fatty acids KW - [18F]FTP KW - [124/131I]PHIPA Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85295 ER - TY - THES A1 - Messerer, Nina T1 - Eine neue Methode zur Erfassung von Muskelkraft und Muskelleistung der unteren Extremitäten und ihr Zusammenhang mit dem Sturzrisiko T1 - A new technique to measure muscle force and muscle power of the lower limbs and the relation to the risk of falling N2 - Stürze im Alter stellen ein ernstzunehmendes und häufiges Geschehen im Alter dar. Die Gründe sind multifaktoriell bedingt, wobei die Sarkopenie einen wichtigen Stellenwert einnimmt. Eine an der Universität Würzburg entwickelte Bodenreaktionskraftmessplatte ermöglicht die Erfassung von Muskelkraft und Muskelleistung während natürlicher Bewegungsabläufe wie Kniebeugen oder Aufstehen von einem Stuhl. In dieser Pilotstudie wurde untersucht, ob dieses Messverfahren als Screeningmethode zur Erkennung von Muskelkraft und -leistungsdefiziten geeignet ist und ob ein Zusammenhang mit einem erhöhten Sturzvorkommen besteht. Bei 459 zu Hause lebenden mobilen Senioren zwischen dem 50. und 80. Lebensjahr wurde die Muskelkraft und Muskelleistung der unteren Extremitäten erfasst. Zudem wurden in einem Fragebogen Sturzrisikofaktoren und Stürze der letzten 12 Monate ermittelt. Die Befunde zum Abbau von Muskelkraft und -leistung decken sich mit der gegenwärtigen Studienlage. Im Zusammenhang mit den angegegebenen Stürzen könnte anhand der Ergebnisse insbesondere die Muskelleistung eine Screeningmethode zur Einschätzung des Sturzrisikos darstellen. Weiterführende Studien scheinen anhand der Ergebnisse gerechtfertigt. N2 - Falls in elderly are a serious and frequent event. The reasons are multi-attributed, in which the sarcopenia plays an important role. The University Würzburg developed a ground force reaction platform which allows for measuring muscle force and muscle power during natural movements. This pilot study examines if this technique is a practicable screening method for deficits in muscle force and muscle power, as well as their relation with an increased occurrence of falls. We measured the muscle force and muscle power in 459 mobile community dwelling elderly between the age of 50 to 80 performing knee bends and chair-rise. We recorded risk factors of falling and also falls in the past 12 months using a questionnaire. The results concerning the loss of muscle force and muscle power in age coincide with the current data. Regarding the reported falls, in particular muscle power could be a suitable method for calculating the risk of falls. In closing, further studies seem to be justified. KW - Muskelleistung KW - Kraftmessplatte KW - ground force reaction platform KW - Muskelkraft KW - Sarkopenie KW - Kraftmessung KW - Sturz KW - muscle force KW - muscle power KW - falls KW - sarcopenia Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85268 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schneider, Mara T1 - Effects of levothyroxine on bone mineral density, muscle force and bone turnover markers: A cohort study T1 - Langzeitwirkung von Levothyroxin auf Knochendichte, Muskelkraft und Knochenstoffwechsel: eine Kohortenstudie N2 - The objective of this prospective observational controlled study was to evaluate potential effects and dose-response relationship of LT4 administration on BMD, parameters of bone and muscle strength, and biochemical variables of calcium homoeostasis and bone turnover.Ninety-seven men and pre-menopausal women after near total thyroidectomy and ¹³¹I remnant ablation for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma or after strumectomy for non-toxic goitre were stratified by degree of TSH suppression and by gender in three subgroups: 28 men and 46 women on LT4 suppressive treatment and 23 women on LT4 replacement therapy. Patients were matched for age, gender and BMI to 89 healthy controls with a negative history of thyroid disease. Patients and controls were followed and studied for a mean time of 1.1±0.2 years. Peripheral volumetric total and trabecular BMD as well as bone strength (pQCT) were determined at the ultra-distal radius. Central areal BMD (DXA) was measured at the lumbar spine, left and right femoral neck as well as left and right total hip. Maximum grip strength (dynamometer) of the non-dominant forearm and serum markers of calcium and bone metabolism were assessed. BMD at the axial skeleton and muscle strength were not impaired by LT4 medication irrespective of gender, underlying diagnosis or treatment regimen. By contrast, a general trend of inversely affected total and trabecular BMD and of decreased bone strength was detected at the ultra-distal radius. Only in women on LT4 suppressive treatment, loss of total BMD at the ultra-distal radius reached a level of high significance. In women on LT4 replacement therapy, a significant decline of maximum grip strength appeared in comparison with female controls, while appendicular total and trabecular BMD as well as bone strength remained unchanged and did not differ from respective controls. In men on LT4 suppressive treatment, greater reduction of bone strength as compared to female thyroid cancer patients was marginally significant. Calcium balance was stable and serum concentrations of bone metabolism markers levelled off or rather decreased contradicting (high turnover) bone loss. The study did not reveal any dose-related differential influence of LT4 administration either on primary or secondary study endpoints in female patients. A gender-related difference of bone strength in response to LT4 suppressive treatment might not be excluded, as male thyroid cancer patients showed greater decline of bone strength despite unaffected peripheral BMD and muscle strength. In conclusion, there was only little evidence of adverse LT4 effects. For the most part, LT4 administration irrespective of degree of TSH suppression was not associated with low or accelerated loss of BMD at the peripheral and central skeleton and loss of bone and muscle strength, a finding also confirmed biochemically. The ultra-distal radius as a non-weight bearing skeletal site might be at risk for BMD reduction. According to the results, pre-menopausal women on LT4 suppressive therapy might be at risk of bone loss. The more complex approach of this study also took into account biomechanical qualities of bone material as well as structural and geometrical characteristics of bone architecture implying a causal muscle-bone interrelationship. N2 - Diese prospektive, kontrollierte Beobachtungsstudie untersuchte den Langzeiteinfluß einer medikamentösen Behandlung mit LT4, auch unter dem Aspekt einer Dosis-Wirkungsbeziehung, auf periphere und axiale Knochendichte, periphere Knochenfestigkeit und Muskelkraft (d.h. primäre Studienendziele) sowie auf Laborparameter des Kalziums- und Knochenstoffwechsels (d.h. sekundäre Studienendziele) bei Schilddrüsenkarzinom- und Strumapatienten/-innen. Das Patientenkollektiv umfasste 97 Männer und prämenopausale Frauen unter LT4-Dauermedikation wegen Thyroidektomie und ¹³¹I Ablationstherapie bei differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom oder einer Strumektomie bei euthyreoter Struma. Die Patienten wurden nach Geschlecht sowie Grad der TSH-Suppression, der abhängig von der vorliegenden Schilddrüsengrunderkrankung war, in drei Gruppen eingeteilt: 28 männliche und 46 prämenopausale Karzinompatienten/-innen unter TSH-suppressiver Therapie sowie 23 prämenopausale Strumapatientinnen unter physiologischer Schilddrüsenhormonsubstitution. 89 gesunde Freiwillige mit negativer Schilddrüsenanamnese dienten als Kontrollen, die bezüglich Alter, Geschlecht und BMI angepaßt waren. Patienten und Kontrollen wurden bei Studieneintritt und nach einem Zeitraum von 1.1±0.2 Jahren wiederholt untersucht. Bestimmt wurden die periphere volumetrische totale und trabekuläre Knochendichte sowie die periphere Knochenfestigkeit am ultra-distalen Radius (pQCT), die axiale planare Knochendichte an der Lendenwirbelsäule, am linken und rechten Schenkelhals sowie an der linken und rechten Hüfte (DXA), die maximale Griffstärke des nicht-dominanten Unterarms (Dynamometer) sowie Laborparameter des Kalziums- und Knochenstoffwechsels. Die langfristige Gabe von LT4 verringerte weder die Knochendichte am axialen Skelett noch die periphere Muskelkraft. Am ultra-distalen Radius zeigte sich eine Tendenz zu verminderter Knochenfestigkeit sowie zu verringerter totaler Knochendichte bei erhöhter trabekulärer Knochendichte. Nur bei Frauen unter TSH-suppressiver Therapie erreichte der Verlust an peripherer totaler Knochendichte ein hohes Signifikanzniveau. Frauen in Substitutionsbehandlung wiesen im Vergleich zu den weiblichen Kontrollen einen signifikanten Verlust an peripherer Muskelkraft auf bei unveränderter peripherer totaler und trabekulärer Knochendichte sowie unveränderter peripherer Knochenfestigkeit. Männer unter TSH-suppressiver Therapie zeigten tendenziell einen größeren Verlust an peripherer Knochenfestigkeit als Frauen. Die biochemischen Resultate, die einen normalen Kalziumhaushalt sowie konstante bzw. abfallende Serumkonzentrationen an Knochenstoffwechselmarkern umfassten, untermauerten die ausgebliebenen bis geringfügigen morphologischen Veränderungen am Knochen. Weder bei primären noch sekundären Studienendzielen lies sich eine Dosis-Wirkungsbeziehung nachweisen. Eine langfristige medikamentöse Behandlung mit LT4 wirkte sich nicht bzw. nur sehr geringfügig nachteilig auf die (Funktions-)Einheit von Knochen und Muskel aus. Die Gabe von LT4 war weder assoziiert mit niedrigen Ausgangswerten peripherer und axialer Knochendichte, peripherer Knochenfestigkeit und Muskelkraft noch mit einem (beschleunigten) Verlust an peripherer und axialer Knochendichte, peripherer Knochenfestigkeit und Muskelkraft. Dieses Resultat spiegelte sich auch biochemisch wider. Der ultra-distale Radius könnte einen hinsichtlich Knochendichteverlustes gefährdeten Skelettabschnitt darstellen. Für die Patientengruppe der Frauen unter TSH-suppressiver Therapie könnte sich daraus ein erhöhtes Risiko für periphere Frakturen ergeben. Diese Studie berücksichtigte auch bisher außer Acht gelassene biomechanische, strukturelle und geometrische Eigenschaften von Knochensubstanz und -architektur, denen eine eng miteinander verknüpfte, sich gegenseitig stark beeinflussende Funktionseinheit von Knochen und Muskel zugrunde liegt. KW - Schilddrüse KW - Muskelkraft KW - Knochenstoffwechsel KW - Schilddrüsenhormontherapie KW - Knochendichte KW - Levothyroxine KW - bone mineral density KW - muscle force KW - bone metabolism Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85173 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rendl, Susanne T1 - Therapieentscheidung bei Osteoporose nach WHO-FRAX und DVO-Algorithmus T1 - Comparison of WHO-FRAX and DVO algorithm in therapeutic decision-making of osteoporosis N2 - Zielsetzung: Zur Therapieentscheidung bei Osteoporose stehen mehrere Algorithmen basierend auf klinischen Risikofaktoren mit oder ohne Berücksichtigung der Knochendichte zur Verfügung. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist der Vergleich zwischen dem WHO FRAX-Algorithmus und einem von der DVO (Dachverband Osteologie) entwickelten Algorithmus hinsichtlich der Entscheidung für eine Osteoporose-spezifische Therapie. Methoden: Insgesamt wurden 300 konsekutive Patienten (231 Frauen, 69 Männer, im Alter von 40-88 Jahren) in die Studie eingeschlossen, bei denen mit dualer-Röntgen-Absorptiometrie (DXA) am Femurhals und der lumbalen Wirbelsäule und mit peripherer quantitativer Computertomographie (pQCT) am distalen Radius die Knochendichte gemessen wurde. Mit dem FRAX-Rechner wurde unter Berücksichtigung von 12 klinischen Risikofaktoren und der Knochendichte am Femurhals die 10-Jahres-Frakturwahrscheinlichkeit für eine Hüftfraktur und eine größere osteoporotische Fraktur ermittelt. Analog dazu erfolgte mit dem DVO-Algorithmus anhand von 21 klinischen Risikofaktoren und des T-Scores am Femurhals oder der lumbalen Wirbelsäule die Bestimmung einer Therapieempfehlung ja/nein. Odds-Ratios zur Beurteilung der relativen Einflussstärke der einzelnen Risikofaktoren (CRFs) wurden mit Hilfe der multivariaten logistischen Regressionsanalyse berechnet. Der McNemar-Test kam zur Anwendung, um signifikante Unterschiede in der Häufigkeitsverteilung von Patienten mit positiver Therapieempfehlung bei FRAX und DVO zu ermitteln. Ergebnisse: Beim Vergleich des Gesamtkollektivs zeigte sich ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied (p<0.01) hinsichtlich der Anzahl der Patienten mit Empfehlung zur Therapie: FRAX 12% (36 absolut), DVO 30,3% (91 absolut). Das Gleiche gilt für die relative Einflussstärke der CRFs, ausgedrückt als Odds Ratio (OR): CRFs mit dem stärkstem Einfluss auf die Therapieentscheidung bei FRAX: Vorausgehende Fraktur (OR 48), Hüftfraktur der Eltern (OR 36,6) und Glukokortikoide (OR 34,4). Die entsprechenden CRFs bei DVO unter Einschluss des T-Scores am Femur: Glukokortikoide (OR 120), Rheumatoide Arthritis (29,3) und häufige Stürze (OR 16). Die einflussreichsten CRFs bei DVO unter Berücksichtigung des T-Scores an der LWS: TSH< 0,3mU/I (OR 660,6), Rheumatoide Arthritis (OR 440) und multiple Stürze (OR 250,8). Schlussfolgerung: FRAX und DVO liefern signifikant unterschiedliche Ergebnisse sowohl im Hinblick auf die Anzahl der Patienten mit Therapieempfehlung als auch was die Einflussstärke der berücksichtigten CRFs betrifft. Beim DVO-Algorithmus werden Risikofaktoren wie ein supprimierter TSH-Wert (Schilddrüsenstimulierendes Hormon) einbezogen, deren Evidenz nicht eindeutig geklärt ist, die aber starken Einfluss auf die Therapieentscheidung gewinnen, wenn man beim DVO-Algorithmus den T-Score an der LWS mitberücksichtigt. N2 - Objectives: To improve the assessment of fracture risk many algorithms based on the use of clinical risk factors with or without information on bone mineral density have been developed. The aim of this study was to compare the FRAX tool released by a World Health Organization (WHO) task force with an algorithm of the DVO (Head Organization for Osteology) regarding the assessment and treatment of osteoporosis. Methods: A total of 300 patients (231 women, 69 men, aged 40-88) consecutively referred for bone mineral assessment using dual-energy-x-ray-absorptiometry (DXA) at the femoral neck and the spine and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the distal radius were included. Clinical risk factors were assessed and the 10-year probability of both hip fracture and major osteoporotic fracture was computed by the FRAX tool based on 12 clinical risk factors with information on bone mineral density at the femoral neck. Treatment recommendation was also calculated using the DVO algorithm integrating 21 clinical risk factors in addition to T-score at the femoral neck or spine. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to find out the relative predictive strength of each clinical risk factor in terms of calculated odds ratios. McNemar’s test was used to determine the differences in the frequency distribution of patients. Results: The number of patients suggested for treatment was significantly different (p<0.01) between the two algorithms: FRAX: 12% (36 absolute), DVO: 30,3% (91 absolute). There was also a difference concerning the relative strength oft the CRFs expressed as odds ratio (OR): CRFs used by FRAX strongly associated with treatment: Prior fracture (OR 48), parent fractured hip (OR 36,6) and glucocorticoids (OR 34,4). Corresponding CRFs applied by DVO with T-score at the femoral neck: glucocorticoids (OR 120), rheumatoid arthritis (OR 29,3) ans frequent falls (OR 16). CRFs with strong influence on treatment decision using DVO with T-score at the lumbar spine: TSH<0,3mU/I (OR 660,6), rheumatoid arthritis (OR 440) and frequent falls (250,8). Conclusion: We found significant differences between FRAX and DVO both for the number of patients with recommendation for treatment of osteoporosis and concerning the influence on treatment decision of the CRFs expressed as odds ratios (OR). Compared with the FRAX algorithm DVO includes additional risk factors like a suppressed TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) with debatable evidence, but strong influence on treatment of osteoporosis when using DVO tool with information on lumbar spine T-score. KW - Osteoporose KW - Knochendichtemessung KW - Fraktur KW - Frakturwahrscheinlichkeit KW - FRAX KW - DVO Algorithmus KW - fracture risk Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-105301 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Peter T1 - Paradigm Shift JF - Deutsches Ärzteblatt International N2 - No abstract available. KW - osteoporosis Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128858 VL - 110 IS - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Spahmann, Annika A1 - Jörg, Gerhard A1 - Samnick, Samuel A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Einsele, Herrmann A1 - Knop, Stefan A1 - Buck, Andreas T1 - Targeting Paraprotein Biosynthesis for Non-Invasive Characterization of Myeloma Biology N2 - Purpose Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy originating from clonal plasma cells. Despite effective therapies, outcomes are highly variable suggesting marked disease heterogeneity. The role of functional imaging for therapeutic management of myeloma, such as positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG-PET), remains to be determined. Although some studies already suggested a prognostic value of 18F-FDG-PET, more specific tracers addressing hallmarks of myeloma biology, e.g. paraprotein biosynthesis, are needed. This study evaluated the amino acid tracers L-methyl-[11C]-methionine (11C-MET) and [18F]-fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine (18F-Fet) for their potential to image myeloma and to characterize tumor heterogeneity. Experimental Design To study the utility of 11C-MET, 18F-Fet and 18F-FDG for myeloma imaging, time activity curves were compared in various human myeloma cell lines (INA-6, MM1.S, OPM-2) and correlated to cell-biological characteristics, such as marker gene expression and immunoglobulin levels. Likewise, patient-derived CD138+ plasma cells were characterized regarding uptake and biomedical features. Results Using myeloma cell lines and patient-derived CD138+ plasma cells, we found that the relative uptake of 11C-MET exceeds that of 18F-FDG 1.5- to 5-fold and that of 18F-Fet 7- to 20-fold. Importantly, 11C-MET uptake significantly differed between cell types associated with worse prognosis (e.g. t(4;14) in OPM-2 cells) and indolent ones and correlated with intracellular immunoglobulin light chain and cell surface CD138 and CXCR4 levels. Direct comparison of radiotracer uptake in primary samples further validated the superiority of 11C-MET. Conclusion These data suggest that 11C-MET might be a versatile biomarker for myeloma superior to routine functional imaging with 18F-FDG regarding diagnosis, risk stratification, prognosis and discrimination of tumor subtypes. KW - Myelomas KW - Antibodies KW - Positron emission tomography KW - Myeloma cells KW - cell staining KW - lesions KW - biosynthesis KW - bone marrow cells Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111319 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lassmann, Michael A1 - Preylowski, Veronika A1 - Schlögl, Susanne A1 - Schoenahl, Frédéric A1 - Jörg, Gerhard A1 - Samnick, Samuel A1 - Buck, Andreas K. T1 - Is the Image Quality of I-124-PET Impaired by an Automatic Correction of Prompt Gammas? JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of I-124 PET images with and without prompt gamma compensation (PGC) by comparing the recovery coefficients (RC), the signal to noise ratios (SNR) and the contrast to F-18 and Ga-68. Furthermore, the influence of the PGC on the quantification and image quality is evaluated. Methods For measuring the image quality the NEMA NU2-2001 PET/SPECT-Phantom was used containing 6 spheres with a diameter between 10 mm and 37 mm placed in water with different levels of background activity. Each sphere was filled with the same activity concentration measured by an independently cross-calibrated dose calibrator. The “hot” sources were acquired with a full 3D PET/CT (Biograph mCT®, Siemens Medical USA). Acquisition times were 2 min for F-18 and Ga-68, and 10 min for I-124. For reconstruction an OSEM algorithm was applied. For I-124 the images were reconstructed with and without PGC. For the calculation of the RCs the activity concentrations in each sphere were determined; in addition, the influence of the background correction was studied. Results The RCs of Ga-68 are the smallest (79%). I-124 reaches similar RCs (87% with PGC, 84% without PGC) as F-18 (84%). showing that the quantification of I-124 images is similar to F-18 and slightly better than Ga-68. With background activity the contrast of the I-124 PGC images is similar to Ga-68 and F-18 scans. There was lower background activity in the I-124 images without PGC, which probably originates from an overcorrection of the scatter contribution. Consequently, the contrast without PGC was much higher than with PGC. As a consequence PGC should be used for I-124. Conclusions For I-124 there is only a slight influence on the quantification depending on the use of the PGC. However, there are considerable differences with respect to I-124 image quality. KW - cancer treatment KW - health care KW - isotopes KW - photons KW - positron emission tomography KW - signal to noise ratio KW - super ultraviolet KW - thyroid carcinomas Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96863 ER - TY - THES A1 - Heckl, Steffen T1 - Kohlenhydratmalassimilation bei der Hashimotothyreoiditis T1 - Evidence of impaired carbohydrate assimilation in euthyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis N2 - Die autoimmune Thyreoiditis nach Hashimoto stellt aktuell eine der häufigsten Autoimmunerkrankungen eines Organs und die häufigste Ursache der Hypothyreose dar. Die Hashimotothyreoiditis (HT) weist eine hohe Prävalenz und Inzidenz auf. Es existieren Hinweise, dass die Inzidenz der HT aus noch nicht geklärten Gründen gestiegen sein könnte. Die Kohlenhydrate Fruktose, Laktose und Sorbitol werden in der Lebensmittelproduktion umfassend eingesetzt. Insbesondere die industrielle Verwendung sowie der weltweite Konsum von Fruktose und Laktose unterlagen in den letzten Jahrzehnten einer rasanten Steigerung, obwohl ein hoher Prozentsatz der Bevölkerung zur Malassimilation jener Kohlenhydrate prädisponiert ist. In einer internistischen Praxis (Praxis Frau Dr. med. I. Heckl, Bad Homburg) zeigte sich, dass HT-Patienten trotz verifizierter Euthyreose vermehrt über gastrointestinale Symptome berichteten. Unter anderem wurden eine bakterielle Fehlbesiedelung des Dünndarmes und eine Zöliakie ausgeschlossen. In der weiteren Abklärung durch die Praxis Dr. I. Heckl wurde eine deutliche Häufung der Malassimilation der Kohlenhydrate Fruktose, Laktose oder Sorbitol unter euthyreoten HT-Patienten ersichtlich. In Abhängigkeit von einer konsequenten Nahrungsumstellung normalisierten sich regelmäßig das Befinden der Patienten sowie die sonographischen, die serologischen und die laborchemischen Marker der HT, sodass man einen ursächlichen Zusammenhang empirisch vermuten konnte. Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Studie sollte dieser neu beobachtete Zusammenhang zwischen der HT und der Kohlenhydratmalassimilation in der Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin der Universität Würzburg untersucht werden. In einem unizentrischen Fall-Kontroll-Studiendesign wurden 45 euthyreote HT-Patienten und 38 schilddrüsengesunde Kontrollpersonen auf das Vorliegen einer Kohlenhydratmalassimilation mittels des Wasserstoffatemtests (H2-Atemtest) untersucht. Alle Probanden erhielten einen Fruktose-H2-Atemtest sowie einen Laktose-H2-Atemtest inklusive einer kapillären Blutglukosemessung. Im Falle eines positiven Ergebnisses des Fruktose-H2-Atemtests wurde ein Glukose-H2-Atemtest zum Ausschluss einer bakteriellen Fehlbesiedelung des Dünndarmes durchgeführt. Lieferte der Fruktose-H2-Atemtest ein negatives Ergebnis, so folgte ein H2-Atemtest mit Sorbitol. Das Auftreten gastrointestinaler Symptome während der Testdurchführung wurde dokumentiert. Symptomfragebögen und semiquantitative Ernährungsfragebögen im retrospektiven Design dienten der Erfassung alltäglicher Symptome und Ernährungsgewohnheiten. Blutproben dienten der Messung von Schilddrüsenhormonen, Schilddrüsenautoantikörpern, Gewebstransglutaminase-Antikörpern und Antiparietalzell-Autoantikörpern. Unter den euthyreoten HT-Patienten konnte ein signifikant häufigeres Auftreten der Fruktose- sowie der Laktosemalassimilation im Vergleich zu den schilddrüsengesunden Kontrollpersonen demonstriert werden. Die Fruktosemalassimilation wurde bei den HT-Patienten mit 48,9% signifikant häufiger als in der Kontrollgruppe nachgewiesen (p=0,035). Im Kontrollgruppenkollektiv hatte eine Fruktosemalassimilation lediglich bei 26,3% der Probanden bestanden. Eine Laktosemalassimilation wurde bei den HT-Patienten mit 42,2% signifikant häufiger als im Kontrollkollektiv diagnostiziert, welches in 21,1% der Fälle eine Laktosemalassimilation aufwies (p=0,04). Insgesamt lag eine Fruktose- und / oder Laktosemalassimilation bei 73,3% der HT-Patienten und bei 42,1% der Kontrollgruppenprobanden vor. Somit vertrugen nur 26,7% der Fallgruppe, jedoch 57,9% der Kontrollgruppe beide Kohlenhydrate (p=0,004). Hinsichtlich der Prävalenz der Sorbitolmalassimilation oder eines positiven Glukose-H2-Atemtestes kam kein signifikanter Unterschied zur Darstellung. Die Auswertung der Ernährungsfragebögen zeigte für beide Kollektive eine vergleichbare durchschnittliche Konsummenge der jeweiligen Kohlenhydrate auf. Gastrointestinale Symptome waren während des Laktose-H2-Atemtests sowie während des Fruktose-H2-Atemtests jeweils in der Fallgruppe signifikant häufiger anzutreffen als in der Kontrollgruppe. Auch im Hinblick auf das Alltagsleben beschrieben die euthyreoten HT-Patienten signifikant häufiger unter den folgenden Symptomen zu leiden: Weicher Stuhlgang, Oberbauchschmerzen, Meteorismus, laute Darmgeräusche, „Kugelbauch“, Sodbrennen, Schleimauflagerungen des Stuhlgangs, Obstipation, Müdigkeit, postprandiale Kraftlosigkeit, Depressionen, Heißhunger auf Süßes, Migräne, Konzentrationsmangel und eine vermehrte Infektanfälligkeit. Zur Kausalität des hier erstmals beschriebenen Zusammenhangs existieren mehrere Hypothesen. Die Einteilung der HT-Patienten gemäß ihrer Schilddrüsenautoantikörper-Titer in Subkollektive ergab keinen Hinweis auf einen Einfluss der Aktivität des Autoimmungeschehens auf die Häufigkeit der Kohlenhydratmalassimilation. Es steht zur Diskussion, ob die HT zur Entstehung einer Kohlenhydratmalassimilation führen, oder ob eine vorbestehende Kohlenhydratmalassimilation, im Sinne eines neu identifizierten Risikofaktors, zur Genese einer HT prädisponieren könnte. In der vorliegenden Studie konnte erstmalig eine signifikante Häufung der Kohlenhydratmalassimilation bei euthyreoten HT-Patienten aufgezeigt werden. Vor dem Hintergrund der weitreichenden lebensmittelindustriellen Verwendung und des hohen Konsums der Kohlenhydrate Fruktose, Laktose und Sorbitol sowie der hohen Prävalenz und Inzidenz der HT, ergibt sich eine hohe Relevanz des hier nachgewiesenen Zusammenhangs. In der differenzialdiagnostischen Abklärung gastrointestinaler Beschwerden bei euthyreoten HT-Patienten nimmt die hier beschriebene Assoziation zwischen der HT und der Kohlenhydratmalassimilation einen besonderen Stellenwert ein. Die Kohlenhydratmalassimilation verkörpert einen neuen, sowohl klinisch, als auch potentiell pathogenetisch relevanten Aspekt der Hashimotothyreoiditis. N2 - Background/Objectives: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) represents a wide-spread autoimmune disease. In euthyroid patients with HT, an impaired assimilation of common carbohydrates has been observed. Our objectives were to compare the frequency of (1) fructose (FM), lactose (LM) and sorbitol malassimilation (SM), (2) gastrointestinal symptoms (GS) following carbohydrate ingestion and (3) recurrent GS relevant to the participants’ daily lives. Subjects/Methods: We conducted a prospective case–control study of 45 ambulatory patients with HT and 38 healthy volunteers, matched with regard to age, gender and area of origin. Hydrogen breath tests with fructose, lactose, sorbitol and glucose were performed, the lactose testing additionally comprising measurements of capillary blood glucose (cBG). GS during the tests and recurrent GS concerning the participants’ daily lives were assessed. A food-frequency questionnaire was administered. Results: FM was diagnosed in 48.9% of patients compared with 26.3% of the control group (P=0.035). In all, 42.2% of patients with HT and 21.1% of healthy controls showed LM (P=0.04). FM and/or LM was present in 73.3% of the patients and in 42.1% of healthy controls (P=0.004). GS after the ingestion of fructose (P=0.003) or lactose (P=0.025) and recurrent GS were significantly more prevalent in the case group. The consumption of free fructose, lactose or sorbitol did not differ. Conclusions: Carbohydrate malassimilation and gastrointestinal complaints are frequent in euthyroid patients with HT, leading to novel clinical and pathophysiological considerations and concepts. KW - Schilddrüse KW - Malabsorption KW - Fructose KW - Lactose KW - Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis KW - Malassimilation KW - Hashimoto Thyreoiditis KW - Kohlenhydrate KW - Schilddrüse KW - Fruktose KW - fructose KW - thyroid KW - carbohydrate KW - malassimilation KW - lactose Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140362 ER - TY - THES A1 - Künzig, Teresa T1 - Veränderungen im Schilddrüsenhormonmetabolismus während thyreosuppressiver Levothyroxintherapie bei Patienten mit differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom T1 - Changes within the thyroid hormone matabolism during suppressive LT4 therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer N2 - Ziel der Arbeit: Der Einfluss langfristiger thyreosuppressiver Levothyroxintherapie auf den Schilddrüsenhormonmetabolismus bei Patienten mit differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom ist bisher unbekannt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es herauszufinden, ob und welche Änderungen der Schilddrüsenhormonparameter nach langfristiger LT4-Einnahme auftreten. Anhand der zweiten Studie sollte ermittelt werden, ob diese Veränderungen plötzlich und sprunghaft auftreten oder ob es sich dabei um einen kontinuierlichen Prozess handelt. Patienten, Material, Methoden: Das Kollektiv der ersten Studie bestand aus 61 Patienten mit differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom. Für jeden dieser Patienten wurden eingefrorene Seren von zwei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten ausgewählt: Zeitpunkt 1 (entnommen in-nerhalb des ersten Jahres nach I-131-Ablation; TSH-Wert < 0,3 mlU/l; Rekrutie-rungszeitraum 1999-2002) und Zeitpunkt 2 (letzte verfügbare Probe mit TSH-Wert < 0,3 mIU/l; mindestens drei Jahre lang protokollierte, ununterbrochene LT4-Therapie; Rekrutierungszeitraum 2005-2009). Die Hormonspiegel von TSH, reversem T3, TT3 und TT4 und weiterer Parameter wurden zum Zeitpunkt 1 und Zeitpunkt 2 gemessen und die Beziehung dieser Parameter zueinander wurde analysiert. In der zweiten Studie bildeten 24 Patienten mit differenziertem Schilddrüsen-karzinom das Patientenkollektiv. Auch hier wurden gefroren gelagerte Blutpro-ben nach bestimmten Kriterien ausgewählt und untersucht. Eingeschlossen wurden Patienten, von denen mindesten drei Seren im Anschluss an die letzte Hypothyreose vorhanden waren, die unter thyreosuppressiver Therapie ent-nommen wurden, so dass eine serielle Messung durchgeführt werden konnte. Der Zeitraum zwischen Hypothyreose und nachfolgendem Entnahmezeitpunkt des ersten folgenden Serums dufte höchsten neun Monate betragen. Die mediane Anzahl der vorhandenen Proben lag bei sechs, die mediane vergangene Zeit nach letzter Hypothyreose betrug 1,17 Jahre. Es wurde der zeitliche Verlauf der bestimmten Hormonparameter analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse der ersten Studie zeigten signifikant erniedrigte TT3-, TT4- und TSH-Spiegel zum Zeitpunkt 2 (P < 0,001), während LT4-Dosis, Körpergewicht und rT3-Spiegel zwischen Zeitpunkt 1 und Zeitpunkt 2 konstant blieben. Es zeigten sich keine signifikanten Veränderungen in dem Verhältnis der LT4-Dosis pro kg Körpergewicht zu den fT4-Spiegeln (P = 0,83). Das Verhältnis von TT4 zu TT3 war zum Zeitpunkt 2 erhöht (P < 0,001), während das Verhältnis von TT4 zu rT3 und das Verhältnis von TT3 zu rT3 zum Zeitpunkt 2 signifikant erniedrigt waren. Im kurzen Beobachtungszeitraum der zweiten Studie zeigten sich innerhalb der ersten 1,35 Jahre, in denen der durchschnittliche Entnahmezeitpunkt der Proben lag, keine wesentlichen Veränderungen bezüglich der LT4-Dosis pro kg Körpergewicht, der fT4-Spiegel, der rT3 Spiegel, des Verhältnisses von TT4 zu rT3 oder des Verhältnisses von TT4 zu TT3. Fazit: Es lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass nach langfristiger TSH-suppressiver Levothyroxintherapie bei Patienten mit differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom signifikante Veränderungen im Schilddrüsenhormonmetabolismus auftreten, die am besten durch eine kombinierte Herunterregulierung der Typ-I-und der Typ-II-Deiodinase und einer Hochregulierung der Typ-III-Deiodinase zu erklären sind. Diese Veränderungen treten nicht plötzlich und sprunghaft auf sondern ereignen sich eher in einem kontinuierlichen Prozess über viele Jahre hinweg. N2 - After long-term suppressive LT4 therapy significant changes in the thyroid hormone matabolism appeared, which are best explained by a combined deiodinase subtype 2 (D2)/deiodinase subtype 3 (D3) downregulation and deiodinase subtype 3 (D3) upregulation. These changes do not seem to happen suddenly or rapid but occur in a continuous process over many years KW - Schilddrüsenhormonmetabolismus Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-118504 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Schuster, Tibor A1 - Abbrederis, Kathrin A1 - Blümel, Christina A1 - Santi, Ivan A1 - Rudelius, Martina A1 - Wester, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Peschel, Christian A1 - Schwaiger, Markus A1 - Dechow, Tobias A1 - Keller, Ulrich T1 - Week one FLT-PET response predicts complete remission to R-CHOP and survival in DLBCL JF - Oncotarget N2 - Despite improved survival in the Rituximab (R) era, a considerable number of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) ultimately die from the disease. Functional imaging using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET is suggested for assessment of residual viable tumor very early during treatment but is compromised by non-specific tracer retention in inflammatory lesions. The PET tracer [18F]fluorodeoxythymidine (FLT) as surrogate marker of tumor proliferation may overcome this limitation. We present results of a prospective clinical study testing FLT-PET as superior and early predictor of response to chemotherapy and outcome in DLBCL. 54 patients underwent FLT-PET prior to and one week after the start of R-CHOP chemotherapy. Repetitive FLT-PET imaging was readily implemented into the diagnostic work-up. Our data demonstrate that the reduction of FLT standard uptake valuemean (SUVmean) and SUVmax one week after chemotherapy was significantly higher in patients achieving complete response (CR, n=48; non-CR, n=6; p<0.006). Martingale-residual and Cox proportional hazard analyses showed a significant monotonous decrease of mortality risk with increasing change in SUV. Consistent with these results, early FLT-PET response showed relevant discriminative ability in predicting CR. In conclusion, very early FLT-PET in the course of R-CHOP chemotherapy is feasible and enables identification of patients at risk for treatment failure. KW - [18F]Fluorodeoxythymidine KW - FLT-PET KW - positron emission tomography KW - DLBCL KW - lymphoma Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120659 SN - 1949-2553 VL - 5 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Peter T1 - SIRT Was Given Short Shrift JF - Deutsches Ärzteblatt International N2 - No abstract available. KW - heptacellular carcinoma Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119564 VL - 111 IS - 26 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mencacci, Niccoló E. A1 - Isaias, Ioannis U. A1 - Reich, Martin M. A1 - Ganos, Christos A1 - Plagnol, Vincent A1 - Polke, James M. A1 - Bras, Jose A1 - Hersheson, Joshua A1 - Stamelou, Maria A1 - Pittman, Alan M. A1 - Noyce, Alastair J. A1 - Mok, Kin Y. A1 - Opladen, Thomas A1 - Kunstmann, Erdmute A1 - Hodecker, Sybille A1 - Münchau, Alexander A1 - Volkmann, Jens A1 - Samnick, Samuel A1 - Sidle, Katie A1 - Nanji, Tina A1 - Sweeney, Mary G. A1 - Houlden, Henry A1 - Batla, Amit A1 - Zecchinelli, Anna L. A1 - Pezzoli, Gianni A1 - Marotta, Giorgio A1 - Lees, Andrew A1 - Alegria, Paulo A1 - Krack, Paul A1 - Cormier-Dequaire, Florence A1 - Lesage, Suzanne A1 - Brice, Alexis A1 - Heutink, Peter A1 - Gasser, Thomas A1 - Lubbe, Steven J. A1 - Morris, Huw R. A1 - Taba, Pille A1 - Koks, Sulev A1 - Majounie, Elisa A1 - Gibbs, J. Raphael A1 - Singleton, Andrew A1 - Hardy, John A1 - Klebe, Stephan A1 - Bhatia, Kailash P. A1 - Wood, Nicholas W. T1 - Parkinson’s disease in GTP cyclohydrolase 1 mutation carriers JF - Brain N2 - GTP cyclohydrolase 1, encoded by the GCH1 gene, is an essential enzyme for dopamine production in nigrostriatal cells. Loss-of-function mutations in GCH1 result in severe reduction of dopamine synthesis in nigrostriatal cells and are the most common cause of DOPA-responsive dystonia, a rare disease that classically presents in childhood with generalized dystonia and a dramatic long-lasting response to levodopa. We describe clinical, genetic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic imaging ([(123)I]N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) tropane single photon computed tomography) findings of four unrelated pedigrees with DOPA-responsive dystonia in which pathogenic GCH1 variants were identified in family members with adult-onset parkinsonism. Dopamine transporter imaging was abnormal in all parkinsonian patients, indicating Parkinson's disease-like nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation. We subsequently explored the possibility that pathogenic GCH1 variants could contribute to the risk of developing Parkinson's disease, even in the absence of a family history for DOPA-responsive dystonia. The frequency of GCH1 variants was evaluated in whole-exome sequencing data of 1318 cases with Parkinson's disease and 5935 control subjects. Combining cases and controls, we identified a total of 11 different heterozygous GCH1 variants, all at low frequency. This list includes four pathogenic variants previously associated with DOPA-responsive dystonia (Q110X, V204I, K224R and M230I) and seven of undetermined clinical relevance (Q110E, T112A, A120S, D134G, I154V, R198Q and G217V). The frequency of GCH1 variants was significantly higher (Fisher's exact test P-value 0.0001) in cases (10/1318 = 0.75%) than in controls (6/5935 = 0.1%; odds ratio 7.5; 95% confidence interval 2.4-25.3). Our results show that rare GCH1 variants are associated with an increased risk for Parkinson's disease. These findings expand the clinical and biological relevance of GTP cycloydrolase 1 deficiency, suggesting that it not only leads to biochemical striatal dopamine depletion and DOPA-responsive dystonia, but also predisposes to nigrostriatal cell loss. Further insight into GCH1-associated pathogenetic mechanisms will shed light on the role of dopamine metabolism in nigral degeneration and Parkinson's disease. KW - DOPA-responsive-dystonia KW - GCH1 KW - Parkinson's disease KW - dopamine KW - exome sequencing Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121268 VL - 137 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wondergem, Marielle J. A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Syrbu, Sergei A1 - Zijlstra, Josée M. A1 - Hoetjes, Nikie A1 - Hoekstra, Otto S. A1 - Cillessen, Saskia A. G. M. A1 - Moesbergen, Laura M. A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Vose, Julie M. A1 - Juweid, Malik E. T1 - 18 F-fluorothymidine uptake in follicular lymphoma and error-prone DNA repair JF - EJNMMI Research N2 - BACKGROUND: We observed a disproportional 18 F-fluorothymidine (F-FLT) uptake in follicular lymphoma (FL) relative to its low cell proliferation. We tested the hypothesis that the 'excess' uptake of 18 F-FLT in FL is related to error-prone DNA repair and investigated whether this also contributes to 18 F-FLT uptake in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS: We performed immunohistochemical stainings to assess the pure DNA replication marker MIB-1 as well as markers of both DNA replication and repair like PCNA, TK-1 and RPA1 on lymph node biopsies of 27 FLs and 35 DLBCLs. In 7 FL and 15 DLBCL patients, 18 F-FLT-PET had been performed. RESULTS: 18 F-FLT uptake was lower in FL than in DLBCL (median SUVmax 5.7 vs. 8.9, p = 0,004), but the ratio of 18 F-FLT-SUVmax to percentage of MIB-1 positive cells was significantly higher in FL compared with DLBCL (p = 0.001). The median percentage of MIB-1 positive cells was 10% (range, 10% to 20%) in FL and 70% (40% to 80%) in DLBCL. In contrast, the median percentages of PCNA, TK-1 and RPA1 positive cells were 90% (range, 80 to 100), 90% (80 to 100) and 100% (80 to 100) in FL versus 90% (60 to 100), 90% (60 to 100) and 100% (80 to 100) in DLBCL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration of a striking discordance between 18 F-FLT uptake in FL and tumour cell proliferation. High expression of DNA replication and repair markers compared with the pure proliferation marker MIB-1 in FL suggests that this discordance might be due to error-prone DNA repair. While DNA repair-related 18 F-FLT uptake considerably contributes to 18 F-FLT uptake in FL, its contribution to 18 F-FLT uptake in highly proliferative DLBCL is small. This apparently high contribution of DNA repair to the 18 F-FLT signal in FL may hamper studies where 18 F-FLT is used to assess response to cytostatic therapy or to distinguish between FL and transformed lymphoma. KW - 18-F-fluorothymidine uptake KW - positron emission tomography KW - follicular lymphoma KW - non-Hodgkin's lymphoma KW - DNA repair Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121233 VL - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Bluemel, Christina A1 - Lueckerath, Katharina A1 - Muegge, Dirk O. A1 - Strate, Alexander A1 - Haenscheid, Heribert A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Allen-Auerbach, Martin S. A1 - Bundschuh, Ralph A. A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Herrmann, Ken T1 - Prediction of clinically relevant hyperkalemia in patients treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy JF - EJNMMI Research N2 - Background Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is applied in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors. Co-infused amino acids (AA) should prevent nephrotoxicity. The aims of this study were to correlate the incidence of AA-induced hyperkalemia (HK) (≥5.0 mmol/l) and to identify predictors of AA-induced severe HK (>6.0). Methods In 38 patients, standard activity of \(^{177}Lu\)-labelled somatostatin analogs was administered. Pre-therapeutic kidney function was assessed by renal scintigraphy and laboratory tests. For kidney protection, AA was co-infused. Biochemical parameters (potassium, glomerular filtration rate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), sodium, phosphate, chloride, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) were obtained prior to 4 and 24 h after the AA infusion. Incidence of HK (≥5.0) was correlated with pre-therapeutic kidney function and serum parameters. Formulas for the prediction of severe hyperkalemia (>6.0) were computed and prospectively validated. Results At 4 h, HK (≥5.0) was present in 94.7% with severe HK (>6.0) in 36.1%. Values normalized after 24 h in 84.2%. Pre-therapeutic kidney function did not correlate with the incidence of severe HK. Increases in K+ were significantly correlated with decreases in phosphate (r = −0.444, p < 0.005) and increases in BUN (r = 0.313, p = 0.056). A baseline BUN of >28 mg/dl had a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 60.0% (AUC = 0.75) in predicting severe HK of >6.0 (phosphate, AUC = 0.37). Computing of five standard serum parameters (potassium, BUN, sodium, phosphate, LDH) resulted in a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 79.3% for the prediction of severe HK >6.0 (accuracy = 81.6%). Conclusions A combination of serum parameters predicted prospectively the occurrence of relevant HK with an accuracy of 81.6% underlining its potential utility for identifying ‘high-risk’ patients prone to PRRT. KW - amino acids KW - kidney function KW - hyperkalemia KW - PRRT KW - NET KW - MAG3 Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124963 VL - 4 IS - 74 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kunzmann, Volker A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Bluemel, Christina A1 - Kapp, Markus A1 - Hartlapp, Ingo A1 - Steger, Ulrich T1 - Intensified neoadjuvant chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine followed by FOLFIRINOX in a patient with locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer JF - Case Reports in Oncology N2 - The prognosis of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer can be improved if secondary complete (R0) resection is possible. In patients initially staged as unresectable this may be achieved with neoadjuvant treatment which is usually chemoradiotherapy based. We report the case of a 46-year-old patient with an unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer (pT4 Nx cM0 G2) who was treated with a sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen consisting of 2 cycles of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine followed by 4 cycles of FOLFIRINOX. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in secondary resectability (R0 resection). After 2 cycles of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine, the patient already had a complete metabolic remission as measured by integrated fludeoxyglucose ((18)F) positron emission tomography and computerized tomography. After a follow-up of 18 months the patient is alive without progression of disease. We propose to assess the clinical benefit of sequencing the combinations nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with locally advanced and initially unresectable pancreatic cancer in a controlled clinical trial. KW - nab-paclitaxel KW - neoadjuvant chemotherapy KW - oxaliplatin KW - pancreatic cancer KW - locally advanced disease KW - irinotecan KW - gemcitabine KW - folinic acid KW - 5-Fluorouracil Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120189 SN - 1662-6575 VL - 7 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Isaias, Ioannis Ugo A1 - Spiegel, Jörg A1 - Brumberg, Joachim A1 - Cosgrove, Kelly P. A1 - Marotta, Giorgio A1 - Oishi, Naoya A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Küsters, Sebastian A1 - Schiller, Markus A1 - Dillmann, Ulrich A1 - van Dyck, Christopher H. A1 - Buck, Andreas A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Schloegl, Susanne A1 - Volkmann, Jens A1 - Lassmann, Michael A1 - Fassbender, Klaus A1 - Lorenz, Reinhard A1 - Samnick, Samuel T1 - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor density in cognitively intact subjects at an early stage of Parkinson's disease JF - Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience N2 - We investigated in vivo brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) distribution in cognitively intact subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) at an early stage of the disease. Fourteen patients and 13 healthy subjects were imaged with single photon emission computed tomography and the radiotracer 5-[(123)I]iodo-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine ([(123)I]5IA). Patients were selected according to several criteria, including short duration of motor signs (<7 years) and normal scores at an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. In PD patients, nAChR density was significantly higher in the putamen, the insular cortex and the supplementary motor area and lower in the caudate nucleus, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the middle temporal gyrus. Disease duration positively correlated with nAChR density in the putamen ipsilateral (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.05) but not contralateral (ρ = 0.49, p = 0.07) to the clinically most affected hemibody. We observed, for the first time in vivo, higher nAChR density in brain regions of the motor and limbic basal ganglia circuits of subjects with PD. Our findings support the notion of an up-regulated cholinergic activity at the striatal and possibly cortical level in cognitively intact PD patients at an early stage of disease. KW - nicotinic receptors KW - Parkinson disease KW - 5IA-SPECT KW - dopamine acetylcholine KW - cognitive decline Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119351 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graf, Nicolas A1 - Li, Zhoulei A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Weh, Daniel A1 - Aichler, Michaela A1 - Slawska, Jolanta A1 - Walch, Axel A1 - Peschel, Christian A1 - Schwaiger, Markus A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Dechow, Tobias A1 - Keller, Ulrich T1 - Positron emission tomographic monitoring of dual phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and mTOR inhibition in anaplastic large cell lymphoma JF - Oncotargets and Therapy N2 - Background: Dual phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition offers an attractive therapeutic strategy in anaplastic large cell lymphoma depending on oncogenic nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) signaling. We tested the efficacy of a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, NVP-BGT226 (BGT226), in two anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo and performed an early response evaluation with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using the standard tracer, 2-deoxy-2-[F-18] fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and the thymidine analog, 3'-deoxy-3'-[F-18] fluorothymidine (FLT). Methods: The biological effects of BGT226 were determined in vitro in the NPM-ALK positive cell lines SU-DHL-1 and Karpas299 by 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, propidium iodide staining, and biochemical analysis of PI3K and mTOR downstream signaling. FDG-PET and FLT-PET were performed in immunodeficient mice bearing either SU-DHL-1 or Karpas299 xenografts at baseline and 7 days after initiation of treatment with BGT226. Lymphomas were removed for immunohistochemical analysis of proliferation and apoptosis to correlate PET findings with in vivo treatment effects. Results: SU-DHL-1 cells showed sensitivity to BGT226 in vitro, with cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and an IC50 in the low nanomolar range, in contrast with Karpas299 cells, which were mainly resistant to BGT226. In vivo, both FDG-PET and FLT-PET discriminated sensitive from resistant lymphoma, as indicated by a significant reduction of tumor-to-background ratios on day 7 in treated SU-DHL-1 lymphoma-bearing animals compared with the control group, but not in animals with Karpas299 xenografts. Imaging results correlated with a marked decrease in the proliferation marker Ki67, and a slight increase in the apoptotic marker, cleaved caspase 3, as revealed by immunostaining of explanted lymphoma tissue. Conclusion: Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition using BGT226 is effective in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma and can be monitored with both FDG-PET and FLT-PET early on in the course of therapy. KW - mammalian target of rapamycin KW - phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase KW - lymphoma KW - early response KW - NVP-BGT226 KW - non-hodgkins-lymphoma KW - signaling pathway KW - FDG-PET KW - in-vivo KW - target KW - tumor KW - imaging proliferation KW - inhibition KW - positron emission tomography Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117915 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Wieder, Hinrich A. A1 - Lassmann, Michael A1 - Allen-Auerbach, Martin S. A1 - Czernin, Johannes T1 - Clinical use of bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals with focus on alpha-emitters N2 - Various single or multi-modality therapeutic options are available to treat pain of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. Different radionuclides that emit β-rays such as 153Samarium and 89Strontium and achieve palliation are commercially available. In contrast to β-emitters, 223Radium as a α-emitter has a short path-length. The advantage of the α-emitter is thus a highly localized biological effect that is caused by radiation induced DNA double-strand breaks and subsequent cell killing and/or limited effectiveness of cellular repair mechanisms. Due to the limited range of the α-particles the bone surface to red bone marrow dose ratio is also lower for 223Radium which is expressed in a lower myelotoxicity. The α emitter 223Radium dichloride is the first radiopharmaceutical that significantly prolongs life in castrate resistant prostate cancer patients with wide-spread bone metastatic disease. In a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study 921 patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases were randomly assigned. The analysis confirmed the 223Radium survival benefit compared to the placebo (median, 14.9 mo vs 11.3 mo; P < 0.001). In addition, the treatment results in pain palliation and thus, improved quality of life and a delay of skeletal related events. At the same time the toxicity profile of 223Radium was favourable. Since May 2013, 223Radium dichloride (Xofigo®) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Core tip: The incidence rate of prostate cancer worldwide is high. Ninety percent of patients dying of prostate cancer have bone metastases with varying symptoms which are significantly impairing their quality of life. 223Radium is the first therapeutic that results in a survival benefit for patients with bone metastatic, castrate resistant prostate cancer. 223Radium was also associated with low myelosuppression rates and fewer adverse events.This article provides an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical trials with 223Radium. KW - bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals KW - Radium KW - alpha-emitters Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-113014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neubauer, Henning A1 - Hassold, Nicole A1 - Warmuth-Metz, Monika A1 - Winkler, Beate A1 - Kreissl, Michael C. A1 - Ernestus, Karen A1 - Beer, Meinrad T1 - Hit the mark with diffusion-weighted imaging: metastases of rhabdomyosarcoma to the extraocular eye muscles N2 - Background Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequent malignant intraorbital tumour in paediatric patients. Differentiation of tumour recurrence or metastases from post-therapeutic signal alteration can be challenging, using standard MR imaging techniques. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is increasingly considered a helpful supplementary imaging tool for differentiation of orbital masses. Case presentation We report on a 15-year-old female adolescent of Caucasian ethnicity who developed isolated bilateral thickening of extraocular eye muscles about two years after successful multimodal treatment of orbital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Intramuscular restricted diffusion was the first diagnostic indicator suggestive of metastatic disease to the eye muscles. DWI subsequently showed signal changes consistent with tumour progression, complete remission under chemoradiotherapy and tumour recurrence. Conclusions Restricted diffusivity is a strong early indicator of malignancy in orbital tumours. DWI can be the key to correct diagnosis in unusual tumour manifestations and can provide additional diagnostic information beyond standard MRI and PET/CT. Diffusion-weighted MRI is useful for monitoring therapy response and for detecting tumour recurrence. KW - Rhabdomyosarcoma KW - Metastases KW - Extraocular eye muscles KW - DWI KW - PET/CT Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110106 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buder, Kristina A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Kreissl, Michael C. A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Schnack, Alexander A1 - Bröcker, Eva-Bettina A1 - Goebeler, Matthias A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Becker, Jürgen C. T1 - "Somatostatin receptor expression in Merkel cell carcinoma as target for molecular imaging" N2 - Background Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare cutaneous neoplasm with increasing incidence, aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are expressed in MCC and represent a potential target for both imaging and treatment. Methods To non-invasively assess SSTR expression in MCC using PET and the radiotracers [68Ga]DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC) or -octreotate (DOTATATE) as surrogate for tumor burden. In 24 patients with histologically proven MCC SSTR-PET was performed and compared to results of computed tomography (CT). Results SSTR-PET detected primary and metastatic MCC lesions. On a patient-based analysis, sensitivity of SSTR-PET was 73% for nodal metastases, 100% for bone, and 67% for soft-tissue metastases, respectively. Notably, brain metastases were initially detected by SSTR-PET in 2 patients, whereas liver and lung metastases were diagnosed exclusively by CT. SSTR-PET showed concordance to CT results in 20 out of 24 patients. Four patients (17%) were up-staged due to SSTR-PET and patient management was changed in 3 patients (13%). Conclusion SSTR-PET showed high sensitivity for imaging bone, soft tissue and brain metastases, and particularly in combination with CT had a significant impact on clinical stage and patient management. KW - Merkel cell carcinoma KW - Molecular imaging KW - Somatostatin receptor expression KW - Positron emission tomography Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110326 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Bluemel, Christina A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Strate, Alexander A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Herrmann, Ken T1 - Influence of the amount of co-infused amino acids on post-therapeutic potassium levels in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy N2 - Background Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is routinely used for advanced or metastasized neuroendocrine tumours (NET). To prevent nephrotoxicity, positively charged amino acids (AA) are co-infused. The aim of this study was to correlate the risk for therapy-related hyperkalaemia with the total amount of AA infused. Methods Twenty-two patients undergoing PRRT with standard activities of 177Lu-DOTATATE/-TOC were monitored during two following treatment cycles with co-infusion of 75 and 50 g of AA (L-arginine and L-lysine), respectively. Mean serum levels of potassium and other parameters (glomerular filtration rate [GFR], creatinine, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], phosphate, chloride, lactate dehydrogenase) prior to, 4 h and 24 h after AA infusion were compared. Results Self-limiting hyperkalaemia (>5.0 mmol/l) resolving after 24 h occurred in 91% (20/22) of patients in both protocols. Potassium levels, BUN, creatinine, GFR, phosphate, chloride and LDH showed a similar range at 4 h after co-infusion of 75 or 50 g of AA, respectively (p > 0.05). Only GFR and creatinine levels at 24 h varied significantly between the two co-infusion protocols (p < 0.05). Conclusions Hyperkalaemia is a frequent side effect of AA infusion in PRRT. Varying the dose of co-infused amino acids did not impact on the incidence and severity of hyperkalaemia. KW - NET KW - PRRT KW - Hyperkalaemia KW - Arginine KW - Lysine Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110617 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiegering, Verena A1 - Schmid, Sophie A1 - Andres, Oliver A1 - Wirth, Clemens A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Meyer, Thomas A1 - Winkler, Beate A1 - Schlegel, Paul G. A1 - Eyrich, Matthias T1 - Thrombosis as a complication of central venous access in pediatric patients with malignancies: a 5-year single-center experience N2 - Background Reliable central venous access (CVC) is essential for hematology–oncology patients since frequent puncture of peripheral veins—e.g., for chemotherapy, antibiotic administration, repeated blood sampling, and monitoring—can cause unacceptable pain and psychological trauma, as well as severe side effects in cases of extravasation of chemotherapy drugs. However, CVC lines still carry major risk factors, including thrombosis, infection (e.g., entry site, tunnel, and luminal infections), and catheter dislocation, leakage, or breakage. Methods Here we performed a retrospective database analysis to determine the incidence of CVC-associated thrombosis in a single-center cohort of 448 pediatric oncologic patients, and to analyze whether any subgroup of patients was at increased risk and thus might benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation. Results Of the 448 patients, 269 consecutive patients received a CVC, and 55 of these 269 patients (20%) also had a thrombosis. Of these 55 patients, 43 had at least one CVC-associated thrombosis (total number of CVC-associated thrombosis: n = 52). Among all patients, the median duration of CVC exposure was 464 days. Regarding exposure time, no significant difference was found between patients with and without CVC-associated thrombosis. Subclavia catheters and advanced tumor stages seem to be the main risk factors for the development of CVC-associated thrombosis, whereas pharmacologic prophylaxis did not seem to have a relevant impact on the rate of thrombosis. Conclusions We conclude that pediatric surgeons and oncologists should pay close attention to ensuring optimal and accurate CVC placement, as this appears the most effective tool to minimize CVC-associated complications. KW - Pediatric malignancy KW - Central venous access KW - Port KW - Hickman catheter KW - Thrombosis Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110476 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schneider, Magdalena T1 - Synthese, Radiomarkierung und biochemische sowie präklinische Evaluierung neuer Aminopeptidase N- und Fibroblasten-Aktivierungs-Protein alpha- affiner Verbindungen für die molekulare Bildgebung mittels Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie T1 - Synthesis, radiolabeling and biochemical as well as preclinical evaluation of novel Aminopeptidase N- and Fibroblast-activation-protein alpha-affine compounds for molecular imaging using Positron-Emission-tomography N2 - Nach einem Myokardinfarkt setzen Wundheilungsprozesse ein, um die Durchblutung wieder herzustellen und nekrotisches Muskelgewebe durch Narbengewebe zu ersetzen. Die Einsprossung neuer Kapillaren vom bestehenden Gefäßnetz aus wird als Angiogenese bezeichnet. Das dabei vermehrt exprimierte proteolytische Enzym Aminopeptidase N (APN) spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Einsprossung von Endothelzellen. Beim kardialen Remodeling werden abgestorbene Myozyten mithilfe der Einwanderung von Fibroblasten durch Binde- oder Stützgewebe ersetzt, dabei übernimmt das Fibroblasten-Aktivierungs-Protein alpha (FAP) Aufgaben bei der Proliferation und Fortbewegung von Fibroblasten. Durch ihre erhöhte Expression bei den Wundheilungs- und Remodelingprozessen nach einem Herzinfarkt stellen die Metalloprotease APN und die Serinprotease FAP molekulare Targets für die Diagnostik und Therapie dar. Als Diagnosemethode besonders geeignet ist die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET), die es ermöglicht, biochemische Prozesse in Echtzeit im zu untersuchenden Organismus zu visualisieren und zu quantifizieren. Eine als Radiopharmakon oder Tracer bezeichnete biochemische Sonde kann im Falle eines Enzyms dessen radioaktiv markiertes Substrat oder ein Inhibitor sein. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, spezifische APN- und FAP-affine Tracer für die nicht-invasive Untersuchung der APN- und FAP-Expression mittels PET zu entwickeln und dadurch die Rolle von APN und FAP bei Remodelingprozessen nach Myokardinfarkt besser verstehen bzw. klären zu können. Um die Protease APN mittels PET zu untersuchen, wurden die für APN affine Verbindung NOTA-NGR (Komplexbildner + cyclisches Peptid inkl. Asparagin-Glycin-Arginin) mit dem Positronen-emittierenden Nuklid Gallium-68 (68Ga) markiert. Das Potential von 68Ga-NOTA-NGR als PET-Tracer wurde in vivo am Infarktmodell mittels Kleintier-PET untersucht und mit 68Ga-NOTA-RGD, einem zur Visualisierung des neo-angiogenetischen alphavbeta3-Integrins etablierten Tracer, verglichen. Untersuchungen ergaben, dass 68Ga-NOTA-NGR einen vielversprechenden neuen PET-Tracer für die Visualisierung und Quantifizierung der APN-Expression im Rahmen der Angiogenese nach einem Myokardinfarkt darstellt. 68Ga-NOTA-NGR zeigte eine erhöhte Aufnahme im Bereich des Myokardinfarkts im Sinne einer vermehrten Angiogenese. Die Aufnahme des Tracers in infarzierten Arealen war quantitativ höher als in der Untersuchung mit 68Ga-NOTA-RGD. In Autoradiographie-Experimenten wurde 68Ga-NOTA-NGR ex vivo untersucht. Die Akkumulation von 68Ga-NOTA-NGR im ischämischen Bereich war deutlich höher als im gesunden Myokard. Der Nachweis der unterschiedlichen Bereiche des Herzens erfolgte mit HE-Färbung. Die Expression von APN wurde immunohistochemisch mittels spezifischer Antikörper bestätigt. Zum Vergleich wurden ebenso einige andere an der Angiogenese beteiligte Faktoren untersucht. APN stellte sich auch hier als geeignetes Target zum Nachweis der Angiogenese heraus. Um die Protease FAP mittels PET zu untersuchen, wurden eine Reihe peptidomimetischer Inhibitoren, die die Erkennungssequenz Glycin-Prolin mit einer Carbonitril-Gruppe als elektrophiler Einheit zur kovalent-reversiblen Hemmung des Enzyms enthalten, entwickelt. Ausgehend vom N-Acetylglycin-pyrrolidin-(2S)-carbonitril als Leitstruktur wurden Inhibitoren und Vorstufen zur Radiomarkierung inkl. verschieden substituierter Benzoesäuren dargestellt. Zusätzlich wurden noch bereits bekannte Inhibitoren synthetisiert, die zum Vergleich in den Enzymassays dienten. Drei Verbindungen zeigten gute inhibitorische Wirkung an FAP und außerdem Selektivität gegenüber DPP IV. Keine der entwickelten Verbindungen zeigte einen KI-Wert im nanomolaren Bereich, erforderlich für einen potentiellen Tracer zur in-vivo-Visualisierung einer Enzymexpression mittels PET. Um die Inhibitoren mit der besten Hemmung an FAP zum PET-Tracer weiterzuentwickeln, mussten sie mit einem Positronenemitter markiert werden. Die Markierung erfolgte über Isotopenaustausch, bei dem nicht-radioaktives Iod am aromatischen Ring des Precursors durch das radioaktive Iod-124 (124I) substituiert wurde. Es konnten dadurch die radioiodierten Verbindungen 1-(2-[124I]Iodhippursäure)-pyrrolidin-(2S)-carbonitril und 1-(4-[124I]Iod-hippursäure)-pyrrolidin-(2S)-carbonitril synthetisiert werden. Trotz der relativ niedrigen Affinität für FAP wurde das neue 1-(2-[124I]Iodhippursäure)-pyrrolidin-(2S)-carbonitril in Ratten am Infarktmodell mittels Kleintier-PET getestet. Die Lage der ischämischen Zone wurde im Anschluss durch HE-Färbung bestimmt. In vivo zeigte sich eine nur sehr geringe Aufnahme des Radiopharmakons in der ischämischen Zone des Myokards. Damit ist 1-(2-[124I]Iod-hippursäure)-pyrrolidin-(2S)-carbonitril kein für den gewünschten Zweck geeigneter PET-Tracer. Nichtsdestotrotz war der Ansatz vielversprechend und es wurde zum ersten Mal ein PET-Tracer dieser Art zur Untersuchung des FAP im Myokardinfarkt hergestellt. N2 - After myocardial infarction, processes of wound healing are initiated in order to regain perfusion and to replace necrotic muscle tissue with soft tissue. The sprouting of new capillaries from the vasculature is called angiogenesis. During Angiogenesis, Aminopeptidase N (APN) plays an important role in the sprouting of endothelial cells. Cardiac remodeling is the process of replacement of necrotic myocytes with soft tissue through invasion of fibroblasts. For this cause, also a lot of proteases are activated. During the process of cardiac remodeling, fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) is involved in proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts. Due to their increased expression during remodeling processes after myocardial infarction, the metalloprotease APN and the serine protease FAP have been identified as potential molecular targets for diagnosis and therapy. Diagnosis of the heart by nuclear imaging techniques is a well established method in clinical cardiology. Most of all positron emission tomopgraphy (PET) provides information on biochemical processes in vivo using specific radiotracers in real time. This imaging probe is labeled with a positron emitting radionuclide and is called radiopharmaceutical or tracer. In case of an enzyme, the tracer might for example be a labeled substrate or inhibitor of the enzyme. To visualize the protease APN with PET, NOTA-NGR (chelating agent + peptide sequence incl. asparagine-glycine-arginine), a compound that shows high affinity for APN, was labeled with the positron emitting nuclide Gallium-68 (68Ga). 68Ga-NOTA-NGR was developed including an improved synthesis, isolation and formulation of the tracer. Its potential as a PET-tracer was assessed in vivo using micro-PET and compared to the established tracer 68Ga-NOTA-RGD, used to visualize the integrin alphavbeta3 in angiogenesis. Studies in rats with ischemia/reperfusion showed high uptake of the new radiopharmaceutical 68Ga-NOTA-NGR in myocardial infarction area being used in diagnostic PET imaging of APN. The new tracer shows even a slightly higher uptake in angiogenetic areas compared with results obtained with 68Ga-NOTA-RGD. 68Ga-NOTA-NGR was also examined ex vivo using autoradiography, confirming the significant higher accumulation of the tracer in the ischemic area compared with the healthy myocardium. The different areas of the tissue were displayed by HE staining. For the purpose of immunohistochemistry, the expression of the enzyme APN was verified using antibody staining. Additionally several other factors that are involved in angiogenesis were stained. Through antibody staining APN was shown to be a suitable target for the evidence of angiogenesis. With 68Ga-NOTA-NGR, the development of a new PET-tracer for diagnosis of the expression of APN during angiogenesis after myocardial infarction was successful. In order to develop an imaging probe suitable for investigation of the protease FAP using PET, several peptidomimetic inhibitors containing the dipeptide motif glycine-proline and the electrophilic moiety carbonitrile were designed. With N-Acetylglycine-pyrrolidine-(2S)-carbonitrile being the basic structure, modifications were introduced through a benzoylic residue at the N-terminus. In addition, some well-known inhibitors were synthesized for comparison to the new ones in enzymatic assay. To evaluate their inhibitory effect, the new inhibitors were tested in enzymatic assays using FAP and dipeptidyl peptidase IV, a prolyl peptidase from the same family in order to compare the results with regard to selectivity. None of the new compounds showed a KI-value in the nanomolar range, required for visualization of an enzyme expression using PET. In order to investigate a PET-Tracer, the best inhibitors against FAP had to be labeled with a positron emitter. The radioactive analogues of the inhibitors were obtained using isotopic exchange of the natural iodine-nuclide by iodine-124 (124I), resulting in 1-(2-[124I]Iodohippuric acid)-pyrrolidine-(2S)-carbonitrile und 1-(4-[124I]Iodohippuric acid)-pyrrolidine-(2S)-carbonitrile. 