TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Boris A1 - Goebeler, Matthias A1 - Weissbrich, Benedikt A1 - Kerstan, Andreas T1 - Kerinokeratosis papulosa of childhood JF - Dermatology N2 - Background: Kerinokeratosis papulosa (KP) is considered an extremely rare genodermatosis presenting usually as waxy papules on the trunk in childhood. Objective: To describe and analyze the clinical, histological and potential etiopathological aspects of KP. Methods: The dermatoscopic features of a new case of KP of childhood are investigated. The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in lesional skin was studied by polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, all cases of KP of childhood reported so far were reviewed. Results: As a diagnostic tool, we describe for the first time a dermatoscopic feature, namely a cribriform pattern of KP, in an 11-year-old boy. In addition, we detected HPV (type 57) in his KP lesions. Conclusions: Dermatoscopic examination might be a useful tool to distinguish KP from other skin lesions, e.g. common warts. The detection of HPV type 57 might hint to an etiological role of HPV for KP. KW - Waxy papulosis of childhood KW - Human papillomavirus KW - EVER1 KW - EVER2 KW - Kerinokeratosis papulosa Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198997 SN - 1018-8665 SN - 1421-9832 N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 231 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Eberhard A1 - El Hajj, Nady A1 - Müller, Fabian A1 - Navarro, Bianca A1 - Haaf, Thomas T1 - Epigenetic Dysregulation in the Prefrontal Cortex of Suicide Completers JF - Cytogenetic and Genome Research N2 - The epigenome is thought to mediate between genes and the environment, particularly in response to adverse life experiences. Similar to other psychiatric diseases, the suicide liability of an individual appears to be influenced by many genetic factors of small effect size as well as by environmental stressors. To identify epigenetic marks associated with suicide, which is considered the endpoint of complex gene-environment interactions, we compared the cortex DNA methylation patterns of 6 suicide completers versus 6 non-psychiatric sudden-death controls, using Illumina 450K methylation arrays. Consistent with a multifactorial disease model, we found DNA methylation changes in a large number of genes, but no changes with large effects reaching genome-wide significance. Global methylation of all analyzed CpG sites was significantly (0.25 percentage point) lower in suicide than in control brains, whereas the vast majority (97%) of the top 1,000 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were higher methylated (0.6 percentage point) in suicide brains. Annotation analysis of the top 1,000 DMRs revealed an enrichment of differentially methylated promoters in functional categories associated with transcription and expression in the brain. In addition, we performed a comprehensive literature research to identify suicide genes that have been replicated in independent genetic association, brain methylation and/or expression studies. Although, in general, there was no significant overlap between different published data sets or between our top 1,000 DMRs and published data sets, our methylation screen strengthens a number of candidate genes (APLP2, BDNF, HTR1A, NUAK1, PHACTR3, MSMP, SLC6A4, SYN2, and SYNE2) and supports a role for epigenetics in the pathophysiology of suicide. KW - Cortex KW - DNA methylation KW - Suicidal behavior KW - Transcription regulation Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199032 SN - 1424-8581 SN - 1424-859X VL - 146 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teichmann, Christoph T1 - Corporate Groups within the Legal Framework of the European Union: The Group-Related Aspects of the SUP Proposal and the EU Freedom of Establishment JF - European Company and Financial Law Review N2 - No abstract available. KW - EU KW - corporate groups Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-194513 SN - 1613-2556 SN - 1613-2548 N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 202 EP - 229 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brinktrine, Ralf T1 - Konkurrentenstreitverfahren im Beamtenrecht JF - JURA - Juristische Ausbildung N2 - Kein Abstract verfügbar. KW - Konkurrentenstreitverfahren KW - Beamtenrecht KW - Klausur Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-194866 SN - 1612-7021 SN - 0170-1452 N1 - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. VL - 37 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kolominsky-Rabas, Peter L. A1 - Wiedmann, Silke A1 - Weingärtner, Michael A1 - Liman, Thomas G. A1 - Endres, Matthias A1 - Schwab, Stefan A1 - Buchfelder, Michael A1 - Heuschmann, Peter U. T1 - Time Trends in Incidence of Pathological and Etiological Stroke Subtypes during 16 Years: The Erlangen Stroke Project JF - Neuroepidemiology N2 - Background: Population-based data, which continuously monitors time trends in stroke epidemiology are limited. We investigated the incidence of pathological and etiological stroke subtypes over a 16 year time period. Methods: Data were collected within the Erlangen Stroke Project (ESPro), a prospective, population-based stroke register in Germany covering a total study population of 105,164 inhabitants (2010). Etiology of ischemic stroke was classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. Results: Between January 1995 and December 2010, 3,243 patients with first-ever stroke were documented. The median age was 75 and 55% were females. The total stroke incidence decreased over the 16 year study period in men (Incidence Rate Ratio 1995-1996 vs. 2009-2010 (IRR) 0.78; 95% CI 0.58-0.90) but not in women. Among stroke subtypes, a decrease in ischemic stroke incidence (IRR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57-0.93) and of large artery atherosclerotic stroke (IRR 0.27; 95% CI 0.12-0.59) was found in men and an increase of stroke due to small artery occlusion in women (IRR 2.33; 95% CI 1.39-3.90). Conclusions: Variations in time trends of pathological and etiological stroke subtypes were found between men and women that might be linked to gender differences in the development of major vascular risk factors in the study population. KW - stroke KW - epidemiology KW - incidence KW - time trends KW - register Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196503 SN - 0251-5350 SN - 1423-0208 N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 44 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Poot, Martin A1 - Haaf, Thomas T1 - Mechanisms of Origin, Phenotypic Effects and Diagnostic Implications of Complex Chromosome Rearrangements JF - Molecular Syndromology N2 - Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs) are currently defined as structural genome variations that involve more than 2 chromosome breaks and result in exchanges of chromosomal segments. They are thought to be extremely rare, but their detection rate is rising because of improvements in molecular cytogenetic technology. Their population frequency is also underestimated, since many CCRs may not elicit a phenotypic effect. CCRs may be the result of fork stalling and template switching, microhomology-mediated break-induced repair, breakage-fusion-bridge cycles, or chromothripsis. Patients with chromosomal instability syndromes show elevated rates of CCRs due to impaired DNA double-strand break responses during meiosis. Therefore, the putative functions of the proteins encoded by ATM, BLM, WRN, ATR, MRE11, NBS1, and RAD51 in preventing CCRs are discussed. CCRs may exert a pathogenic effect by either (1) gene dosage-dependent mechanisms, e.g. haploinsufficiency, (2) mechanisms based on disruption of the genomic architecture, such that genes, parts of genes or regulatory elements are truncated, fused or relocated and thus their interactions disturbed - these mechanisms will predominantly affect gene expression - or (3) mixed mutation mechanisms in which a CCR on one chromosome is combined with a different type of mutation on the other chromosome. Such inferred mechanisms of pathogenicity need corroboration by mRNA sequencing. Also, future studies with in vitro models, such as inducible pluripotent stem cells from patients with CCRs, and transgenic model organisms should substantiate current inferences regarding putative pathogenic effects of CCRs. The ramifications of the growing body of information on CCRs for clinical and experimental genetics and future treatment modalities are briefly illustrated with 2 cases, one of which suggests KDM4C(JMJD2C) as a novel candidate gene for mental retardation. KW - triplosufficiency KW - complex chromosome rearrangements KW - DNA double-strand break KW - haploinsufficiency KW - mixed mutation mechanisms KW - structural genome variations Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196524 SN - 1661-8769 SN - 1661-8777 N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 6 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Steinlein, Claus T1 - Chromosome Banding in Amphibia. XXXII. The Genus Xenopus (Anura, Pipidae) JF - Cytogenetic and Genome Research N2 - Mitotic chromosomes of 16 species of the frog genus Xenopus were prepared from kidney and lung cell cultures. In the chromosomes of 7 species, high-resolution replication banding patterns could be induced by treating the cultures with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and deoxythymidine (dT) in succession, and in 6 of these species the BrdU/dT-banded chromosomes could be arranged into karyotypes. In the 3 species of the clade with 2n = 20 and 4n = 40 chromosomes (X. tropicalis, X. epitropicalis, X. new tetraploid 1), as well as in the 3 species with 4n = 36 chromosomes (X. laevis, X. borealis, X. muelleri), the BrdU/dT-banded karyotypes show a high degree of homoeology, though differences were detected between these groups. Translocations, inversions, insertions or sex-specific replication bands were not observed. Minor replication asynchronies found between chromosomes probably involve heterochromatic regions. BrdU/dT replication banding of Xenopus chromosomes provides the landmarks necessary for the exact physical mapping of genes and repetitive sequences. FISH with an X. laevis 5S rDNA probe detected multiple hybridization sites at or near the long-arm telomeric regions in most chromosomes of X. laevis and X. borealis, whereas in X. muelleri, the 5S rDNA sequences are located exclusively at the long-arm telomeres of a single chromosome pair. Staining with the AT base pair-specific fluorochrome quinacrine mustard revealed brightly fluorescing heterochromatic regions in the majority of X. borealis chromosomes which are absent in other Xenopus species. KW - X. laevis-type karyotype KW - X. tropicalis-type karyotype KW - BrdU/dT replication banding KW - chromosome staining KW - FISH KW - polyploidy KW - Xenopus Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196727 SN - 1424-8581 SN - 1424-859X N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 145 IS - 3-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Evans, Ben J. A1 - Bogart, James P. T1 - Polyploidy in Amphibia JF - Cytogenetic and Genome Research N2 - This review summarizes the current status of the known extant genuine polyploid anuran and urodelan species, as well as spontaneously originated and/or experimentally produced amphibian polyploids. The mechanisms by which polyploids can originate, the meiotic pairing configurations, the diploidization processes operating in polyploid genomes, the phenomenon of hybridogenesis, and the relationship between polyploidization and sex chromosome evolution are discussed. The polyploid systems in some important amphibian taxa are described in more detail. KW - allopolyploidy KW - Anura KW - autopolyploidy KW - diploidization KW - hybridogenesis KW - polyploidization KW - sex chromosome evolution KW - Urodela Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196730 SN - 1424-8581 SN - 1424-859X N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 145 IS - 3-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matsuda, Yoichi A1 - Uno, Yoshinobu A1 - Kondo, Mariko A1 - Gilchrist, Michael J. A1 - Zorn, Aaron M. A1 - Rokhsar, Daniel S. A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Taira, Masanori T1 - A New Nomenclature of Xenopus laevis Chromosomes Based on the Phylogenetic Relationship to Silurana/Xenopus tropicalis JF - Cytogenetic and Genome Research N2 - Xenopus laevis (XLA) is an allotetraploid species which appears to have undergone whole-genome duplication after the interspecific hybridization of 2 diploid species closely related to Silurana/Xenopus tropicalis (XTR). Previous cDNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments have identified 9 sets of homoeologous chromosomes in X. laevis, in which 8 sets correspond to chromosomes 1-8 of X. tropicalis (XTR1-XTR8), and the last set corresponds to a fusion of XTR9 and XTR10. In addition, recent X. laevis genome sequencing and BAC-FISH experiments support this physiological relationship and show no gross chromosome translocation in the X. laevis karyotype. Therefore, for the benefit of both comparative cytogenetics and genome research, we here propose a new chromosome nomenclature for X. laevis based on the phylogenetic relationship and chromosome length, i.e. XLA1L, XLA1S, XLA2L, XLA2S, and so on, in which the numbering of XLA chromosomes corresponds to that in X. tropicalis and the postfixes ‘L' and ‘S' stand for ‘long' and ‘short' chromosomes in the homoeologous pairs, which can be distinguished cytologically by their relative size. The last chromosome set is named XLA9L and XLA9S, in which XLA9 corresponds to both XTR9 and XTR10, and hence, to emphasize the phylogenetic relationship to X. tropicalis, XLA9_10L and XLA9_10S are also used as synonyms. KW - BrdU replication banding pattern KW - homoeologous chromosomes KW - nomenclature KW - Xenopus laevis KW - Xenopus tropicalis Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196748 SN - 1424-8581 SN - 1424-859X N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 145 IS - 3-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altenburger, Roland T1 - Cao, Juan: In der Sackgasse oder auf dem Weg zu einem neuen Paradigma? Die Erforschung des Romans Der Traum der roten Kammer (Rotologie) im 21. Jahrhundert (Lun Wen: Studien zur Geistesgeschichte und Literatur in China; 17). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2013. XII, 256 S. ISBN 978-3-447-06992-2 JF - Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques N2 - No abstract available. KW - Rezension Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193941 SN - 0004-4717 SN - 2235-5871 N1 - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. VL - 69 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osmers, Maria T1 - Zwischen Vergemeinschaftung und Anarchie. Zur Konzeption und Wahrnehmung polisübergreifender Beziehungen in klassischer Zeit JF - Klio N2 - Der Artikel fragt zunächst nach Konzepten, die in klassischer Zeit von Außenpolitik existierten. Überlegungen zu diesem Thema sind in den antiken philosophischen Schriften greifbar, wobei Vorstellungen von der Funktionsweise des Oikos und der Polis auf den griechischen Raum übertragen wurden. Ähnliche Kategorien, um polisübergreifende Beziehungen zu beschreiben, griff die politische Rhetorik auf. Bezogen sich antike Autoren jedoch in allgemeinen Abhandlungen auf die Außenpolitik, wurde der Krieg als bestimmendes Element identifiziert. Das theoretische Konzept von Außenpolitik konnte demnach für die Zeitgenossen in der Praxis wenig Wirkung entfalten. Ursachen hierfür waren sowohl die unsteten Verhältnisse des 4. Jahrhunderts als auch die konkrete Konzeption der Außenpolitik, da die Interaktion im griechischen Raum anders funktionierte als in kleineren sozialen Einheiten. Zudem wurden real existierende Mechanismen zur Befriedung von Hellas nur unzureichend in die Konzeption integriert. N2 - This paper explores Classical Greek concepts of what today is understood as foreign policy. In philosophical treatises, the matter is mainly conceived by transferring the idea of how oikos and polis functioned onto the field of inter-state relations. Similar notions were employed by political rhetoric to describe interaction between poleis. Yet, whenever literature makes reference to foreign policy in more general considerations, warfare is identified as the decisive element. In practice, the theoretical concept of foreign policy therefore could not be brought to any considerable effect. The causes for this lay in the unsteady conditions of the 4th century as well as in the very concept itself, because the interaction in the Greek world in its entirety worked differently from the interaction in smaller social units. Further, the existing modes of pacifying Hellas only played an insuffient part in the concept. KW - griechische Antike KW - klassische Zeit KW - polisübergreifende Beziehungen KW - antike Wahrnehmungsmuster Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193997 SN - 2192-7669 SN - 0075-6334 N1 - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. VL - 97 IS - 1 SP - 32-58 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tornau, Christian T1 - Tobias Uhle, Augustin und die Dialektik. Eine Untersuchung der Argumentationsstruktur in den Cassiciacum-Dialogen, Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum 67, Tübingen (Mohr Siebeck) 2012, XIV + 293 S., ISBN 978-3-16-151985-7 JF - Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity N2 - Rezension zu Tobias Uhle, Augustin und die Dialektik. Eine Untersuchung der Argumentationsstruktur in den Cassiciacum-Dialogen, Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum 67, Tübingen (Mohr Siebeck) 2012, XIV + 293 S., ISBN 978-3-16-151985-7 KW - Rezension KW - Augustin KW - Dialektik Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195571 SN - 1612-961X SN - 0949-9571 N1 - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 509 EP - 559 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dannecker, Christoph T1 - Der nemo tenetur-Grundsatz – prozessuale Fundierung und Geltung für juristische Personen JF - Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft N2 - Kein Abstract verfügbar. KW - nemo tenetur-Grundsatz Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195368 SN - 1612-703X SN - 0084-5310 N1 - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. VL - 127 IS - 2 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ames, Christopher T1 - Molecular Beam Epitaxy of 2D and 3D HgTe, a Topological Insulator T1 - Molekularstrahlepitaxie von 2D und 3D HgTe, ein topologischer Isolator N2 - In the present thesis the MBE growth and sample characterization of HgTe structures is investigated and discussed. Due to the first experimental discovery of the quantum Spin Hall effect (QSHE) in HgTe quantum wells, this material system attains a huge interest in the spintronics society. Because of the long history of growing Hg-based heterostructures here at the Experimentelle Physik III in Würzburg, there are very good requirements to analyze this material system more precisely and in new directions. Since in former days only doped HgTe quantum wells were grown, this thesis deals with the MBE growth in the (001) direction of undoped HgTe quantum wells, surface located quantum wells and three dimensional bulk layers. All Hg-based layers were grown on CdTe substrates which generate strain in the layer stack and provide therefore new physical effects. In the same time, the (001) CdTe growth was investigated on n-doped (001) GaAs:Si because the Japanese supplier of CdTe substrates had a supply bottleneck due to the Tohoku earthquake and its aftermath in 2011. After a short introduction of the material system, the experimental techniques were demonstrated and explained explicitly. After that, the experimental part of this thesis is displayed. So, the investigation of the (001) CdTe growth on (001) GaAs:Si is discussed in chapter 4. Firstly, the surface preparation of GaAs:Si by oxide desorption is explored and analyzed. Here, rapid thermal desorption of the GaAs oxide with following cool down in Zn atmosphere provides the best results for the CdTe due to small holes at the surface, while e.g. an atomic flat GaAs buffer deteriorates the CdTe growth quality. The following ZnTe layer supplies the (001) growth direction of the CdTe and exhibits best end results of the CdTe for 30 seconds growth time at a flux ratio of Zn/Te ~ 1/1.2. Without this ZnTe layer, CdTe will grow in the (111) direction. However, the main investigation is here the optimization of the MBE growth of CdTe. The substrate temperature, Cd/Te flux ratio and the growth time has to be adjusted systematically. Therefore, a complex growth process is developed and established. This optimized CdTe growth process results in a RMS roughness of around 2.5 nm and a FWHM value of the HRXRD w-scan of 150 arcsec. Compared to the literature, there is no lower FWHM value traceable for this growth direction. Furthermore, etch pit density measurements show that the surface crystallinity is matchable with the commercial CdTe substrates (around 1x10^4 cm^(-2)). However, this whole process is not completely perfect and offers still room for improvements. The growth of undoped HgTe quantum wells was also a new direction in research in contrast to the previous n-doped grown HgTe quantum wells. Here in chapter 5, the goal of very low carrier densities was achieved and therefore it is now possible to do transport experiments in the n - and p - region by tuning the gate voltage. To achieve this high sample quality, very precise growth of symmetric HgTe QWs and their HRXRD characterization is examined. Here, the quantum well thickness can now determined accurate to under 0.3 nm. Furthermore, the transport analysis of different quantum well thicknesses shows that the carrier density and mobility increase with rising HgTe layer thickness. However, it is found out that the band gap of the HgTe QW closes indirectly at a thickness of 11.6 nm. This is caused by the tensile strained growth on CdTe substrates. Moreover, surface quantum wells are studied. These quantum wells exhibit no or a very thin HgCdTe cap. Though, oxidization and contamination of the surface reduces here the carrier mobility immensely and a HgCdTe layer of around 5 nm provides the pleasing results for transport experiments with superconductors connected to the topological insulator [119]. A completely new achievement is the realization of MBE growth of HgTe quantum wells on CdTe/GaAs:Si substrates. This is attended by the optimization of the CdTe growth on GaAs:Si. It exposes that HgTe quantum wells grown in-situ on optimized CdTe/GaAs:Si show very nice transport data with clear Hall plateaus, SdH oscillations, low carrier densities and carrier mobilities up to 500 000 cm^2/Vs. Furthermore, a new oxide etching process is developed and analyzed which should serve as an alternative to the standard HCl process which generates volcano defects at some time. However, during the testing time the result does not differ in Nomarski, HRXRD, AFM and transport measurements. Here, long-time tests or etching and mounting in nitrogen atmosphere may provide new elaborate results. The main focus of this thesis is on the MBE growth and standard characterization of HgTe bulk layers and is discussed in chapter 6. Due to the tensile strained growth on lattice mismatched CdTe, HgTe bulk opens up a band gap of around 22 meV at the G-point and exhibits therefore its topological surface states. The analysis of surface condition, roughness, crystalline quality, carrier density and mobility via Nomarski, AFM, XPS, HRXRD and transport measurements is therefore included in this work. Layer thickness dependence of carrier density and mobility is identified for bulk layer grown directly on CdTe substrates. So, there is no clear correlation visible between HgTe layer thickness and carrier density or mobility. So, the carrier density is almost constant around 1x10^11 cm^(-2) at 0 V gate voltage. The carrier mobility of these bulk samples however scatters between 5 000 and 60 000 cm^2/Vs almost randomly. Further experiments should be made for a clearer understanding and therefore the avoidance of unusable bad samples.But, other topological insulator materials show much higher carrier densities and lower mobility values. For example, Bi2Se3 exhibits just density values around 1019 cm^(-2) and mobility values clearly below 5000 cm2/Vs. The carrier density however depends much on lithography and surface treatment after growth. Furthermore, the relaxation behavior and critical thickness of HgTe grown on CdTe is determined and is in very good agreement with theoretical prediction (d_c = 155 nm). The embedding of the HgTe bulk layer between HgCdTe layers created a further huge improvement. Similar to the quantum well structures the carrier mobility increases immensely while the carrier density levels at around 1x10^11 cm^(-2) at 0 V gate voltage as well. Additionally, the relaxation behavior and critical thickness of these barrier layers has to be determined. HgCdTe grown on commercial CdTe shows a behavior as predicted except the critical thickness which is slightly higher than expected (d_c = 850 nm). Otherwise, the relaxation of HgCdTe grown on CdTe/GaAs:Si occurs in two parts. The layer is fully strained up to 250 nm. Between 250 nm and 725 nm the HgCdTe film starts to relax randomly up to 10 %. The relaxation behavior for thicknesses larger than 725 nm occurs than linearly to the inverse layer thickness. A explanation is given due to rough interface conditions and crystalline defects of the CdTe/GaAs:Si compared to the commercial CdTe substrate. HRXRD and AFM data support this statement. Another point is that the HgCdTe barriers protect the active HgTe layer and because of the high carrier mobilities the Hall measurements provide new transport data which have to be interpreted more in detail in the future. In addition, HgTe bulk samples show very interesting transport data by gating the sample from the top and the back. It is now possible to manipulate the carrier densities of the top and bottom surface states almost separately. The back gate consisting of the n-doped GaAs substrate and the thick insulating CdTe buffer can tune the carrier density for