1-(2-[124I]Iodohippuric acid)-pyrrolidine-(2S)-carbonitrile was tested in vivo using microPET in rats with myocardial infarction. Very low uptake of the radiopharmaceutical was observed in the ischemic area of the rat´s heart. Locations of ischemic and surviving parts of the myocardium were confirmed using HE staining. To our knowledge, 1-(2-[124I]Iodohippuric acid)-pyrrolidine-(2S)-carbonitrile is the first FAP-affine tracer developed for PET investigation. However, its potential as tracer for the FAP-expression within the myocardial infarction in vivo using PET could not be proven in the present study. Therefore, developments based on the structure of 1-(2-[124I]Iodohippuric acid)-pyrrolidine-(2S)-carbonitrile are going on, with view to identify a PET-tracer suitable for in-vivo-investigation of FAP in healing processes and remodeling after myocardial infarction using PET. KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie KW - Alanyl-Aminopeptidase KW - Angiogenese KW - Fibroblasten-Aktivierungs-Protein Alpha KW - positron-emission-tomography KW - aminopeptidase N KW - remodeling KW - angiogenesis Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-102562 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drozd, Valentina M. A1 - Saenko, Vladimir A. A1 - Brenner, Alina V. A1 - Drozdovitch, Vladimir A1 - Pashkevich, Vasilii I. A1 - Kudelsky, Anatoliy V. A1 - Demidchik, Yuri E. A1 - Branovan, Igor A1 - Shiglik, Nikolay T1 - Major Factors Affecting Incidence of Childhood Thyroid Cancer in Belarus after the Chernobyl Accident: Do Nitrates in Drinking Water Play a Role? JF - PLoS One N2 - One of the major health consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident in 1986 was a dramatic increase in incidence of thyroid cancer among those who were aged less than 18 years at the time of the accident. This increase has been directly linked in several analytic epidemiological studies to iodine-131 (I-131) thyroid doses received from the accident. However, there remains limited understanding of factors that modify the I-131-related risk. Focusing on post-Chernobyl pediatric thyroid cancer in Belarus, we reviewed evidence of the effects of radiation, thyroid screening, and iodine deficiency on regional differences in incidence rates of thyroid cancer. We also reviewed current evidence on content of nitrate in groundwater and thyroid cancer risk drawing attention to high levels of nitrates in open well water in several contaminated regions of Belarus, i.e. Gomel and Brest, related to the usage of nitrogen fertilizers. In this hypothesis generating study, based on ecological data and biological plausibility, we suggest that nitrate pollution may modify the radiation-related risk of thyroid cancer contributing to regional differences in rates of pediatric thyroid cancer in Belarus. Analytic epidemiological studies designed to evaluate joint effect of nitrate content in groundwater and radiation present a promising avenue of research and may provide useful insights into etiology of thyroid cancer. KW - analysis KW - areas KW - power-station accident KW - iodine nutrition KW - skin hemagioma KW - pooled KW - risk KW - children KW - radiation KW - exposure KW - radiotherapy Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141863 VL - 10 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Albert, Christa A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Jörg, Gerhard A1 - Samnick, Samuel A1 - Einsele, Herrmann A1 - Knop, Stefan A1 - Buck, Andreas K. T1 - \(^{11}\)C-Methionine-PET: a novel and sensitive tool for monitoring of early response to treatment in multiple myeloma JF - Oncotarget N2 - Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an essentially incurable hematologic malignancy. However, new treatment modalities and novel drugs have been introduced and thus additional tools for therapy monitoring are increasingly needed. Therefore, we evaluated the radiotracers \(^{11}\)C-Methionine (paraprotein-biosynthesis) and \(^{18}\)F-FDG (glucose-utilization) for monitoring response to anti-myeloma-therapy and outcome prediction. Influence of proteasome-inhibition on radiotracer-uptake of different MM cell-lines and patient-derived CD138\(^{+}\) plasma cells was analyzed and related to tumor-biology. Mice xenotransplanted with MM. 1S tumors underwent MET- and FDG-\(\mu\)PET. Tumor-to-background ratios before and after 24 h, 8 and 15 days treatment with bortezomib were correlated to survival. Treatment reduced both MET and FDG uptake; changes in tracer-retention correlated with a switch from high to low CD138-expression. In xenotransplanted mice, MET-uptake significantly decreased by 30-79% as early as 24 h after bortezomib injection. No significant differences were detected thus early with FDG. This finding was confirmed in patient-derived MM cells. Importantly, early reduction of MET-but not FDG-uptake correlated with improved survival and reduced tumor burden in mice. Our results suggest that MET is superior to FDG in very early assessment of response to anti-myeloma-therapy. Early changes in MET-uptake have predictive potential regarding response and survival. MET-PET holds promise to individualize therapies in MM in future. KW - positron emission tomography KW - imaging techniques KW - experience KW - \(^{11}\)C-Methionine-PET KW - treatment response KW - molecular imaging KW - multiple myeloma KW - management KW - \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT KW - bone disease KW - stem-cell transplantation KW - esophagogastric junction Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148688 VL - 6 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paschke, Ralf A1 - Lincke, Thomas A1 - Müller, Stefan P. A1 - Kreissl, Michael C. A1 - Dralle, Henning A1 - Fassnacht, Martin T1 - The Treatment of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma JF - Deutsches Ärzteblatt International N2 - Background: Recent decades have seen a rise in the incidence of well-differentiated (mainly papillary) thyroid carcinoma around the world. In Germany, the age-adjusted incidence of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma in 2010 was 3.5 per 100 000 men and 8.7 per 100 000 women per year. Method: This review is based on randomized, controlled trials and multicenter trials on the treatment of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma that were retrieved by a selective literature search, as well as on three updated guidelines issued in the past two years. Results: The recommended extent of surgical resection depends on whether the tumor is classified as low-risk or high-risk, so that papillary microcar cinomas, which carry a highly favorable prognosis, will not be overtreated. More than 90% of localized, well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas can be cured with a combination of surgery and radioactive iodine therapy. Radio active iodine therapy is also effective in the treatment of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas with distant metastases, yielding a 10-year survival rate of 90%, as long as there is good iodine uptake and the tumor goes into remission after treatment; otherwise, the 10-year survival rate is only 10%. In the past two years, better treatment options have become available for radioactive-iodine-resistant thyroid carcinoma. Phase 3 studies of two different tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown that either one can markedly prolong progression-free survival, but not overall survival. Their more common clinically significant side effects are hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, diarrhea, proteinuria, and weight loss. Conclusion: Slow tumor growth, good resectability, and susceptibility to radioactive iodine therapy lend a favorable prognosis to most cases of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The treatment should be risk-adjusted and interdisciplinary, in accordance with the current treatment guidelines. Even metastatic thyroid carcinoma has a favorable prognosis as long as there is good iodine uptake. The newly available medical treatment options for radioactive-iodine-resistant disease need to be further studied. KW - BRAF(V600E) mutation KW - distant metastases KW - papillary KW - guidelines KW - surgery KW - dissection KW - management KW - association KW - cancer KW - radioiodine therapy Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151636 VL - 112 SP - 452 EP - 458 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Schedelbeck, Ulla A1 - Pulzer, Alina A1 - Bluemel, Christina A1 - Wild, Vanessa A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Steger, U. T1 - A case report of a solitary pancreatic metastasis of an adrenocortical carcinoma JF - BMC Surgery N2 - Background Solitary metastases to the pancreas are rare. Therefore the value of resection in curative intention remains unclear. In the literature there are several promising reports about resection of solitary metastasis to the pancreas mainly of renal origin. Case presentation Here we report for the first time on the surgical therapy of a 1.5 cm solitary pancreatic metastasis of an adrenocortical carcinoma. The metastasis occurred almost 6 years after resection of the primary tumor. A partial pancreatoduodenectomy was performed and postoperatively adjuvant mitotane treatment was initiated. During the follow-up of 3 years after surgery no evidence of tumor recurrence occurred. Conclusion Resection of pancreatic tumors should be considered, even if the mass is suspicious for metastatic disease including recurrence of adrenocortical cancer. KW - surgical treatment KW - adrenocortical KW - carcinoma metastases to pancreas Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126130 VL - 15 IS - 93 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Linsenmann, Thomas A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Samnick, Samuel A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Stoffer, Carolin A1 - Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Löhr, Mario A1 - Monoranu, Camelia-Maria T1 - Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Glioblastoma Multiforme—A Suitable Target for Somatostatin Receptor-Based Imaging and Therapy? JF - PLoS One N2 - Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have been shown to promote malignant growth and to correlate with poor prognosis. [1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-NN′,N″,N′″-tetraacetic acid]-d-Phe1,Tyr3-octreotate (DOTATATE) labeled with Gallium-68 selectively binds to somatostatin receptor 2A (SSTR2A) which is specifically expressed and up-regulated in activated macrophages. On the other hand, the role of SSTR2A expression on the cell surface of glioma cells has not been fully elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to non-invasively assess SSTR2A expression of both glioma cells as well as macrophages in GBM. Methods 15 samples of patient-derived GBM were stained immunohistochemically for macrophage infiltration (CD68), proliferative activity (Ki67) as well as expression of SSTR2A. Anti-CD45 staining was performed to distinguish between resident microglia and tumor-infiltrating macrophages. In a subcohort, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using \(^{68}Ga-DOTATATE\) was performed and the semiquantitatively evaluated tracer uptake was compared to the results of immunohistochemistry. Results The amount of microglia/macrophages ranged from <10% to >50% in the tumor samples with the vast majority being resident microglial cells. A strong SSTR2A immunostaining was observed in endothelial cells of proliferating vessels, in neurons and neuropile. Only faint immunostaining was identified on isolated microglial and tumor cells. Somatostatin receptor imaging revealed areas of increased tracer accumulation in every patient. However, retention of the tracer did not correlate with immunohistochemical staining patterns. Conclusion SSTR2A seems not to be overexpressed in GBM samples tested, neither on the cell surface of resident microglia or infiltrating macrophages, nor on the surface of tumor cells. These data suggest that somatostatin receptor directed imaging and treatment strategies are less promising in GBM. KW - glioma KW - positron emission tomography KW - glioblastoma multiforme KW - macrophages KW - somatostatin KW - microglial cells KW - immunostaining KW - magnetic resonance imaging Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125498 VL - 10 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kläsner, Benjamin A1 - Buchmann, Niels A1 - Gempt, Jens A1 - Ringel, Florian A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Krause, Bernd Joachim T1 - Early [\(^{18}\)F]FET-PET in Gliomas after Surgical Resection: Comparison with MRI and Histopathology JF - PLoS One N2 - Background The precise definition of the post-operative resection status in high-grade gliomas (HGG) is crucial for further management. We aimed to assess the feasibility of assessment of the resection status with early post-operative positron emission tomography (PET) using [\(^{18}\)F]O-(2-[\(^{18}\)F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([\(^{18}\)F]FET). Methods 25 patients with the suspicion of primary HGG were enrolled. All patients underwent preoperative [\(^{18}\)F]FET-PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Intra-operatively, resection status was assessed using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Imaging was repeated within 72h after neurosurgery. Post-operative [\(^{18}\)F]FET-PET was compared with MRI, intra-operative assessment and clinical follow-up. Results [\(^{18}\)F]FET-PET, MRI and intra-operative assessment consistently revealed complete resection in 12/25 (48%) patients and incomplete resection in 6/25 cases (24%). In 7 patients, PET revealed discordant findings. One patient was re-resected. 3/7 experienced tumor recurrence, 3/7 died shortly after brain surgery. Conclusion Early assessment of the resection status in HGG with [\(^{18}\)F]FET-PET seems to be feasible. KW - glioblastoma multiforme KW - brain tumors KW - C-11-methionine pet KW - positron-emission-tomography KW - improves KW - survival KW - delineation KW - radiotherapy KW - methionine pet KW - cerebral gliomas Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-139549 VL - 10 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Queiroz, Marcelo A1 - Huellner, Martin W. A1 - Barbosa, Felipe de Galiza A1 - Buck, Andreas A1 - Schaefer, Niklaus A1 - Stolzman, Paul A1 - Veit-Haibach, Patrick T1 - Diagnostic performance of FDG-PET/MRI and WB-DW-MRI in the evaluation of lymphoma: a prospective comparison to standard FDG-PET/CT JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background: Use of FDG-PET/CT for staging and restaging of lymphoma patients is widely incorporated into current practice guidelines. Our aim was to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of FDG-PET/MRI and WB-DW-MRI compared with FDG-FDG-PET/CT using a tri-modality PET/CT-MRI system. Methods: From 04/12 to 01/14, a total of 82 FDG-PET/CT examinations including an additional scientific MRI on a tri-modality setup were performed in 61 patients. FDG-PET/CT, FDG-PET/MRI, and WB-DW-MRI were independently analyzed. A lesion with a mean ADC below a threshold of 1.2 x 10\(^{-3}\) mm\(^2\)/s was defined as positive for restricted diffusion. FDG-PET/CT and FDG-PET/MRI were evaluated for the detection of lesions corresponding to lymphoma manifestations according to the German Hodgkin Study Group. Imaging findings were validated by biopsy (n = 21), by follow-up imaging comprising CT, FDG-PET/CT, and/or FDG-PET/MRI (n = 32), or clinically (n = 25) (mean follow-up: 9.1 months). Results: FDG-PET/MRI and FDG-PET/CT accurately detected 188 lesions in 27 patients. Another 54 examinations in 35 patients were negative. WB-DW-MRI detected 524 lesions, of which 125 (66.5 % of the aforementioned 188 lesions) were true positive. Among the 188 lesions positive for lymphoma, FDG-PET/MRI detected all 170 instances of nodal disease and also all 18 extranodal lymphoma manifestations; by comparison, WB-DW-MRI characterized 115 (67.6 %) and 10 (55.6 %) lesions as positive for nodal and extranodal disease, respectively. FDG-PET/MRI was superior to WB-DW-MRI in detecting lymphoma manifestations in patients included for staging (113 vs. 73), for restaging (75 vs. 52), for evaluation of high-(127 vs. 81) and low-grade lymphomas (61 vs. 46), and for definition of Ann Arbor stage (WB-DW-MRI resulted in upstaging in 60 cases, including 45 patients free of disease, and downstaging in 4). Conclusion: Our results indicate that FDG-PET/CT and FDG-PET/MRI probably have a similar performance in the clinical work-up of lymphomas. The performance of WB-DW-MRI was generally inferior to that of both FDG-PET-based methods but the technique might be used in specific scenarios, e.g., in low-grade lymphomas and during surveillance. KW - response evaluation KW - FDG-PET/MRI KW - FDG-PET/CT KW - FDG KW - WB-DW-MRI KW - whole-body KW - involvement KW - coefficient KW - lymphoma KW - B-cell lymphoma KW - diffusion weighted MRI KW - whole body MRI KW - Hodgkin-lymphoma KW - 1st International Workshop KW - malignant lymphoma KW - initial experience Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-136039 VL - 15 IS - 1002 ER - TY - THES A1 - Thies, Elena-Daphne Dorothée T1 - Die Prognose des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms in Abhängigkeit von der zum Erreichen eines erkrankungsfreien Zustands benötigten Zahl der I-131-Therapien T1 - The number of 131-I therapy courses needed to archieve complete remission is an indicator of prognosis in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma N2 - Ziel: Abschätzung der Risiken des Rezidivs des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms, der Karzinom-bedingten Mortalität und der Karzinom-bedingten Reduktion der Lebenserwartung in Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl der zum Erreichen eines krankheitsfreien Zustands benötigten I-131-Therapien (Radioiodtherapien) und der für die Krankheitsfreiheit benötigten kumulativen Aktivität. Methoden: Analyse anhand von in der Würzburger Schilddrüsenkarzinom-Datenbank erfassten Verlaufsdaten unter Berücksichtigung eigener zusätzlicher Erhebungen zum follow-up.von 896 Patienten, die nach einer oder mehreren Radioiodtherapien im Therapieverlauf Erkrankungsfreiheit erreichten (negative TSH-stimulierte Thyreoglobulin-Messung in Kombination mit einer negativen I-131-Ganzkörperszintigraphie). Ergebnisse: Die erfassbare Nachsorgedauer betrug in Median 9.0 Jahre (Spannbreite 0.1-31.8 Jahre). Rezidiv-Raten nach 5 und 10 Jahren und am Ende der Nachsorge betrugen 1,0±0,3%, 4,0±0,7% und 6,2±1,1%. Die Schilddrüsenkarzinom-bedingte Sterberate betrug jeweils 0,1±0,1%, 0,5±0,3% und 3,4±1,1%. Mit einer zunehmenden Anzahl von benötigten Radioiodtherapien nahm die Rezidivrate zu (p=0.001). Die Schilddrüsenkarzinom-bedingte Sterblichkeitsrate ist ab 4 benötigten Radioiodtherapien erhöht. Bei Patienten, die nach einer Radioiodtherapie krankheitsfrei waren, finden sich zwischen Niedrig- und Hochrisikopatienten keine Unterschiede bezüglich Rezidiv- und Sterblichkeitsrate. Bei Patienten, die zwei Radioiodtherapien benötigten, waren Rezidiv- und Sterblichkeitsrate der Hochrisikopatienten erhöht. Bezüglich der kumulativ benötigten Aktivität zeigten sich nur bei Patienten, die eine kumulative Aktivität von über 22,2 GBq benötigten, erhöhte Rezidiv- und Sterberaten. Im vorliegenden Studienkollektiv mit einer inhärent guten Prognose zeigte sich eine uneingeschränkte Lebenserwartung unabhängig von der benötigen Anzahl der Radioiodtherapien oder der benötigten kumulativen Aktivität. Fazit: Falls mehr als eine Radioiodtherapie oder eine hohe kumulative I-131 Aktivität benötigt wird, um einen krankheitsfreien Zustand zu erreichen, muss mit einer Rezidiv- und Schilddrüsenkarzinom-bedingten Sterblichkeits-Rate gerechnet werden, vor allem bei Hochrisikopatienten. N2 - Purpose: To assess the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) recurrence, DTC-related mortality and life expectancy in relation to the number of courses of 131-I therapy (RIT) and cumulative 131-I activities required to achieve complete remission (CR). Methods: The study was a database review of 1,229 patients with DTC, 333 without and 896 with CR (negative TSHstimulated thyroglobulin and negative 131-I diagnostic wholebody scintigraphy) after one or more courses of RIT. Results: The median follow-up was 9.0 years (range 0.1–31.8 years) after CR. Recurrence rates at 5 years, 10 years and the end of follow-up were 1.0±0.3 %, 4.0±0.7 % and 6.2 ±1.1 %, and DTC-related mortality was 0.1±0.1 %, 0.5± 0.3 % and 3.4±1.1 %, respectively. Recurrence rates also increased with an increasing number of RIT courses required (p=0.001). DTC-related mortality increased from four RIT courses. In patients with CR after one RIT course, there were no differences in recurrence or DTC-related mortality rates between low-risk and high-risk patients. In patients requiring two RIT courses these rates remain elevated in high-risk patients. Recurrence and DTC-related mortality rates were only significantly elevated in those requiring a cumulative activity over 22.2 GBq (600 mCi) from multiple RIT courses for CR. Regardless of the number of RIT courses or activity needed, life expectancy was not significantly lowered. Conclusion: If more than one RIT course is needed to achieve CR, higher recurrence and DTC-related mortality rates are observed, especially in high-risk patients. Patients requiring >22.2 GBq 131-I for CR should be followed in the same way as patients in whom CR is never reached as long-term mortality rates are similar. KW - Differentiated thyroid carcinoma KW - Schilddrüsenkarzinom KW - 131-I Ablation KW - Prognose KW - Überleben KW - Differentiated thyroid carcinoma KW - 131-I ablation KW - prognosis KW - life expectancy Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110981 N1 - Die Doktorarbeit wurde unter dem englischen Titel: "The number of 131-I therapy courses needed to archieve complete remission is an indicator of prognosis in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.", publiziert. Dies entspricht nicht hundertprozentig der deutschen Übersetzung und enthält schon Ergebnisse. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Maya, Yoshifumi A1 - Decker, Michael A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Radionuclide imaging of neurohormonal system of the heart JF - Theranostics N2 - Heart failure is one of the growing causes of death especially in developed countries due to longer life expectancy. Although many pharmacological and instrumental therapeutic approaches have been introduced for prevention and treatment of heart failure, there are still limitations and challenges. Nuclear cardiology has experienced rapid growth in the last few decades, in particular the application of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), which allow non-invasive functional assessment of cardiac condition including neurohormonal systems involved in heart failure; its application has dramatically improved the capacity for fundamental research and clinical diagnosis. In this article, we review the current status of applying radionuclide technology in non-invasive imaging of neurohormonal system in the heart, especially focusing on the tracers that are currently available. A short discussion about disadvantages and perspectives is also included. KW - SPECT KW - radiotracer KW - heart failure KW - cardiac neurohormonal system KW - nuclear cardiology KW - PET Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149205 VL - 5 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wester, Hans Jürgen A1 - Keller, Ulrich A1 - Schottelius, Margret A1 - Beer, Ambros A1 - Philipp-Abbrederis, Kathrin A1 - Hoffmann, Frauke A1 - Šimeček, Jakub A1 - Gerngross, Carlos A1 - Lassmann, Michael A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Pellegata, Natalia A1 - Rudelius, Martina A1 - Kessler, Horst A1 - Schwaiger, Markus T1 - Disclosing the CXCR4 expression in lymphoproliferative diseases by targeted molecular imaging JF - Theranostics N2 - Chemokine ligand-receptor interactions play a pivotal role in cell attraction and cellular trafficking, both in normal tissue homeostasis and in disease. In cancer, chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) expression is an adverse prognostic factor. Early clinical studies suggest that targeting CXCR4 with suitable high-affinity antagonists might be a novel means for therapy. In addition to the preclinical evaluation of [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor in mice bearing human lymphoma xenografts as an exemplary CXCR4-expressing tumor entity, we report on the first clinical applications of [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-Positron Emission Tomography as a powerful method for CXCR4 imaging in cancer patients. [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor binds with high affinity and selectivity to human CXCR4 and exhibits a favorable dosimetry. [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET provides images with excellent specificity and contrast. This non-invasive imaging technology for quantitative assessment of CXCR4 expression allows to further elucidate the role of CXCR4/CXCL12 ligand interaction in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. KW - acute myeloid leukemia KW - prognostic value KW - therapeutic target KW - chemokine receptor KW - CXCR4 KW - lymphoma KW - in vivo imaging KW - positron emission tomography Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144537 VL - 5 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Philipp-Abbrederis, Kathrin A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Knop, Stefan A1 - Schottelius, Margret A1 - Eiber, Matthias A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Pietschmann, Elke A1 - Habringer, Stefan A1 - Gerngroß, Carlos A1 - Franke, Katharina A1 - Rudelius, Martina A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Schwamborn, Kristina A1 - Steidle, Sabine A1 - Hartmann, Elena A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Kropf, Saskia A1 - Beer, Ambros J A1 - Peschel, Christian A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Buck, Andreas K A1 - Schwaiger, Markus A1 - Götze, Katharina A1 - Wester, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Keller, Ulrich T1 - In vivo molecular imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in patients with advanced multiple myeloma JF - EMBO Molecular Medicine N2 - CXCR4 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that mediates recruitment of blood cells toward its ligand SDF-1. In cancer, high CXCR4 expression is frequently associated with tumor dissemination andpoor prognosis. We evaluated the novel CXCR4 probe [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor for invivo mapping of CXCR4 expression density in mice xenografted with human CXCR4-positive MM cell lines and patients with advanced MM by means of positron emission tomography (PET). [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor PET provided images with excellent specificity and contrast. In 10 of 14 patients with advanced MM [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT scans revealed MM manifestations, whereas only nine of 14 standard [\(^{18}\)F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT scans were rated visually positive. Assessment of blood counts and standard CD34\(^{+}\) flow cytometry did not reveal significant blood count changes associated with tracer application. Based on these highly encouraging data on clinical PET imaging of CXCR4 expression in a cohort of MM patients, we conclude that [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor PET opens a broad field for clinical investigations on CXCR4 expression and for CXCR4-directed therapeutic approaches in MM and other diseases. KW - FDG PET/CT KW - cells KW - CXCR4/SDF-1 KW - CXCR4 KW - multiple myeloma KW - positron emission tomography KW - chemokine receptor KW - in vivo imaging KW - malignancies KW - involvement KW - microenvironment KW - survival KW - cancer KW - autologous transplantation KW - bone disease Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148738 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eberlein, Uta A1 - Peper, Michel A1 - Fernández, Maria A1 - Lassmann, Michael A1 - Scherthan, Harry T1 - Calibration of the \(\gamma\)-H2AX DNA double strand break focus assay for internal radiation exposure of blood lymphocytes JF - PLoS ONE N2 - DNA double strand break (DSB) formation induced by ionizing radiation exposure is indicated by the DSB biomarkers \(\gamma\)-H2AX and 53BP1. Knowledge about DSB foci formation in-vitro after internal irradiation of whole blood samples with radionuclides in solution will help us to gain detailed insights about dose-response relationships in patients after molecular radiotherapy (MRT). Therefore, we studied the induction of radiation-induced co-localizing \(\gamma\)-H2AX and 53BP1 foci as surrogate markers for DSBs in-vitro, and correlated the obtained foci per cell values with the in-vitro absorbed doses to the blood for the two most frequently used radionuclides in MRT (I-131 and Lu-177). This approach led to an in-vitro calibration curve. Overall, 55 blood samples of three healthy volunteers were analyzed. For each experiment several vials containing a mixture of whole blood and radioactive solutions with different concentrations of isotonic NaCl-diluted radionuclides with known activities were prepared. Leukocytes were recovered by density centrifugation after incubation and constant blending for 1 h at 37°C. After ethanol fixation they were subjected to two-color immunofluorescence staining and the average frequencies of the co-localizing \(\gamma\)-H2AX and 53BP1 foci/nucleus were determined using a fluorescence microscope equipped with a red/green double band pass filter. The exact activity was determined in parallel in each blood sample by calibrated germanium detector measurements. The absorbed dose rates to the blood per nuclear disintegrations occurring in 1 ml of blood were calculated for both isotopes by a Monte Carlo simulation. The measured blood doses in our samples ranged from 6 to 95 mGy. A linear relationship was found between the number of DSB-marking foci/nucleus and the absorbed dose to the blood for both radionuclides studied. There were only minor nuclide-specific intra-and inter-subject deviations. KW - in vivo formation KW - chromatin mobility KW - phosphorylation KW - repair KW - 53BP1 KW - damage KW - radioiodine therapy KW - thyroid cancer KW - histone H2AX KW - dose response Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148697 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, R.A. A1 - Schmid, J.S. A1 - Muegge, D.O. A1 - Lückerath, K. A1 - Higuchi, T. A1 - Hänscheid, H. A1 - Grelle, I. A1 - Reiners, C. A1 - Herrmann, K. A1 - Buck, A.K. A1 - Lapa, C. T1 - Prognostic value of serum tumor markers in medullary thyroid cancer patients undergoing vandetanib treatment JF - Medicine N2 - Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as vandetanib have shown clinical effectiveness in advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). During TKI treatment, fluctuations in the tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and calcitonin (CTN) are frequently observed. Their role for treatment monitoring and the decision-making process has not been fully elucidated yet. Twenty-one patients (male, 16, female, 5; mean age, 49±13 years) with progressive MTC receiving vandetanib (300mg orally per day) were considered. Tumor restaging was performed every 3 months including contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Response was assessed according to recent criteria (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, RECIST 1.1). Additionally, CEA and CTN were measured at the day of CT imaging and alterations observed in tumor markers were compared to respective imaging findings (partial response, PR; stable disease, SD; progressive disease, PD). During long-term follow-up (510±350 days [range, 97-1140 days]), CTN and CEA levels initially dropped in 71.4% and 61.9% of the patients followed by fluctuations in serum marker levels. A rise in CTN ≥39.5% between 2 subsequent measurements (defined by ROC analysis) had a sensitivity of 70.6% and a specificity of 83.2% in predicting PD with an accuracy of 82.0% (area under the curve (AUC), 0.76). Oscillations in CEA levels were not predictive for PD. Whereas tumor marker fluctuations in MTC patients undergoing TKI treatment are a frequent phenomenon, a significant rise in CTN ≥40% turns out to as an early indicator of tumor progression. KW - follow-up KW - kinase inhibitor KW - carcinoma KW - calcitonin KW - trial KW - medullary thyroid cancer Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145154 VL - 94 IS - 45 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Macedo, Robson A1 - Javadi, Som Mehrbod A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Ferreira de Carvalho, Marilia Daniela A1 - Lima Paiva Medeiros, Vanessa de Fátima A1 - Azevedo, Ítalo Medeiros A1 - Lima, Francisco Pignataro A1 - Medeiros, Aldo Cunha T1 - Heart and systemic effects of statin pretreatment in a rat model of abdominal sepsis. Assessment by Tc\(^{99m}\)-sestamibi biodistribition JF - Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira N2 - PURPOSE: To evaluate the heart and the Tc-99m-sestamibi biodistribution after statin pretreatment in a rat model of abdominal sepsis. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (n=6 per group): 1) sepsis with simvastatin treatment, 2) sepsis with vehicle, 3) sham control with simvastatin and 4) sham control with vehicle. 24 hours after cecal ligation and puncture rats received 1.0MBq of Tc-99m-sestamibi i.v. 30min after, animals were euthanized for ex-vivo tissue counting and myocardium histological analysis. RESULTS: Myocardial histologic alterations were not detected 24 hours post-sepsis. There was significantly increased cardiac Tc-99m-sestamibi activity in the sepsis group with simvastatin treatment (1.9\(\pm\)0.3%ID/g, p<0.001) in comparison to the sepsis group+vehicle (1.0\(\pm\)0.2% ID/g), control sham group+ simvastatin (1.2\(\pm\)0.3% ID/g) and control sham group (1.3\(\pm\)0.2% ID/g). Significant Tc-99m-sestamibi activity in liver, kidney and lungs was also detected in the sepsis group treated with simvastatinin comparison to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Statin treatment altered the biodistribution of Tc-99m-sestamibi with increased cardiac and solid organ activity in rats with abdominal sepsis, while no impact on controls. Increased myocardial tracer activity may be a result of a possible protection effect due to increased tissue perfusion mediated by statins. KW - P-glycoprotein expression KW - mechanisms retention KW - Simvastatin KW - Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Rats KW - heart KW - inflammation KW - sepsis Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151887 VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 388 EP - 393 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beykan, Seval A1 - Dam, Jan S. A1 - Eberlein, Uta A1 - Kaufmann, Jens A1 - Kjærgaard, Benedict A1 - Jødal, Lars A1 - Bouterfa, Hakim A1 - Bejot, Romain A1 - Lassmann, Michael A1 - Jensen, Svend Borup T1 - \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201 targeting somatostatin receptors: in vivo biodistribution and dosimetry in a pig model JF - EJNMMI Research N2 - Background \(^{177}\)Lu is used in peptide receptor radionuclide therapies for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Based on the recent literature, SST2 antagonists are superior to agonists in tumor uptake. The compound OPS201 is the novel somatostatin antagonist showing the highest SST2 affinity. The aim of this study was to measure the in vivo biodistribution and dosimetry of \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201 in five anesthetized Danish Landrace pigs as an appropriate substitute for humans to quantitatively assess the absorbed doses for future clinical applications. Results \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201 was obtained with a specific activity ranging from 10 to 17 MBq/μg. Prior to administration, the radiochemical purity was measured as s > 99.7 % in all cases. After injection, fast clearance of the compound from the blood stream was observed. Less than 5 % of the injected activity was presented in blood 10 min after injection. A series of SPECT/CT and whole-body scans conducted until 10 days after intravenous injection showed uptake mostly in the liver, spine, and kidneys. There was no visible uptake in the spleen. Blood samples were taken to determine the time-activity curve in the blood. Time-activity curves and time-integrated activity coefficients were calculated for the organs showing visible uptake. Based on these data, the absorbed organ dose coefficients for a 70-kg patient were calculated with OLINDA/EXM. For humans after an injection of 5 GBq \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201, the highest predicted absorbed doses are obtained for the kidneys (13.7 Gy), the osteogenic cells (3.9 Gy), the urinary bladder wall (1.8 Gy), and the liver (1.0 Gy). No metabolites of 177Lu-OPS201 were found by radio HPLC analysis. None of the absorbed doses calculated will exceed organ toxicity levels. Conclusions The \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201 was well tolerated and caused no abnormal physiological or behavioral signs. In vivo distributions and absorbed doses of pigs are comparable to those observed in other publications. According to the biodistribution data in pigs, presented in this work, the expected radiation exposure in humans will be within the acceptable range. KW - lutetium-177 KW - JR11 KW - antagonist KW - dosimetry KW - neuroendocrine tumor (NET) KW - OPS201 KW - pig model KW - PRRT Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146888 VL - 6 IS - 50 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, R. A. A1 - Lückerath, K. A1 - Schmid, J. S. A1 - Higuchi, T. A1 - Kreissl, M. C. A1 - Grelle, I. A1 - Reiners, C. A1 - Buck, A. K. A1 - Lapa, C. T1 - Thyroglobulin fluctuations in patients with iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma on lenvatinib treatment – initial experience JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have shown clinical effectiveness in iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The corresponding role of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in iodine-refractory DTC has not been investigated yet. 9 patients (3 female, 61 ± 8y) with progressive iodine-refractory DTC starting on lenvatinib were considered. Tumor restaging was performed every 2–3 months including contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT, RECIST 1.1). Serum Tg was measured and compared to imaging findings. After treatment initiation, serum Tg levels dropped in all patients with a median reduction of 86.2%. During long-term follow-up (median, 25.2 months), fluctuations in Tg could be observed in 8/9 subjects. According to RECIST, 6/9 subjects achieved a partial response or stable disease with the remaining 3/9 experiencing progressive disease (2/3 with Tg levels rising above baseline). All of the patients with disease progression presented with a preceding continuous rise in serum Tg, whereas tumor marker oscillations in the subjects with controlled disease were only intermittent. Initiation of lenvatinib in iodine-refractory DTC patients is associated with a significant reduction in serum Tg levels as a marker of treatment response. In the course of treatment, transient Tg oscillations are a frequent phenomenon that may not necessarily reflect morphologic tumor progression. KW - Thyroid cancer Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147407 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bluemel, Christina A1 - Linke, Fraenze A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Simunovic, Iva A1 - Eiber, Matthias A1 - Kestler, Christian A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Bley, Thorsten A. A1 - Wester, Hans-Juergen A1 - Vergho, Daniel A1 - Becker, Axel T1 - Impact of \(^{68}\)Ga-PSMA PET/CT on salvage radiotherapy planning in patients with prostate cancer and persisting PSA values or biochemical relapse after prostatectomy JF - EJNMMI Research N2 - Background Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) is clinically established in prostate cancer (PC) patients with PSA persistence or biochemical relapse (BCR) after prior radical surgery. PET/CT imaging prior to SRT may be performed to localize disease recurrence. The recently introduced \(^{68}\)Ga-PSMA outperforms other PET tracers for detection of recurrence and is therefore expected also to impact radiation planning. Forty-five patients with PSA persistence (16 pts) or BCR (29 pts) after prior prostatectomy, scheduled to undergo SRT of the prostate bed, underwent \(^{68}\)Ga-PSMA PET/CT. The median PSA level was 0.67 ng/ml. The impact of \(^{68}\)Ga-PSMA PET/CT on the treatment decision was assessed. Patients with oligometastatic (≤5 lesions) PC underwent radiotherapy (RT), with the extent of the RT area and dose escalation being based on PET positivity. Results Suspicious lesions were detected in 24/45 (53.3 %) patients. In 62.5 % of patients, lesions were only detected by 68Ga-PSMA PET. Treatment was changed in 19/45 (42.2 %) patients, e.g., extending SRT to metastases (9/19), administering dose escalation in patients with morphological local recurrence (6/19), or replacing SRT by systemic therapy (2/19). 38/45 (84.4 %) followed the treatment recommendation, with data on clinical follow-up being available in 21 patients treated with SRT. All but one showed biochemical response (mean PSA decline 78 ± 19 %) within a mean follow-up of 8.12 ± 5.23 months. Conclusions \(^{68}\)Ga-PSMA PET/CT impacts treatment planning in more than 40 % of patients scheduled to undergo SRT. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm this significant therapeutic impact on patients prior to SRT. KW - prostate cancer KW - salvage radiotherapy KW - PSMA KW - PET/CT KW - recurrence Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147798 VL - 6 IS - 78 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ip, Chi Wang A1 - Isaias, Ioannis U. A1 - Kusche-Tekin, Burak B. A1 - Klein, Dennis A1 - Groh, Janos A1 - O´Leary, Aet A1 - Knorr, Susanne A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Koprich, James B. A1 - Brotchie, Jonathan M. A1 - Toyka, Klaus V. A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Volkmann, Jens T1 - Tor1a+/- mice develop dystonia-like movements via a striatal dopaminergic dysregulation triggered by peripheral nerve injury JF - Acta Neuropathologica Communications N2 - Isolated generalized dystonia is a central motor network disorder characterized by twisted movements or postures. The most frequent genetic cause is a GAG deletion in the Tor1a (DYT1) gene encoding torsinA with a reduced penetrance of 30-40 % suggesting additional genetic or environmental modifiers. Development of dystonia-like movements after a standardized peripheral nerve crush lesion in wild type (wt) and Tor1a+/- mice, that express 50 % torsinA only, was assessed by scoring of hindlimb movements during tail suspension, by rotarod testing and by computer-assisted gait analysis. Western blot analysis was performed for dopamine transporter (DAT), D1 and D2 receptors from striatal and quantitative RT-PCR analysis for DAT from midbrain dissections. Autoradiography was used to assess the functional DAT binding in striatum. Striatal dopamine and its metabolites were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. After nerve crush injury, we found abnormal posturing in the lesioned hindlimb of both mutant and wt mice indicating the profound influence of the nerve lesion (15x vs. 12x relative to control) resembling human peripheral pseudodystonia. In mutant mice the phenotypic abnormalities were increased by about 40 % (p < 0.05). This was accompanied by complex alterations of striatal dopamine homeostasis. Pharmacological blockade of dopamine synthesis reduced severity of dystonia-like movements, whereas treatment with L-Dopa aggravated these but only in mutant mice suggesting a DYT1 related central component relevant to the development of abnormal involuntary movements. Our findings suggest that upon peripheral nerve injury reduced torsinA concentration and environmental stressors may act in concert in causing the central motor network dysfunction of DYT1 dystonia. KW - Dystonia KW - DYT1 KW - dopamine KW - peripheral injury KW - second hit Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147839 VL - 4 IS - 108 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Israel, Ina A1 - Ohsiek, Andrea A1 - Al-Momani, Ehab A1 - Albert-Weissenberger, Christiane A1 - Stetter, Christian A1 - Mencl, Stine A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Kleinschnitz, Christoph A1 - Samnick, Samuel A1 - Sirén, Anna-Leena T1 - Combined [\(^{18}\)F]DPA-714 micro-positron emission tomography and autoradiography imaging of microglia activation after closed head injury in mice JF - Journal of Neuroinflammation N2 - Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. Neuroinflammation contributes to acute damage after TBI and modulates long-term evolution of degenerative and regenerative responses to injury. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of microglia activation to trauma severity, brain energy metabolism, and cellular reactions to injury in a mouse closed head injury model using combined in vivo PET imaging, ex vivo autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry. Methods A weight-drop closed head injury model was used to produce a mixed diffuse and focal TBI or a purely diffuse mild TBI (mTBI) in C57BL6 mice. Lesion severity was determined by evaluating histological damage and functional outcome using a standardized neuroscore (NSS), gliosis, and axonal injury by immunohistochemistry. Repeated intra-individual in vivo μPET imaging with the specific 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) radioligand [\(^{18}\)F]DPA-714 was performed on day 1, 7, and 16 and [\(^{18}\)F]FDG-μPET imaging for energy metabolism on days 2–5 after trauma using freshly synthesized radiotracers. Immediately after [\(^{18}\)F]DPA-714-μPET imaging on days 7 and 16, cellular identity of the [\(^{18}\)F]DPA-714 uptake was confirmed by exposing freshly cut cryosections to film autoradiography and successive immunostaining with antibodies against the microglia/macrophage marker IBA-1. Results Functional outcome correlated with focal brain lesions, gliosis, and axonal injury. [\(^{18}\)F]DPA-714-μPET showed increased radiotracer uptake in focal brain lesions on days 7 and 16 after TBI and correlated with reduced cerebral [\(^{18}\)F]FDG uptake on days 2–5, with functional outcome and number of IBA-1 positive cells on day 7. In autoradiography, [\(^{18}\)F]DPA-714 uptake co-localized with areas of IBA1-positive staining and correlated strongly with both NSS and the number of IBA1-positive cells, gliosis, and axonal injury. After mTBI, numbers of IBA-1 positive cells with microglial morphology increased in both brain hemispheres; however, uptake of [\(^{18}\)F]DPA-714 was not increased in autoradiography or in μPET imaging. Conclusions [\(^{18}\)F]DPA-714 uptake in μPET/autoradiography correlates with trauma severity, brain metabolic deficits, and microglia activation after closed head TBI. KW - neuroinflammation KW - TBI KW - immunohistochemistry KW - weight drop KW - PET KW - diffuse KW - focal KW - TSPO KW - autoradiography KW - IBA-1 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146606 VL - 13 IS - 140 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Beykan, Seval A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Weich, Alexander A1 - Scheurlen, Michael A1 - Bluemel, Christina A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Lassmann, Michael A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Hänscheid, Heribert T1 - The impact of \(^{177}\)Lu-octreotide therapy on \(^{99m}\)Tc-MAG3 clearance is not predictive for late nephropathy JF - Oncotarget N2 - Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors may lead to kidney deterioration. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of \(^{99m}\)Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (\(^{99m}\)Tc-MAG3) clearance for the early detection of PRRT-induced changes on tubular extraction (TE). TE rate (TER) was measured prior to 128 PRRT cycles (7.6±0.4 GBq \(^{177}\)Lu-octreotate/octreotide each) in 32 patients. TER reduction during PRRT was corrected for age-related decrease and analyzed for the potential to predict loss of glomerular filtration (GF). The GF rate (GFR) as measure for renal function was derived from serum creatinine. The mean TER was 234 ± 53 ml/min/1.73 m² before PRRT (baseline) and 221 ± 45 ml/min/1.73 m² after a median follow-up of 370 days. The age-corrected decrease (mean: -3%, range: -27% to +19%) did not reach significance (p=0.09) but significantly correlated with the baseline TER (Spearman p=-0.62, p<0.001). Patients with low baseline TER showed an improved TER after PRRT, high decreases were only observed in individuals with high baseline TER. Pre-therapeutic TER data were inferior to plasma creatinine-derived GFR estimates in predicting late nephropathy. TER assessed by \(^{99m}\)Tc-MAG3­clearance prior to and during PRRT is not suitable as early predictor of renal injury and an increased risk for late nephropathy. KW - renal scintigraphy KW - neuroendocrine tumor KW - 177Lu KW - MAG3 KW - PRRT Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177318 VL - 7 IS - 27 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Reiter, Theresa A1 - Kircher, Malte A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Pelzer, Theo A1 - Pizarro, Carmen A1 - Skowasch, Dirk A1 - Thomas, Lena A1 - Schlesinger-Irsch, Ulrike A1 - Thomas, Daniel A1 - Bundschuh, Ralph A. A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang R. A1 - Gartner, Florian C. T1 - Somatostatin receptor based PET/CT in patients with the suspicion of cardiac sarcoidosis: an initial comparison to cardiac MRI JF - Oncotarget N2 - Diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis is often challenging. Whereas cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with \(^{18}\)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) are most commonly used to evaluate patients, PET/CT using radiolabeled somatostatin receptor (SSTR) ligands for visualization of inflammation might represent a more specific alternative. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of SSTR–PET/CT for detecting cardiac sarcoidosis in comparison to CMR. 15 patients (6 males, 9 females) with sarcoidosis and suspicion on cardiac involvement underwent SSTR-PET/CT imaging and CMR. Images were visually scored. The AHA 17-segment model of the left myocardium was used for localization and comparison of inflamed myocardium for both imaging modalities. In semi-quantitative analysis, mean (SUV\(_{mean}\)) and maximum standardized uptake values (SUV\(_{max}\)) of affected myocardium were calculated and compared with both remote myocardium and left ventricular (LV) cavity. SSTR-PET was positive in 7/15, CMR in 10/15 patients. Of the 3 CMR+/PET- subjects, one patient with minor involvement (<25% of wall thickness in CMR) was missed by PET. The remaining two CMR+/PET- patients displayed no adverse cardiac events during follow-up. In the 17-segment model, PET/CT yielded 27 and CMR 29 positive segments. Overall concordance of the 2 modalities was 96.1% (245/255 segments analyzed). SUV\(_{mean}\) and SUV\(_{max}\) in inflamed areas were 2.0±1.2 and 2.6±1.2, respectively. The lesion-to-remote myocardium and lesion-to-LV cavity ratios were 1.8±0.2 and 1.9±0.2 for SUV\(_{mean}\) and 2.0±0.3 and 1.7±0.3 for SUV\(_{max}\), respectively. Detection of cardiac sarcoidosis by SSTR-PET/CT is feasible. Our data warrant further analysis in larger prospective series. KW - sarcoidosis KW - PET KW - SSTR KW - somatostatin receptor KW - DOTATOC Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175423 VL - 7 IS - 47 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Kleinlein, Irene A1 - Monoranu, Camelia Maria A1 - Linsenmann, Thomas A1 - Kessler, Almuth F. A1 - Rudelius, Martina A1 - Kropf, Saskia A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo A1 - Wester, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Löhr, Mario A1 - Herrmann, Ken T1 - \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT for Imaging of Chemokine Receptor 4 Expression in Glioblastoma JF - Theranostics N2 - Chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) has been reported to be overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM) and to be associated with poor survival. This study investigated the feasibility of non-invasive CXCR4-directed imaging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using the radiolabelled chemokine receptor ligand \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor. 15 patients with clinical suspicion on primary or recurrent glioblastoma (13 primary, 2 recurrent tumors) underwent \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT for assessment of CXCR4 expression prior to surgery. O-(2-\(^{18}\)F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (\(^{18}\)F-FET) PET/CT images were available in 11/15 cases and were compared visually and semi-quantitatively (SUV\(_{max}\), SUV\(_{mean}\)). Tumor-to-background ratios (TBR) were calculated for both PET probes. \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT results were also compared to histological CXCR4 expression on neuronavigated surgical samples. \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT was visually positive in 13/15 cases with SUV\(_{mean}\) and SUV\(_{max}\) of 3.0±1.5 and 3.9±2.0 respectively. Respective values for \(^{18}\)F-FET were 4.4±2.0 (SUV\(_{mean}\)) and 5.3±2.3 (SUV\(_{max}\)). TBR for SUV\(_{mean}\) and SUV\(_{max}\) were higher for \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor than for \(^{18}\)F-FET (SUV\(_{mean}\) 154.0±90.7 vs. 4.1±1.3; SUV\(_{max}\) 70.3±44.0 and 3.8±1.2, p<0.01), respectively. Histological analysis confirmed CXCR4 expression in tumor areas with high \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor uptake; regions of the same tumor without apparent \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor uptake showed no or low receptor expression. In this pilot study, \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor retention has been observed in the vast majority of glioblastoma lesions and served as readout for non-invasive determination of CXCR4 expression. Given the paramount importance of the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis in tumor biology, \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT might prove a useful tool for sensitive, non-invasive in-vivo quantification of CXCR4 as well as selection of patients who might benefit from CXCR4-directed therapy. KW - imaging KW - chemokine receptor-4 KW - glioblastoma KW - positron emission tomography/computed tomography KW - \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168174 VL - 6 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fecher, David A1 - Hofmann, Elisabeth A1 - Buck, Andreas A1 - Bundschuh, Ralph A1 - Nietzer, Sarah A1 - Dandekar, Gudrun A1 - Walles, Thorsten A1 - Walles, Heike A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Steinke, Maria T1 - Human Organotypic Lung Tumor Models: Suitable For Preclinical \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET-Imaging JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Development of predictable in vitro tumor models is a challenging task due to the enormous complexity of tumors in vivo. The closer the resemblance of these models to human tumor characteristics, the more suitable they are for drug-development and –testing. In the present study, we generated a complex 3D lung tumor test system based on acellular rat lungs. A decellularization protocol was established preserving the architecture, important ECM components and the basement membrane of the lung. Human lung tumor cells cultured on the scaffold formed cluster and exhibited an up-regulation of the carcinoma-associated marker mucin1 as well as a reduced proliferation rate compared to respective 2D culture. Additionally, employing functional imaging with 2-deoxy-2-[\(^{18}\)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) these tumor cell cluster could be detected and tracked over time. This approach allowed monitoring of a targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in the in vitro lung tumor model non-destructively. Surprisingly, FDG-PET assessment of single tumor cell cluster on the same scaffold exhibited differences in their response to therapy, indicating heterogeneity in the lung tumor model. In conclusion, our complex lung tumor test system features important characteristics of tumors and its microenvironment and allows monitoring of tumor growth and -metabolism in combination with functional imaging. In longitudinal studies, new therapeutic approaches and their long-term effects can be evaluated to adapt treatment regimes in future. KW - lung and intrathoracic tumors KW - trachea KW - adenocarcinoma of the lung KW - cancer treatment KW - secondary lung tumors KW - pulmonary imaging KW - extracellular matrix KW - collagens Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-179678 VL - 11 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buck, Andreas A1 - Decristoforo, Clemens T1 - Highlights lecture EANM 2015: the search for nuclear medicine's superheroes JF - European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging N2 - The EANM 2015 Annual Congress, held from October 10th to 14th in Hamburg, Germany, was outstanding in many respects. With 5550 participants, this was by far the largest European congress concerning nuclear medicine. More than 1750 scientific presentations were submitted, with more than 250 abstracts from young scientists, indicating that the future success of our discipline is fuelled by a high number of young individuals becoming involved in a multitude of scientific activities. Significant improvements have been made in molecular imaging of cancer, particularly in prostate cancer. PSMA-directed PET/CT appears to become a new gold standard for staging and restaging purposes. Novel tumour specific compounds have shown their potential for target identification also in other solid neoplasms and further our understanding of tumour biology and heterogeneity. In addition, a variety of nuclear imaging techniques guiding surgical interventions have been introduced. A particular focus of the congress was put on targeted, radionuclide based therapies. Novel theranostic concepts addressing also tumour entities with high incidence rates such as prostate cancer, melanoma, and lymphoma, have shown effective anti-tumour activity. Strategies have been presented to improve further already established therapeutic regimens such as somatostatin receptor based radio receptor therapy for treating advanced neuroendocrine tumours. Significant contributions were presented also in the neurosciences track. An increasing number of target structures of high interest in neurology and psychiatry are now available for PET and SPECT imaging, facilitating specific imaging of different subtypes of dementia and movement disorders as well as neuroinflammation. Major contributions in the cardiovascular track focused on further optimization of cardiac perfusion imaging by reducing radiation exposure, reducing scanning time, and improving motion correction. Besides coronary artery disease, many contributions focused on cardiac inflammation, cardiac sarcoidosis, and specific imaging of large vessel vasculitis. The physics and instrumentation track included many highlights such as novel, high resolution scanners. The most noteworthy news and developments of this meeting were summarized in the highlights lecture. Only 55 scientific contributions were mentioned, and hence they represent only a brief summary, which is outlined in this article. For a more detailed view, all presentations can be accessed by the online version of the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (Volume 42, Supplement 1). KW - Conjugate arc therapy KW - Phase-II KW - 18F-FDG PET/CT KW - Highlights Lecture KW - Molecular Imaging KW - Prostate-cancer KW - Radionuclide therapy KW - Myocardial perfusion KW - Preclinical evaluation KW - Targeted therapy KW - Thyroid cancer KW - SPECT KW - 2015 KW - EANM KW - Hamburg KW - Physics and instrumentation KW - Radiopharmacy KW - Oncology KW - Radionuclide Therapy KW - Cardiology KW - Neurosciences Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187613 VL - 43 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Canessa, Andrea A1 - Pozzi, Nicolò G. A1 - Arnulfo, Gabriele A1 - Brumberg, Joachim A1 - Reich, Martin M. A1 - Pezzoli, Gianni A1 - Ghilardi, Maria F. A1 - Matthies, Cordula A1 - Steigerwald, Frank A1 - Volkmann, Jens A1 - Isaias, Ioannis U. T1 - Striatal Dopaminergic Innervation Regulates Subthalamic Beta-Oscillations and Cortical-Subcortical Coupling during Movements: Preliminary Evidence in Subjects with Parkinson's Disease JF - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience N2 - Activation of the basal ganglia has been shown during the preparation and execution of movement. However, the functional interaction of cortical and subcortical brain areas during movement and the relative contribution of dopaminergic striatal innervation remains unclear. We recorded local field potential (LFP) activity from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and high-density electroencephalography (EEG) signals in four patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) off dopaminergic medication during a multi-joint motor task performed with their dominant and non-dominant hand. Recordings were performed by means of a fully-implantable deep brain stimulation (DBS) device at 4 months after surgery. Three patients also performed a single-photon computed tomography (SPECT) with [123I]N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (FP-CIT) to assess striatal dopaminergic innervation. Unilateral movement execution led to event-related desynchronization (ERD) followed by a rebound after movement termination event-related synchronization (ERS) of oscillatory beta activity in the STN and primary sensorimotor cortex of both hemispheres. Dopamine deficiency directly influenced movement-related beta-modulation, with greater beta-suppression in the most dopamine-depleted hemisphere for both ipsi- and contralateral hand movements. Cortical-subcortical, but not interhemispheric subcortical coherencies were modulated by movement and influenced by striatal dopaminergic innervation, being stronger in the most dopamine-depleted hemisphere. The data are consistent with a role of dopamine in shielding subcortical structures from an excessive cortical entrapment and cross-hemispheric coupling, thus allowing fine-tuning of movement. KW - beta oscillations KW - Parkinson’s disease KW - motor control KW - movement disorders KW - imaging KW - subthalamic nucleus KW - coherence analysis Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164061 VL - 10 IS - 611 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brumberg, Joachim A1 - Küsters, Sebastian A1 - Al-Momani, Ehab A1 - Marotta, Giorgio A1 - Cosgrove, Kelly P. A1 - van Dyck, Christopher H. A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Homola, György A. A1 - Pezzoli, Gianni A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Volkmann, Jens A1 - Samnick, Samuel A1 - Isaias, Ioannis U. T1 - Cholinergic activity and levodopa-induced dyskinesia: a multitracer molecular imaging study JF - Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology N2 - Objective: To investigate the association between levodopa‐induced dyskinesias and striatal cholinergic activity in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: This study included 13 Parkinson's disease patients with peak‐of‐dose levodopa‐induced dyskinesias, 12 nondyskinetic patients, and 12 healthy controls. Participants underwent 5‐[\(^{123}\)I]iodo‐3‐[2(S)‐2‐azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine single‐photon emission computed tomography, a marker of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, [\(^{123}\)I]N‐ω‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane single‐photon emission computed tomography, to measure dopamine reuptake transporter density and 2‐[\(^{18}\)F]fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography to assess regional cerebral metabolic activity. Striatal binding potentials, uptake values at basal ganglia structures, and correlations with clinical variables were analyzed. Results: Density of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the caudate nucleus of dyskinetic subjects was similar to that of healthy controls and significantly higher to that of nondyskinetic patients, in particular, contralaterally to the clinically most affected side. Interpretation: Our findings support the hypothesis that the expression of dyskinesia may be related to cholinergic neuronal excitability in a dopaminergic‐depleted striatum. Cholinergic signaling would play a role in maintaining striatal dopaminergic responsiveness, possibly defining disease phenotype and progression. KW - levodopa-induced dyskinesia KW - cholinergic activity KW - Parkinson’s disease Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170406 VL - 4 IS - 9 ER - TY - THES A1 - Omert, Leilah Marie-Luise T1 - Einfluss systemischer Therapie auf die funktionelle Bildgebung des Multiplen Myeloms T1 - Influence of systemic therapy on functional imaging of Multiple Myeloma N2 - Das Multiple Myelom (MM) ist eine maligne hämatologische Erkrankung, die trotz großer Fortschritte in der Therapie immer noch eine schlechte Prognose hat. Bisher ist es nicht möglich, mit einem bildgebenden Verfahren alle Fragen der Diagnostik, der Stadieneinteilung, des Therapiemonitorings und der Evaluation der Prognose des Multiplen Myeloms zu klären. Da es sich beim Multiplen Myelom aber um eine stark heterogene Erkrankung handelt, die eine frühzeitige individuelle Therapie erfordert, ist es unbedingt nötig Verfahren zu entwickeln, die eine spezifische Charakterisierung der Erkrankung bei jedem einzelnen Patienten ermöglichen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die MM-Zelllinien INA-6, MM.1S und OPM-2 mit dem Proteasominhibitor MLN9708 behandelt. Behandelte und unbehandelte Zellen wurden mit dem Standardtracer 2-[18F]-Fluoro-2-Desoxy-D-Glukose (18F-FDG) oder dem in der Anwendung beim Multiplen Myelom neuen Aminosäuretracer [11C]-Methionin (11C-MET) inkubiert und die Aufnahme der Tracer zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten gemessen. Des Weiteren wurde die Ausprägung biologischer Merkmale der MM-Pathogenese bei behandelten und unbehandelten Zellen untersucht. Anschließend wurde ermittelt, ob ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Höhe der Traceraufnahme und der Ausprägung biologischer Merkmale der MM-Pathogenese bei behandelten und unbehandelten Zellen besteht. Hierdurch soll geklärt werden, ob 11C-MET besser zur Diagnostik, dem Therapiemonitoring und der Evaluation der Prognose des Multiplen Myeloms geeignet ist als der Standardtracer 18F-FDG. Es zeigte sich eine signifikant höhere 11C-MET-Aufnahme sowohl unbehandelter als auch behandelter Zellen im Vergleich zu 18F-FDG. Außerdem war eine Unterscheidung zwischen behandelten und unbehandelten Zellen mit 11C-MET besser möglich als mit 18F-FDG. Zwischen Traceraufnahme und biologischen Merkmalen der MM-Pathogenese, wie Proliferation, Expression von intrazellulären Leichtketten, CXCR4 und CD138, ergaben sich für behandelte und unbehandelte Zellen variable Zusammenhänge. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass 11C-MET besser zur Diagnostik und zum Therapiemonitoring des Multiplen Myeloms geeignet ist als der Standardtracer 18F-FDG. Ob 11C-MET auch zur Stadieneinteilung und zur Evaluation der Prognose des Multiplen Myeloms besser geeignet ist als 18F-FDG, muss in weiteren Studien untersucht werden. N2 - Despite new therapies Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains a hematologic malignancy with poor prognosis. Because of marked disease heterogeneity outcomes are extremely variable. The role of functional imaging, such as positron emission tomography for diagnosis, therapy monitoring, staging and prognostication is being investigated for a few years. This study evaluated the radiotracers 11C-Methionine (paraprotein-biosynthesis) and 18F-FDG (glucose-utilization) for diagnosis, therapy monitoring, staging and outcome prediction of MM. Influence of proteasome-inhibitor MLN9708 (Ixazomib) on radiotracer-uptake of different MM cell-lines was analyzed and related to tumor-biology. Both untreated and treated MM cells significantly took up more 11C-Methionine than 18F-FDG. Discrimination of treated and untreated cells was only possible with 11C-Methionine. Correlations between tracer uptake and tumor biology were variable for both tracers. These results suggest that 11C-Methionine is superior to 18F-FDG in diagnosis and therapy monitoring of MM. The suitability of 11C-Methionine for staging and prognostication has to be evaluated in further studies. KW - Multiples Myelom KW - Bildgebung KW - PET Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154793 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Werner, Rudolf A1 - Hayakawa, Nobuyuki A1 - Arias-Loza, Paula-Anah A1 - Wakabayashi, Hiroshi A1 - Shinaji, Tetsuya A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Pelzer, Theo A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Bildgebung der frühen linksventrikulären Dysfunktion mit ECG-gated F-18-FDG PET in einem Diabetes-Ratten-Modell T2 - Nuklearmedizin N2 - Einleitung: Die linksventrikuläre diastolische Dysfunktion (LVDD) ist bei Diabetikern noch vor Entwicklung einer klinisch apparenten Herzinsuffizienz eines der ersten Anzeichen einer kardialen Beteiligung. Daher soll in dieser Studie untersucht werden, ob die LVDD mit ECG-gated F-18-FDG PET in einem Diabetes-Rattenmodell dargestellt werden kann. Methodik: Es wurden F-18-FDG PET Scans in einem Typ-2-Diabetes Rattenmodell (ZDF fa/fa, n=6) und in ZL Kontrollen (n=6) vorgenommen (Alter, jeweils 13 Wochen). Unter Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp-Technik wurden 37 MBq 18F-FDG über die Schwanzvene appliziert. 15-35 Minuten nach Tracergabe wurden mittels eines Kleintier-PET-Scanners sowie unter EKG-Ableitung PET Scans angefertigt (16 frames/cardiac cycle). Die linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion (EF) und die Peak Füllrate (PFR) wurden mittels einer geeigneten Software (Heart Function View) gemessen, wobei die Software an die Größe des Rattenherzes angepasst wurde. Ergebnisse: Im Alter von 13 Wochen entwickeln ZDF Diabetes-Ratten eine im Vergleich zu Kontrolltieren eine signifikante myokardiale Hypertrophie, bestätigt durch post-mortem Analyse des Herzgewichtes (994±78mg vs. 871±44mg in ZDF Diabetes-Ratten vs. ZL Kontrollen, p<0.01). ECG-gated PET zeigte eine signifikante Abnahme der LV diastolischen PFR (10.4±0.5 vs. 11.8±0.4 EDV/sec in ZDF Diabetes-Ratten vs. ZL Kontrollen, p<0.001), jedoch zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen LVEF und der Herzfrequenz in den untersuchten ZDF Diabetes-Ratten und Kontrollen (LVEF: 60.0±4.5 vs. 63.7±4.1%, n.s. und HR: 305±25 vs. 323±24 bpm, n.s.). Schlussfolgerung: Im Diabetes-Ratten-Modell kann unter Verwendung eines ECG-gated FDG-PET Protokolls die diastolische Dysfunktion als Parameter der frühen diabetischen Kardiomyopathie nachgewiesen werden. KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - Diabetes KW - diabetische Kardiomyopathie KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - PET KW - EKG KW - ECG KW - ECG-gated Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161396 UR - http://www.nuklearmedizin.de/jahrestagungen/abstr_online2017/print_abstract_pdf.php SN - 0029-5566 N1 - This article is not an exact copy of the original published article in Nuklearmedizin. The definitive publisher-authenticated version of „Bildgebung der frühen linksventrikulären Dysfunktion mit ECG-gated F-18-FDG PET in einem Diabetes-Ratten-Modell. Nuklearmedizin 2017; 56 (Abstract Nr.: V119).“ is available online at http://www.nuklearmedizin.de/jahrestagungen/abstr_online2017/print_abstract_pdf.php VL - 56 IS - 2 PB - Schattauer Verlag ER - TY - THES A1 - Neumann, Sabrina T1 - Beta-Strahlenexposition der Finger bei der Radiosynoviorthese T1 - Beta-Radioexposure to fingertips during radiosynovectomy N2 - There are few, but worrisome, data available on fingertip radiation exposure of medical personnel during radiosynovectomy (RSV). To reduce radiation exposure, we performed a dedicated application procedure. This report summarizes the acquired skin equivalent dose [Hp(0.07)] of the personnel involved in the preparation and administration of the three RSV !-emitters 90Y, 186Re and 169Er. Over a period of 3 years, 547 joints in 368 patients were treated with 52 421MBq of the aforementioned three radionuclides. The Hp(0.07) was recorded with thermoluminescence dosimeters worn on the dominant index fingertip and was analysed monthly. Eight staff members were exposed to an Hp(0.07) of 492 mSv. The cumulative dose was less than 10 μSv/MBq. The dose per person was 1.1 μSv/MBq in physicians and up to 4.5 μSv/MBq in technicians. The accumulated personal Hp(0.07) during RSV was far below the regulatory limit and published data. N2 - Die Radiosynoviorthese ist ein etabliertes Therapieverfahren zur Behandlung der Synovialitis. Da bei der Radiosynoviorthese die Handhabung von radioaktiven β-Strahlern wie Yttrium, Rhenium und Erbium notwendig ist, sind bestimmte Schutzmaßnahmen einzuhalten. Zum Schutze des Patienten wurden Leitlinien aufgestellt, um die Strahlenbelastung so gering wie möglich zu halten. Die Exposition der bei der Vorbereitung und Applikation beteiligten Ärzte, Radiopharmazeuten sowie beteiligten Krankenschwestern bietet Raum für weitere Verbesserungen. Eine Untersuchung des Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz dokumentiert höchst bedenkliche Zahlen, für die β-Ortsdosimetrie, die die zulässige Jahresdosis um ein Vielfaches überschreiten können. Die Einführung von sogenannten Thermolumineszensdetektoren, getragen als Ringdosimeter an den Grundgelenken der Zeigefinger, sollen realistische Expositionswerte aufzeichnen und somit eine Kontrolle der Dosis ermöglichen. Diese TLD’s sind mit der Markierung „RSO“ gekennzeichnet und werden nur bei der Arbeit mit den radioaktiven Substanzen getragen. Die monatliche Auswertung dokumentiert die Strahlenexposition der beteiligten Personen. In verschiedenen Studien wurden Methoden zur Minimierung der Strahlenexposition getestet. Sie führten zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Abschirmung mit Acrylglas, die Abstandshaltung durch langschenklige Zangen sowie das Tragen von Nitril-Handschuhen am effektivsten zu einer Verringerung der Expositionswerte beitragen. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Auswertung von Daten aus drei Jahren war es, die Effektivität der an der Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin in Würzburg praktizierten Strahlenschutzmaßnahmen zu untersuchen. Über einen Zeitraum von drei Jahren wurden 547 Gelenke in 368 Patienten mit 52.421 MBq, der drei Radionuklide 169Er, 186Re und 90Y behandelt. Die Oberflächenpersonendosis Hp(0,07) wurde mittels Fingerringdosimeter aufgezeichnet. Die acht an der Radiosynoviorthese beteiligten Personen erhielten eine kumulative Hautdosis Hp(0,07) von 498 mSv. Die kumulative Dosis pro Aktivität betrug somit weniger als 10 mSv/Bq. Sie lag pro Arzt bei 1,1 μSv/MBq und pro MTA bei bis zu 4,5 μSv/MBq. Die akkumulierte Hautdosis Hp (0,07) während der Radiosynoviorthese war somit weitaus geringer im Vergleich zu den gesetzlichen Vorgaben und den zur Verfügung stehenden publizierten Daten. KW - Radiosynoviorthese KW - Beta-Strahlenexposition KW - Yttrium KW - Rhenium KW - Erbium KW - radiosynovectomy Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154271 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Arias-Loza, Paula A1 - Hayakawa, Nobuyuki A1 - Wakabayashi, Hiroshi A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Shinaji, Tetsuya A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Pelzer, Theo A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Whitening and impaired glucose utilization of brown adipose tissue in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an attractive therapeutic target to combat diabetes and obesity due to its ability to increase glucose expenditure. In a genetic rat model (ZDF fa/fa) of type-2 diabetes and obesity, we aimed to investigate glucose utilization of BAT by \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET imaging. Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and Male Zucker lean (ZL) control rats were studied at 13 weeks. Three weeks prior to imaging, ZDF rats were randomized into a no-restriction (ZDF-ND) and a mild calorie restriction (ZDF-CR) group. Dynamic \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET using a dedicated small animal PET system was performed under hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET identified intense inter-scapular BAT glucose uptake in all ZL control rats, while no focally increased \(^{18}\)F-FDG uptake was detected in all ZDF-ND rats. Mild but significant improved BAT tracer uptake was identified after calorie restriction in diabetic rats (ZDF-CR). The weight of BAT tissue and fat deposits were significantly increased in ZDF-CR and ZDF-ND rats as compared to ZL controls, while UCP-1 and mitochondrial concentrations were significantly decreased. Whitening and severely impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in BAT was confirmed in a rat model of type-2 diabetes. Additionally, calorie restriction partially restored the impaired BAT glucose uptake. KW - molecular medicine KW - endocrinology Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159066 VL - 7 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Werner, Rudolf A1 - Kobayashi, Ryohei A1 - Wakabayashi, Hiroshi A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Menke, Andreas A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Effect of Antidepressants on Radiolabeled Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) Uptake T2 - European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging N2 - No abstract available. KW - MIBG KW - Metaiodobenzylguanidine KW - mIBG KW - antidepressants Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161116 SN - 2047-2404 N1 - This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging following peer review. The version of record Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. ISSN: 2047-2404. Supplement, vol. 18, i52-53, May 2017 is available online at: 10.1093/ehjci/jex080. VL - 18 IS - Supplement PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Werner, Rudolf A1 - Wakabayashi, Hiroshi A1 - Jahns, Roland A1 - Ergün, Süleyman A1 - Jahns, Valerie A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - PET-Guided Histological Characterization of Myocardial Infiltrating Cells in a Rat Model of Myocarditis T2 - European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging N2 - No abstract available. KW - Myokarditis KW - positron emission tomography KW - myocarditis KW - PET KW - 18F-FDG Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161127 SN - 2047-2404 N1 - This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging following peer review. The version of record . Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. ISSN: 2047-2404. Supplement, vol. 18, i1-i3, May 2017 is available online at: 10.1093/ehjci/jex071. VL - 18 IS - Supplement PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Werner, Rudolf A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Robinson, Simon A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Intracellular behavior of the novel sympathetic nerve agent \(^{18}\)F-LMI1195 T2 - Journal of Nuclear Cardiology N2 - No abstract available. KW - Herz KW - PET KW - sympathetic nerve KW - autonomic nervous system KW - 18F-LMI1195 KW - positron emission tomography KW - heart KW - cardiac Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161137 SN - 1071-3581 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in J Nucl Cardiol. ISSN: 1071-3581. Supplement (2017) Aug;24;4: 1461-1496. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12350-017-0984-y VL - 24 IS - 4 Supplement (2017) Aug ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Werner, Rudolf A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Muegge, Dirk A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Märkl, Bruno A1 - Aulmann, Christoph A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Kreissl, Michael C. T1 - Predictive value of FDG-PET in patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer undergoing vandetanib treatment T2 - Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - Introduction: The prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is poor using common chemotherapeutic approaches. However, during the last years encouraging results of recently introduced tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as vandetanib have been published. In this study we aimed to correlate the results of \(^{18}\)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([\(^{18}\)F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with treatment outcome. Methods: Eighteen patients after thyroidectomy with recurrent/advanced MTC lesions receiving vandetanib (300 mg orally/day) could be analysed. A baseline \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET prior to and a follow-up \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET 3 months after TKI initiation were performed. During follow-up, tumor progression was assessed every 3 months including computed tomography according to RECIST. Progression-free survival (PFS) was correlated with the maximum standardized uptake value of \(^{18}\)F-FDG in lymph nodes (SUV(LN)max) or visceral metastases (SUV(MTS)max) as well as with clinical parameters using ROC analysis. Results: Within median 3.6 years of follow-up, 9 patients showed disease progression at median 8.5 months after TKI initiation. An elevated glucose consumption assessed by baseline \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET (SUV(LN)max > 7.25) could predict a shorter PFS (2 y) with an accuracy of 76.5% (SUV(LN)max <7.25, 4.3 y; p=0.03). Accordingly, preserved tumor metabolism in the follow-up PET (SUV(MTS)max >2.7) also demonstrated an unfavorable prognosis (accuracy, 85.7%). On the other hand, none of the clinical parameters reached significance in response prediction. Conclusions: In patients with advanced and progressive MTC, tumors with higher metabolic activity at baseline are more aggressive and more prone to progression as reflected by a shorter PFS; they should be monitored more closely. Preserved glucose consumption 3 months after treatment initiation was also related to poorer prognosis. KW - 18F-FDG KW - vandetanib KW - TKI KW - PET KW - positron emission tomography Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161147 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/58/supplement_1/169 SN - 0161-5505 N1 - This research was originally published in JNM. Rudolf A. Werner, Takahiro Higuchi, Dirk O. Muegge, Mehrbod S. Javadi, B. Märkl, C. Aulmann, Andreas K. Buck, Martin Fassnacht, Constantin Lapa, Michael C. Kreissl. Predictive value of FDG-PET in patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer undergoing vandetanib treatment. J Nucl Med. May 1, 2017; vol. 58 no. supplement 1:169. © SNMMI. VL - 58 IS - no. supplement 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Werner, Rudolf A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Buck, Andreas A1 - Lassmann, Michael A1 - Hänscheid, Heribert T1 - Less is sometimes more – Accurate Dose Mapping after Endoradiotherapy with \(^{177}\)Lu-DOTATATE/-TOC by One-Single Measurement after 96 h T2 - Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - No abstract available. KW - Neuroendocrine Tumor KW - theranostics KW - 177Lu-DOTATATE KW - 177Lu-DOTATOC KW - PRRT Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161168 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/58/supplement_1/247.abstract SN - 0161-5505 N1 - This research was originally published in JNM. Werner R.A., Lapa C., Buck A.K., Lassmann M., Hänscheid H.Less is sometimes more – Accurate Dose Mapping after Endoradiotherapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE/-TOC by One-Single Measurement after 96 h. J Nucl Med May 1, 2017 vol. 58 no. supplement 1:247. © SNMMI VL - 58 IS - No. Supplement 1 PB - Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Kircher, Stefan A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Kropf, Saskia A1 - Pelzer, Theo A1 - Walles, Thorsten A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Weber, Wolfgang A. A1 - Wester, Hans-Juergen A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Lückerath, Katharina T1 - Targeting CXCR4 with [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor: a suitable theranostic approach in pleural mesothelioma? JF - Oncotarget N2 - C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a key factor for tumor growth and metastasis in several types of human cancer. This study investigated the feasibility of CXCR4-directed imaging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Six patients with pleural mesothelioma underwent [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT. 2′-[\(^{18}\)F]fluoro-2′-deoxy-D-glucose ([\(^{18}\)F]FDG)-PET/CT (4/6 patients) and immunohistochemistry obtained from biopsy or surgery (all) served as standards of reference. Additionally, 9 surgical mesothelioma samples were available for histological work-up. Whereas [\(^{18}\)F]FDG-PET depicted active lesions in all patients, [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT recorded physiologic tracer distribution and none of the 6 patients presented [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-positive lesions. This finding paralleled results of immunohistochemistry which also could not identify relevant CXCR4 surface expression in the samples analyzed. In contrast to past reports, our data suggest widely absence of CXCR4 expression in pleural mesothelioma. Hence, robust cell surface expression should be confirmed prior to targeting this chemokine receptor for diagnosis and/or therapy. KW - PET KW - CXCR4 KW - [\(^{68}\)Ga] pentixafor KW - pleural mesothelioma KW - theranostics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-169989 VL - 8 IS - 57 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Weich, Alexander A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Schmid, Jan S. A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Lassmann, Michael A1 - Wild, Vanessa A1 - Rudelius, Martina A1 - Kudlich, Theodor A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Scheurlen, Michael A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Kropf, Saskia A1 - Wester, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Lapa, Constantin T1 - Imaging of Chemokine Receptor 4 Expression in Neuroendocrine Tumors - a Triple Tracer Comparative Approach JF - Theranostics N2 - C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are overexpressed in gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the feasibility of non-invasive CXCR4 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in GEP-NET patients using [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor in comparison to \(^{68}\)Ga-DOTA-D-Phe-Tyr3-octreotide ([\(^{68}\)Ga]DOTATOC) and \(^{18}\)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([\(^{18}\)F]FDG). Twelve patients with histologically proven GEP-NET (3xG1, 4xG2, 5xG3) underwent [\(^{68}\)Ga]DOTATOC, [\(^{18}\)F]FDG, and [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT for staging and planning of the therapeutic management. Scans were analyzed on a patient as well as on a lesion basis and compared to immunohistochemical staining patterns of CXCR4 and somatostatin receptors SSTR2a and SSTR5. [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor visualized tumor lesions in 6/12 subjects, whereas [\(^{18}\)F]FDG revealed sites of disease in 10/12 and [\(^{68}\)Ga]DOTATOC in 11/12 patients, respectively. Regarding sensitivity, SSTR-directed PET was the superior imaging modality in all G1 and G2 NET. CXCR4-directed PET was negative in all G1 NET. In contrast, 50% of G2 and 80% of G3 patients exhibited [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-positive tumor lesions. Whereas CXCR4 seems to play only a limited role in detecting well-differentiated NET, increasing receptor expression could be non-invasively observed with increasing tumor grade. Thus, [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT might serve as non-invasive read-out for evaluating the possibility of CXCR4-directed endoradiotherapy in advanced dedifferentiated SSTR-negative tumors. KW - SSTR KW - peptide receptor radionuclide therapy KW - neuroendocrine tumor KW - [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor KW - CXCR4 KW - chemokine receptor KW - PET/CT KW - DOTATOC KW - PRRT KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158008 VL - 7 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Hänscheid, Heribert A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Schottelius, Margret A1 - Kircher, Malte A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Schreder, Martin A1 - Samnick, Samuel A1 - Kropf, Saskia A1 - Knop, Stefan A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Wester, Hans-Juergen A1 - Kortüm, K. Martin T1 - CXCR4-directed endoradiotherapy induces high response rates in extramedullary relapsed multiple myeloma JF - Theranostics N2 - C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a key factor for tumor growth and metastasis in several types of human cancer. We have recently reported promising first-in-man experience with CXCR4-directed endoradiotherapy (ERT) in multiple myeloma (MM). Eight heavily pretreated MM patients underwent a total of 10 ERT cycles (7 patients with 1 cycle and a single patient with 3 cycles). ERT was administered in combination with chemotherapy and autologous stem cell support. End points were occurrence and timing of adverse events, progression-free and overall survival. ERT was overall well tolerated without any unexpected acute adverse events or changes in vital signs. With absorbed tumor doses >30-70 Gy in intra- or extramedullary lesions, significant anti-myeloma activity was observed with 1 patient achieving complete remission and 5/8 partial remission. Directly after ERT major infectious complications were seen in one patient who died from sepsis 22 days after ERT, another patient with high tumor burden experienced lethal tumor lysis syndrome. Median progression-free survival was 54 days (range, 13-175), median overall survival was 223 days (range, 13-313). During follow-up (6 patients available), one patient died from infectious complications, 2/8 from disease progression, the remaining 3/8 patients are still alive. CXCR4-directed ERT was well-tolerated and exerted anti-myeloma activity even at very advanced stage MM with presence of extramedullary disease. Further assessment of this novel treatment option is highly warranted. KW - medicine KW - multiple myeloma KW - PET KW - CXCR4 KW - theranostics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172095 VL - 7 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Schreder, Martin A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Samnick, Samuel A1 - Kortüm, Klaus Martin A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Kropf, Saskia A1 - Einsele, Herrmann A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Wester, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Knop, Stefan A1 - Lückerath, Katharina T1 - [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT for imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in multiple myeloma - comparison to [\(^{18}\)F]FDG and laboratory values JF - Theranostics N2 - Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a key factor for tumor growth and metastasis in several types of human cancer including multiple myeloma (MM). Proof-of-concept of CXCR4-directed radionuclide therapy in MM has recently been reported. This study assessed the diagnostic performance of the CXCR4-directed radiotracer [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor in MM and a potential role for stratifying patients to CXCR4-directed therapies. Thirty-five patients with MM underwent [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT for evaluation of eligibility for endoradiotherapy. In 19/35 cases, [\(^{18}\)F]FDG-PET/CT for correlation was available. Scans were compared on a patient and on a lesion basis. Tracer uptake was correlated with standard clinical parameters of disease activity. [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET detected CXCR4-positive disease in 23/35 subjects (66%). CXCR4-positivity at PET was independent from myeloma subtypes, cytogenetics or any serological parameters and turned out as a negative prognostic factor. In the 19 patients in whom a comparison to [\(^{18}\)F]FDG was available, [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET detected more lesions in 4/19 (21%) subjects, [\(^{18}\)F]FDG proved superior in 7/19 (37%). In the remaining 8/19 (42%) patients, both tracers detected an equal number of lesions. [\(^{18}\)F]FDG-PET positivity correlated with [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET positivity (p=0.018). [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET provides further evidence that CXCR4 expression frequently occurs in advanced multiple myeloma, representing a negative prognostic factor and a potential target for myeloma specific treatment. However, selecting patients for CXCR4 directed therapies and prognostic stratification seem to be more relevant clinical applications for this novel imaging modality, rather than diagnostic imaging of myeloma. KW - medicine KW - multiple myeloma KW - FDG KW - molecular imaging KW - CXCR4 KW - PET KW - radionuclide therapy KW - theranostics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172106 VL - 7 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Sheikhbahaei, Sara A1 - Jones, Krystyna M. A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Solnes, Lilja B. A1 - Ross, Ashley E. A1 - Allaf, Mohamad E. A1 - Pienta, Kenneth J. A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Pomper, Martin G. A1 - Gorin, Micheal A. A1 - Rowe, Steven P. T1 - Patterns of uptake of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted \(^{18}\)F-DCFPyL in peripheral ganglia JF - Annals of Nuclear Medicine N2 - Objective: Radiotracers targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have increasingly been recognized as showing uptake in a number of normal structures, anatomic variants, and non-prostate-cancer pathologies. We aimed to explore the frequency and degree of uptake in peripheral ganglia in patients undergoing PET with the PSMA-targeted agent \(^{18}\)F-DCFPyL. Methods: A total of 98 patients who underwent \(^{18}\)F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging were retrospectively analyzed. This included 76 men with prostate cancer (PCa) and 22 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC; 13 men, 9 women). Scans were evaluated for uptake in the cervical, stellate, celiac, lumbar and sacral ganglia. Maximum standardized uptake value corrected to body weight (SUV\(_{max}\)), and maximum standardized uptake value corrected to lean body mass (SUL\(_{max}\)) were recorded for all ganglia with visible uptake above background. Ganglia-to-background ratios were calculated by dividing the SUV\(_{max}\) and SUL\(_{max}\) values by the mean uptake in the ascending aorta (Aortamean) and the right gluteus muscle (Gluteusmean). Results: Overall, 95 of 98 (96.9%) patients demonstrated uptake in at least one of the evaluated peripheral ganglia. With regard to the PCa cohort, the most frequent sites of radiotracer accumulation were lumbar ganglia (55/76, 72.4%), followed by the cervical ganglia (51/76, 67.1%). Bilateral uptake was found in the majority of cases [lumbar 44/55 (80%) and cervical 30/51 (58.8%)]. Additionally, discernible radiotracer uptake was recorded in 50/76 (65.8%) of the analyzed stellate ganglia and in 45/76 (59.2%) of the celiac ganglia, whereas only 5/76 (6.6%) of the sacral ganglia demonstrated \(^{18}\)F-DCFPyL accumulation. Similar findings were observed for patients with RCC, with the most frequent locations of radiotracer uptake in both the lumbar (20/22, 90.9%) and cervical ganglia (19/ 22, 86.4%). No laterality preference was found in mean PSMA-ligand uptake for either the PCa or RCC cohorts. Conclusion: As PSMA-targeted agents become more widely disseminated, the patterns of uptake in structures that are not directly relevant to patients’ cancers must be understood. This is the first systematic evaluation of the uptake of \(^{18}\)F-DCFPyL in ganglia demonstrating a general trend with a descending frequency of radiotracer accumulation in lumbar, cervical, stellate, celiac, and sacral ganglia. The underlying biology that leads to variability of PSMA-targeted radiotracers in peripheral ganglia is not currently understood, but may provide opportunities for future research. KW - 18F-DCFPL KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - Prostata KW - PSMA KW - Ganglia KW - Pitfall KW - PET KW - Tracer KW - Radiotracer KW - Imaging pitfalls KW - Prostate Cancer Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166971 SN - 0914-7187 VL - 31 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Garcia-Velloso, Maria J. A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Samnick, Samuel A1 - Schreder, Martin A1 - Otero, Paula Rodriguez A1 - Schmid, Jan-Stefan A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Knop, Stefan A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - San-Miguel, Jesus A1 - Kortüm, Klaus Martin T1 - \(^{11}\)C-methionine-PET in multiple myeloma: a combined study from two different institutions JF - Theranostics N2 - \(^{11}\)C-methionine (MET) has recently emerged as an accurate marker of tumor burden and disease activity in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). This dual-center study aimed at further corroboration of the superiority of MET as positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for staging and re-staging MM, as compared to \(^{18}\)F-2`-deoxy-2`-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG). 