Delta(n) ~ 3x10^11 cm^(-2). This is sufficient to tune the Fermi energy from the p-type into the n-type region [138]. In this thesis it is shown that strained HgTe bulk layers exhibit superior transport data by embedding between HgCdTe barrier layers. The n-doped GaAs can here serve as a back gate. Furthermore, MBE growth of high crystalline, undoped HgTe quantum wells shows also new and extended transport output. Finally, it is notable that due to the investigated CdTe growth on GaAs the Hg-based heterostructure MBE growth is partially independent from commercial suppliers. N2 - In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde das MBE-Wachstum von HgTe Strukturen erforscht und die anschließende Probencharakterisierung durchgeführt und diskutiert. Durch die erste experimentelle Entdeckung des Quanten-Spin-Hall-Effekts (QSHE) in HgTe Quantentrögen hat dieses Materialsystem großes Interesse im Gebiet der Spintronics erfahren. Aufgrund der langen Wachstumshistorie von quecksilberbasierenden Heterostrukturen am Lehrstuhl Experimentelle Physik III der Universität Würzburg sind die Voraussetzungen ausgesprochen gut, um dieses Materialsystem sehr ausführlich und auch in neue Richtungen hin zu untersuchen. Da vor dieser Doktorarbeit fast ausschließlich dotierte HgTe Quantentröge auf verschiedenen Substratorientierungen gewachsen wurden, beschäftigte sich diese Dissertation nun mit dem MBE-Wachstum von undotierten HgTe Quantentrögen, oberflächennahen Quantentrögen und dreidimensionalen Volumenkristallen. Alle quecksilberbasierenden Schichten wurden hierzu auf CdTe Substraten gewachsen, welche tensile Verspannung in den Schichten erzeugten und lieferten daher neue physikalische Effekte. In der selben Zeit wurde weiterhin das Wachstum von (001) CdTe auf n-dotiertem (001) GaAs:Si erforscht, da der japanische Zulieferer der CdTe Substrate eine Lieferengpass hatte aufgrund des Tohoku Erdbebens und seinen verheerenden Folgen im Jahr 2011. Die Erforschung des MBE-Wachstums von (001) CdTe auf (001) GaAs:Si wird im Kapitel 4 behandelt. Zuerst wurde hier die Oberflächenvorbereitung des GaAs:Si Substrates durch thermische Desorption untersucht und ausgewertet. Es stellte sich heraus, dass schnelle, thermische Desorption des GaAs - Oxides mit anschließendem Abkühlen in Zn Atmosphäre die besten Ergebnisse für das spätere CdTe durch kleine Löcher an der Oberfläche liefert, während zum Beispiel ein glatter GaAs Puffer das CdTe Wachstum verschlechtert. Der folgende ZnTe Film verschafft die gewünschte (001) Wachstumsrichtung für CdTe und weist bei 30 Sekunden Wachstumszeit bei einem Flussverhältnis von Zn/Te ~ 1/1.2 die besten Endergebnisse für CdTe auf. Jedoch war die Haupterneuerung hier die Optimierung des CdTe Wachstums. Dafür wurde ein komplexer Wachstumsprozess entwickelt und etabliert. Dieser optimierte CdTe Wachstumsprozess lieferte Ergebnisse von einer RMS Rauigkeit von ungefähr 2.5 nm und FWHMWerte der HRXRD w-Scans von 150 arcsec. Die Defektätzdichte-Messung zeigte weiterhin, dass die Oberflächenkristallinität vergleichbar mit kommerziell erwerbbaren CdTe Substraten ist (um 1x10^4 cm^(-2)). Des Weiteren ist kein niedrigerer Wert für die Halbwertsbreite des w-Scans in der Literatur für diese Wachstumsrichtung aufgeführt. Dies spiricht ebenfalls für die hohe Qualität der Schichten. Jedoch ist dieser Wachstumsprozess noch nicht endgültig ausgereift und bietet weiterhin noch Platz für Verbesserungen. Das Wachstum von undotierten HgTe Quantentrögen war ebenso eine neue Forschungsrichtung im Gegensatz zu den dotierten HgTe Quantentrögen, die in der Vergangenheit gewachsen wurden. Das Ziel hierbei, die Ladungsträgerdichte zu verringern, wurde erreicht und daher ist es nun möglich, Transportexperimente sowohl im n- als auch im p-Regime durchzuführen, indem eine Gatespannung angelegt wird. Des Weiteren experimentierten andere Arbeitsgruppen mit diesen Quantentrögen, bei denen die Fermi Energie in der Bandlücke liegt [143]. Außerdem wurde das sehr präzise MBE Wachstum anhand von symmetrischen HgTe Quantentrögen und ihren HRXRD Charakterisierungen behandelt. Daher kann nun die Quantentrogdicke präzise auf 0,3 nm angegeben werden. Die Transportergebnisse von verschieden dicken Quantentrögen zeigten, dass die Ladungsträgerdichte und Beweglichkeit mit steigender HgTe Schichtdicke zunimmt. Jedoch wurde auch herausgefunden, dass sich die Bandlücke von HgTe Quantentrögen indirekt bei einer Dicke von 11.6 nm schließt. Dies wird durch das verspannte Wachstum auf CdTe Substraten verursacht. Überdies wurden oberflächennahe Quantentröge untersucht. Diese Quantentröge besitzen keine oder nur eine sehr dünne HgCdTe Deckschicht. Allerdings verringerte Oxidation und Oberflächenverschmutzung hier die Ladungsträgerbeweglichkeit dramatisch und eine HgCdTe Schicht von ungefähr 5 nm lieferte ansprechende Transportergebnisse für Supraleiter, die den topologischen Isolator kontaktieren. Eine komplett neue Errungenschaft war die Realisierung, via MBE, HgTe Quantentröge auf CdTe/GaAs:Si Substrate zu wachsen. Dies ging einher mit der Optimierung des CdTe Wachstums auf GaAs:Si. Es zeigte sich, dass HgTe Quantentröge, die in-situ auf optimierten CdTe/GaAs:Si gewachsen wurden, sehr schöne Transportergebnisse mit deutlichen Hall Quantisierungen, SdH Oszillationen, niedrigen Ladungsträgerdichten und Beweglichkeiten bis zu 500 000 cm^2/Vs erreichen. Des Weiteren wurde ein neues Oxidätzverfahren entwickelt und untersucht, welches als Alternative zum Standard-HCl-Prozess dienen sollte, da dieses manchmal vulkan-artige Defekte hervorruft. Jedoch ergab sich kein Unterschied in den Nomarski, HRXRD, AFM und Transportexperimenten. Hier könnten vielleicht Langzeittests oder Ätzen und Befestigen in Stickstoffatmosphäre neue, gewinnbringende Ergbnisse aufzeigen. Der Hauptfokus dieser Doktorarbeit lag auf dem MBE Wachstum und der Standardcharakterisierung von HgTe Volumenkristallen und wurde in Kapitel 6 diskutiert. Durch das tensil verpannte Wachstum auf CdTe entsteht für HgTe als Volumenkristall eine Bandlücke von ungefähr 22 meV am G Punkt und zeigt somit seine topologischen Oberflächenzustände. Die Analyse der Oberfächenbeschaffenheit, der Rauigkeit, der kristallinen Qualität, der Ladungsdrägerdichte und Beweglichkeit mit Hilfe von Nomarski, AFM, XPS, HRXRD und Transportmessungen ist in dieser Arbeit anzutreffen. Außerdem wurde die Schichtdickenabhängigkeit von Ladungsträgerdichte und Beweglichkeit von HgTe Volumenkristallen, die direkt auf CdTe Substraten gewachsen wurden, ermittelt worden. So erhöhte sich durchschnittlich die Dichte und Beweglichkeit mit zunehmender HgTe Schichtdicke, aber die Beweglichkeit ging selten über μ ~ 40 000 cm^2/Vs hinaus. Die Ladungsträgerdichte n hing jedoch sehr von der Litographie und der Behandlung der Oberfläche nach dem Wachstum ab. Des Weiteren wurde das Relaxationsverhalten und die kritische Dicke bestimmt, welches sehr gut mit den theoretischen Vorhersagen übereinstimmt (dc = 155 nm). Das Einbetten des HgTe Volumenkristalls in HgCdTe Schichten brachte eine weitere große Verbesserung mit sich. Ähnlich wie bei den Quantentrögen erhörte sich die Beweglichkeit μ immens, während sich die Ladungsträgerdichte bei ungefähr 1x10^11 cm^(-2) einpendelte. Zusätzlich wurde auch hier das Relaxationsverhalten und die kritische Schichtdicke dieser Barrierenschichten ermittelt. HgCdTe, gewachsen auf kommerziellen CdTe Substraten, zeigte ein Verhalten ähnlich zu dem Erwarteten mit der Ausnahme, dass die kritische Schichtdicke leicht höher ist als die Vorhergesagte (dc = 850 nm). Auf der anderen Seite findet die Relaxation von HgCdTe auf CdTe/GaAs:Si zweigeteilt ab. Bis 250 nm ist die Schicht noch voll verspannt. Zwischen 250 nm und 725 nm beginnt die HgCdTe Schicht willkürlich bis zu 10 % zu relaxieren. Das Relaxationsverhalten für Dicken über 725 nm findet dann wieder linear zur invers aufgetragenen Schichtdicke statt. Eine Erklärung wurde durch das raue Interface der Schichten und der Defekte im Kristall von CdTe/GaAs:Si gegeben, im Vergleich zu den kommerziellen CdTe Substraten. HRXRD und AFM Ergebnisse belegten diese Aussage. Die HgCdTe Barrieren schützen die aktive HgTe Schicht und daher liegen nach Hall Messungen aufgrund der hohen Ladungsträgerbeweglichkeiten neue Transportergbnisse vor, welche in der Zukunft ausführlicher interpretiert werden müssen. Darüber hinaus zeigten HgTe Volumenkristalle neue, interessante Transportergebnisse durch das gleichzeitige Benutzen eines Top- und Backgates. Es ist nun möglich, die Ladungsträger der oberen und unteren Oberflächenzustände nahezu getrennt zu verändern und zu ermitteln. Das Backgate, bestehend aus dem n-dotierten GaAs:Si Substrate und dem dicken isolierenden CdTe Puffer, kann die Ladungsträgerdichte um ungefähr Delta(n) ~ 3x10^11 cm^(-2) varieren. Das ist ausreichend, um die Fermi Energie vom p- in den n-Bereich einzustellen [138]. In dieser Dissertation wurde also gezeigt, dass verspannte HgTe Volumenkristalle durch das Einbetten in HgCdTe Barrieren neue Transportergebnisse liefern. Das n-dotierte GaAs konnte hierbei als Backgate genutzt werden. Des Weiteren zeigte das MBE Wachstum von hochkristallinen , undotiereten HgTe Quantentrögen ebenso neue und erweiterte Transportergebnisse. Zuletzt ist es bemerkenswert, dass durch das erforschte CdTe Wachstum auf GaAs das MBE Wachstum von quecksilberbasierenden Heterostrukturen auf CdTe Substraten teilweise unabhänigig ist von kommerziellen Zulieferbetrieben. KW - Quecksilbertellurid KW - Topologischer Isolator KW - MBE KW - HgTe KW - topological insulator KW - Molekularstrahlepitaxie Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151136 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sonnenberg, Christoph A1 - Bannert, Maria T1 - Discovering the Effects of Metacognitive Prompts on the Sequential Structure of SRL-Processes Using Process Mining Techniques JF - Journal of Learning Analystics N2 - According to research examining self‐regulated learning (SRL), we regard individual regulation as a specific sequence of regulatory activities. Ideally, students perform various learning activities, such as analyzing, monitoring, and evaluating cognitive and motivational aspects during learning. Metacognitive prompts can foster SRL by inducing regulatory activities, which, in turn, improve the learning outcome. However, the specific effects of metacognitive support on the dynamic characteristics of SRL are not understood. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the effects of metacognitive prompts on learning processes and outcomes during a computer‐based learning task. Participants of the experimental group (EG, n=35) were supported by metacognitive prompts, whereas participants of the control group (CG, n=35) received no support. Data regarding learning processes were obtained by concurrent think‐aloud protocols. The EG exhibited significantly more metacognitive learning events than did the CG. Furthermore, these regulatory activities correspond positively with learning outcomes. Process mining techniques were used to analyze sequential patterns. Our findings indicate differences in the process models of the EG and CG and demonstrate the added value of taking the order of learning activities into account by discovering regulatory patterns. KW - HeuristicsMiner algorithm KW - self‐regulated learning KW - metacognitive prompting KW - process analysis KW - process mining KW - think‐aloud data Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-152362 UR - http://learning-analytics.info/journals/index.php/JLA/article/view/4090 SN - 1929‐7750 N1 - Dieser Artikel ist auch Bestandteil der Dissertation: Sonnenberg, Christoph: Analyzing Technology-Enhanced Learning Processes: What Can Process Mining Techniques Contribute to the Evaluation of Instructional Support?. - Würzburg, Univ., Diss., 2017. - [online]. URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-152354 VL - 2 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schilbach, Karin A1 - Alkhaled, Mohammed A1 - Welker, Christian A1 - Eckert, Franziska A1 - Blank, Gregor A1 - Ziegler, Hendrik A1 - Sterk, Marco A1 - Müller, Friederike A1 - Sonntag, Katja A1 - Wieder, Thomas A1 - Braumüller, Heidi A1 - Schmitt, Julia A1 - Eyrich, Matthias A1 - Schleicher, Sabine A1 - Seitz, Christian A1 - Erbacher, Annika A1 - Pichler, Bernd J. A1 - Müller, Hartmut A1 - Tighe, Robert A1 - Lim, Annick A1 - Gillies, Stephen D. A1 - Strittmatter, Wolfgang A1 - Röcken, Martin A1 - Handgretinger, Rupert T1 - Cancer-targeted IL-12 controls human rhabdomyosarcoma by senescence induction and myogenic differentiation JF - OncoImmunology N2 - Stimulating the immune system to attack cancer is a promising approach, even for the control of advanced cancers. Several cytokines that promote interferon-γ-dominated immune responses show antitumor activity, with interleukin 12 (IL-12) being of major importance. Here, we used an antibody-IL-12 fusion protein (NHS-IL12) that binds histones of necrotic cells to treat human sarcoma in humanized mice. Following sarcoma engraftment, NHS-IL12 therapy was combined with either engineered IL-7 (FcIL-7) or IL-2 (IL-2MAB602) for continuous cytokine bioavailability. NHS-IL12 strongly induced innate and adaptive antitumor immunity when combined with IL-7 or IL-2. NHS-IL12 therapy significantly improved survival of sarcoma-bearing mice and caused long-term remissions when combined with IL-2. NHS-IL12 induced pronounced cancer cell senescence, as documented by strong expression of senescence-associated p16\(^{INK4a}\) and nuclear translocation of p-HP1γ, and permanent arrest of cancer cell proliferation. In addition, this cancer immunotherapy initiated the induction of myogenic differentiation, further promoting the hypothesis that efficient antitumor immunity includes mechanisms different from cytotoxicity for efficient cancer control in vivo. KW - TH17 cells KW - cancer-targeted IL-12 KW - differentiation KW - humanized mice KW - immunocytokine KW - immunotherapy KW - M1/M2 macrophages KW - rhabdomyosarcoma KW - TH1-induced senescence KW - tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154579 VL - 4 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gutknecht, Lise A1 - Popp, Sandy A1 - Waider, Jonas A1 - Sommerlandt, Frank M. J. A1 - Göppner, Corinna A1 - Post, Antonia A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - van den Hove, Daniel A1 - Strekalova, Tatyana A1 - Schmitt, Angelika A1 - Colaςo, Maria B. N. A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Palme, Rupert A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter T1 - Interaction of brain 5-HT synthesis deficiency, chronic stress and sex differentially impact emotional behavior in Tph2 knockout mice JF - Psychopharmacology N2 - Rationale While brain serotonin (5-HT) function is implicated in gene-by-environment interaction (GxE) impacting the vulnerability-resilience continuum in neuropsychiatric disorders, it remains elusive how the interplay of altered 5-HT synthesis and environmental stressors is linked to failure in emotion regulation. Objective Here, we investigated the effect of constitutively impaired 5-HT synthesis on behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) using a mouse model of brain 5-HT deficiency resulting from targeted inactivation of the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2) gene. Results Locomotor activity and anxiety- and depression-like behavior as well as conditioned fear responses were differentially affected by Tph2 genotype, sex, and CMS. Tph2 null mutants (Tph2\(^{−/−}\)) displayed increased general metabolism, marginally reduced anxiety- and depression-like behavior but strikingly increased conditioned fear responses. Behavioral modifications were associated with sex-specific hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system alterations as indicated by plasma corticosterone and fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations. Tph2\(^{−/−}\) males displayed increased impulsivity and high aggressiveness. Tph2\(^{−/−}\) females displayed greater emotional reactivity to aversive conditions as reflected by changes in behaviors at baseline including increased freezing and decreased locomotion in novel environments. However, both Tph2\(^{−/−}\) male and female mice were resilient to CMS-induced hyperlocomotion, while CMS intensified conditioned fear responses in a GxE-dependent manner. Conclusions Our results indicate that 5-HT mediates behavioral responses to environmental adversity by facilitating the encoding of stress effects leading to increased vulnerability for negative emotionality. KW - Serotonin KW - Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2) KW - chronic stress KW - gene-by-environment interaction KW - anxiety KW - fear KW - depression KW - aggression Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154586 VL - 232 SP - 2429 EP - 2441 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schamel, Johannes T1 - Ableitung von Präferenzen aus GPS-Trajektorien bei landschaftsbezogenen Erholungsaktivitäten JF - AGIT - Journal für Angewandte Geoinformatik N2 - No abstract available. KW - GPS-Tracking KW - Erholungsplanung Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153590 VL - 2015 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaho, Huaying A1 - Ghirlando, Rodolfo A1 - Alfonso, Carlos A1 - Arisaka, Fumio A1 - Attali, Ilan A1 - Bain, David L. A1 - Bakhtina, Marina M. A1 - Becker, Donald F. A1 - Bedwell, Gregory J. A1 - Bekdemir, Ahmet A1 - Besong, Tabot M. D. A1 - Birck, Catherine A1 - Brautigam, Chad A. A1 - Brennerman, William A1 - Byron, Olwyn A1 - Bzowska, Agnieszka A1 - Chaires, Jonathan B. A1 - Chaton, Catherine T. A1 - Coelfen, Helmbut A1 - Connaghan, Keith D. A1 - Crowley, Kimberly A. A1 - Curth, Ute A1 - Daviter, Tina A1 - Dean, William L. A1 - Diez, Ana I. A1 - Ebel, Christine A1 - Eckert, Debra M. A1 - Eisele, Leslie E. A1 - Eisenstein, Edward A1 - England, Patrick A1 - Escalante, Carlos A1 - Fagan, Jeffrey A. A1 - Fairman, Robert A1 - Finn, Ron M. A1 - Fischle, Wolfgang A1 - Garcia de la Torre, Jose A1 - Gor, Jayesh A1 - Gustafsson, Henning A1 - Hall, Damien A1 - Harding, Stephen E. A1 - Hernandez Cifre, Jose G. A1 - Herr, Andrew B. A1 - Howell, Elizabeth E. A1 - Isaac, Richard S. A1 - Jao, Shu-Chuan A1 - Jose, Davis A1 - Kim, Soon-Jong A1 - Kokona, Bashkim A1 - Kornblatt, Jack A. A1 - Kosek, Dalibor A1 - Krayukhina, Elena A1 - Krzizike, Daniel A1 - Kusznir, Eric A. A1 - Kwon, Hyewon A1 - Larson, Adam A1 - Laue, Thomas M. A1 - Le Roy, Aline A1 - Leech, Andrew P. A1 - Lilie, Hauke A1 - Luger, Karolin A1 - Luque-Ortega, Juan R. A1 - Ma, Jia A1 - May, Carrie A. A1 - Maynard, Ernest L. A1 - Modrak-Wojcik, Anna A1 - Mok, Yee-Foong A1 - Mücke, Norbert A1 - Nagel-Steger, Luitgard A1 - Narlikar, Geeta J. A1 - Noda, Masanori A1 - Nourse, Amanda A1 - Obsil, Thomas A1 - Park, Chad K A1 - Park, Jin-Ku A1 - Pawelek, Peter D. A1 - Perdue, Erby E. A1 - Perkins, Stephen J. A1 - Perugini, Matthew A. A1 - Peterson, Craig L. A1 - Peverelli, Martin G. A1 - Piszczek, Grzegorz A1 - Prag, Gali A1 - Prevelige, Peter E. A1 - Raynal, Bertrand D. E. A1 - Rezabkova, Lenka A1 - Richter, Klaus A1 - Ringel, Alison E. A1 - Rosenberg, Rose A1 - Rowe, Arthur J. A1 - Rufer, Arne C. A1 - Scott, David J. A1 - Seravalli, Javier G. A1 - Solovyova, Alexandra S. A1 - Song, Renjie A1 - Staunton, David A1 - Stoddard, Caitlin A1 - Stott, Katherine A1 - Strauss, Holder M. A1 - Streicher, Werner W. A1 - Sumida, John P. A1 - Swygert, Sarah G. A1 - Szczepanowski, Roman H. A1 - Tessmer, Ingrid A1 - Toth, Ronald T. A1 - Tripathy, Ashutosh A1 - Uchiyama, Susumu A1 - Uebel, Stephan F. W. A1 - Unzai, Satoru A1 - Gruber, Anna Vitlin A1 - von Hippel, Peter H. A1 - Wandrey, Christine A1 - Wang, Szu-Huan A1 - Weitzel, Steven E A1 - Wielgus-Kutrowska, Beata A1 - Wolberger, Cynthia A1 - Wolff, Martin A1 - Wright, Edward A1 - Wu, Yu-Sung A1 - Wubben, Jacinta M. A1 - Schuck, Peter T1 - A Multilaboratory Comparison of Calibration Accuracy and the Performance of External References in Analytical Ultracentrifugation JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) is a first principles based method to determine absolute sedimentation coefficients and buoyant molar masses of macromolecules and their complexes, reporting on their size and shape in free solution. The purpose of this multi-laboratory study was to establish the precision and accuracy of basic data dimensions in AUC and validate previously proposed calibration techniques. Three kits of AUC cell assemblies containing radial and temperature calibration tools and a bovine serum albumin (BSA) reference sample were shared among 67 laboratories, generating 129 comprehensive data sets. These allowed for an assessment of many parameters of instrument performance, including accuracy of the reported scan time after the start of centrifugation, the accuracy of the temperature calibration, and the accuracy of the radial magnification. The range of sedimentation coefficients obtained for BSA monomer in different instruments and using different optical systems was from 3.655 S to 4.949 S, with a mean and standard deviation of (4.304\(\pm\)0.188) S (4.4%). After the combined application of correction factors derived from the external calibration references for elapsed time, scan velocity, temperature, and radial magnification, the range of s-values was reduced 7-fold with a mean of 4.325 S and a 6-fold reduced standard deviation of \(\pm\)0.030 S (0.7%). In addition, the large data set provided an opportunity to determine the instrument-to-instrument variation of the absolute radial positions reported in the scan files, the precision of photometric or refractometric signal magnitudes, and the precision of the calculated apparent molar mass of BSA monomer and the fraction of BSA dimers. These results highlight the necessity and effectiveness of independent calibration of basic AUC data dimensions for reliable quantitative studies. KW - fluorescence-detected sedimentation KW - size exclusion chromatography KW - field flow fractionation KW - spinco ultracentrifuge KW - aggregation KW - bead models KW - velocity KW - hydrodynamics KW - biopharmaceuticals KW - proteins Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151903 VL - 10 IS - 5 ER - TY - THES A1 - Breuer [geb. Hemberger], Kathrin R. F. T1 - Effiziente 3D Magnetresonanzbildgebung schnell abfallender Signale T1 - Efficient 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging of fast decaying signals N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Rotated-Cone-UTE-Sequenz (RC-UTE), eine 3D k-Raum-Auslesetechnik mit homogener Verteilung der Abtastdichte, vorgestellt. Diese 3D MR-Messtechnik ermöglicht die für die Detektion von schnell abfallenden Signalen notwendigen kurzen Echozeiten und weist eine höhere SNR-Effizienz als konventionelle radiale Pulssequenzen auf. Die Abtastdichte ist dabei in radialer und azimutaler Richtung angepasst. Simulationen und Messungen in vivo zeigen, dass die radiale Anpassung das T2-Blurring reduziert und die SNR-Effizienz erhöht. Die Drehung der Trajektorie in azimutale Richtung ermöglicht die Reduzierung der Unterabtastung bei gleicher Messzeit bzw. eine Reduzierung der Messzeit ohne Auflösungsverlust. Die RC-UTE-Sequenz wurde erfolgreich für die Bildgebung des Signals des kortikalen Knochens und der Lunge in vivo angewendet. Im Vergleich mit der grundlegenden UTE-Sequenz wurden die Vorteile von RC-UTE in allen Anwendungsbeispielen aufgezeigt. Die transversalen Relaxationszeit T2* des kortikalen Knochen bei einer Feldstärke von 3.0T und der Lunge bei 1.5T und 3.0T wurde in 3D isotroper Auflösung gemessen. Außerdem wurde die Kombination von RC-UTE-Sequenz mit Methoden der Magnetisierungspräparation zur besseren Kontrasterzeugung gezeigt. Dabei wurden die Doppel-Echo-Methode, die Unterdrückung von Komponenten mit langer Relaxationszeit T2 durch Inversionspulse und der Magnetisierungstransfer-Kontrast angewendet. Die Verwendung der RC-UTE-Sequenz für die 3D funktionelle Lungenbildgebung wird ebenfalls vorgestellt. Mit dem Ziel der umfassenden Charakterisierung der Lungenfunktion in 3D wurde die simultane Messung T1-gewichteter Bilder und quantitativer T2*-Karten für verschiedene Atemzustände an sechs Probanden durchgeführt. Mit der hier vorgestellten Methode kann die Lungenfunktion in 3D über T1-Wichtung, quantitative T2*-Messung und Rekonstruktion verschiedener Atemzustände durch Darstellung von Ventilation, Sauerstofftransport und Volumenänderung beurteilt werden. N2 - In this thesis the Rotated-Cone-UTE-sequence (RC-UTE), a 3D k- space sampling scheme with uniform sampling density, is presented. 3D RC-UTE provides short echo times enabling the detection of fast decaying signals with higher SNR-efficiency than conventional UTE sequences. In RC-UTE the sampling density is adapted in radial and azimuthal direction. It is shown in simulations and measurements that the density adaption along the radial dimension reduces T2-blurring. By twisting the trajectory along the azimuthal direction fewer projections are needed to fulfill the Nyquist criterion. Thereby, undersampling artefacts or the measurement time is reduced without loss of resolution. RC-UTE has been successfully applied in vivo in cortical bone and the lung. It was shown that the RC-UTE sequence outperforms the standard UTE sequence in all presented applications. In addition, the transversal relaxation time T2* of cortical bone at field strength of 3.0T and the human lung at 1.5T und 3.0T was measured in 3D isotropic resolution. Moreover, the combination of RC-UTE with magnetization preparation techniques for improved image contrast was shown. To this end strategies such as double-echo readout, long T2 suppression by inversion pulses and magnetization transfer contrast imaging were employed. Furthermore, the application of RC-UTE for 3D functional lung imaging is presented. In order to provide broad information about pulmonary function T1-weighted images and quantitative T2*-maps in different breathing states were simultaneously measured in six healthy volunteers. The presented methodology enables the assessment of pulmonary function in 3D by indicating ventilation, oxygen transfer and lung volume changes during free breathing. KW - Kernspintomografie KW - Relaxationszeit KW - Dreidimensionale Bildverarbeitung KW - T2* KW - Ulrakurze Echozeit KW - T1-Wichtung KW - dichteangepasste k-Raum Abtastung KW - Lunge KW - Relaxation KW - Lungenfunktion Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150750 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Espina, Laura A1 - Pagán, Rafael A1 - López, Daniel A1 - García-Gonzalo, Diego T1 - Individual Constituents from Essential Oils Inhibit Biofilm Mass Production by Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus JF - Molecules N2 - Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus represents a problem in both the medical field and the food industry, because the biofilm structure provides protection to embedded cells and it strongly attaches to surfaces. This circumstance is leading to many research programs seeking new alternatives to control biofilm formation by this pathogen. In this study we show that a potent inhibition of biofilm mass production can be achieved in community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive strains using plant compounds, such as individual constituents (ICs) of essential oils (carvacrol, citral, and (+)-limonene). The Crystal Violet staining technique was used to evaluate biofilm mass formation during 40 h of incubation. Carvacrol is the most effective IC, abrogating biofilm formation in all strains tested, while CA-MRSA was the most sensitive phenotype to any of the ICs tested. Inhibition of planktonic cells by ICs during initial growth stages could partially explain the inhibition of biofilm formation. Overall, our results show the potential of EOs to prevent biofilm formation, especially in strains that exhibit resistance to other antimicrobials. As these compounds are food additives generally recognized as safe, their anti-biofilm properties may lead to important new applications, such as sanitizers, in the food industry or in clinical settings. KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - carvacrol KW - strains KW - essential oils KW - anti-biofilm KW - bacterial biofilms KW - food industry KW - antibacterial KW - inactivation KW - components KW - citrus KW - biofilms KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - (+)-limonene KW - citral Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151845 VL - 20 SP - 11357 EP - 11372 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sperlich, Paula F. A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer A1 - Reed, Jennifer L. A1 - Zinner, Christoph A1 - Mester, Joachim A1 - Sperlich, Billy T1 - Individual versus standardized running protocols in the determination of VO\(_{2max}\) JF - Journal of Sports Science and Medicine N2 - The purpose of this study was to determine whether an individually designed incremental exercise protocol results in greater rates of oxygen uptake VO\(_{2max}\) than standardized testing. Fourteen well-trained, male runners performed five incremental protocols in randomized order to measure their VO\(_{2max}\): i) an incremental test (INC\(_{S+I}\)) with pre-defined increases in speed (2 min at 8.64 km.h\(^{-1}\), then a rise of 1.44 km.h\(^{-1}\) every 30 s up to 14.4 km.h\(^{-1}\)) and thereafter inclination (0.5.every 30 s); ii) an incremental test (INC\(_{I}\)) at constant speed (14.4 km.h\(^{-1}\)) and increasing inclination (2 degrees every 2 min from the initial 0 degrees); iii) an incremental test (INC\(_{S}\)) at constant inclination (0 degrees) and increasing speed (0.5 km.h\(^{-1}\) every 30 s from the initial 12.0 km.h\(^{-1}\)); iv) a graded exercise protocol (GXP) at a 1 degrees incline with increasing speed (initially 8.64 km.h\(^{-1}\) + 1.44 km.h\(^{-1}\) every 5 min); v) an individual exercise protocol (INDXP) in which the runner chose the inclination and speed. VO\(_{2max}\) was lowest (-4.2%) during the GXP (p = 0.01; d = 0.06 - 0.61) compared to all other tests. The highest rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, ventilation and end-exercise blood lactate concentration were similar between the different protocols (p < 0.05). The time to exhaustion ranged from 7 min 18 sec (INC\(_{S}\)) to 25 min 30 sec (GXP) (p = 0.01). The VO\(_{2max}\) attained by employing an individual treadmill protocol does not differ from the values derived from various standardized incremental protocols. KW - maximum oxygen uptake KW - aerobic power KW - treadmill running KW - ramp test KW - treadmill protocol Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151890 VL - 14 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Lambert, Christoph A1 - Völker, Sebastian F. A1 - Koch, Federico A1 - Schmiedel, Alexander A1 - Holzapfel, Marco A1 - Humeniuk, Alexander A1 - Röhr, Merle I. S. A1 - Mitric, Roland A1 - Brixner, Tobias T1 - Energy Transfer Between Squaraine Polymer Sections: From helix to zig-zag and All the Way Back T2 - Journal of the American Chemical Society N2 - Joint experimental and theoretical study of the absorption spectra of squaraine polymers in solution provide evidence that two different conformations are present in solution: a helix and a zig-zag structure. This unique situation allows investigating ultrafast energy transfer processes between different structural segments within a single polymer chain in solution. The understanding of the underlying dynamics is of fundamental importance for the development of novel materials for light-harvesting and optoelectronic applications. We combine here femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with time-resolved 2D electronic spectroscopy showing that ultrafast energy transfer within the squaraine polymer chains proceeds from initially excited helix segments to zig-zag segments or vice versa, depending on the solvent as well as on the excitation wavenumber. These observations contrast other conjugated polymers such as MEH-PPV where much slower intrachain energy transfer was reported. The reason for the very fast energy transfer in squaraine polymers is most likely a close matching of the density of states between donor and acceptor polymer segments because of very small reorganization energy in these cyanine-like chromophores. KW - energy transfer dynamics KW - squaraine polymer Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159607 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b03644 N1 - This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that war subsequently accepted for publication in Journal of the American Chemical Society, copyright American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see doi:10.1021/jacs.5b03644. ER - TY - THES A1 - Rotem, Elam T1 - Early Basso Continuo Practice: Implicit Evidence in the Music of Emilio de' Cavalieri T1 - Frühe Basso Continuo-Praxis: Implizite Evidenz in der Musik Emilio de' Cavalieris N2 - In this work, Emilio de’ Cavalieri’s musical sources will serve as a platform in an attempt to overcome the lack of explicit original guidance and guidelines of performance practice of early basso continuo. It will offer a methodology that will allow the unraveling of implicit theory and practice hidden in the music sources themselves. The methodology of this work is based on the fact that Cavalieri’s Rappresentatione di Anima e di Corpo (Rome, 1600) is printed using a unique continuo notation, which is detailed, precise, and coherent—more so than any other contemporaneous printed source. Through thorough investigation of this continuo notation, it will be possible to enrich our practical as well as theoretical knowledge of the early basso continuo. A wide range of evidences will emerge, covering a wide spectrum, from general questions of instrumentation up to the very notes that should be played. Using a special notation for illustration, I will demonstrate how Cavalieri’s basso continuo figuration, when combined with the known rules of counterpoint, is at times equivalent to written-out realizations. As part of this study, different models of contrapuntal phenomena will be analyzed, mainly in the context of cadences but also in the context of other progressions that deserve to be recognized as formulas. Their theoretical structure will be uncovered as well as their actual application in music and their manner of execution. The prevalence of each phenomenon will be examined in order to distinguish common and recurrent phenomena from rarely-used formulas. In order to do this, and due to problematic historical terminology, it will be necessary to create a set of new terms inspired by Cavalieri’s notation. Those terms will not be solely relevant to Cavalieri’s music; the models were made flexible so that they may prove useful for future discussions or studies of early continuo in general. Out of the known early basso continuo sources, a “mini-compendium” of practical implications will be extracted in order to exhaust the practical knowledge implicit in them. This endeavor will be concluded with a list of rules and general advice drawn from the sources, but it will also reveal some problematic aspects of these sources. This endeavor will make it possible to compare the “new” implicit practical information deduced in this study with the explicit known continuo sources, and assess to what extant Cavalieri’s continuo practices illuminate and complement the known knowledge from previously-studied yet opaque sources of basso continuo. The focus of this dissertation is on Cavalieri’s music, but the findings proposed here will be traced so as to illuminate the broader realm of the early Baroque and the 17th century musical style at large. Finally, this new research about Cavalieri’s music and continuo, along reevaluating of its place among the common continuo sources, calls for redistribution of source materials on the traditional “shelf” of early basso continuo sources. N2 - Frühe Basso Continuo-Praxis: Implizite Evidenz in der Musik Emilio de' Cavalieris KW - Performance practice KW - Early Music KW - Early Basso Continuo Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145079 N1 - eine 2., ergänzte Fassung der Arbeit finden Sie unter: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145696 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eden, Lars A1 - Ziegler, Dirk A1 - Gilbert, Fabian A1 - Fehske, Kai A1 - Fenwick, Annabel A1 - Meffert, Rainer H. T1 - Significant pain reduction and improved functional outcome after surgery for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures JF - Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research N2 - Purpose Displaced midshaft clavicular fractures can be treated conservatively as well as operatively by titan elastic nail (TEN) or plate fixation. This survey was performed to evaluate the clinical results of each treatment method and elaborate advantages or possible complications of each modality. Methods Between 2008 and 2013, 102 patients were prospectively included in our study—37 patients for conservative treatment with a rucksack bandage for 4 to 6 weeks, 41 patients for plate osteosynthesis, and 24 for intramedullary stabilization with TEN. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Constant Murley Score (CMS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and function as well as time of invalidity were recorded over a 1-year period. Results The clinical data collected reveals that all three different therapies lead to good or excellent clinical results after 1 year. However, one can observe advantages of operative treatment in comparison to conservative therapy in some characteristics. Conclusion Our data shows that there are several indications where operative treatment has advantages compared to conservative treatment. In special fracture types (Robinson 2B1), TEN gives the best results. Plate fixation is extraordinarily sufficient in pain reduction within the first 5 weeks and indicated in more-part fractures (Robinson 2B2). Nevertheless, conservative treatment is always a good and promising way to treat clavicular fractures, so that individual indications and thorough patient informative talks are inevitable. KW - clavicular fracture KW - TEN KW - AS clavicle plate KW - LCP KW - reconstruction plates Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146357 VL - 10 IS - 190 ER - TY - THES A1 - Beitzen-Heineke, Antonia T1 - Invariant Natural Killer T cells possess immune-modulating functions during \(Aspergillus\) \(fumigatus\) infection T1 - Invariante Natürliche Killer T Zellen besitzen immunmodulierende Funktionen in der \(Aspergillus\) \(fumigatus\) Abwehr N2 - Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common cause for invasive fungal infections, a disease associated with high mortality in immune-compromised patients. CD1d-restricted invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells compose a small subset of T cells known to impact the immune response towards various infectious pathogens. To investigate the role of human iNKT cells during A. fumigatus infection, we studied their activation as determined by CD69 expression and cytokine production in response to distinct fungal morphotypes in the presence of different CD1d⁺ antigen presenting cells using flow cytometry and multiplex ELISA. Among CD1d⁺ subpopulations, CD1d⁺CD1c⁺ mDCs showed the highest potential to activate iNKT cells on a per cell basis. The presence of A. fumigatus decreased this effect of CD1d⁺CD1c⁺ mDCs on iNKT cells and led to reduced secretion of TNF-α, G-CSF and RANTES. Production of other Th1 and Th2 cytokines was not affected by the fungus, suggesting an immune-modulating function for human iNKT cells during A. fumigatus infection. N2 - Aspergillus fumigatus ist der häufigste Erreger von invasiven Pilzinfektionen, welche bei immunsupprimierten Patienten mit einer hohen Mortalität einhergehen. CD1d-abhängige invariante Natürliche Killer T (iNKT) Zellen sind eine kleine Subpopulation von T-Zellen, die die Immunantwort auf verschiedene Erreger beeinflussen. Um die Rolle von humanen iNKT Zellen in der Aspergillus fumigatus Abwehr zu untersuchen, wurde in Ko-Kulturen mit iNKT Zellen und CD1d⁺ Antigen präsentierenden Zellen in Anwesenheit von verschiedenen fungalen Morphotypen der Aktivierungsmarker CD69 und die Zytokinproduktion mittels Durchflusszytometrie und Multiplex ELISA untersucht. Unter den CD1d⁺ Subpopulationen wiesen die CD1d⁺CD1c⁺mDCs das höchste aktivierende Potential auf iNKT Zellen auf. Die Anwesenheit von A. fumigatus reduzierte diesen Effekt von CD1d⁺CD1c⁺mDCs auf iNKT Zellen und führte zu einer reduzierten Sekretion von TNF-α, G-CSF und RANTES. Die Produktion von anderen Th1 und Th2 Zytokinen war nicht durch den Pilz beeinflusst. Diese Arbeit suggeriert eine immunmodulierende Funktion von humanen iNKT Zellen in der Abwehr von A. fumigatus. KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - T Zelle KW - iNKT KW - CD1d KW - CD1c⁺ mDC Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144966 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kutzer, Pia Elfriede Seyra T1 - Langzeitergebnisse einer steroidfreien Immunsuppression ein Jahr nach Nierentransplantation T1 - Long-term results of a steroid-free immunosuppressive regimen one year after renal transplantation N2 - Die Transplantation nimmt, mehr noch als die verschiedenen Dialyseverfahren, den höchsten Stellenwert in der Therapie eines terminalen Nierenversagens ein. Eine Transplantation erfordert jedoch auch immer eine suffiziente Immunsuppression, ohne die die Funktionalität des Transplantats nicht gewährleistet werden kann. Kortikosteroide werden dabei immer noch sehr häufig nach Nierentransplantation eingesetzt. Jedoch bringt diese Medikation auch Risiken mit sich. In der vorliegenden retrospektiven Analyse wurden die Daten von insgesamt 809 Patienten ausgewertet. Die Patienten wurden in zwei Gruppen aufgeteilt, wobei zwischen steroidfrei und nicht-steroidfrei in Jahr zwei nach Transplantation unterschieden wurde. Untersucht wurde, ob es Unterschiede im Patienten- und Transplantatüberleben, bei akuten Abstoßungen oder bei steroidtypischen Nebenwirkungen gibt. Wir konnten ein tendenziell besseres Patientenüberleben in der steroidfreien Gruppe feststellen, vor allem zu sehen an der Zehn-Jahres-Überlebensrate (86,0% vs. 79,8%). Bezüglich des Transplantatüberlebens zeigte sich ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied zugunsten der steroidfreien Patienten (nach fünf Jahren 92,2% vs. 79,7%). Ein Transplantatverlust war in der steroidfreien Kohorte seltener zu beobachten (23,1% vs. 33,8%). Bei den in Jahr zwei steroidfreien Patienten ereigneten sich weniger akute Abstoßungsereignisse, sowohl bioptisch gesicherte als auch nur klinisch verdächtige Episoden. Steroidtypische Nebenwirkungen, zum Beispiel ein Posttransplantationsdiabetes sowie kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse wurden tendenziell häufiger in der Kohorte mit fortgesetzter Steroideinnahme diagnostiziert. Im Auftreten von Malignomen gab es keinen Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen. Zu beachten ist die Möglichkeit eines Selektionsbias bei der retrospektiven Auswertung. Somit ergeben sich in unserer Analyse für eine verkürzte Einnahme von Steroiden nach Transplantation greifbare Vorteile für das Patienten- und Transplantatüberleben. Die Steroidtherapie sollte jedoch mindestens bis sechs Monate nach Transplantation beibehalten werden. Nach diesem Zeitraum erscheint das Absetzen der Steroide sicherer zu sein, da akute Abstoßungsepisoden seltener auftreten. Sowohl Patienten- und Transplantatüberleben werden durch das Absetzen der Steroidtherapie günstig beeinflusst. Ein früheres Absetzen, wie es in anderen Studien durchgeführt wurde, führte häufiger zu höheren Raten an akuten Rejektionen. Kortikosteroide waren und bleiben somit ein unverzichtbarer Teil der initialen immunsuppressiven Therapie nach Nierentransplantation. N2 - We analyzed the long-term results of a steroid-free immunosuppressive regimen one year after renal transplantation. In this retrospective analysis 809 patients were included who underwent renal transplantation between 1984 an 2012. The patients were divided into two groups: Patients who continued taking steroids one year after transplantation and patients who were withdrawn from steroids after one year after transplantation. Both groups were matched for baseline parameters. In the steroid withdrawal-group we found lower overall-mortality rates compared to steroid-continuation-patients. Also there were less graft losses in the CSW group. KW - Nierentransplantation KW - Immunsuppression KW - corticosteroid withdrawal KW - corticosteroid-free immunosuppression after renal transplantation Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141586 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schwarz, Christoph Benjamin T1 - Full vector-field control of femtosecond laser pulses with an improved optical design T1 - Vollständige Kontrolle des Vektorfelds von Femtosekunden-Laserpulsen mit einem verbesserten optischen Design N2 - The controlled shaping of ultrashort laser pulses is a powerful technology and applied in many laser laboratories today. Most of the used pulse shapers are only able to produce linearly polarized pulses shaped in amplitude and phase. Some devices are also capable of producing limited time-varying polarization profiles, but they are not able to control the amplitude. However, for some state-of-the-art non-linear time-resolved methods, such as polarization-enhanced two-dimensional spectroscopy, the possibility of controlling the amplitude and the polarization simultaneously is desirable. Over the last years, different concepts have been developed to overcome these restrictions and to manipulate the complete vector-field of an ultrashort laser pulse with independent control over all four degrees of freedom - phase, amplitude, orientation, and ellipticity. The aim of this work was to build such a vector-field shaper. While the basic concept used for our setup is based on previous designs reported in the literature, the goal was to develop an optimized optical design that minimizes artifacts, allowing for the generation of predefined polarization pulse sequences with the highest achievable accuracy. In Chapter 3, different approaches reported in the literature for extended and unrestricted vector-field control were examined and compared in detail. Based on this analysis, we decided to follow the approach of modulating the spectral phase and amplitude of two perpendicularly polarized pulses independently from each other in two arms of an interferometer and recombining them to a single laser pulse to gain control over the complete vector field. As described in Chapter 4, the setup consists of three functional groups: i) an optical component to generate and recombine the two polarized beams, ii) a 4f setup, and iii) a refracting telescope to direct the two beams under two different angles of incidence onto the grating of the 4f setup in a common-path geometry. This geometry was chosen to overcome potential phase instabilities of an interferometric vector-field shaper. Manipulating the two perpendicularly polarized pulses simultaneously within one 4f setup and using adjacent pixel groups of the same liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC SLM) for the two polarizations has the advantages that only a single dual-layer LC SLM is required and that a robust and compact setup was achieved. The shaping capabilities of the presented design were optimized by finding the best parameters for the setup through numerical calculations to adjust the frequency distributions for a broad spectrum of 740 – 880 nm. Instead of using a Wollaston prism as in previous designs, a thin-film polarizer (TFP) is utilized to generate and recombine the two orthogonally polarized beams. Artifacts such as angular dispersion and phase distortions along the beam profile which arise when a Wollaston prism is used were discussed. Furthermore, it was shown by ray-tracing simulations that in combination with a telescope and the 4f setup, a significant deformation of the beam profile would be present when using a Wollaston prism since a separation of the incoming and outgoing beam in height is needed. The ray-tracing simulations also showed that most optical aberrations of the setup are canceled out when the incoming and outgoing beams propagate in the exact same plane by inverting the beam paths. This was realized by employing a TFP in the so-called crossed-polarizer arrangement which has also the advantage that the polarization-dependent efficiencies of the TFP and the other optics are automatically compensated and that a high extinction ratio in the order of 15000:1 is reached. Chromatic aberrations are, however, not compensated by the crossed-polarizer arrangement. The ray-tracing simulations confirmed that these chromatic aberrations are mainly caused by the telescope and not by the cylindrical lens of the 4f setup. Nevertheless, in the experimentally used wavelength range of 780 – 816 nm, only minor distortions of the beam profile were observed, which were thus considered to be negligible in the presented setup. The software implementation of the pulse shaper was reviewed in Chapter 5 of this thesis. In order to perform various experiments, five different parameterizations, accounting for the extended shaping capabilities of a vector-field shaper, were developed. The Pixel Basis, the Spectral Basis, and the Spectral Taylor Basis can generally be used in combination with an optimization algorithm and are therefore well suited for quantum control experiments. For multidimensional spectroscopy, the Polarized Four-Pulse Basis was established. With this parameterization pulse sequences with up to four subpulses can be created. The polarization state of each subpulse can be specified and the relative intensity, phase, and temporal delay between consecutive subpulses can be controlled. In addition, different software programs were introduced in Chapter 5 which are required to perform the experiments conducted in this work. The experimental results were presented in Chapter 6. The frequency distribution across the LC SLM was measured proving that the optimal frequency distribution was realized experimentally. Furthermore, the excellent performance of the TFP was verified. In general, satellite pulses are emitted from the TFP due to multiple internal reflections. Various measurements demonstrated that these pulses are temporally separated by at least 4.05 ps from the main pulse and that they have vanishing intensity. The phase stability between the two arms of the presented common-path setup σ = 28.3 mrad (λ/222) over 60 minutes. To further improve this stability over very long measurement times, an on-the-fly phase reduction and stabilization (OPRAS) routine utilizing the pulse shaper itself was developed. This routine automatically produces a compressed pulse with a minimized relative phase between the two polarization components. A phase stability of σ = 31.9 mrad (λ/197) over nearly 24 hours was measured by employing OPRAS. Various pulse sequences exceeding the capabilities of conventional pulse shapers were generated and characterized. The experimental results proved that shaped pulses with arbitrary phase, amplitude, and polarization states can be created. In all cases very high agreement between the target parameters and the experimental data was achieved. For the future use of the setup also possible modifications were suggested. These are not strictly required, but all of them could further improve the performance and flexibility of the setup. Firstly, it was illustrated how a “dual-output” of the setup can be realized. With this modification it would be possible to use the main intensity of the shaped pulse for an experiment while using a small fraction to characterize the pulse or to perform OPRAS simultaneously. Secondly, the basic idea of replacing the telescope by focusing mirrors in order to eliminate the chromatic aberrations was presented. Regarding the different parameterizations for vector-field shaping, some modifications increasing the flexibility of the implemented bases and the realization of a von Neumann Basis for the presented setup were proposed. In future experiments, the vector-field shaper will be used in conjunction with a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM). This approach combines the temporal resolution provided by ultrashort laser pulses with the high spatial resolution gained by electron microscopy in order to perform two-dimensional spectroscopy and coherent control on nanostructures with polarization-shaped femtosecond laser pulses. In combination with other