78 patients with a history of solitary plasmacytoma (n=4), smoldering MM (SMM, n=5), and symptomatic MM (n=69) underwent both MET- and FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) at the University Centers of Würzburg, Germany and Navarra, Spain. Scans were compared on a patient and on a lesion basis. Inter-reader agreement was also evaluated. In 2 patients, tumor biopsies for verification of discordant imaging results were available. MET-PET detected focal lesions (FL) in 59/78 subjects (75.6%), whereas FDG-PET/CT showed lesions in only 47 patients (60.3%; p<0.01), accordingly disease activity would have been missed in 12 patients. Directed biopsies of discordant results confirmed MET-PET/CT results in both cases. MET depicted more FL in 44 patients (56.4%; p<0.01), whereas in two patients (2/78), FDG proved superior. In the remainder (41.0%, 32/78), both tracers yielded comparable results. Inter-reader agreement for MET was higher than for FDG (κ = 0.82 vs κ = 0.72). This study demonstrates higher sensitivity of MET in comparison to standard FDG to detect intra- and extramedullary MM including histologic evidence of FDG-negative, viable disease exclusively detectable by MET-PET/CT. MET holds the potential to replace FDG as functional imaging standard for staging and re-staging of MM. KW - medicine KW - PET/CT KW - \(^{11}\)C-methionine KW - multiple myeloma KW - FDG Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172038 VL - 7 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A1 - Schmid, Jan-Stefan A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Rowe, Steven P. A1 - Märkl, Bruno A1 - Aulmann, Christoph A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Kroiß, Matthias A1 - Reiners, Christoph A1 - Buck, Andreas A1 - Kreissl, Michael A1 - Lapa, Constantin T1 - Predictive value of \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma treated with vandetanib JF - Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - Introduction: Therapeutic options in advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have markedly improved since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). We aimed to assess the role of metabolic imaging using 2-deoxy-2-(\(^{18}\)F)fluoro-D-glucose (\(^{18}\)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) shortly before and 3 months after initiation of TKI treatment. Methods: Eighteen patients with advanced and progressive MTC scheduled for vandetanib treatment underwent baseline \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT prior to and 3 months after TKI treatment initiation. During follow-up, CT scans were performed every 3 months and analyzed according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST). The predictive value for estimating progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was examined by investigating \(^{18}\)F-FDG mean/maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmean/max) of the metabolically most active lesion as well as by analyzing clinical parameters (tumor marker doubling times {calcitonin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)}, prior therapies, RET (rearranged during transfection) mutational status, and disease type). Results: Within a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 9 patients experienced disease progression after a median time interval of 2.1y whereas the remainder had ongoing disease control (n=5 partial response and n=4 stable disease). Eight of the 9 patients with progressive disease died from MTC after a median of 3.5y after TKI initiation. Pre-therapeutic SUVmean >4.0 predicted a significantly shorter PFS (PFS: 1.9y vs. 5.2y; p=0.04). Furthermore, sustained high 18F-FDG uptake at 3 months with a SUVmean>2.8 tended to portend an unfavorable prognosis with a PFS of 1.9y (vs. 3.5y; p=0.3). Prolonged CEA doubling times were significantly correlated with longer PFS (r=0.7) and OS (r=0.76, p<0.01, respectively). None of the other clinical parameters had prognostic significance. Conclusions: Pre-therapeutic \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT holds prognostic information in patients with advanced MTC scheduled for treatment with the TKI vandetanib. Low tumor metabolism of SUVmean < 4.0 prior to treatment predicts longer progression-free survival. KW - positron emission tomography KW - Medullärer Schilddrüsenkrebs KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - medullary thyroid carcinoma KW - tyrosine kinase inhibitor KW - vandetanib KW - 2- deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose KW - 18F-FDG Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161256 SN - 0161-5505 N1 - This research was originally published in JNM. Rudolf A. Werner, Jan-Stefan Schmid, Takahiro Higuchi, Mehrbod S. Javadi, Steven P. Rowe, Bruno Märkl, Christoph Aulmann, Martin Fassnacht, Matthias Kroiss, Christoph Reiners, Andreas K. Buck, Michael C. Kreissl, Constantin Lapa. Predictive value of 18F-FDG PET in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma treated with vandetanib. J Nucl Med. May 1, 2018;vol. 59 no. 5: 756-761. © SNMMI. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A1 - Wakabyashi, Hiroshi A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Hirano, Mitsuru A1 - Shinaji, Tetsuya A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Rowe, Steven A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Functional renal imaging with \(^{18}\)F-FDS PET in rat models of renal disorders JF - Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - Background: Precise regional quantitative assessment of renal function is limited with conventional \(^{99m}\)Tc-labeled renal radiotracers. A recent study reported that the positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer 2-deoxy-2-(\(^{18}\)F-fluorosorbitol (\(^{18}\)F-FDS) has ideal pharmacokinetics for functional renal imaging. Furthermore, (\(^{18}\)F-FDS is available via simple reduction from routinely used 2-deoxy-2-(\(^{18}\)F-fluoro-D-glucose ((\(^{18}\)F-FDG). We aimed to further investigate the potential of (\(^{18}\)F-FDS PET as a functional renal imaging agent using rat models of kidney diseases. Methods: Two different rat models of renal impairment were investigated: Glycerol induced acute renal failure (ARF) by intramuscular administration of glycerol in hind legs and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) by ligation of the left ureter. 24h after these treatments, dynamic 30 min 18F-FDS PET data were acquired using a dedicated small animal PET system. Urine 18F-FDS radioactivity 30 min after radiotracer injection was measured together with co-injected \(^{99m}\)Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (\(^{99m}\)Tc-DTPA) urine activity. Results: Dynamic PET imaging demonstrated rapid (\(^{18}\)F-FDS accumulation in the renal cortex and rapid radiotracer excretion via kidneys in control healthy rats. On the other hand, significantly delayed renal radiotracer uptake (continuous slow uptake) was observed in ARF rats and UUO-treated kidneys. Measured urine radiotracer concentrations of (\(^{18}\)F-FDS and \(^{99m}\)Tc-DTPA were well correlated (R=0.84, P<0.05). Conclusions: (\(^{18}\)F-FDS PET demonstrated favorable kinetics for functional renal imaging in rat models of kidney diseases. Advantages of high spatiotemporal resolution of PET imaging and simple tracer production could potentially complement or replace conventional renal scintigraphy in select cases and significantly improve the diagnostic performance of renal functional imaging. KW - unilateral ureteral obstruction KW - Nierenfunktionsstörung KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - 18F-FDS KW - 99mTc-DTPA KW - PET KW - renal failure KW - Glomerular filtration Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161279 SN - 0161-5505 N1 - This research was originally published in JNM. Rudolf A. Werner, Hiroshi Wakabayashi, Xinyu Chen, Mitsuru Hirano, Tetsuya Shinaji, Constantin Lapa, Steven P. Rowe, Mehrbod S. Javadi and Takahiro Higuchi. Functional renal imaging with 18F-FDS PET in rat models of renal disorders. J Nucl Med. May 1, 2018;vol. 59 no. 5: 828-832. © SNMMI. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Kobayashi, Ryohei A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod Som A1 - Köck, Zoe A1 - Wakabayashi, Hiroshi A1 - Unterecker, Stefan A1 - Nakajima, Kenichi A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Menke, Andreas A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Impact of Novel Antidepressants on Cardiac Metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) Uptake: Experimental Studies in SK-N-SH Cells and Healthy Rabbits JF - Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - Background: \(^{123}\)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) provides independent prognostic value for risk stratification among heart failure patients, but the use of concomitant medication should not impact its quantitative information. We aimed to evaluate the four most-prescribed antidepressants currently used as a first‑line treatment for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and their potential on altering mIBG imaging results. Methods: The inhibition effect of four different types of antidepressants (desipramine, escitalopram, venlafaxine and bupropion) for MDD treatment on \(^{131}\)I-mIBG uptake was assessed by in-vitro cell uptake assays using human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of tracer uptake was determined from dose-response curves. To evaluate the effects of IV pretreatment with desipramine (1.5 mg/kg) and escitalopram (2.5, 15 mg/kg) on mIBG cardiac uptake, in-vivo planar 123I-mIBG scans in healthy New Zealand White Rabbits were conducted. Results: The IC50 values of desipramine, escitalopram, venlafaxine and bupropion on \(^{131}\)I-mIBG cellular uptake were 11.9 nM, 7.5 μM, 4.92 μM, and 12.9 μM, respectively. At the maximum serum concentration (Cmax, as derived by previous clinical trials), the inhibition rates of 131I-mIBG uptake were 90.6 % for desipramine, 25.5 % for venlafaxine, 11.7 % for bupropion and 0.72 % for escitalopram. A low inhibition rate for escitalopram in the cell uptake study triggered investigation of an in-vivo rabbit model: with dosage considerably higher than clinical practice, the non-inhibitory effect of escitalopram was confirmed. Furthermore, pretreatment with desipramine led to a marked reduction of cardiac 123I-mIBG uptake. Conclusions: In the present in-vitro binding assay and in-vivo rabbit study, the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram had no major impact on neuronal cardiac mIBG uptake within therapeutic dose ranges, while other types of first-line antidepressants for MDD treatment led to a significant decrease. These preliminary results warrant further confirmatory clinical trials regarding the reliability of cardiac mIBG imaging, in particular, if the patient’s neuropsychiatric status would not tolerate withdrawal of a potentially norepinephrine interfering antidepressant. KW - MDD KW - Antidepressants KW - depression KW - 123I-mIBG KW - antidepressant KW - cardiac sympathetic nerve system KW - major depressive disorder KW - myocardial sympathetic innervation imaging Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161280 SN - 0161-5505 N1 - This research was originally published in JNM. Rudolf A. Werner, Ryohei Kobayashi, Mehrbod Som Javadi, Zoe Köck, Hiroshi Wakabayashi, Stefan Unterecker, Kenichi Nakajima, Constantin Lapa, Andreas Menke, Takahiro Higuchi. Impact of Novel Antidepressants on Cardiac Metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) Uptake: Experimental Studies in SK-N-SH Cells and Healthy Rabbits. J. Nucl. Med. July 1, 2018, vol. 59, no. 7, 1099-1103. © SNMMI. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A1 - Solnes, Lilja A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod A1 - Weich, Alexander A1 - Gorin, Michael A1 - Pienta, Kenneth A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Buck, Andreas A1 - Pomper, Martin A1 - Rowe, Steven A1 - Lapa, Constantin T1 - SSTR-RADS Version 1.0 as a Reporting System for SSTR-PET Imaging and Selection of Potential PRRT Candidates: A Proposed Standardization Framework JF - Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - Reliable standards and criteria for somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positron emission tomography (PET) are still lacking. We herein propose a structured reporting system on a 5-point scale for SSTR-PET imaging, titled SSTR-RADS version 1.0, which might serve as a standardized assessment for both diagnosis and treatment planning in neuroendocrine tumors (NET). SSTR-RADS could guide the imaging specialist in interpreting SSTR-PET scans, facilitate communication with the referring clinician so that appropriate work-up for equivocal findings is pursued, and serve as a reliable tool for patient selection for planned Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. KW - Radionuclide Therapy KW - Standardisierung KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - 68Ga-DOTATATE/-TOC KW - Gastrointestinal KW - Neuroendocrine KW - Neuroendocrine Tumor KW - Oncology KW - GI KW - PET KW - PET/CT KW - PRRT KW - RADS KW - SSTR Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161298 SN - 0161-5505 N1 - This research was originally published in JNM. Rudolf A. Werner, Lilja B. Solnes, Mehrbod Som Javadi, Alexander Weich, Michael A. Gorin, Kenneth J. Pienta, Takahiro Higuchi, Andreas K. Buck, Martin G. Pomper, Steven P. Rowe, Constantin Lapa. SSTR-RADS Version 1.0 as a Reporting System for SSTR-PET Imaging and Selection of Potential PRRT Candidates: A Proposed Standardization Framework. J. Nucl. Med. July 1, 2018, vol. 59, no. 7, 1085-1091. © SNMMI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Marcus, Charles A1 - Sheikhbahaei, Sara A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Solnes, Lilja B. A1 - Rowe, Steven P. A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. T1 - Diagnostic Accuracy of Visual Assessment of an Initial DaT-Scan in Comparison to a Fully Automatic Semiquantitative Method T2 - Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - No abstract available. KW - Parkinson-Krankheit KW - SPECT KW - Parkinson KW - Parkinson Disease KW - DaTscan KW - Ioflupane KW - molecular imaging Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-162208 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/59/supplement_1/626.abstract SN - 0161-5505 N1 - This research was originally published in JNM. Rudolf A. Werner, Charles Marcus, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Takahiro Higuchi, Lilja B. Solnes, Steven P. Rowe, Andreas K. Buck, Constantin Lapa, Mehrbod S. Javadi. Diagnostic Accuracy of Visual Assessment of an Initial DaT-Scan in Comparison to a Fully Automatic Semiquantitative Method. J Nucl Med. May 1, 2018; vol. 59 no. supplement 1:626. © SNMMI. VL - 59 IS - Supplement No. 1 SP - 626 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Marcus, Charles A1 - Sheikhbahaei, Sara A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Solnes, Lilja B. A1 - Rowe, Steven P. A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. T1 - The Impact of Ageing on Dopamine Transporter Imaging T2 - Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - No abstract available. KW - Parkinson-Krankheit KW - Parkinson KW - Parkinson Disease KW - DaTscan KW - Ioflupane KW - SPECT KW - molecular imaging KW - ageing Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-162213 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/59/supplement_1/1646.abstract SN - 0161-5505 N1 - This research was originally published in JNM. Rudolf A. Werner, Charles Marcus, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Takahiro Higuchi, Lilja B. Solnes, Steven P. Rowe, Andreas K. Buck, Constantin Lapa, Mehrbod S. Javadi. The Impact of Ageing on Dopamine Transporter Imaging. J Nucl Med. May 1, 2018; vol. 59 no. supplement 1:1646. © SNMMI. VL - 59 IS - Supplement No 1 SP - 1646 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Hirano, Mitsuru A1 - Nose, Naoko A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - The Impact of Ageing on [\(^{11}\)C]meta-Hydroxyephedrine Uptake in the Rat Heart T2 - Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - No abstract available. KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - moycardial sympathetic innervation KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - positron emission tomography KW - PET KW - 11C-HED KW - hydroxyephedrine KW - ageing Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-162228 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/59/supplement_1/100.abstract SN - 0161-5505 VL - 59 IS - Supplement No 1 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Ilhan, Harun A1 - Lehner, Sebastian A1 - Papp, László A1 - Zsótér, Norbert A1 - Schatka, Imke A1 - Muegge, Dirk O. A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Bartenstein, Peter A1 - Bengel, Frank A1 - Essler, Markus A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Bundschuh, Ralph A. T1 - Pre-therapy Somatostatin-Receptor-Based Heterogeneity Predicts Overall Survival in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Patients Undergoing Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy T2 - Molecular Imaging and Biology N2 - Purpose: Early identification of aggressive disease could improve decision-support in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) patients prior to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). The prognostic value of intratumoral textural features (TF) determined by baseline somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-PET before PRRT was analyzed. Procedures: 31 patients with G1/G2 pNET were enrolled (G2, n=23/31). Prior to PRRT with [\(^{177}\)Lu]DOTATATE (mean, 3.6 cycles), baseline SSTR-PET/CT was performed. By segmentation of 162 (median per patient, 5) metastases, intratumoral TF were computed. The impact of conventional PET parameters (SUV\(_{mean/max}\)), imaging-based TF as well as clinical parameters (Ki67, CgA) for prediction of both progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after PRRT was evaluated. Results: Within a median follow-up of 3.7y, tumor progression was detected in 21 patients (median, 1.5y) and 13/31 deceased (median, 1.9y). In ROC analysis, the TF Entropy, reflecting derangement on a voxel-by-voxel level, demonstrated predictive capability for OS (cutoff=6.7, AUC=0.71, p=0.02). Of note, increasing Entropy could predict a longer survival (>6.7, OS=2.5y, 17/31), whereas less voxel-based derangement portended inferior outcome (<6.7, OS=1.9y, 14/31). These findings were supported in a G2 subanalysis (>6.9, OS=2.8y, 9/23 vs. <6.9, OS=1.9y, 14/23). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant distinction between high- and low-risk groups using Entropy (n=31, p<0.05). For those patients below the ROC-derived threshold, the relative risk of death after PRRT was 2.73 (n=31, p=0.04). Ki67 was negatively associated with PFS (p=0.002); however, SUVmean/max failed in prognostication (n.s.). Conclusions: In contrast to conventional PET parameters, assessment of intratumoral heterogeneity demonstrated superior prognostic performance in pNET patients undergoing PRRT. This novel PET-based strategy of outcome prediction prior to PRRT might be useful for patient risk stratification. KW - Pancreas KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - PET KW - neuroendocrine tumor KW - tumor heterogeneity KW - [68Ga] KW - [177Lu]-DOTATATE/-DOTATOC KW - PET/CT KW - SSTR Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164624 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11307-018-1252-5 SN - 1536-1632 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Molecular Imaging and Biology. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/s11307-018-1252-5 N1 - Die finale Version dieses Artikels steht unter https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-018-1252-5 bzw. http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167168 open access zur Verfügung. ER - TY - INPR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Bundschuh, Ralph A. A1 - Bundschuh, Lena A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Leal, Jeffrey P. A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Pienta, Kenneth J. A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Pomper, Martin G. A1 - Gorin, Michael A. A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Rowe, Steven P. T1 - Interobserver Agreement for the Standardized Reporting System PSMA-RADS 1.0 on \(^{18}\)F-DCFPyL PET/CT Imaging T2 - Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - Objectives: Recently, the standardized reporting and data system for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies, termed PSMA-RADS version 1.0, was introduced. We aimed to determine the interobserver agreement for applying PSMA-RADS to imaging interpretation of 18F-DCFPyL PET examinations in a prospective setting mimicking the typical clinical work-flow at a prostate cancer referral center. Methods: Four readers (two experienced readers (ER, > 3 years of PSMA-targeted PET interpretation experience) and two inexperienced readers (IR, < 1 year of experience)), who had all read the initial publication on PSMA-RADS 1.0, assessed 50 18F-DCFPyL PET/computed tomography (CT) studies independently. Per scan, a maximum of 5 target lesions were selected by the observers and a PSMA-RADS score for every target lesion was recorded. No specific pre-existing conditions were placed on the selection of the target lesions, although PSMA-RADS 1.0 suggests that readers focus on the most highly avid or largest lesions. An overall scan impression based on PSMA-RADS was indicated and interobserver agreement rates on a target lesion-based, on an organ-based, and on an overall PSMA-RADS score-based level were computed. Results: The number of target lesions identified by each observer were as follows: ER 1, 123; ER 2, 134; IR 1, 123; and IR 2, 120. Among those selected target lesions, 125 were chosen by at least two individual observers (all four readers selected the same target lesion in 58/125 (46.4%) instances, three readers in 40/125 (32%) and two observers in 27/125 (21.6%) instances). The interobserver agreement for PSMA-RADS scoring among identical target lesions was good (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for four, three and two identical target lesions, ≥0.60, respectively). For lymph nodes, an excellent interobserver agreement was derived (ICC=0.79). The interobserver agreement for an overall scan impression based on PSMA-RADS was also excellent (ICC=0.84), with a significant difference for ER (ICC=0.97) vs. IR (ICC=0.74, P=0.005). Conclusions: PSMA-RADS demonstrates a high concordance rate in this study, even among readers with different levels of experience. This suggests that PSMA-RADS can be effectively used for communication with clinicians and can be implemented in the collection of data for large prospective trials. KW - 18F-DCFPyL KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - PSMA-RADS KW - interreader KW - interobserver KW - PSMA KW - prostate cancer KW - RADS KW - reporting and data system KW - PET Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167788 SN - 0161-5505 N1 - This research was originally published in JNM. Rudolf A. Werner, Ralph A. Bundschuh, Lena Bundschuh, Mehrbod S. Javadi, Jeffrey P. Leal, Takahiro Higuchi, Kenneth J. Pienta, Andreas K. Buck, Martin G. Pomper, Michael A. Gorin, Constantin Lapa and Steven P. Rowe. Interobserver Agreement for the Standardized Reporting System PSMA-RADS 1.0 on 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT Imaging. J Nucl Med 2018;59:1857-1864 © SNMMI. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Hirano, Mitsuru A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Decker, Michael A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Novel \(^{18}\)F-labeled PET Imaging Agent FV45 targeting the Renin-Angiotensin System JF - ACS Omega N2 - Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and hormonal balance. Using positron emission tomography (PET) technology, it is possible to monitor the physiological and pathological distribution of angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT\(_1\)), which reflects the functionality of RAS. A new \(^{18}\)F-labeled PET tracer derived from the clinically used AT\(_1\) antagonist valsartan showing the least possible chemical alteration from the valsartan structure has been designed and synthesized with several strategies, which can be applied for the syntheses of further derivatives. Radioligand binding study showed that the cold reference FV45 (K\(_i\) 14.6 nM) has almost equivalent binding affinity as its lead valsartan (K\(_i\) 11.8 nM) and angiotensin II (K\(_i\) 1.7 nM). Successful radiolabeling of FV45 in a one-pot radiofluorination followed by the deprotection procedure with 21.8 ± 8.5% radiochemical yield and >99% radiochemical purity (n = 5) enabled a distribution study in rats and opened a path to straightforward large-scale production. A fast and clear kidney uptake could be observed, and this renal uptake could be selectively blocked by pretreatment with AT\(_1\)-selective antagonist valsartan. Overall, as the first \(^{18}\)F-labeled PET tracer based on a derivation from clinically used drug valsartan with almost identical chemical structure, [\(^{18}\)F]FV45 will be a new tool for assessing the RAS function by visualizing AT\(_i\) receptor distributions and providing further information regarding cardiovascular system malfunction as well as possible applications in inflammation research and cancer diagnosis. KW - FV45 KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - renin-angiotensin system KW - angiotensin II type 1 receptor KW - valsartan KW - positron emission tomography Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167144 SN - 2470-1343 N1 - This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html), which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. VL - 3 IS - 9 ER -