chiral-sensitive experimental setups implemented earlier in our group, the vector-field shaper opens up new perspectives for chiral femtochemistry and chiral control. The designed vector-field shaper meets all requirements to generate high-precision polarization-shaped multipulse sequences. These can be used to perform numerous polarization-sensitive experiments. Employing the OPRAS routine, a quasi-infinitely long phase stability is achieved and complex and elaborated long-term measurements can be carried out. The fact that OPRAS demands no additional hardware and that only a single dual-layer LC SLM and inexpensive optics are required allows the building of a vector-field shaper at comparatively low costs. We hope that with the detailed insights into the optical design process as well as into the software implementation given in this thesis, vector-field shaping will become a standard technique just as conventional pulse shaping in the upcoming years. N2 - Die gezielte Formung ultrakurzer Laserpulse ist eine leistungsstarke Technik, die heutzutage in vielen Laserlaboren eingesetzt wird. Die meisten Pulsformer können jedoch nur linear polarisierte, in Phase und Amplitude geformte Laserpulse erzeugen. Einige Pulsformer können auch sich zeitlich verändernde Polarisationszustände generieren. Die möglichen Polarisationszustände sind allerdings beschränkt und eine gleichzeitige Formung der Amplitude ist dann nicht mehr möglich. Für einige moderne, nicht-lineare, zeitaufgelöste, spektroskopische Methoden, wie z.B. die polarisationsunterstützte zweidimensionale Spektroskopie, ist aber die gleichzeitige Kontrolle über die Polarisation und die Amplitude erstrebenswert. In den letzten Jahren wurden verschiedene Konzepte entwickelt, um diese Beschränkungen zu überwinden und eine vollständige Kontrolle des Vektorfeldes über die vier Freiheitsgrade Phase, Amplitude, Orientierung und Elliptizität eines ultrakurzen Laserpulses zu erlangen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, einen solchen Vektorfeldformer zu konstruieren. Die Grundidee für das Design unseres Aufbaus basiert auf verschiedenen literaturbekannten Konzepten. Unser Ziel war es jedoch, ein optimiertes Design zu entwickeln, bei dem Formungsartefakte minimal sind und definierte polarisationsgeformte Mehrfachpulse mit der höchstmöglichen Genauigkeit erzeugt werden können. In Kapitel 3 wurden verschiedene vorherige Ansätze für die erweiterte und vollständige Vektorfeldkontrolle detailliert geprüft und verglichen. Basierend auf dieser Analyse haben wir uns dazu entschlossen, das Konzept eines interferometrischen Vektorfeldformers zu verwenden. Bei diesem werden die spektrale Phase und Amplitude zweier orthogonal polarisierter Pulse unabhängig voneinander in den zwei Armen eines Interferometers manipuliert und durch Überlagerung dieser zwei Pulse die vollständige Kontrolle über das Vektorfeld erlangt. Wie in Kapitel 4 beschrieben, besteht der Aufbau aus drei funktionellen Gruppen: i) einer optischen Komponente, um die zwei polarisierten Strahlen zu erzeugen und zu rekombinieren, ii) einem sog. 4f-Aufbau und iii) einem Linsenteleskop, um die zwei Strahlen unter unterschiedlichen Winkeln auf das Gitter des 4f-Aufbaus zu lenken, so dass beide Strahlen über dieselben Optiken propagieren. Diese Art der Strahlführung wurde gewählt, um die interferometrische Stabilität des Aufbaus zu verbessern. Beide Strahlen werden mit demselben 4f-Aufbau geformt, indem unterschiedliche benachbarte Pixelbereiche des Flüssigkristall-Lichtmodulators (LC SLM, engl. liquid-crystal spatial light modulator) für die zwei Polarisationskomponenten genutzt werden. Das hat den Vorteil, dass nur ein einzelnes zweilagiges LC SLM benötigt wird und so ein kompakter und robuster Aufbau realisiert werden konnte. Um die Frequenzverteilung für einen breiten Spektralbereich von 740 – 880 nm anzupassen, wurden die besten Parameter für den Aufbau anhand numerischer Berechnungen bestimmt, und somit die Formungsmöglichkeiten unseres Vektorfeldformers optimiert. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Designs wird ein Dünnschicht-Polarisator (TFP, engl. thin-film polarizer) anstelle eine Wollaston-Prismas verwendet, um die zwei senkrecht zueinander polarisierten Strahlen zu erzeugen und zu rekombinieren, da ein Wollaston-Prisma Artefakte wie Winkelchirp und eine über das Strahlprofiel variierende Phase verursacht. Bei Verwendung eines Wollaston-Prismas muss zudem der rekombinierte Strahl gegenüber des einfallenden Strahls in der Höhe verkippt werden, um beide räumlich trennen zu können. Raytracing-Simulationen haben gezeigt, dass dies in Kombination mit einem Teleskop und dem 4f-Aufbau zu einer erheblichen Deformierung des Strahlprofiles führt. Diese Simulationen haben auch gezeigt, dass die Abbildungsfehler des Aufbaus weitestgehend aufgehoben werden, wenn der eingehende und ausgehende Strahl in derselben Ebene propagieren und somit die Strahlwege genau invertiert werden. Dies konnte mit Hilfe des TFPs in einer Konfiguration, die gekreuzten Polarisatoren entspricht, realisiert werden. Diese Konfiguration hat zudem den Vorteil, dass dadurch die polarisationsabhängige Effizienz des TFPs und der anderen Optiken automatisch kompensiert wird und ein hohes Auslöschungsverhältnis in der Größenordnung 15000:1 erzielt wird. Die chromatische Aberration wird allerdings durch diese Polarisator-Konfiguration nicht aufgehoben. Durch Raytracing wurde bestätigt, dass diese primär durch das Teleskop verursacht wird und nicht durch die Zylinderlinse des 4f-Aufbaus. Allerdings wurden im experimentell genutzten Wellenlängenbereich von 780 – 816 nm nur geringe Störungen des Strahlprofiles beobachtet, die daher als vernachlässigbar angesehen wurden. Die softwareseitige Umsetzung der Vektorfeldkontrolle wurde in Kapitel 5 beschrieben. Um verschiedene Experimente durchführen zu können, wurden fünf Parametrisierungen entwickelt, bei denen die erweiterten Formungsmöglichkeiten eines Vektorfeldformers berücksichtigt wurden. Die Pixel Basis, die Spectral Basis und die Spectral Taylor Basis können zusammen mit einem Optimierungsalgorithmus verwendet werden und sind damit bestens für Experimente der Quantenkontrolle geeignet. Für die multidimensionale Spektroskopie wurde die Polarized Four-Pulse Basis eingeführt. Mit dieser Parametrisierung können Mehrfach-Pulssequenzen mit bis zu vier Pulsen erzeugt werden. Dabei kann der Polarisationszustand jedes Pulses vorgegeben und die relative Intensität, Phase und der zeitliche Abstand aufeinanderfolgender Pulse festgelegt werden. Zusätzlich wurden in Kapitel 5 verschieden Softwareprogramme vorgestellt, die für die in dieser Arbeit durchgeführten Experimente notwendig sind. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse wurden in Kapitel 6 präsentiert. Die Frequenzverteilung am LC SLM wurde gemessen und dabei bewiesen, dass die optimale Frequenzverteilung experimentell realisiert werden konnte. Des Weiteren wurden die exzellenten Eigenschaften des TFPs bestätigt. Im Allgemeinen emittiert der TFP Satellitenpulse durch interne Mehrfachreflexe. Mehrere Messungen haben jedoch gezeigt, dass diese Satellitenpulse einen zeitlichen Abstand von mindesten 4,05 ps vom Hauptpuls aufweisen und dass deren Intensität verschwindend gering ist. Die Phasenstabilität des Aufbaus beträgt σ = 28,3 mrad (λ/222) über einen Zeitraum von einer Stunde. Um die Stabilität für sehr lange Messzeiten zu verbessern, wurde eine Routine zur Phasenreduktion und zur Stabilisierung (OPRAS, engl. on-the-fly phase reduction and stabilization) unter Einbeziehung des Pulsformers entwickelt. Diese Routine erzeugt automatisiert einen komprimierten Puls mit minimierter relativer Phase zwischen den zwei Polarisationskomponenten und ermöglicht so eine Phasenstabilität von σ = 31,9 mrad (λ/197) über nahezu 24 Stunden. Ferner wurden verschieden Pulssequenzen erzeugt und charakterisiert, die die Möglichkeiten der konventionellen Pulsformung übertreffen. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass geformte Pulse mit beliebigen Phasen, Amplituden und Polarisationszuständen generiert werden können. In allen Fällen wurde eine sehr hohe Übereinstimmung zwischen den Zielparametern und den experimentellen Daten erreicht. Für den zukünftigen Einsatz des Aufbaus wurden mögliche Erweiterungen vorgeschlagen. Diese sind nicht zwingend erforderlich, könnten aber die Leistung und die Einsatzmöglichkeiten des Vektorfeldformers weiter verbessern. Erstens wurde aufgezeigt, wie zwei Ausgangsstrahlen erzeugt werden könnten. Mit dieser Veränderung wäre es möglich, den größten Teil der Intensität des geformten Strahls für ein Experiment zu nutzen und gleichzeitig einen geringen Anteil für die Pulscharakterisierung oder für die Phasenstabilisierung mit der entwickelten Routine zu verwenden. Um chromatische Aberration zu vermeiden, wurde zweitens die prinzipielle Idee, das Linsenteleskop durch fokussierende Spiegel zu ersetzen, diskutiert. Für die verschiedenen erarbeiteten Parametrisierungen zur Vektorfeldkontrolle wurden einige Erweiterungen vorgeschlagen, um deren Einsatzmöglichkeiten noch weiter zu erhöhen. Außerdem wurde noch die Möglichkeit einer von Neumann Basis für den präsentierten Aufbau aufgezeigt. In zukünftigen Experimenten wird unser Aufbau mit einem Photoemissionselektronenmikroskop (PEEM) kombiniert. Dadurch kann die zeitliche Auflösung ultrakurzer Laserpulse mit der hohen räumlichen Auflösung der Elektronenmikroskopie vereint werden, was die zweidimensionale Spektroskopie und Quantenkontrolle von Nanostrukturen mit Hilfe polarisationsgeformter Femtosekunden-Laserpulse ermöglicht. Der Vektorfeldformer eröffnet in Verbindung mit anderen zuvor in unserer Gruppe implementierten chiral sensitiven Versuchsaufbauten neue Perspektiven für die chirale Femtochemie und Kontrolle. Der erarbeitete Vektorfeldformer erfüllt alle Anforderungen, um polarisationsgeformte Mehrfachpulssequenzen mit hoher Präzision zu erzeugen. Diese können verwendet werden, um zahlreiche polarisationssensitive Experimente durchzuführen. Durch die Stabilisierungsroutine OPRAS wird eine quasi unendlich lange Phasenstabilität des Aufbaus gewährleistet und komplexe und aufwendige Langzeitmessungen können ausgeführt werden. Die Tatsache, dass OPRAS keine weitere Hardware benötigt und der Aufbau nur einen einzigen zweilagigen Flüssigkristall-Lichtmodulator sowie ansonsten verhältnismäßig günstige Optiken erfordert, ermöglicht den Bau eines Vektorfeldformers zu vergleichsweise niedrigen Kosten. Wir hoffen, dass andere Forschergruppen von den detailreichen Einblicken in den Designprozess und die Software-Implementierung profitieren und dass die vollständige Vektorfeldformung in den nächsten Jahren genauso wie die konventionelle Pulsformung zu einer Standard-Technologie wird. KW - Ultrakurzer Lichtimpuls KW - vector-field shaper KW - vector-field control KW - polarization pulse shaping KW - femtosecond pulse shaping KW - Vektorfeldformer KW - Vektorfeldkontrolle KW - Polarisationspulsformung KW - Femtosekunden Pulsformung KW - Femtosekundenbereich KW - Impulsformung KW - Femtosekundenlaser Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-142948 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dischinger, Ulrich Severin T1 - Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Haltungsbedingungen auf Phänotyp und Genexpression im Mausmodell T1 - Effects of different environmental conditions on phenotype and gene expression in the mouse model N2 - In zahlreichen Untersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass Umweltbedingungen im frühen Lebensalter einerseits die Entwicklung von Resilienz, d.h. Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber Stressoren, andererseits aber auch die Entwicklung physischer und psychischer Erkrankungen im weiteren Lebensverlauf beeinflussen können. Dabei wird angenommen, dass sich sowohl dezidiert positive als auch in Maßen aversive Umweltbedingungen mit rezidivierender Stressbelastung günstig auf die Resilienz im späteren Leben auswirken können. Auf neurobiologischer Ebene scheinen dabei das CRH und seine Rezeptoren (CRHR1 und CRHR2), das NPY-System sowie das NPS-System (insbesondere NPS-Rezeptor) eine besondere Rolle zu spielen. Jedoch sind die exakten Zusammenhänge und neurobiologischen Grundlagen weiterhin nur unzureichend aufgeklärt. Dies ist insbesondere insofern bedauernswert, da weiterer Erkenntnisgewinn auf diesem Gebiet möglicherweise Präventionsstrategien und Therapieoptionen für den Menschen begründen könnte. Um die Auswirkung der Umweltbedingungen im frühkindlichen Lebensalter auf die Resilienz im späteren Leben weiter aufzuklären, wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit insgesamt 310 Cd1-Mäuse den Haltungsbedingungen "Environmental Enrichment" (EE, Stimulation durch Spielobjekte) und "Maternal separation" (MS, wiederholte Stressbelastung durch Separation der Nachkommen vom Muttertier) sowie Standardhaltungsbedingungen unterworfen. Insgesamt 31 männlichen Tieren wurde im Alter von vier Wochen die Gehirne entnommen und aus diesen jeweils die Regionen Frontalcortex, Striatum, Nucleus accumbens, Hippocampus, Amygdala, dorsale Nuclei raphes und Hypothalamus herauspräpariert. Aus den gewonnenen Proben wurde RNA extrahiert, hieraus cDNA synthetisiert und abschließend - nach Ausschluss von Kontamination und Integritätsprüfung - die Expressionsraten der untersuchten Gene mittels RT-qPCR quantifiziert. Um auch verhaltensbiologische Konsequenzen der unterschiedlichen Haltungsbedingungen zu erfassen, wurden außerdem 30 weibliche sowie 30 männliche Tiere im weiteren Lebensverlauf verschiedenen Verhaltenstests zugeführt. In den Sucrose-Präferenz-Tests zeigten sich Effekte der Haltungsbedingung auf Sucrose-Konsum und Präferenz mit signifikant geringeren Werten der Haltungsgruppe EE. Bei der Auswertung der Openfield-Tests fanden sich Gruppen-Geschlechter-Interaktionseffekte mit signifikant geringeren Werten (Gesamtstrecke, Strecke und Aufenthaltsdauer im zentralen Bereich, Eintritte in den zentralen Bereich) der weiblichen EE-Tiere. In den Barnes Maze-Tests benötigten die Tiere der Haltungsgruppe EE an den meisten Testtagen signifikant weniger Zeit, um in die Escape-Box zu "entkommen". Auf neurobiologischer Ebene fanden sich signifikante Unterschiede der CRH-Expressionsraten in Amygdalae und Frontalcortex, der CRHR 1-Expressionsraten in Amygdalae und Hypothalamus sowie der CRHR2-Expressionsraten in Amygdalae und Hippocampus. Demgegenüber konnte kein signifikanter Effekt der Haltungsbedingung auf das NPY-System gefunden werden. Jedoch ließen sich signifikante Unterschiede der NPSR1-Expressionsraten in Amygdalae, Frontalcortex, dorsalen Nuclei raphes und Hypothalamus feststellen. Es kann also grundsätzlich von Auswirkungen unterschiedlich aversiver Haltungsbedingungen auf die Stress-Resilienz von Versuchstieren ausgegangen werden. Dies ist einerseits für Tierversuche allgemein von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung. Andererseits legen die Resultate eine entsprechende frühkindliche "Programmierung" auch im Menschen nahe. N2 - Chronic stress leads to several somatic and psychiatric diseases. Especially chronic stress in early stages of life predisposes to psychiatric disease in later life due to plasticity and therefore adaptability of the human brain in early life. On the other side repeated stress as well as decidedly positive conditions in early life potentially lead to resilience against stressors in later life. Data from animal studies suggest both options. Further insight into this matter could establish new prevention strategies in humans. The aim of this paper was to further examine the consequences of repeated stress on behaviour and gene expression in later life compared to decidedly positive conditions in a mouse model. Several genes, which play a role in stress processing, were examined, the CRH system, the NPY system and the NPS receptor. We found several effects of repeated stress vs. decidedly positive conditions in early life on behaviour and gene expression in later life, which were unfortunately not consistent. Further studies should be undertaken to gain further insight into this matter. KW - Stress KW - Resilienz KW - Prävention KW - Stress KW - Resilienz KW - resilience KW - Prävention KW - Prevention Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-142955 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jannidis, Fotis A1 - Reger, Isabella A1 - Weimer, Lukas A1 - Krug, Markus A1 - Puppe, Frank T1 - Automatische Erkennung von Figuren in deutschsprachigen Romanen N2 - Eine wichtige Grundlage für die quantitative Analyse von Erzähltexten, etwa eine Netzwerkanalyse der Figurenkonstellation, ist die automatische Erkennung von Referenzen auf Figuren in Erzähltexten, ein Sonderfall des generischen NLP-Problems der Named Entity Recognition. Bestehende, auf Zeitungstexten trainierte Modelle sind für literarische Texte nur eingeschränkt brauchbar, da die Einbeziehung von Appellativen in die Named Entity-Definition und deren häufige Verwendung in Romantexten zu einem schlechten Ergebnis führt. Dieses Paper stellt eine anhand eines manuell annotierten Korpus auf deutschsprachige Romane des 19. Jahrhunderts angepasste NER-Komponente vor. KW - Digital Humanities KW - Figurenerkennung KW - Named-Entity-Recognition KW - Domänenadaption KW - Literatur Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143332 UR - https://dhd2015.uni-graz.at/ ER - TY - THES A1 - Sieker, Jakob Tobias T1 - Direkter adenoviraler Gentransfer von Bone morphogenetic protein-2 und Indian Hedgehog zur Knorpelregeneration im Kaninchenmodell T1 - Direct adenoviral bone morphogenetic protein 2 and Indian hedgehog gene transfer for articular cartilage repair in a rabbit model N2 - Einleitung Fokale Gelenkknorpeldefekte treten in der Deutschen Bevölkerung mit einer geschätzten Inzidenz von über 300 000 jährlichen Fällen auf. In der US-amerikanischen Bevölkerung wird jährlich von über 600 000 Fällen ausgegangen. Aufgrund der Insuffizienz körpereigener Heilungskapazitäten und verfügbarer Therapieverfahren, schreitet die Erkrankung regelhaft zur post-traumatischen Arthrose fort. Neben der individuellen Lebensqualitätseinschränkung besteht eine sozioökonomische Bedeutung mit geschätzten Krankheitskosten von jährlich über 10 Milliarden US Dollar in den Vereinigten Staaten. Das Versagen zellbasierter Therapieverfahren beruht unter anderem auf einer Insuffizienz der chondrogenen Differenzierung, sowie der hypertrophen Differenzierung der Chondrozyten mit nachfolgender Osteogenese analog den Vorgängen in der Wachstumsfuge. Für die Induktion der chondrogenen Differenzierung stehen insbesondere Mitglieder der TGF-β Superfamilie, wie BMP-2, zur Verfügung. Diese sind jedoch ebenso durch eine Induktion der hypertrophen Differenzierung gekennzeichnet. Zur Induktion der Chondrogenese unter Umgehung der TGF-β-Signalwege wurde IHH in-vitro als vielversprechend beschrieben. Bislang besteht jedoch kein Nachweis der in-vivo Effektivität von IHH zur Knorpelreparation. Die Schaffung eines Wachstumsfaktor-Milieus in der Gelenkknorpelläsion in-vivo stellt ebenso eine Herausforderung dar. Diesbezüglich wurde ein vereinfachtes Verfahren zum lokalisierten in-vivo Gentransfer mittels adenoviraler Vektoren und autologen Knochenmarkskoagulaten anhand von Markergenen beschrieben. Die Effektivität jenes Verfahrens zur in-vivo Knorpelreparation wurde noch nicht gezeigt. Zweck dieses kontrollierten in-vivo Experimentes ist es, mittels des oben genannten Gentransferverfahrens die Wirksamkeit von BMP-2 und IHH zur Reparation von osteochondralen Defekten in New Zealand White Rabbits nachzuweisen. Die zentrale Hypothese lautete, dass BMP2 beziehungsweise IHH Gentransfer in einer höheren langzeit-histologischen Qualität des Reparationsgewebes resultiert. Explorativ sollten dabei Unterschiede in den einzelnen Dimensionen der Gewebequalität anhand des ICRS-II Histology Scoring Systems, sowie der Grad der Typ I (als Faserknorpelmarker), Typ II (als Marker hyalinen Gelenkknorpels) und Typ X Kollagen Deposition (als Marker hypertropher Chondrozyten) beschrieben werden. Material und Methoden Als Tiermodel wurden bilaterale 3,2 mm durchmessende osteochondrale Bohrlochdefekte in der Trochlea von New Zealand White Rabbits verwendet (n=10 unabhängige Tiere, 20 Gelenke). Die Defekte wurden mit autologen Knochenmarkkoageln gefüllt, die nach vorheriger Beckenkammaspiration gewonnen wurden. In den experimentellen Gruppen wurden die Knochenmarkkoagel beladen mit jeweils 1 x 1011 infektiösen Partikeln adenoviraler Vektoren, die cDNA codierend für BMP2 (n=3 Tiere, entsprechend 6 Gelenken) oder IHH (n=4; 8) enthielten. In der Kontrollgruppe wurde das nicht-chondrogene Markergen GFP (n=3; 6) transferiert. Beide Gelenke eines Tieres wurden der gleichen Gruppe zugeordnet. Die histologische Gewebequalität wurde nach 13 Wochen anhand des ICRS-II Scoringsystems durch 3 unabhängige, verblindete Untersucher bewertet. Als primäre Outcomes wurden der ICRS-II Parameter „Generelles Assessment“, sowie die Typ II Kollagen positive Fläche designiert. Als explorative Outcomes wurden die verbleibenden ICRS-II Parameter, sowie die Typ I und Typ X Kollagen Deposition bewertet. Die Korrelation zwischen den Untersuchern wurde nach Pearson ermittelt. Zum Test auf Signifikanz der Gruppenunterschiede wurde ein lineares gemischtes Modell verwendet, welches einer mögliche Abhängigkeit beider Gelenke eines Tieres Rechnung trägt. Ergebnisse Qualitative Bewertung des Reparationsknorpels. Dreizehn Wochen nach der Intervention zeigten die meisten der BMP-2 behandelten Gelenke (4 von 6) und alle der IHH behandelten Gelenke (8 von 8) hyalin-artigen Reparationsknorpel, während alle GFP behandelten Kontrollgelenke (6 von 6) faserknorpel-artiges Reparationsgewebe zeigten. Zwei BMP-2 behandelten Gelenke zeigten eine ausgeprägte intraläsionale Knochenformation. Primäre Outcomes - ICRS-II „Generelles Assessment“ und Typ II Kollagen positive Fläche. IHH und BMP-2 behandelte Gelenke zeigten im Vergleich zu GFP höhere Punktzahlen in dem ICRS-II „Generelles Assessment“ Parameter: +33.0 (95% Konfidenzintervall: -0.4, +66.4) Punkte für IHH und +8.5 (-26.6, +43.7) Punkte für BMP-2. Beide Effekte erreichten nicht das Level statistischer Signifikanz (p=0.052 und 0.537). IHH erhöhte die Typ II Kollagen Deposition in der Defektregion, während BMP-2 Gelenke keinen Unterschied zu GFP Kontrollen zeigten: +18.7 (-4.5, +42.0) Punkte für IHH und +0.0 (-29.7, +29.8) Punkte für BMP-2. Die erhöhte Typ II Kollagendeposition erreichte nicht das konventionelle Level statistischer Signifikanz (p=0.093). Sekundäre Outcomes - ICRS-II Parameter. In dem Vergleich von BMP-2 mit GFP Kontrollen wurde in keinem der 12 untersuchten Parameter ein signifikanter Unterschied festgestellt. IHH Gentransfer resultierte hingegen in höheren Punktzahlen in allen untersuchten Parametern, wobei der Unterschied in 5 der 12 Parameter das Niveau statistischer Signifikanz erreichte. Ein um 21.5 Punkte (+3.6, +39.4) erhöhter Score wurde für den Parameter „Gewebemorphologie“ beobachtet, sowie +21.0 (+6.4, +35.7) für „Chondrozytäres Clustering“, +31.2 (+0.8, +61.5) für „Formation der Tidemark“, +17.3 (+0.2, +34.5) für „Abnorme Kalzifikation/Ossifikation“ und +35.0 (+4.6, +65.2) für das „Assessment der mittleren und tiefen Zone“. Sekundäre Outcomes - Marker chondrozytärer Hypertrophie. Eine perizelluläre Deposition von Typ X Kollagen wurde in allen Gruppen beobachtet. Eine deutlich gesteigerte Deposition wurde nur in den Gelenken beobachtet, die nach BMP2 Gentransfer eine ausgeprägte intraläsionale Knochenformation zeigten. Diskussion Das hier beschriebene Experiment stellt die erste Veröffentlichung der Wirksamkeit von IHH zur Verbesserung der histologischen Knorpelqualität von in-vivo therapierten Gelenkknorpeldefekten dar [175]. Die Hypothese, dass IHH zu einer verbesserten histologischen Knorpelqualität führt wurde bestätigt, während die Hypothese zu den positiven Effekten von BMP-2 wiederlegt wurde. IHH führte zu besseren Ergebnissen in allen Untersuchten Parametern, das Niveau statistischer Signifikanz wurde dabei in den Parametern „Gewebemorphologie“, „Chondrozytäres Clustering“, „Formation der Tidemark“, „Abnorme Kalzifikation/Ossifikation“ und „Assessment der mittleren und tiefen Zone“ erreicht. Das primäre Ziel dieses Experimentes war es, den „Proof of concept“ zu liefern, dass IHH auch in-vivo ein attraktiver Faktor für die Induktion der Chondrogenese darstellt. Das langfristige Ziel ist die Induktion der Chondrogenese unter Umgehung des TGF-β Signalweges zu erzielen, um eine folgende hypertrophe Differenzierung der Chondrozyten und die folgende Ossifikation des reparierten Defektes zu verhindern. Die Limitationen der Studie umfassen die ausschließlich histologische und immunhistochemische durchgeführte Bewertung der Knorpelqualität und eine eingeschränkte statistische Power. Ob IHH es vermag die hypertrophe Differenzierung zu umgehen und somit eine langfristige hyaline Knorpelreparation zu ermöglichen, ist in weiteren präklinischen Studien mit biochemischer und molekulargenetischer Analyse der Hypertrophie-Marker zu untersuchen. In Bezug auf den klinischen Einsatz zur Knorpelreparation erscheint der Einsatz der Wachstumsfaktoren als Protein auf funktionalisierten Matrices vielversprechend. BMP-2 wird aufgrund der hier beobachteten intraläsionalen Knochenformation nach BMP2 Gentransfer als nicht geeignet zur Unterstützung der Knorpelreparation in-vivo bewertet. N2 - Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2, encoded by BMP2) and Indian hedgehog protein (IHH, encoded by IHH) are well known regulators of chondrogenesis and chondrogenic hypertrophy. Despite being a potent chondrogenic factor BMP-2 was observed to induce chondrocyte hypertrophy in osteoarthritis (OA), growth plate cartilage and adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). IHH might induce chondrogenic differentiation through different intracellular signalling pathways without inducing subsequent chondrocyte hypertrophy. The primary objective of this study is to test the efficacy of direct BMP2 and IHH gene delivery via bone marrow coagulates to influence histological repair cartilage quality in vivo. Vector-laden autologous bone marrow coagulates with 10^11 adenoviral vector particles encoding BMP2, IHH or the Green fluorescent protein (GFP) were delivered to 3.2 mm osteochondral defects in the trochlea of rabbit knees. After 13 weeks the histological repair cartilage quality was assessed using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II scoring system and the type II collagen positive area. IHH treatment resulted in superior histological repair cartilage quality than GFP controls in all of the assessed parameters (with P < 0.05 in five of 14 assessed parameters). Results of BMP2 treatment varied substantially, including severe intralesional bone formation in two of six joints after 13 weeks. In conclusion, IHH gene transfer is effective to improve repair cartilage quality in vivo, whereas BMP2 treatment, carried the risk intralesional bone formation. Therefore IHH protein can be considered as an attractive alternative candidate growth factor for further preclinical research and development towards improved treatments for articular cartilage defects. KW - Bone morphogenetic protein-2 KW - Indian Hedgehog KW - Gelenkknorpel KW - Gentherapie Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-142622 ER - TY - THES A1 - Brill [geb. Schubert], Sabine T1 - Blutzuckerverlauf, hormonelle Gegenregulation und kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit unter definierter körperlicher Belastung bei Patienten mit Morbus Addison und Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 CANDI – Studie: Counterregulatory Hormone Production in Adrenal Insufficiency and Diabetes Type I T1 - Bloodglucose,counterregulatory hormone production and cognition under defined exercise in patients with Diabetes mellitus type 1 and adrenal insufficiciency : CANDI-Study Counterregulatory Hormone Production in Adrenal Insufficiency and Diabetes Type I N2 - Spiroergometrische Dauerbelastung von Probanden mit Morbus Addison, Diabetes mellitus Typ 1, Polyglandulärem Autoimmunsyndrom Typ 2 (erkrankt sowohl an Mb. Addison als auch an Diabetes mellitus Typ1) und gesunden Kontrollen. Blutzuckerverlauf, hormonelle Gegenregulation und kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit vor und nach Belastung wurden gemessen. Während einer spiroergometrischen Dauerbelastung von 23 Minuten zeigte sich bei keinem der 10 Probanden mit ausschließlich Morbus Addison eine Neigung zur Hypoglykämie trotz fehlender Einnahme der mittäglichen Glukokortikoiddosis. Die Blutzucker blieben bei sämtlichen Probanden stabil und es zeigte sich sogar ein leichter Anstieg in der der Ergometrie anschließenden Nachbeobachtungsphase, eventuell als Hinweis auf eine mögliche Entwicklung einer Inulin-Resistenz. Auf die erwartungsgemäße Mindersekretion von Adrenalin zeigte sich eine ame ehesten kompensatorisch leicht höhere Sekretion von Noradrenalin als bei den nebennierengesunden Gruppen. Die übrige Sekretion gegenregulatorischer Hormone entsprach den Vergleichsgruppen. Die geleistete Arbeit am Fahrradergometer war bei den Probandengruppen mit Morbus Addison und APS 2 nahezu identisch, die Morbus Addison – Probanden traten sogar minimal weniger Ergometerwiderstand über die 15 Minuten Dauerbelastung. Dennoch zeigten die Probanden mit ausschließlich M. Addison einen adäquaten Anstieg der gegenregulatorischen Hormone ohne starke Schwankungen der Plasmaglukose, wohingegen es bei den Probanden mit APS 2, zu einem deutlichen Abfall der Plasmaglukose kam trotz deutlich niedrigerer Insulinkonzentrationen im Vergleich zur Probandengruppe mit ausschließlich Diabetes mellitus Typ 1. Die unzureichende Sekretion von Adrenalin, sowie der geringste Konzentrationsanstieg von Noradrenalin und dieser Untersuchung auch Wachstumshormon aller Probandengruppen verhinderte einen adäquaten Wiederanstieg des Blutzuckers. Die Probanden mit Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz verzeichneten teils signifikant schlechtere Ergebnisse bei einem Konzentrations- und einem Kurzzeitgedächtnistest im direkten Anschluss an die Ergometrie im Vergleich mit den anderen Probandengruppen. Es gab keine relevanten Unterschiede der Testergebnisse in Ruhe. Die nebenniereninsuffizienten Probanden verbesserten sich jedoch signifikant weniger nach der Ergometrie bzw. zeigten nach dem Dauertest teils sogar schlechtere Leistungen. Die Probandengruppen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 und die Kontrollgruppe zeigten eine erwartungsgemäße Verbesserung ihrer Leistung als Reaktion auf die vorherige körperliche Aktivität. Die Unterschiede in der kognitiven Performance sind am ehesten mit der unzureichenden Adrenalinsekretion und einem fehlenden akuten Cortisolanstieg der nebenniereninsuffizienten Probanden zu erklären. Die Probanden mit Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz wurden mit signifikant niedrigeren Widerständen am Fahrradergometer belastet als die nebennierengesunden Probanden. Ein möglicher Erklärungsansatz hierfür könnte eine gewisse cortisonbedingte Myopathie sein. Dies verdeutlicht nochmals die Notwendigkeit der Optimierung der Glukokortikoidsubstitutionstherapie. Neue Substitutionsregime sollten möglichst die physiologische circadiane Sekretionsrhythmik besser imitieren und im Optimalfall die Tagesdosis an Hydrocortison reduzieren, um glukokortikoidbedingte Nebenwirkungen wie Myopathie und Insulin-Resistenz zu reduzieren. Die Probanden mit polyglandulärem Autoimmunsyndrom Typ 2, welche sowohl an Morbus Addison als auch an Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 leiden, müssen im Rahmen von Patientenschulungen besonders auf das Risiko von Hypoglykämien bei vermehrter körperlicher Aktivität hingewiesen werden. Patienten mit Insulinpumpe sollten das Ausschalten währenddessen erwägen und darüber hinaus besondere Aufmerksamkeit auf die Einnahme einer zusätzlichen Kohlenhydrateinheit für den Sport walten lassen. Eine zusätzliche Einnahme des Glukokortikoids ist in diesem Zusammenhang nicht sinnvoll. [31] Ein vor dem Sport beispielsweise inhalativ appliziertes Epinephrinpräparat wäre eine mögliche Strategie zur Verbesserung des Plasmaglukose-Outcomes nach sportlicher Betätigung auf moderatem bzw. hohem Anstrengungslevel bei Patienten mit Morbus Addison und Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 und sollte Gegenstand weiterführender Studien sein. N2 - Bloodglucose,counterregulatory hormone production and cognition under defined exercise in patients with Diabetes mellitus type 1 and adrenal insufficiciency : CANDI-Study Counterregulatory Hormone Production in Adrenal Insufficiency and Diabetes Type I KW - Nebenniereninsuffizienz KW - Diabetes mellitusTyp 1 KW - Spiroergometrie KW - Blutzuckerverlauf KW - Kognition KW - adrenal KW - diabetes typ 1 KW - cognition Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-142646 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burgsdorf, Ilia A1 - Slaby, Beate M. A1 - Handley, Kim M. A1 - Haber, Markus A1 - Blom, Jochen A1 - Marshall, Christopher W. A1 - Gilbert, Jack A. A1 - Hentschel, Ute A1 - Steindler, Laura T1 - Lifestyle Evolution in Cyanobacterial Symbionts of Sponges JF - mBio N2 - The "Candidatus Synechococcus spongiarum" group includes different clades of cyanobacteria with high 16S rRNA sequence identity (~99%) and is the most abundant and widespread cyanobacterial symbiont of marine sponges. The first draft genome of a "Ca. Synechococcus spongiarum" group member was recently published, providing evidence of genome reduction by loss of genes involved in several nonessential functions. However, "Ca. Synechococcus spongiarum" includes a variety of clades that may differ widely in genomic repertoire and consequently in physiology and symbiotic function. Here, we present three additional draft genomes of "Ca. Synechococcus spongiarum," each from a different clade. By comparing all four symbiont genomes to those of free-living cyanobacteria, we revealed general adaptations to life inside sponges and specific adaptations of each phylotype. Symbiont genomes shared about half of their total number of coding genes. Common traits of "Ca. Synechococcus spongiarum" members were a high abundance of DNA modification and recombination genes and a reduction in genes involved in inorganic ion transport and metabolism, cell wall biogenesis, and signal transduction mechanisms. Moreover, these symbionts were characterized by a reduced number of antioxidant enzymes and low-weight peptides of photosystem II compared to their free-living relatives. Variability within the "Ca. Synechococcus spongiarum" group was mostly related to immune system features, potential for siderophore-mediated iron transport, and dependency on methionine from external sources. The common absence of genes involved in synthesis of residues, typical of the O antigen of free-living Synechococcus species, suggests a novel mechanism utilized by these symbionts to avoid sponge predation and phage attack. IMPORTANCE While the Synechococcus/Prochlorococcus-type cyanobacteria are widely distributed in the world's oceans, a subgroup has established its niche within marine sponge tissues. Recently, the first genome of sponge-associated cyanobacteria, " Candidatus Synechococcus spongiarum," was described. The sequencing of three representatives of different clades within this cyanobacterial group has enabled us to investigate intraspecies diversity, as well as to give a more comprehensive understanding of the common symbiotic features that adapt "Ca. Synechococcus spongiarum" to its life within the sponge host. KW - marine Synechococcus strains KW - ribosomal RNA genes KW - single cell KW - vertical transmission KW - microbial communities KW - sequence analysis KW - spacer sequences KW - genomic analysis KW - web server KW - reveals Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143117 VL - 6 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wallace, Helen Margaret A1 - Leonhardt, Sara Diana T1 - Do Hybrid Trees Inherit Invasive Characteristics? Fruits of Corymbia torelliana X C. citriodora Hybrids and Potential for Seed Dispersal by Bees JF - PLoS One N2 - Tree invasions have substantial impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and trees that are dispersed by animals are more likely to become invasive. In addition, hybridisation between plants is well documented as a source of new weeds, as hybrids gain new characteristics that allow them to become invasive. Corymbia torelliana is an invasive tree with an unusual animal dispersal mechanism: seed dispersal by stingless bees, that hybridizes readily with other species. We examined hybrids between C. torelliana and C. citriodora subsp. citriodora to determine whether hybrids have inherited the seed dispersal characteristics of C. torelliana that allow bee dispersal. Some hybrid fruits displayed the characteristic hollowness, resin production and resin chemistry associated with seed dispersal by bees. However, we did not observe bees foraging on any hybrid fruits until they had been damaged. We conclude that C. torelliana and C. citriodora subsp. citriodora hybrids can inherit some fruit characters that are associated with dispersal by bees, but we did not find a hybrid with the complete set of characters that would enable bee dispersal. However, around 20,000 hybrids have been planted in Australia, and ongoing monitoring is necessary to identify any hybrids that may become invasive. KW - resin KW - long-distance dispersal KW - Australian stingless bees KW - plantations KW - hymenoptera KW - populations KW - carbonaria KW - eucalyptus KW - cuticular profiles KW - hybridization Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141777 VL - 10 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mueller, A. A1 - Stoetter, L. A1 - Kalluvya, S. A1 - Stich, A. A1 - Majinge, C. A1 - Weissbrich, B. A1 - Kasang, C. T1 - Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania JF - BMC Infectious Diseases N2 - Background: Sub-Saharan Africa has a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting HBV infection through their occupation. Vaccination of HCWs against HBV is standard practice in many countries, but is often not implemented in resource-poor settings. We aimed with this cross-sectional study to determine HBV prevalence, HCW vaccination status, and the risk factors for HCWs contracting HBV infection in Tanzania. Methods: We enrolled 600 HCWs from a tertiary Tanzanian hospital. Their demographics, medical histories, HBV vaccination details and risk factors for contracting blood-borne infections were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers by ELISA techniques, PCR and an anti-HBs rapid test. HCWs were divided in two subgroups: those at risk of contracting HBV (rHCW 79.2 %) via exposure to potentially infectious materials, and those considered not at risk of contracting HBV (nrHCW, 20.8 %). Results: The overall prevalence of chronic HBV infection (HBsAg+, anti-HBc+, anti-HBs-) was 7.0 % (42/598). Chronic HBV infection was found in 7.4 % of rHCW versus 5.6 % of nrHCW(p-value = 0.484). HCWs susceptible to HBV (HBsAg-, anti-HBc-, anti-HBs-) comprised 31.3 %. HBV immunity achieved either by healed HBV infection (HBsAg-, anti-HBc+, anti-HBs+) or by vaccination (HBsAg-, anti-HBc-, anti-HBs+) comprised 36.5 % and 20.2 %, respectively. 4.8 % of participants had indeterminate results (HBsAg-, anti-HBc+, anti-HBc-IgM-, anti-HBs-). Only 77.1 % of HCWs who received a full vaccination course had an anti-HBs titer > 10 ml/U. An anti-HBs point-of-care test was 80.7 % sensitive and 96.9 % specific. There was a significantly higher risk for contracting HBV (anti-HBc+) among those HCW at occupational risk (rHCW) of older age (odds ratios (OR) in rHCW 3.297, p < 0.0001 vs. nrHCW 1.385, p = 0.606) and among those HCW being employed more than 11 years (OR 2.51, p < 0.0001***). HCV prevalence was low (HCV antibodies 1.2 % and HCV-RNA 0.3 %). Conclusions: Chronic HBV infection is common among Tanzanian HCWs. One third of HCWs were susceptible to HBV infection, highlighting the need for vaccination. Due to high prevalence of naturally acquired immunity against HBV pre-testing might be a useful tool to identify susceptible individuals. KW - hepatitis C virus KW - point-of-care test KW - human-immunodeficiency-virus KW - C virus KW - seroprevalence KW - syphilis KW - vaccine KW - Uganda KW - blood KW - hepatitis B virus KW - health care workers KW - Tanzania Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141786 VL - 15 IS - 386 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mostovaya, Ira M. A1 - Grooteman, Muriel P.C. A1 - Basile, Carlo A1 - Davenport, Andrew A1 - de Roij van Zuijdewijn, Camiel L.M. A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Nubé, Menso J. A1 - Blankestijn, Peter J. T1 - High convection volume in online post-dilution haemodiafiltration: relevance, safety and costs JF - Clinical Kidney Journal N2 - Increasing evidence suggests that treatment with online post-dilution haemodiafiltration (HDF) improves clinical outcome in patients with end-stage kidney disease, if compared with haemodialysis (HD). Although the primary analyses of three large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed inconclusive results, post hoc analyses of these and previous observational studies comparing online post-dilution HDF with HD showed that the risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality is lowest in patients who are treated with high-volume HDF. As such, the magnitude of the convection volume seems crucial and can be considered as the ‘dose’ of HDF. In this narrative review, the relevance of high convection volume in online post-dilution HDF is discussed. In addition, we briefly touch upon some safety and cost issues. KW - convection volume KW - costs KW - hemodiafiltration KW - mortality KW - safety Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149814 VL - 8 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleinschnitz, Christoph A1 - Niemczyk, Gabriele A1 - Rehberg-Weber, Karin A1 - Wernsdörfer, Colin T1 - Interferon Beta-1a (AVONEX®) as a treatment option for untreated patients with multiple sclerosis (AXIOM): a prospective, observational study JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - The efficacy and safety of first-line disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) has been demonstrated in pivotal, randomized trials, but these studies do not reflect the routine care setting where treatment gaps or switches are common. The Avonex as Treatment Option for Untreated MS Patients (AXIOM) trial assessed the efficacy of newly-initiated intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IM IFNb-1a) after a treatment-free interval, with particular consideration of the previous course of disease and therapy. The AXIOM trial was an open, 12-month, observational, non-interventional study with a retrospective and a prospective part conducted in Germany. RRMS patients with a treatment-free interval of at least three months were included and treated with IFNb-1a for up to 12 months. Relapse rate, disability progression, injection-related parameters and quality of life observed during the prospective part were compared with retrospectively-collected data. Two hundred and thirty five RRMS patients participated in AXIOM. The mean relapse rate decreased from 1.1 in the three months before baseline to 0.2 per quarter during the twelve-month observational period; the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite score improved during twelve months of IM IFNb-1a treatment, while the Expanded Disability Status Scale score did not change over the course of this study. Compared to previous DMTs (IM IFNb-1a, subcutaneous IFNb-1a (SC IFNb-1a), SC IFNb-1b, glatiramer acetate), the patients experienced less injection site reactions and flu-like symptoms, with a stated improved quality of life. IM IFNb-1a was effective and well accepted in RRMS patients with no or discontinued previous therapy. These results from the routine care setting may inform optimization of DMT treatment in RRMS, but need confirmation in further studies. KW - subcutaneous injection KW - therapy KW - trial KW - relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis KW - injection site reactions; KW - efficacy KW - quality of life KW - disease-modifying therapy Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148487 VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elkon, Ran A1 - Loayza-Puch, Fabricio A1 - Korkmaz, Gozde A1 - Lopes, Rui A1 - van Breugel, Pieter C A1 - Bleijerveld, Onno B A1 - Altelaar, AF Maarten A1 - Wolf, Elmar A1 - Lorenzin, Francesca A1 - Eilers, Martin A1 - Agami, Reuven T1 - Myc coordinates transcription and translation to enhance transformation and suppress invasiveness JF - EMBO reports N2 - c‐Myc is one of the major human proto‐oncogenes and is often associated with tumor aggression and poor clinical outcome. Paradoxically, Myc was also reported as a suppressor of cell motility, invasiveness, and metastasis. Among the direct targets of Myc are many components of the protein synthesis machinery whose induction results in an overall increase in protein synthesis that empowers tumor cell growth. At present, it is largely unknown whether beyond the global enhancement of protein synthesis, Myc activation results in translation modulation of specific genes. Here, we measured Myc‐induced global changes in gene expression at the transcription, translation, and protein levels and uncovered extensive transcript‐specific regulation of protein translation. Particularly, we detected a broad coordination between regulation of transcription and translation upon modulation of Myc activity and showed the connection of these responses to mTOR signaling to enhance oncogenic transformation and to the TGFβ pathway to modulate cell migration and invasiveness. Our results elucidate novel facets of Myc‐induced cellular responses and provide a more comprehensive view of the consequences of its activation in cancer cells. KW - c‐Myc KW - transcriptional responses KW - translational regulation KW - transcription KW - transformation KW - metastasis KW - cancer KW - protein biosynthesis & quality control Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150373 VL - 16 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for dark matter in events with heavy quarks and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - This article reports on a search for dark matter pair production in association with bottom or top quarks in 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) of pp collisions collected at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events with large missing transverse momentum are selected when produced in association with high-momentum jets of which one or more are identified as jets containing b-quarks. Final states with top quarks are selected by requiring a high jet multiplicity and in some cases a single lepton. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectations and limits are set on the mass scale of effective field theories that describe scalar and tensor interactions between dark matter and Standard Model particles. Limits on the dark-matter–nucleon cross-section for spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions are also provided. These limits are particularly strong for low-mass dark matter. Using a simplified model, constraints are set on the mass of dark matter and of a coloured mediator suitable to explain a possible signal of annihilating dark matter. KW - dark matter KW - proton-proton collision KW - ATLAS detector Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150089 VL - 75 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for Higgs boson pair production in the b\(\overline{b}\)b\(\overline{b}\) final state from pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - A search for Higgs boson pair production pp → hh is performed with 19.5 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton–proton collision data at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV, which were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. The decay products of each Higgs boson are reconstructed as a high-momentum b\(\overline{b}\) system with either a pair of small-radius jets or a single large-radius jet, the latter exploiting jet substructure techniques and associated b-tagged track-jets. No evidence for resonant or non-resonant Higgs boson pair production is observed. The data are interpreted in the context of the Randall–Sundrum model with a warped extra dimension as well as the two-Higgs-doublet model. An upper limit on the cross-section for pp → G\(^{*}_{KK}\) → hh → b\(\overline{b}\)b\(\overline{b}\) of 3.2(2.3) fb is set for a Kaluza–Klein graviton G\(^{*}_{KK}\) mass of 1.0(1.5) TeV, at the 95 % confidence level. The search for non-resonant Standard Model hh production sets an observed 95 % confidence level upper limit on the production cross-section σ(pp → hh → b\(\overline{b}\)b\(\overline{b}\)) of 202 fb, compared to a Standard Model prediction of σ(pp → hh → b\(\overline{b}\)b\(\overline{b}\)) = 3.6±0.5 fb. KW - Higgs boson KW - proton-proton collision KW - ATLAS detector KW - pair production Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150119 VL - 75 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for invisible decays of the Higgs boson produced in association with a hadronically decaying vector boson in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - A search for Higgs boson decays to invisible particles is performed using 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) of pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The process considered is Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson (V = W or Z) that decays hadronically, resulting in events with two or more jets and large missing transverse momentum. No excess of candidates is observed in the data over the background expectation. The results are used to constrain VH production followed by H decaying to invisible particles for the Higgs boson mass range 115 < m\(_{H}\) < 300 GeV. The 95 % confidence-level observed upper limit on σ\(_{VH}\) × BR(H → inv.) varies from 1.6 pb at 115 GeV to 0.13 pb at 300 GeV. Assuming Standard Model production and including the gg → H contribution as signal, the results also lead to an observed upper limit of 78 % at 95 % confidence level on the branching ratio of Higgs bosons decays to invisible particles at a mass of 125 GeV. KW - Higgs boson KW - ATLAS detector KW - decays Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150126 VL - 75 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for invisible particles produced in association with single-top-quarks in proton-proton collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - A search for the production of single-top-quarks in association with missing energy is performed in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt {s}\) =8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the large hadron collider using data collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\). In this search, the W boson from the top quark is required to decay into an electron or a muon and a neutrino. No deviation from the standard model prediction is observed, and upper limits are set on the production cross-section for resonant and non-resonant production of an invisible exotic state in association with a right-handed top quark. In the case of resonant production, for a spin-0 resonance with a mass of 500 GeV, an effective coupling strength above 0.15 is excluded at 95 % confidence level for the top quark and an invisible spin-1/2 state with mass between 0 and 100 GeV. In the case of non-resonant production, an effective coupling strength above 0.2 is excluded at 95 % confidence level for the top quark and an invisible spin-1 state with mass between 0 and 657 GeV. KW - single-top-quarks KW - proton-proton collision KW - ATLAS detector Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150134 VL - 75 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for metastable heavy charged particles with large ionisation energy loss in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV using the ATLAS experiment JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - Many extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of charged heavy long-lived particles, such as R-hadrons or charginos. These particles, if produced at the Large Hadron Collider, should be moving non-relativistically and are therefore identifiable through the measurement of an anomalously large specific energy loss in the ATLAS pixel detector. Measuring heavy long-lived particles through their track parameters in the vicinity of the interaction vertex provides sensitivity to metastable particles with lifetimes from 0.6 ns to 30 ns. A search for such particles with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is presented, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 18.4 fb\(^{−1}\) of pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV. No significant deviation from the Standard Model background expectation is observed, and lifetime-dependent upper limits on R-hadrons and chargino production are set. Gluino R-hadrons with 10 ns lifetime and masses up to 1185 GeV are excluded at 95 % confidence level, and so are charginos with 15 ns lifetime and masses up to 482 GeV. KW - ATLAS detector KW - charged heavy long-lived particles KW - proton-proton collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150149 VL - 75 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) of \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between E\(^{miss}_{T}\) > 150 GeV and E\(^{miss}_{T}\) > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presented. KW - ATLAS detector KW - energetic jet KW - proton-proton collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150152 VL - 75 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the production and lepton charge asymmetry of bosons in Pb+Pb collisions at \(\sqrt {^{S}NN}\) with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - A measurement of W boson production in lead-lead collisions at \(\sqrt {^{S}NN}\)=2.76 TeV is presented. It is based on the analysis of data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2011 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.14 nb\(^{-1}\) and 0.15 nb\(^{-1}\) in the muon and electron decay channels, respectively. The differential production yields and lepton charge asymmetry are each measured as a function of the average number of participating nucleons ⟨N\(_{part}\)⟩ and absolute pseudorapidity of the charged lepton. The results are compared to predictions based on next-to-leading-order QCD calculations. These measurements are, in principle, sensitive to possible nuclear modifications to the parton distribution functions and also provide information on scaling of W boson production in multi-nucleon systems. KW - Higgs boson KW - lead-lead collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149889 VL - 75 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Karulin, Alexey Y. A1 - Caspell, Richard A1 - Dittrich, Marcus A1 - Lehmann, Paul V. T1 - Normal distribution of CD8+ T-cell-derived ELISPOT counts within replicates justifies the reliance on parametric statistics for identifying positive responses JF - Cells N2 - Accurate assessment of positive ELISPOT responses for low frequencies of antigen-specific T-cells is controversial. In particular, it is still unknown whether ELISPOT counts within replicate wells follow a theoretical distribution function, and thus whether high power parametric statistics can be used to discriminate between positive and negative wells. We studied experimental distributions of spot counts for up to 120 replicate wells of IFN-γ production by CD8+ T-cell responding to EBV LMP2A (426 – 434) peptide in human PBMC. The cells were tested in serial dilutions covering a wide range of average spot counts per condition, from just a few to hundreds of spots per well. Statistical analysis of the data using diagnostic Q-Q plots and the Shapiro-Wilk normality test showed that in the entire dynamic range of ELISPOT spot counts within replicate wells followed a normal distribution. This result implies that the Student t-Test and ANOVA are suited to identify positive responses. We also show experimentally that borderline responses can be reliably detected by involving more replicate wells, plating higher numbers of PBMC, addition of IL-7, or a combination of these. Furthermore, we have experimentally verified that the number of replicates needed for detection of weak responses can be calculated using parametric statistics. KW - ELISPOT KW - statistics KW - t-Test KW - ANOVA KW - T-cells KW - normal distribution Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149968 VL - 4 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for resonant diboson production in the ℓℓq\(\overline{q}\) final state in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - This paper reports on a search for narrow resonances in diboson production in the ℓℓq\(\overline{q}\) final state using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb\(^{−1}\) collected at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess of data events over the Standard Model expectation is observed. Upper limits at the 95 % confidence level are set on the production cross section times branching ratio for Kaluza–Klein gravitons predicted by the Randall–Sundrum model and for Extended Gauge Model W′ bosons. These results lead to the exclusion of mass values below 740 and 1590 GeV for the graviton and W′ boson respectively. KW - ATLAS detector KW - proton-proton collision KW - diboson production KW - resonances Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150171 VL - 75 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observation and measurements of the production of prompt and non-prompt J/ψ mesons in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\)=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - The production of a Z boson in association with a J/ψ meson in proton–proton collisions probes the production mechanisms of quarkonium and heavy flavour in association with vector bosons, and allows studies of multiple parton scattering. Using 20.3fb\(^{−1}\) of data collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV, the first measurement of associated Z+J/ψ production is presented for both prompt and non-prompt J/ψ production, with both signatures having a significance in excess of 5σ. The inclusive production cross-sections for Z boson production (analysed in μ\(^{+}\)μ\(^{−}\) or e\(^{+}\)e\(^{−}\) decay modes) in association with prompt and non-prompt J/ψ(→μ\(^{+}\)μ\(^{−}\)) are measured relative to the inclusive production rate of Z bosons in the same fiducial volume to be (36.8±6.7±2.5)×10\(^{−7}\) and (65.8±9.2±4.2)×10\(^{−7}\) respectively. Normalised differential production cross-section ratios are also determined as a function of the J/ψ transverse momentum. The fraction of signal events arising from single and double parton scattering is estimated, and a lower limit of 5.3 (3.7)mb at 68 (95)% confidence level is placed on the effective cross-section regulating double parton interactions. KW - ATLAS detector KW - Z boson KW - proton-proton-collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149970 VL - 75 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Worku, Netsanet A1 - Stich, August A1 - Daugschies, Arwid A1 - Wenzel, Iris A1 - Kurz, Randy A1 - Thieme, Rene A1 - Kurz, Susanne A1 - Birkenmeier, Gerd T1 - Ethyl Pyruvate Emerges as a Safe and Fast Acting Agent against Trypanosoma brucei by Targeting Pyruvate Kinase Activity JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) also called sleeping sickness is an infectious disease in humans caused by an extracellular protozoan parasite. The disease, if left untreated, results in 100% mortality. Currently available drugs are full of severe drawbacks and fail to escape the fast development of trypanosoma resistance. Due to similarities in cell metabolism between cancerous tumors and trypanosoma cells, some of the current registered drugs against HAT have also been tested in cancer chemotherapy. Here we demonstrate for the first time that the simple ester, ethyl pyruvate, comprises such properties. Results The current study covers the efficacy and corresponding target evaluation of ethyl pyruvate on T. brucei cell lines using a combination of biochemical techniques including cell proliferation assays, enzyme kinetics, phasecontrast microscopic video imaging and ex vivo toxicity tests. We have shown that ethyl pyruvate effectively kills trypanosomes most probably by net ATP depletion through inhibition of pyruvate kinase (Ki = 3.0\(\pm\)0.29 mM). The potential of ethyl pyruvate as a trypanocidal compound is also strengthened by its fast acting property, killing cells within three hours post exposure. This has been demonstrated using video imaging of live cells as well as concentration and time dependency experiments. Most importantly, ethyl pyruvate produces minimal side effects in human red cells and is known to easily cross the blood-brain-barrier. This makes it a promising candidate for effective treatment of the two clinical stages of sleeping sickness. Trypanosome drug-resistance tests indicate irreversible cell death and a low incidence of resistance development under experimental conditions. Conclusion Our results present ethyl pyruvate as a safe and fast acting trypanocidal compound and show that it inhibits the enzyme pyruvate kinase. Competitive inhibition of this enzyme was found to cause ATP depletion and cell death. Due to its ability to easily cross the blood-brain-barrier, ethyl pyruvate could be considered as new candidate agent to treat the hemo-lymphatic as well as neurological stages of sleeping sickness. KW - human african trypanosomiasis KW - glycolysis KW - transport KW - protein KW - cruzi KW - chemotherapy KW - metabolism KW - in vitro KW - drugs KW - sleeping sickness Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150002 VL - 10 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of the ATLAS muon trigger in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\)= 8 TeV JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - The performance of the ATLAS muon trigger system is evaluated with proton–proton collision data collected in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. It is primarily evaluated using events containing a pair of muons from the decay of Z bosons. The efficiency of the single-muon trigger is measured for muons with transverse momentum 25 < p\(_{T}\) < 100GeV, with a statistical uncertainty of less than 0.01 % and a systematic uncertainty of 0.6 %. The pT range for efficiency determination is extended by using muons from decays of J/ψ mesons, W bosons, and top quarks. The muon trigger shows highly uniform and stable performance. The performance is compared to the prediction of a detailed simulation. KW - LHC KW - proton-proton-collistion Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150032 VL - 75 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gulberti, A. A1 - Moll, C.K.E. A1 - Hamel, W. A1 - Buhmann, C. A1 - Koeppen, J.A. A1 - Boelmans, K. A1 - Zittel, S. A1 - Gerloff, C. A1 - Westphal, M. A1 - Schneider, T.R. A1 - Engel, A.K. T1 - Predictive timing functions of cortical beta oscillations are impaired in Parkinson's disease and influenced by L-DOPA and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus Impaired beta-band timing functions in PD JF - NeuroImage: Clinical N2 - Cortex-basal ganglia circuits participate in motor timing and temporal perception, and are important for the dynamic configuration of sensorimotor networks in response to exogenous demands. In Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) induces motor performance benefits. Hitherto, little is known concerning contributions of the basal ganglia to sensory facilitation and cortical responses to RAS in PD. Therefore, we conducted an EEG study in 12 PD patients before and after surgery for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) and in 12 age-matched controls. Here we investigated the effects of levodopa and STN-DBS on resting-state EEG and on the cortical-response profile to slow and fast RAS in a passive-listening paradigm focusing on beta-band oscillations, which are important for auditory–motor coupling. The beta-modulation profile to RAS in healthy participants was characterized by local peaks preceding and following auditory stimuli. In PD patients RAS failed to induce pre-stimulus beta increases. The absence of pre-stimulus beta-band modulation may contribute to impaired rhythm perception in PD. Moreover, post-stimulus beta-band responses were highly abnormal during fast RAS in PD patients. Treatment with levodopa and STN-DBS reinstated a post-stimulus beta-modulation profile similar to controls, while STN-DBS reduced beta-band power in the resting-state. The treatment-sensitivity of beta oscillations suggests that STN-DBS may specifically improve timekeeping functions of cortical beta oscillations during fast auditory pacing. KW - Parkinson's disease KW - interval timing KW - beta oscillations KW - subthalamic nucleus KW - deep brain stimulation Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150049 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for W' → tb → qqbb decays in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - A search for a massive W′ gauge boson decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark is performed with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at the LHC. The dataset was taken at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV and corresponds to 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) of integrated luminosity. This analysis is done in the hadronic decay mode of the top quark, where novel jet substructure techniques are used to identify jets from high-momentum top quarks. This allows for a search for high-mass W′ bosons in the range 1.5–3.0  TeV. b-tagging is used to identify jets originating from b-quarks. The data are consistent with Standard Model background-only expectations, and upper limits at 95 % confidence level are set on the W′ → tb cross section times branching ratio ranging from 0.16 pb to 0.33 pb for left-handed W′ bosons, and ranging from 0.10 pb to 0.21 pb for W′ bosons with purely right-handed couplings. Upper limits at 95 % confidence level are set on the W′-boson coupling to tb as a function of the W′ mass using an effective field theory approach, which is independent of details of particular models predicting a W′ boson. KW - ATLAS detector KW - proton-proton collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150068 VL - 75 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kuck, Laura Katharina T1 - Nabelhernien im Kindesalter - eine retrospektive Analyse T1 - Umbilical hernia in children - a retrospective analysis N2 - Eine Nabelhernie stellt im Kindesalter eine angeborene Faszienlücke im Bereich der ventralen Bauchwand dar. Material und Methoden: Über einen Zeitraum von über zehn Jahren wurden in der kinderchirurgischen Abteilung der Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie der Universität Würzburg 518 Patienten mit Nabelhernien operiert, wobei 499 Patienten nach Ausschlusskriterien in der Studie evaluiert wurden. Ergebnisse: Durch die Direktnaht und Sicherung mittels einer zweiten Fasziennaht nach semizirkulärer, subumbilicaler Inzision nach Spitzy konnte eine niedrige Rezidivquote von 1% (n=5 von n=499) erzielt werden. Die jungen Patienten waren im Durchschnitt 33,8 Monate alt und zu 44,1% weiblich und zu 55,9% männlich. Im Vergleich hierzu lag die Rezidivquote in der Erwachsenenchirurgie nach Direktnaht bei 12,9% (n=4 von n=31 Direktnähten bei n=62 Nabelhernien). Das Durchschnittsalter der erwachsenen Patienten betrug 54,5 Jahre; 32,3% waren weiblich, 67,7% männlich. Schlussfolgerung: Aufgrund der Studienergebnisse stellt die Nabelhernienversorgung im Kindesalter durch Direktnaht und Zugang nach Spitzy das Mittel der Wahl und den Goldstandard dar, sobald dringliche Operationsindikationen wie eine Größenprogredienz, Schmerzsymptomatik oder Inkarzerationszeichen vorliegen. N2 - Umbilical hernia in children present a connatal gap in the adominal fascia localized in the ventral abdominal wall. Material and methods: In over 10 years 518 young patients with umbilical hernia were treated surgically in the University Clinic and Policlinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Child-Surgery Würzburg. After exclusion criteria, 499 patients were evaluated in the study. Results: By the use of direct suture and security measures such as a second fascia suture after semicircular, subumbilical incision after Spitzy, a lowest recurrence rate of 1% (n=5 out of n=499) could be achieved. The young patients had an average age of 33.8 months and were 44.1% female and 55.9% male. In comparison the recurrence rate in adults is 12.9% (n=4 out of n=31 direct sutures out of n=62 ubilical hernia patients) after direct suture. The average age of adult patients was 54.5 years; 32.3% were female, 67.7% male. Conclusion: As it is confirmed in the current study, umbilical herniotomy in children by direct suture and access after Spitzy is the agent of choice and presents the gold standard, as soon as urgent surgery indications such as progression of gapsize, painful symptomatology or signs of incarceration are present. KW - Nabelhernie KW - Kinderchirurgie KW - umbilical hernia KW - pediatric surgery Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141424 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sauer, Johannes T1 - Postoperative gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (HRQL) nach Trabekulektomie vs. Kanaloplastik T1 - Postoperative HRQL after trabeculectomy vs. canaloplasty N2 - Postoperative gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (HRQL) nach Trabekulektomie vs. Kanaloplastik. Fragebogenerstellung und Auswertung der HRQL von Patienten mit einem POWG, die sich entweder einer TE oder KP unterzogen haben. N2 - Postoperative HRQL after trabeculectomy vs. canaloplasty KW - Postoperative health related Quality of Life KW - Kanaloplastik KW - Trabekulektomie KW - Glaukom Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141492 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drozd, Valentina M. A1 - Saenko, Vladimir A. A1 - Brenner, Alina V. A1 - Drozdovitch, Vladimir A1 - Pashkevich, Vasilii I. A1 - Kudelsky, Anatoliy V. A1 - Demidchik, Yuri E. A1 - Branovan, Igor A1 - Shiglik, Nikolay T1 - Major Factors Affecting Incidence of Childhood Thyroid Cancer in Belarus after the Chernobyl Accident: Do Nitrates in Drinking Water Play a Role? JF - PLoS One N2 - One of the major health consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident in 1986 was a dramatic increase in incidence of thyroid cancer among those who were aged less than 18 years at the time of the accident. This increase has been directly linked in several analytic epidemiological studies to iodine-131 (I-131) thyroid doses received from the accident. However, there remains limited understanding of factors that modify the I-131-related risk. Focusing on post-Chernobyl pediatric thyroid cancer in Belarus, we reviewed evidence of the effects of radiation, thyroid screening, and iodine deficiency on regional differences in incidence rates of thyroid cancer. We also reviewed current evidence on content of nitrate in groundwater and thyroid cancer risk drawing attention to high levels of nitrates in open well water in several contaminated regions of Belarus, i.e. Gomel and Brest, related to the usage of nitrogen fertilizers. In this hypothesis generating study, based on ecological data and biological plausibility, we suggest that nitrate pollution may modify the radiation-related risk of thyroid cancer contributing to regional differences in rates of pediatric thyroid cancer in Belarus. Analytic epidemiological studies designed to evaluate joint effect of nitrate content in groundwater and radiation present a promising avenue of research and may provide useful insights into etiology of thyroid cancer. KW - analysis KW - areas KW - power-station accident KW - iodine nutrition KW - skin hemagioma KW - pooled KW - risk KW - children KW - radiation KW - exposure KW - radiotherapy Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141863 VL - 10 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Terpos, Evangelos A1 - Kleber, Martina A1 - Engelhardt, Monika A1 - Zweegman, Sonja A1 - Gay, Francesca A1 - Kastritis, Efstathios A1 - van de Donk, Niels W. C. J. A1 - Bruno, Benedetto A1 - Sezer, Orhan A1 - Broijl, Annemiek A1 - Bringhen, Sara A1 - Beksac, Meral A1 - Larocca, Alessandra A1 - Hajek, Roman A1 - Musto, Pellegrino A1 - Johnsen, Hans Erik A1 - Morabito, Fortunato A1 - Ludwig, Heinz A1 - Cavo, Michele A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Sonneveld, Pieter A1 - Dimopoulos, Meletios A. A1 - Palumbo, Antonio T1 - European Myeloma Network Guidelines for the Management of Multiple Myeloma-related Complications JF - Haematologica N2 - The European Myeloma Network provides recommendations for the management of the most common complications of multiple myeloma. Whole body low-dose computed tomography is more sensitive than conventional radiography in depicting osteolytic disease and thus we recommend it as the novel standard for the detection of lytic lesions in myeloma (grade 1A). Myeloma patients with adequate renal function and bone disease at diagnosis should be treated with zoledronic acid or pamidronate (grade 1A). Symptomatic patients without lytic lesions on conventional radiography can be treated with zoledronic acid (grade 1B), but its advantage is not clear for patients with no bone involvement on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. In asymptomatic myeloma, bisphosphonates are not recommended (grade 1A). Zoledronic acid should be given continuously, but it is not clear if patients who achieve at least a very good partial response benefit from its continuous use (grade 1B). Treatment with erythropoietic-stimulating agents may be initiated in patients with persistent symptomatic anemia (hemoglobin < 10g/dL) in whom other causes of anemia have been excluded (grade 1B). Erythropoietic agents should be stopped after 6-8 weeks if no adequate hemoglobin response is achieved. For renal impairment, bortezomib-based regimens are the current standard of care (grade 1A). For the management of treatment-induced peripheral neuropathy, drug modification is needed (grade 1C). Vaccination against influenza is recommended; vaccination against streptococcus pneumonia and hemophilus influenza is appropriate, but efficacy is not guaranteed due to suboptimal immune response (grade 1C). Prophylactic aciclovir (or valacyclovir) is recommended for patients receiving proteasome inhibitors, autologous or allogeneic transplantation (grade 1A). KW - bone-disease KW - stem-cell transplantation KW - acute kidney injury KW - erythropoiesis-stimulating agents KW - recombinant-human-erythropoietin KW - randomized controlled trial KW - group consensus statement KW - newly-diagnosed myeloma KW - zoledonic acid KW - enal impairment Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141913 VL - 100 IS - 10 SP - 1254 EP - 1266 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gámez-Virués, Sagrario A1 - Perović, David J. A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Börschig, Carmen A1 - Blüthgen, Nico A1 - de Jong, Heike A1 - Simons, Nadja K. A1 - Klein, Alexandra-Maria A1 - Krauss, Jochen A1 - Maier, Gwen A1 - Scherber, Christoph A1 - Steckel, Juliane A1 - Rothenwöhrer, Christoph A1 - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf A1 - Weiner, Christiane N. A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang A1 - Werner, Michael A1 - Tscharntke, Teja A1 - Westphal, Catrin T1 - Landscape simplification filters species traits and drives biotic homogenization JF - Nature Communications N2 - Biodiversity loss can affect the viability of ecosystems by decreasing the ability of communities to respond to environmental change and disturbances. Agricultural intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss and has multiple components operating at different spatial scales: from in-field management intensity to landscape-scale simplification. Here we show that landscape-level effects dominate functional community composition and can even buffer the effects of in-field management intensification on functional homogenization, and that animal communities in real-world managed landscapes show a unified response (across orders and guilds) to both landscape-scale simplification and in-field intensification. Adults and larvae with specialized feeding habits, species with shorter activity periods and relatively small body sizes are selected against in simplified landscapes with intense in-field management. Our results demonstrate that the diversity of land cover types at the landscape scale is critical for maintaining communities, which are functionally diverse, even in landscapes where in-field management intensity is high. KW - land-use intensity KW - community functional-responses KW - body-size KW - agricultural intensification KW - sustainable intensification KW - managed grasslands KW - biodiversity KW - diversity KW - heterogenity KW - butterflies Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141925 VL - 6 IS - 8568 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bahník, Štěpán A1 - Stuchlík, Aleš T1 - Temporal and spatial strategies in an active place avoidance task on Carousel: a study of effects of stability of arena rotation speed in rats JF - PeerJ N2 - The active place avoidance task is a dry-arena task used to assess spatial navigation and memory in rodents. In this task, a subject is put on a rotating circular arena and avoids an invisible sector that is stable in relation to the room. Rotation of the arena means that the subject's avoidancemust be active, otherwise the subject will be moved in the to-be-avoided sector by the rotation of the arena and a slight electric shock will be administered. The present experiment explored the effect of variable arena rotation speed on the ability to avoid the to-be-avoided sector. Subjects in a group with variable arena rotation speed learned to avoid the sector with the same speed and attained the same avoidance ability as rats in a group with a stable arena rotation speed. Only a slight difference in preferred position within the room was found between the two groups. No difference was found between the two groups in the dark phase, where subjects could not use orientation cues in the room. Only one rat was able to learn the avoidance of the to-be-avoided sector in this phase. The results of the experiment suggest that idiothetic orientation and interval timing are not crucial for learning avoidance of the to-be-avoided sector. However, idiothetic orientation might be sufficient for avoiding the sector in the dark. KW - navigation KW - interval timing KW - rats KW - morris water maze KW - hippocampal-neurons KW - D2 receptors KW - animal model KW - acute MK-801 KW - memory KW - behavior KW - dissociation KW - flexibility KW - spatial navigation KW - substratal idiothetic navigation KW - inertial idiothetic navigation Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141931 VL - 3 IS - e1257 ER - TY - THES A1 - Richter, Julia Babette Marianne T1 - Vergleich der Wertigkeit von Magnetresonanz-Enterographie und farbkodierter Duplex-Sonographie bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendlichenalter T1 - Comparison of the validity of magnetic resonance enterography and colour-coded duplex sonography in chronic inflammatory bowel disease in childhood and youth N2 - In der S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie des Morbus Crohn“ von 2008 war lediglich die Sonographie als primär bildgebendes Verfahren verankert; der Einsatz der Dünndarm-MRT blieb optional und ohne feste Position im Diagnostik-Algorithmus der CED. Im Unterschied hierzu stärkt die 2014 aktualisierte entsprechende S3-Leitlinie den Stellenwert der MRT als bildgebende Modalität. Weiterhin bestehen bleibt die Sonographie als primäre Bildgebung; eine MRT soll jedoch ebenfalls erfolgen: zur Primärdiagnostik, zur Erkennung extraintestinaler Komplikationen und zur Beurteilung endoskopisch nicht einsehbarer Darmabschnitte. Darüber hinaus kann sie in Verlaufskontrollen angewendet werden, falls erforderlich. Da sich diese jungen Patienten bei langer Krankheitsdauer in der Regel einer hohen Zahl an Untersuchungen unterziehen, sollte die Möglichkeit, dies strahlenexpositionsfrei durchführen zu können, unbedingt gewährleistet werden. Andernfalls ist mit einer erhöhten Rate an Malignomen im späteren Lebensalter zu rechnen. Daraus ergibt sich die Bedeutung einer Korrelation von mittels Ultraschall wie MRT erhobenen Befunden bei kindlicher CED. Hierzu liegen bislang nur wenige Untersuchungen vor, die zumeist auf den additiven Wert der Sonographie zur MRT und/oder dem additiven Wert der MR-Perfusionsanalyse fokussieren. Der hier vorgestellte Ansatz einer direkten Korrelation der Parameter Wanddicke und Perfusionsmarker zwischen Sonographie und MRT sowie gegenüber klinischen Aktivitätsmarkern (shPCDAI) ist innovativ. Für das MRT konnten wir eine signifikante Korrelation von Wanddicke und Signalintensitätszunahme zwei Minuten nach Kontrastmittelgabe für das terminale Ileum, der Prädilektionsstelle des Morbus Crohn, nachweisen. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Wanddicke und klinischem Aktivitätsindex konnte nicht gezeigt werden, jedoch zwischen Signalintensitätszunahme und short PCDAI. Die Perfusionsanalyse sollte daher unserer Ansicht nach bei MRT-Untersuchungen zur Beantwortung der Frage „aktive Entzündung“ herangezogen werden. Für die Sonographie konnten wir keinen Zusammenhang von Wanddicke und Perfusion, jedoch eine signifikante Korrelation von Wanddicke und short PCDAI nachweisen. Die Perfusion korrelierte wiederum nicht mit dem klinischen Aktivitätsindex. Die morphologische Wanddickenanalyse sollte daher für Sonographie-Untersuchungen zur Beantwortung der Frage „aktive Entzündung“ herangezogen werden. Bei der Korrelation der MRT- und Sonographie-Ergebnisse zeigte sich ein gutes Übereinstimmen der Daten der Darmwanddicken-Messungen, die höchste Korrelation ergab sich im terminalen Ileum. Auch für Signalintensitätszunahmen (MRT) und Perfusion (FKDS) zeigte sich ein gutes Übereinstimmen – mit Ausnahme des Rektosigmoids (späte KM-Phase). Die größte Korrelation war auch hier im terminalen Ileum zu finden. Dies belegt die gute Vergleichbarkeit beider Modalitäten. Eine Korrelation von MRAIs – USAI – shPCDAI ließ sich nicht nachweisen. Dies könnte an einer divergenten Einschätzung der Erkrankungsaktivität, jedoch auch an der kleinen Fallzahl liegen. Zur Erstellung des shPCDAI waren die retrospektiv erhobenen Variablen teils nicht ausreichend. Hauptlimitation für den USAI war die – teils durch Darmgasüberlagerung bedingte – unvollständige Dokumentation. Die Stärke des MRAI lag dagegen bei konstant vorliegenden Messungen in fünf Darmabschnitten. Trotz dieser Limitationen belegt die vorliegende Arbeit die Gleichwertigkeit beider Methoden in der Beurteilung von Darmwanddicken und eine bessere Korrelation wie Aussagekraft der MRT bei der Perfusionsanalyse. Aktuelle Publikationen belegen die Bedeutung Diffusionsgewichteter-MR-Bildgebung bei der CED-Diagnostik. Die DWI wurde im Rahmen unserer Untersuchung nicht angewendet, wird aber in Zukunft als vielversprechender, additiver Baustein oder sogar Ersatz für die Kontrastmittelgabe (Perfusionsanalyse) für MRT bei CED zu evaluieren sein. N2 - Comparison of the validity of magnetic resonance enterography and colour-coded duplex sonography in chronic inflammatory bowel disease in childhood and youth KW - Magnetresonanztomographie KW - Duplexsonographie KW - Verlgeich KW - Magnetresonanz-Enterographie KW - chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankung KW - Kindesalter KW - Wertigkeit Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140336 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dimopoulos, Meletios A. A1 - Weisel, Katja C. A1 - Song, Kevin W. A1 - Delforge, Michel A1 - Karlin, Lionel A1 - Goldschmidt, Hartmut A1 - Moreau, Philippe A1 - Banos, Anne A1 - Oriol, Albert A1 - Garderet, Laurent A1 - Cavo, Michele A1 - Ivanova, Valentina A1 - Alegre, Adrian A1 - Martinez-Lopez, Joaquin A1 - Chen, Christine A1 - Spencer, Andrew A1 - Knop, Stefan A1 - Bahlis, Nizar J. A1 - Renner, Christoph A1 - Yu, Xin A1 - Hong, Kevin A1 - Sternas, Lars A1 - Jacques, Christian A1 - Zaki, Mohamed H. A1 - San Miguel, Jesus F. T1 - Cytogenetics and long-term survival of patients with refractory or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma treated with pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone JF - Haematologica N2 - Patients with refractory or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who no longer receive benefit from novel agents have limited treatment options and short expected survival. del(17p) and t(4;14) are correlated with shortened survival. The phase 3 MM-003 trial demonstrated significant progression-free and overall survival benefits from treatment with pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone compared to high-dose dexamethasone among patients in whom bortezomib and lenalidomide treatment had failed. At an updated median follow-up of 15.4 months, the progression-free survival was 4.0 versus 1.9 months (HR, 0.50; P<0.001), and median overall survival was 13.1 versus 8.1 months (HR, 0.72; P=0.009). Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone, compared with high-dose dexamethasone, improved progression-free survival in patients with del(17p) (4.6 versus 1.1 months; HR, 0.34; P < 0.001), t(4;14) (2.8 versus 1.9 months; HR, 0.49; P=0.028), and in standard-risk patients (4.2 versus 2.3 months; HR, 0.55; P<0.001). Although the majority of patients treated with high-dose dexamethasone took pomalidomide after discontinuation, the overall survival of patients treated with pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone or highdose dexamethasone was 12.6 versus 7.7 months (HR, 0.45; P=0.008) in patients with del(17p), 7.5 versus 4.9 months (HR, 1.12; P=0.761) in those with t(4;14), and 14.0 versus 9.0 months (HR, 0.85; P=0.380) in standard-risk subjects. The overall response rate was higher in patients treated with pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone than in those treated with high-dose dexamethasone both among standard-risk patients (35.2% versus 9.7%) and those with del(17p) (31.8% versus 4.3%), whereas it was similar in patients with t(4; 14) (15.9% versus 13.3%). The safety of pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone was consistent with initial reports. In conclusion, pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone is efficacious in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and del(17p) and/or t(4;14). KW - translocation KW - plus dexamethasone KW - deletion 17P KW - bortezomib KW - therapy KW - abnormalities KW - stem-cell transplantation KW - growth-factor receptor 3 KW - high-risk cytogenetics KW - intergroupe francophone Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140349 VL - 100 IS - 10 SP - 1327 EP - 1333 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dresing, Kaya Patricia T1 - Biomechanische Untersuchungen zur Knochenstabilität nach Magenbypassoperation der Ratte T1 - Testing of biomechanical properties of bone after gastric bypass operation in rats N2 - Adipositas ist weltweit ein verbreitetes und fortschreitendes gesundheitliches und ökonomisches Problem. Die therapeutischen Effekte von Diäten und Medikamenten sind insgesamt unbefriedigend und nicht andauernd. Einzig die Ansprechraten der bariatrischen Chirurgie auf die Gewichtsminderung sind langfristig erfolgversprechend. Unter den bariatrischen Methoden gilt der Roux-en-Y-Magenbypass (RYGB) als Goldstandard und wird wegen seines positiven Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnisses häufig durchgeführt. Zunehmend rückt der Einfluss der RYGB-Operation auf den Knochenstoffwechsel in das Blickfeld der Forschung. In der Literatur konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Knochenmineralsalzgehalt nach RYGB-Operation abnimmt und der Knochenumsatz zunimmt. Langzeitstudien zur Knochengesundheit nach RYGB-Anlage existieren allerdings kaum und eine klinische Relevanz der verminderten BMD für das Frakturrisiko ist unbekannt. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung der Langzeitveränderungen der Knochenqualität nach RYGB-Operation in der Ratte im biomechanischen Test und die Korrelation mit erhobenen Daten der Knochendichte. Dazu wurden 18 männliche Wistar-Ratten randomisiert in zwei Gruppen aufgeteilt. Neun der Ratten erhielten eine RYGB-, die anderen neun eine Sham-Operation. 200 Tage im Anschluss an die Operation wurden die Tiere geopfert und Tibiae und Femora für die biomechanische Untersuchung entnommen. Im Torsionstest schnitten die getesteten RYGB-Knochen bezüglich Stärke und Steifigkeit signifikant schlechter ab als die der Sham-Vergleichsgruppe. Für die in der quantitativen Mikrocomputertomographie gemessene Knochendichte ergab sich das gleiche Ergebnis. Eine positive Korrelation zwischen der BMD und den Torsionsparametern ließ sich allerdings nicht nachweisen. In dieser tierexperimentellen Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass die veränderten Stoffwechselbedingungen durch Magenbypass-Anlage im Rattenmodell in einer biomechanisch reduzierten Knochenqualität resultieren und damit das potenzielle Frakturrisiko nach dieser Operation ansteigt. N2 - Objectives: Obesity is becoming an emerging health and economic problem. Dieting and medication therapy are unsatisfying with high recidivism rates. The only treatment with positive long-term results is bariatric operative treatment. Among bariatric methods the Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) is the gold standard with a positive benefit-risk profile. There is some data that RYGB-operations may have an negative impact on bone quality. Currently, there is no relevant data about a reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher fracture risk after bariatric bypass operations. Therefore we asked if there is a long-term influence after gastric bypass operations on bone quality in a rat model. Methods: 18 male Wistar rats were randomised and divided into two equal groups. 9 rats underwent a RYGB-operation and the other 9 rats underwent a sham-operation. 200 days post surgery animals were sacrificed and the tibiae and femora were explanted for further biomechanical and radiological investigations. Results and Conclusion: The quality of bone of RYGB-operated rats was significant inferior in strength and stiffness compared to the sham-group. Besides, microcomputertomography showed a significant lower BMD in RYGB-operated rats. The often performed gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) has a negative impact on the bone quality. KW - Adipositas KW - Biomechanik KW - Magenbypass KW - Knochenqualität Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141296 ER - TY - THES A1 - Carrera, Eva-Maria T1 - Modifikation von Calciumphosphat-Biokeramiken mit biologisch aktiven Metallionen T1 - Modification of calcium phosphate bioceramics with biologically active metal ions N2 - Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Modifizierung von porösem, calciumdefizitärem, nanokristallinem Hydroxylapatit mit verschiedenen Metallionen zu testen. Es wurden α‑TCP‑basierende Zementproben hergestellt, die durch zwei verschiedene Dotierungsmethoden mit bestimmten Metallionen (Cu2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, V3+, Zn2+) modifiziert wurden. Die eine Methode bestand in der Zusinterung der entsprechenden Metallionen zum α‑TCP‑Pulver. Bei der anderen Methode waren die Ionen in unterschiedlicher Konzentration (1 mmolar, 100 μmolar, 10 μmolar) in der Binderlösung enthalten. Die hergestellten Zementproben wurden hinsichtlich bestimmter Eigenschaften wie der initialen Abbindezeit und Druckfestigkeit untersucht und zusätzlich rasterelektronenmikroskopischen, röntgen-diffraktometrischen und massenspektrometrischen Analysen unterzogen. Als Referenz diente ein bereits am Menschen erfolgreich als Knochenersatzmaterial eingesetzter nanokristalliner, calciumarmer Hydroxylapatit-Zement. Da Hydroxylapatit nahezu nur durch Osteoklasten mittels einer lokalen pH‑Wert-Absenkung resorbiert werden kann, wurden in‑vitro‑Versuche mit einer immortalisierten Makrophagen-Zelllinie durchgeführt. Über einen 15‑tägigen Versuchszeitraum wurde die Zytokompatibilität mittels bestimmter Zellproliferations- und Zellaktivitätsmessungen überprüft. Zusätzlich wurden die mit Zellen besiedelten Proben unter dem Rasterelektronenmikroskop betrachtet und eine TRAP‑Färbung durchgeführt, um die Differenzierung zu osteoklastenähnlichen Zellen beurteilen zu können. Bei der Auswertung der Versuche wurde deutlich, dass nicht das Metall alleine maßgeblich für Veränderungen der physikalischen Eigenschaften im Vergleich zum metallfreien Referenzzement war. Auch die Art der Metallionendotierung, ob durch Zugabe mit der Binderlösung oder durch Zusinterung, hatte bei den Metallen unterschiedliche Auswirkungen auf die Zementeigenschaften. Während der Versuche wurden Abbindezeiten von 18 Minuten bis über 60 Minuten gemessen und Druckfestigkeiten zwischen 9,3 MPa und 30,5 MPa festgestellt. Bei der Auswertung der Zellversuchsreihe wurde festgestellt, dass die Zellen auf den mit Metallionen modifizierten Zementplättchen tendenziell eine niedrigere Aktivität bei gleich bleibender Proliferation aufwiesen als auf den metallfreien Referenzproben. Dieses Ergebnis konnte mikroskopisch bestätigt werden. N2 - The aim of this work was to test the modification of porous, calcium deficient, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite with various metal ions. α‑TCP‑based cement samples were prepared which were modified by two different doping methods with specific metal ions (Cu2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, V3+, Zn2+). One method consisted in the sintering of the corresponding metal ions to the α‑TCP powder. In the other method the ions were contained in the binder solution in varying concentrations (1 mmolar, 100 μmolar, 10 μmolar). The cement samples produced were examined with regard to certain properties such as the initial setting time and compressive strength, and were additionally subjected to scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and mass spectrometry analyzes. A nanocrystalline, calcium-poor hydroxylapatite cement, which has already been successfully used as a bone replacement material in humans, served as a reference. Since hydroxylapatite can be resorbed almost exclusively by osteoclasts by means of a local pH reduction, in vitro experiments with an immortalized macrophage cell line were performed. Cytocompatibility was tested by means of certain cell proliferation and cell activity measurements over a 15-day experimental period. In addition, the cells populated with cells were observed under the scanning electron microscope and a TRAP staining was performed to evaluate the differentiation to osteoclast-like cells. In the evaluation of the experiments, it became clear that the metal alone was not decisive for changes in the physical properties compared to the metal-free reference cement. The nature of the metal ion doping, whether by addition with the binder solution or by sintering, had different effects on the cements properties of the metals. During the tests, setting times of 18 minutes to over 60 minutes were measured and compressive strengths between 9,3 MPa and 30,5 MPa were determined. In the evaluation of the cell test series, it was found that the cells on the metal ions modified cement platelets tended to have a lower activity with a constant proliferation than on the metal-free reference samples. This result could be confirmed microscopically. KW - Knochenzement KW - Calciumphosphat KW - Hydroxylapatit KW - α‑Tricalciumphosphat Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141338 ER - TY - THES A1 - Stahl, Miriam Franziska T1 - Optimiertes Thoraxdrainagemanagement in einem thoraxchirurgischen Patientengut - Ergebnisse der Thopaz-NICE-Studie T1 - Optimized chest tube management – Results of the Thopaz-NICE-study N2 - Die Dauer des Krankenhausaufenthaltes nach thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen ist maßgeblich durch die Drainagezeit, also die Verweildauer der Thoraxdrainage im Patienten, beeinflusst. Bisher gibt es noch keine allgemeingültigen Leit- und Richtlinien, die ein Drainagemanagement durch eine standardisierte Vorgehensweise und eine damit einhergehende Verkürzung der Drainagezeit gewährleisten. Dadurch sind die Unterschiede bezüglich der Handhabung und der Kriterien zur Entfernung der Drainage in den unterschiedlichen Kliniken von persönlichen Erfahrungswerten der behandelnden Ärzte beeinflusst und führen zu unterschiedlichen Drainagezeiten im thoraxchirurgischen Patientengut. Bisherige Studien untersuchten vorrangig die Unterschiede zwischen digitalen und analogen Drainagesystemen, wohingegen die Optimierung der Drainagetherapie durch Nutzung der Daten aus digitalen Systemen weitgehend unerforscht blieb. Aus diesem Grund wurde die klinische ThopazTM-NICE-Studie (Non- Interventional Clinical Evaluation of the digital chest drain device ThopazTM) konzipiert. In dieser wurden 112 Patienten erfasst. Es handelt sich um eine mul- tizentrische, nicht-interventionelle Anwendungsbeobachtung. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es herauszufinden, ob die landläufig für das klinische Drainagemanagement herangezogenen Faktoren tatsächlich Einfluss auf die Drainagezeit nehmen und zu definieren, um welche Faktoren es sich dabei handelt. Anhand von klinisch erhobenen Daten und den aus der ThopazTM stammenden Flow-Werten wurden regressionsanalytische Untersuchungen durchgeführt, um somit Rückschlüsse zu erhalten, welche Faktoren einerseits Einfluss auf die klinische und andererseits auf die „objektivierbare“ (eine aus den Flow-Werten abgeleitete medizinisch notwendige Drainagezeit) nehmen. Das Ende der „objektivierbaren“ Drainagezeit wurde dabei wie folgt definiert: ein vierstündiges Intervall am postoperativen Patienten, in dem der Flow-Wert erstmals unter 10mL/min liegt. N2 - The postoperative chest tube Management is an important aspect of thoracic surgery. In this study we analyzed the data from the digital chest drain device Thopaz (Medela) in four German specialist thoracic surgery units. 112 patients were included in this study. Our aim was to find parameters that have a significant effect on the duration of chest tube treatment. KW - Thoraxdrainage KW - Drainagesystem KW - Digital Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141348 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gyberg, Viveca A1 - De Bacquer, Dirk A1 - De Backer, Guy A1 - Jennings, Catriona A1 - Kotseva, Kornelia A1 - Mellbin, Linda A1 - Schnell, Oliver A1 - Tuomilehto, Jaakko A1 - Wood, David A1 - Ryden, Lars A1 - Amouyel, Philippe A1 - Bruthans, Jan A1 - Conde, Almudena Castro A1 - Cifkova, Renata A1 - Deckers, Jaap W. A1 - De Sutter, Johan A1 - Dilic, Mirza A1 - Dolzhenko, Maryna A1 - Erglis, Andrejs A1 - Fras, Zlatko A1 - Gaita, Dan A1 - Gotcheva, Nina A1 - Goudevenos, John A1 - Heuschmann, Peter A1 - Laucevicius, Aleksandras A1 - Lehto, Seppo A1 - Lovic, Dragan A1 - Milicic, Davor A1 - Moore, David A1 - Nicolaides, Evagoras A1 - Oganov, Raphae A1 - Pajak, Andrzej A1 - Pogosova, Nana A1 - Reiner, Zeljko A1 - Stagmo, Martin A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Tokgözoglu, Lale A1 - Vulic, Dusko T1 - Patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes need improved management: a report from the EUROASPIRE IV survey: a registry from the EuroObservational Research Programme of the European Society of Cardiology JF - Cardiovascular Diabetology N2 - Background: In order to influence every day clinical practice professional organisations issue management guidelines. Cross-sectional surveys are used to evaluate the implementation of such guidelines. The present survey investigated screening for glucose perturbations in people with coronary artery disease and compared patients with known and newly detected type 2 diabetes with those without diabetes in terms of their life-style and pharmacological risk factor management in relation to contemporary European guidelines. Methods: A total of 6187 patients (18-80 years) with coronary artery disease and known glycaemic status based on a self reported history of diabetes (previously known diabetes) or the results of an oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c (no diabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes) were investigated in EUROASPIRE IV including patients in 24 European countries 2012-2013. The patients were interviewed and investigated in order to enable a comparison between their actual risk factor control with that recommended in current European management guidelines and the outcome in previously conducted surveys. Results: A total of 2846 (46 %) patients had no diabetes, 1158 (19 %) newly diagnosed diabetes and 2183 (35 %) previously known diabetes. The combined use of all four cardioprotective drugs in these groups was 53, 55 and 60 %, respectively. A blood pressure target of <140/90 mmHg was achieved in 68, 61, 54 % and a LDL-cholesterol target of <1.8 mmol/L in 16, 18 and 28 %. Patients with newly diagnosed and previously known diabetes reached an HbA1c <7.0 % (53 mmol/mol) in 95 and 53 % and 11 % of those with previously known diabetes had an HbA1c >9.0 % (>75 mmol/mol). Of the patients with diabetes 69 % reported on low physical activity. The proportion of patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation programmes was low (approximate to 40 %) and only 27 % of those with diabetes had attended diabetes schools. Compared with data from previous surveys the use of cardioprotective drugs had increased and more patients were achieving the risk factor treatment targets. Conclusions: Despite advances in patient management there is further potential to improve both the detection and management of patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. KW - heart KW - glycaemic control KW - cardiovascular diseases KW - myocardial infarction KW - glucose control KW - blood-glucose KW - risk factors KW - follow-up KW - mellitus KW - mortality KW - guidelines KW - coronary artery disease KW - type 2 diabetes KW - secondary prevention KW - management KW - guideline adherence KW - blood pressure KW - blood lipids Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141358 VL - 14 IS - 133 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lother, Jasmin T1 - Interaktion dendritischer Zell-Subtypen mit dem human pathogenen Schimmelpilz \(Aspergillus fumigatus\) T1 - Interaction of dendritic cell subtypes with the human pathogenic mould fungus \(Aspergillus fumigatus\) N2 - Die invasive Aspergillose (IA) z¨ ahlt zu den seltenen, bei immunsupprimierten Patienten jedoch mit einer hohen Letalit¨ at verbundenen Infektionskrankheiten. Sie wird, wie alle Aspergillosen, durch den humanpathogenen Schimmelpilz Aspergillus fumigatus ausgel¨ ost. Bis heute ist die oft nicht effektive Therapie einer IA mit hohen Nebenwirkungen und Kosten verbunden. Die Entwicklung von Pathogen-spezifischen Immuntherapien soll durch die Forschung im Bereich der immunologischen Infektionsbiologie vorangetrieben werden. Fur neuen Erkenntnisse wird die Interaktion von humanen Immunzellen mit ¨ A. fumigatus analysiert. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde mit dendritischen Zellen (DCs) gearbeitet, da diese Pilzmorphologien von A. fumigatus phagozytieren k¨ onnen und uber Antigenpr ¨ ¨ asentation das adaptive Immunsystem aktivieren. Es wurden aus humanen Monozyten differenzierte DCs (moDCs) verwendet, mit welchen viele Forschergruppen aufgrund ihrer verfugbar ¨ großen Anzahl arbeiten. Allerdings dauert die Generierung von moDCs funf Tage. Aus ¨ dem peripheren Blut entstammende CD1c-positive myeloide DCs (mDCs) oder CD303- positive plasmazytoide DCs (pDCs) k¨ onnen dagegen direkt nach der Isolation verwendet werden. Die beiden DC-Populationen werden aus verschiedenen Vorl¨ auferzellen des h¨ amatopoetischen Systems im Knochenmark gebildet. Ihr Ph¨ anotyp und ihre Immunfunktionen unterscheiden sich untereinander und auch von denen der moDCs. In Interaktionsstudien konnte analysiert werden, dass die drei verwendeten DC-Subtypen (moDCs, mDCs, pDCs) unterschiedlich auf A. fumigatus reagieren. moDCs und mDCs reiften in direktem Kontakt zu Aspergillus, sie sekretierten ein relativ ¨ ahnliches Zytokinprofil und exprimierten die bekannten Aspergillus-Rezeptoren Dectin-1, TLR2 und TLR4. Im Kontrast dazu verblieben pDCs trotz Aspergillus-Kontakt unreif und sekretierten nahezu keine Zytokine. Da moDCs und mDCs eine Immunreaktion auf den Pilz zeigten, wurden sie mit verschiedenen Aspergillus-Antigenen beladen und n¨ aher untersucht. Bevor verschiedene Aspergillus-Antigene zur Beladung der DCs eingesetzt werden konnten, wurden diese analysiert und aufgereinigt. Hierfur wurde ein routinierter Arbeitsprozess ¨ etabliert. Zwei der vier verfugbaren Proteinantigene waren mit Endotoxin kontaminiert. ¨ Da schon geringe Mengen an Endotoxinen auf DCs einen stimulatorischen Effekt ausubten, ¨ wurden die Proteine mittels Affinit¨ atschromatografie von den verunreinigenden Endotoxinen befreit. In den Stimulationsexperimenten wirkten die beiden Proteinantigene CcpA und SHMT immunogen auf moDCs und mDCs. CcpA induzierte eine st¨ arkere Maturierung und Zytokinfreisetzung als SHMT. Auff¨ allig war, dass mDCs im Vergleich zu moDCs die Expression von MHC Klasse II st¨ arker erh¨ ohten und mehr IL18 freisetzten. Die mit CcpA oder SHMT beladenen moDCs und mDCs aktivierten autologe T-Zellen zur IFNg Sekretion und zur Proliferation. Zudem wurden durch die beiden Proteine Aspergillus-spezifische, CD154- positive T-Zellen induziert. Diese Aspergillus-spezifische Immunogenit¨ at von CcpA und SHMT macht die beiden Proteine zu interessanten Kandidaten fur einen Vakzinierungs- ¨ Cocktail einer DC-Immuntherapie. Aspergillus Lysat induzierte als weiteres Antigen eine T-Zell Immunantwort mit CD154-positiven T-Zellen. Zudem war die Proliferation und IFNg Sekretion von T-Zellen induziert, obwohl moDCs und mDCs nicht reiften und nur wenige Zytokine sekretierten. Die beiden Aspergillus-Proteine CpcB und fg-gap induzierten die Reifung und Zytokinsekretion von moDCs und mDCs nicht. Demzufolge sind CpcB und fg-gap fur eine DC-Immuntherapie nicht empfehlenswert. ¨ Ein Vakzinierungs-Cocktail enth¨ alt in der Regel Adjuvantien, welche die Immunreaktion verst¨ arken. Adjuvante Effekte auf moDCs konnten die getesteten Aspergillus-RezeptorLiganden Zymosan, Pam3CSK4, LPS ultrapur und R848 ausl¨ osen. Hyalurons¨ aure konnte keine Verbesserung der Reifung oder Vitalit¨ at von moDCs und mDCs bewirken. Die Antigen-bedingte Reifung der DCs fur n ¨ ¨ otige Restimulationen w¨ ahrend der Therapie konnte mittels einer tiefgekuhlten Lagerung in CryoStor Einfriermedium stabil beibehalten ¨ werden. Die beiden immunogenen Aspergillus-Proteine, die adjuvanten Rezeptor-Agonisten und die stabile Lagerung in CryoStor k¨ onnen als elementare Grundsteine fur einen Vakzinierungs- ¨ Cocktail einer anti-fungalen DC-Immuntherapie mit moDCs oder mDCs angesehen werden. N2 - Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is one of the rare infectious diseases associated with a high mortality rate that occurs in immunocompromised patients. Like all aspergillosis, it is caused by the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. No effective therapy of IA is known to date and the current therapy is associated with high side effects and costs. More in-depth research is needed in the field of immunological infection biology, such as the interactions of human immune cells with A. fumigatus, for the development of pathogen-specific immunotherapies. In the present study dendritic cells (DCs) are investigated due to their ability to phago- cytose fungal morphologies of A. fumigatus and activate the adaptive immune system via antigen presentation. Monocytes which differentiate into DCs (moDCs) are used by many research groups due to their large numbers; however, their total generation time lasts five days. CD1c-positive myeloid DCs (mDCs) and CD303-positive plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) found in the peripheral blood can be used directly after isolation. The two DC populations are formed from different precursor cells of the hematopoietic system in the bone marrow and therefore their phenotype and immune functions differ from each other and also from those of moDCs. ... KW - Dendritische Zellen KW - Aspergillus KW - Untertyp Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140940 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paul, Mila M. A1 - Pauli, Martin A1 - Ehmann, Nadine A1 - Hallermann, Stefan A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Kittel, Robert J. A1 - Heckmann, Manfred T1 - Bruchpilot and Synaptotagmin collaborate to drive rapid glutamate release and active zone differentiation JF - Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience N2 - The active zone (AZ) protein Bruchpilot (Brp) is essential for rapid glutamate release at Drosophila melanogaster neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Quantal time course and measurements of action potential-waveform suggest that presynaptic fusion mechanisms are altered in brp null mutants (brp\(^{69}\)). This could account for their increased evoked excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) delay and rise time (by about 1 ms). To test the mechanism of release protraction at brp\(^{69}\) AZs, we performed knock-down of Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt) via RNAi (syt\(^{KD}\)) in wildtype (wt), brp\(^{69}\) and rab3 null mutants (rab3\(^{rup}\)), where Brp is concentrated at a small number of AZs. At wt and rab3\(^{rup}\) synapses, syt\(^{KD}\) lowered EPSC amplitude while increasing rise time and delay, consistent with the role of Syt as a release sensor. In contrast, syt\(^{KD}\) did not alter EPSC amplitude at brp\(^{69}\) synapses, but shortened delay and rise time. In fact, following syt\(^{KD}\), these kinetic properties were strikingly similar in wt and brp\(^{69}\), which supports the notion that Syt protracts release at brp\(^{69}\) synapses. To gain insight into this surprising role of Syt at brp\(^{69}\) AZs, we analyzed the structural and functional differentiation of synaptic boutons at the NMJ. At tonic type Ib motor neurons, distal boutons contain more AZs, more Brp proteins per AZ and show elevated and accelerated glutamate release compared to proximal boutons. The functional differentiation between proximal and distal boutons is Brp-dependent and reduced after syt\(^{KD}\). Notably, syt\(^{KD}\) boutons are smaller, contain fewer Brp positive AZs and these are of similar number in proximal and distal boutons. In addition, super-resolution imaging via dSTORM revealed that syt\(^{KD}\) increases the number and alters the spatial distribution of Brp molecules at AZs, while the gradient of Brp proteins per AZ is diminished. In summary, these data demonstrate that normal structural and functional differentiation of Drosophila AZs requires concerted action of Brp and Syt. KW - neuromuscular junction KW - Bruchpilot KW - synaptic delay KW - dSTORM KW - synaptotagmin KW - presynaptic differentiation KW - neurotransmitter release KW - active zone KW - synaptic transmission KW - fluorescent probes Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148988 VL - 9 IS - 29 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hillmann, Steffi A1 - Wiedmann, Silke A1 - Fraser, Alec A1 - Baeza, Juan A1 - Rudd, Anthony A1 - Norrving, Bo A1 - Asplund, Kjell A1 - Niewada, Maciej A1 - Dennis, Martin A1 - Hermanek, Peter A1 - Wolfe, Charles D. A. A1 - Heuschmann, Peter U. T1 - Temporal changes in the quality of acute stroke care in five national audits across Europe JF - BioMed Research International N2 - Background. Data on potential variations in delivery of appropriate stroke care over time are scarce. We investigated temporal changes in the quality of acute hospital stroke care across five national audits in Europe over a period of six years. Methods. Data were derived from national stroke audits in Germany, Poland, Scotland, Sweden, and England/Wales/Northern Ireland participating within the European Implementation Score (EIS) collaboration. Temporal changes in predefined quality indicators with comparable information between the audits were investigated. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate adherence to quality indicators over time. Results. Between 2004 and 2009, individual data from 542,112 patients treated in 538 centers participating continuously over the study period were included. In most audits, the proportions of patients who were treated on a SU, were screened for dysphagia, and received thrombolytic treatment increased over time and ranged from 2-fold to almost 4-fold increase in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy in 2009 compared to 2004. Conclusions. A general trend towards a better quality of stroke care defined by standardized quality indicators was observed over time. The association between introducing a specific measure and higher adherence over time might indicate that monitoring of stroke care performance contributes to improving quality of care. KW - ischemic stroke KW - indicators KW - thrombolysis KW - registries KW - outcomes KW - mortality KW - implementation KW - German Stroke Registers Study Group Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149059 VL - 2015 IS - 432497 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Firdessa, Rebuma A1 - Good, Liam A1 - Amstalden, Maria Cecilia A1 - Chindera, Kantaraja A1 - Kamaruzzaman, Nor Fadhilah A1 - Schultheis, Martina A1 - Röger, Bianca A1 - Hecht, Nina A1 - Oelschlaeger, Tobias A. A1 - Meinel, Lorenz A1 - Lühmann, Tessa A1 - Moll, Heidrun T1 - Pathogen- and host-directed antileishmanial effects mediated by polyhexanide (PHMB) JF - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases N2 - Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. CL causes enormous suffering in many countries worldwide. There is no licensed vaccine against CL, and the chemotherapy options show limited efficacy and high toxicity. Localization of the parasites inside host cells is a barrier to most standard chemo- and immune-based interventions. Hence, novel drugs, which are safe, effective and readily accessible to third-world countries and/or drug delivery technologies for effective CL treatments are desperately needed. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we evaluated the antileishmanial properties and delivery potential of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB; polyhexanide), a widely used antimicrobial and wound antiseptic, in the Leishmania model. PHMB showed an inherent antileishmanial activity at submicromolar concentrations. Our data revealed that PHMB kills Leishmania major (L. major) via a dual mechanism involving disruption of membrane integrity and selective chromosome condensation and damage. PHMB's DNA binding and host cell entry properties were further exploited to improve the delivery and immunomodulatory activities of unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN). PHMB spontaneously bound CpG ODN, forming stable nanopolyplexes that enhanced uptake of CpG ODN, potentiated antimicrobial killing and reduced host cell toxicity of PHMB. Conclusions Given its low cost and long history of safe topical use, PHMB holds promise as a drug for CL therapy and delivery vehicle for nucleic acid immunomodulators. KW - resistance KW - activation KW - dendritic cells KW - Cutaneous leishmaniasis KW - topical treatment KW - biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide KW - experimental visceral leishmaniasis KW - drug-delivery systems KW - therapy KW - paromomycin Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148162 VL - 9 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Mengxia A1 - Winkler, Beate A1 - Pabst, Thomas A1 - Bley, Thorsten A1 - Köstler, Herbert A1 - Neubauer, Henning T1 - Fast MR Imaging of the paediatric abdomen with CAIPIRINHA-accelerated T1w 3D FLASH and with high-resolution T2w HASTE: a study on image quality JF - Gastroenterology Research and Practice N2 - The aim of this study was to explore the applicability of fast MR techniques to routine paediatric abdominopelvic MRI at 1.5 Tesla. "Controlled Aliasing in Parallel Imaging Results in Higher Acceleration-" (CAIPIRINHA-) accelerated contrast-enhanced-T1w 3D FLASH imaging was compared to standard T1w 2D FLASH imaging with breath-holding in 40 paediatric patients and to respiratory-triggered T1w TSE imaging in 10 sedated young children. In 20 nonsedated patients, we compared T2w TIRM to fat-saturated T2w HASTE imaging. Two observers performed an independent and blinded assessment of overall image quality. Acquisition time was reduced by the factor of 15 with CAIPIRINHA-accelerated T1w FLASH and by 7 with T2w HASTE. With CAIPIRINHA and with HASTE, there were significantly less motion artefacts in nonsedated patients. In sedated patients, respiratory-triggered T1w imaging in general showed better image quality. However, satisfactory image quality was achieved with CAIPIRINHA in two sedated patients where respiratory triggering failed. In summary, fast scanning with CAIPIRINHA and HASTE presents a reliable high quality alternative to standard sequences in paediatric abdominal MRI. Paediatric patients, in particular, benefit greatly from fast image acquisition with less breath-hold cycles or shorter sedation. KW - gadoxetic acid KW - breath-hold KW - standard KW - Dixon KW - VIBE KW - clinical application Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149217 VL - 2015 IS - 693654 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleszar, Andrzej A1 - Hanke, Werner T1 - Two-dimensional metallicity with a large spin-orbit splitting: DFT calculations of the atomic, electronic, and spin structures of the Au/Ge(111)-(√3 x √3)R30° surface JF - Advances in Condensed Matter Physics N2 - Density functional theory (DFT) is applied to study the atomic, electronic, and spin structures of the Au monolayer at the Ge(111) surface. It is found that the theoretically determined most stable atomic geometry is described by the conjugated honeycomb-chained-trimer (CHCT) model, in a very good agreement with experimental data. The calculated electronic structure of the system, being in qualitatively good agreement with the photoemission measurements, shows fingerprints of the many-body effects (self-interaction corrections) beyond the LDA or GGA approximations. The most interesting property of this surface system is the large spin splitting of its metallic surface bands and the undulating spin texture along the hexagonal Fermi contours, which highly resembles the spin texture at the Dirac state of the topological insulator Bi\(_{2}\)Te\(_{3}\). These properties make this system particularly interesting from both fundamental and technological points of view. KW - topological insulators KW - gas KW - density functional theory KW - conjugated honeycomb-chained-trimer KW - spin structures KW - Au/Ge(111) Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149221 VL - 2015 IS - 531498 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shityakov, Sergey A1 - Salvador, Ellaine A1 - Pastorin, Giorgia A1 - Förster, Carola T1 - Blood-brain barrier transport studies, aggregation, and molecular dynamics simulation of multiwalled carbon nanotube functionalized with fluorescein isothiocyanate JF - International Journal of Nanomedicine N2 - In this study, the ability of a multiwalled carbon nanotube functionalized with fluorescein isothiocyanate (MWCNT-FITC) was assessed as a prospective central nervous system-targeting drug delivery system to permeate the blood-brain barrier. The results indicated that the MWCNT-FITC conjugate is able to penetrate microvascular cerebral endothelial monolayers; its concentrations in the Transwell® system were fully equilibrated after 48 hours. Cell viability test, together with phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopies, did not detect any signs of MWCNT-FITC toxicity on the cerebral endothelial cells. These microscopic techniques also revealed presumably the intracellular localization of fluorescent MWCNT-FITCs apart from their massive nonfluorescent accumulation on the cellular surface due to nanotube lipophilic properties. In addition, the 1,000 ps molecular dynamics simulation in vacuo discovered the phenomenon of carbon nanotube aggregation driven by van der Waals forces via MWCN-TFITC rapid dissociation as an intermediate phase. KW - endothelial cells KW - cytotoxicity KW - blood-brain barrier KW - fluorescein isothiocyanate KW - aggregation KW - molecular dynamics KW - fluorescence microscopy KW - Transwell® system KW - multiwalled carbon nanotube KW - mice Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149233 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimanowski, Bernd A1 - Gudmundsson, Magńus Tumi T1 - Fire in the hole: recreating volcanic eruptions with cannon blasts JF - Eos N2 - Artificial volcanic plumes, fired from cannons loaded with ash plucked from the slopes of Iceland, may help researchers better monitor disruptive eruptions. KW - volcanic eruption KW - benchmarking KW - cannons KW - ash Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149304 VL - 96 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hopp, Sarah A1 - Albert-Weissenberger, Christiane T1 - The kallikrein-kinin system: a promising therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury JF - Neural Regeneration Research N2 - No abstract available. KW - kallikrein-kinin system KW - traumatic brain injury KW - therapy Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149416 VL - 10 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miralles, Felip A1 - Vargiu, Eloisa A1 - Dauwalder, Stefan A1 - Solà, Marc A1 - Müller-Putz, Gernot A1 - Wriessnegger, Selina C. A1 - Pinegger, Andreas A1 - Kübler, Andrea A1 - Halder, Sebastian A1 - Käthner, Ivo A1 - Martin, Suzanne A1 - Daly, Jean A1 - Armstrong, Elaine A1 - Guger, Christoph A1 - Hintermüller, Christoph A1 - Lowish, Hannah T1 - Brain computer interface on track to home. JF - The Scientific World Journal N2 - The novel BackHome system offers individuals with disabilities a range of useful services available via brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), to help restore their independence. This is the time such technology is ready to be deployed in the real world, that is, at the target end users’ home. This has been achieved by the development of practical electrodes, easy to use software, and delivering telemonitoring and home support capabilities which have been conceived, implemented, and tested within a user-centred design approach. The final BackHome system is the result of a 3-year long process involving extensive user engagement to maximize effectiveness, reliability, robustness, and ease of use of a home based BCI system. The system is comprised of ergonomic and hassle-free BCI equipment; one-click software services for Smart Home control, cognitive stimulation, and web browsing; and remote telemonitoring and home support tools to enable independent home use for nonexpert caregivers and users. BackHome aims to successfully bring BCIs to the home of people with limited mobility to restore their independence and ultimately improve their quality of life. KW - brain computer interface KW - disability KW - limited mobility KW - independence Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149575 VL - 2015 IS - 623896 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riad, Noura M. A1 - Zlotos, Darius P. A1 - Holzgrabe, Ulrike T1 - Crystal structure of 5,11-dihydropyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one. JF - Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications N2 - The title compound, C\(_{12}\)H\(_{9}\)N\(_{3}\)O, is an inter­mediate in the synthesis of the muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist AFDX-384. The seven-membered ring adopts a boat conformation and the dihedral angle between the planes of the aromatic rings is 41.51 (9)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into [001] chains of alternating inversion dimers formed by pairs of N-H・・・O hydrogen bonds and pairs of N-H・・・N hydrogen bonds. In both cases, R\(_{2}\)\(^{2}\)(8) loops are generated. KW - crystal structure KW - pyridobenzodiazepine KW - boat conformation KW - hydrogen bonding Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149627 VL - E71 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of spin and parity of the Higgs boson in the WW\(^{*}\)→eνμν decay channel with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - Studies of the spin and parity quantum numbers of the Higgs boson in the WW\(^{*}\)→eνμν final state are presented, based on proton–proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb\(^{-1}\) at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt {s}\)=8 TeV. The Standard Model spin-parity J\(^{CP}\)=0\(^{++}\) hypothesis is compared with alternative hypotheses for both spin and CP. The case where the observed resonance is a mixture of the Standard-Model-like Higgs boson and CP-even (J\(^{CP}\)=0\(^{++}\)) or CP-odd (J\(^{CP}\)=0\(^{+-}\)) Higgs boson in scenarios beyond the Standard Model is also studied. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model prediction and limits are placed on alternative spin and CP hypotheses, including CP mixing in different scenarios. KW - Higgs boson KW - spin KW - parity Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149632 VL - 75 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franke, Katharina A1 - Vilne, Baiba A1 - da Costa, Olivia Prazeres A1 - Rudelius, Martina A1 - Peschel, Christian A1 - Oostendorp, Robert A. J. A1 - Keller, Ulrich T1 - In vivo hematopoietic Myc activation directs a transcriptional signature in endothelial cells within the bone marrow microenvironment JF - Oncotarget N2 - Cancer pathogenesis involves tumor-intrinsic genomic aberrations and tumor-cell extrinsic mechanisms such as failure of immunosurveillance and structural and functional changes in the microenvironment. Using Myc as a model oncogene we established a conditional mouse bone marrow transduction/transplantation model where the conditional activation of the oncoprotein Myc expressed in the hematopoietic system could be assessed for influencing the host microenvironment. Constitutive ectopic expression of Myc resulted in rapid onset of a lethal myeloproliferative disorder with a median survival of 21 days. In contrast, brief 4-day Myc activation by means of the estrogen receptor (ER) agonist tamoxifen did not result in gross changes in the percentage/frequency of hematopoietic lineages or hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) subsets, nor did Myc activation significantly change the composition of the non-hematopoietic microenvironment defined by phenotyping for CD31, ALCAM, and Sca-1 expression. Transcriptome analysis of endothelial CD45-Ter119-cells from tamoxifen-treated MycER bone marrow graft recipients revealed a gene expression signature characterized by specific changes in the Rho subfamily pathway members, in the transcription-translation-machinery and in angiogenesis. In conclusion, intra-hematopoietic Myc activation results in significant transcriptome alterations that can be attributed to oncogene-induced signals from hematopoietic cells towards the microenvironment, e. g. endothelial cells, supporting the idea that even pre-leukemic HSPC highjack components of the niche which then could protect and support the cancer-initiating population. KW - stem-cells KW - mutations KW - C-Myc KW - Rho-GTPases KW - niche KW - leukemia KW - target KW - growth KW - cycle KW - apoptosis, Myc KW - microenvironment KW - endothelial cells Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145844 VL - 6 IS - 26 SP - 21827 EP - 21839 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neudecker, Jens A1 - Malzahn, Uwe A1 - Heuschmann, Peter A1 - Behrens, Uwe A1 - Walles, Thorsten T1 - Pulmonary wedge resection plus parietal pleurectomy (WRPP) versus parietal pleurectomy (PP) for the treatment of recurrent primary pneumothorax (WOPP trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial JF - Trials N2 - Background For the surgical treatment of recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothoraces (rPSP) different operative therapies are applied to achieve permanent freedom from recurrence. Methods/design This multicenter clinical trial evaluates the long-term results of two commonly applied surgical techniques for the treatment of rPSP. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and after obtaining the patients’ informed consent, participants are randomized into the two surgical treatment arms: pulmonary wedge resection plus parietal pleurectomy (WRPP) or parietal pleurectomy alone (PP). Consecutively, all study participants will be followed up for two years to evaluate the surgical long-term effect. The primary efficacy endpoint is the recurrence rate of pneumothorax within 24 months after surgery. The calculated sample size is 360 patients (n = 180 per treatment arm) to prove superiority of one of the two treatments. So far, 22 surgical sites have submitted their declaration of commitment, giving the estimated number of participating patients. Discussion A prospective randomized clinical trial has been started to compare two established surgical therapies to evaluate the long-term results regarding recurrence rates. Furthermore, cost of treatment, and influence on the perioperative morbidity and mortality as well as on quality of life are analyzed. If the study reveals equivalence for both surgical techniques, unnecessary pulmonary resections could be avoided. KW - multicenter KW - prospective randomized trial KW - pulmonary wedge resection KW - parietal pleurectomy KW - recurrent primary pneumothorax Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145869 VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Redelbach, Andreas T1 - Searches for prompt R-parity-violating supersymmetry at the LHC JF - Advances in High Energy Physics N2 - Searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) at the LHC frequently assume the conservation of R-parity in their design, optimization, and interpretation. In the case that R-parity is not conserved, constraints on SUSY particle masses tend to be weakened with respect to R-parity-conserving models. We review the current status of searches for R-parity-violating (RPV) supersymmetry models at the ATLAS and CMS experiments, limited to 8 TeV search results published or submitted for publication as of the end of March 2015. All forms of renormalisable RPV terms leading to prompt signatures have been considered in the set of analyses under review. Discussing results for searches for prompt R-parity-violating SUSY signatures summarizes the main constraints for various RPV models from LHC Run I and also defines the basis for promising signal regions to be optimized for Run II. In addition to identifying highly constrained regions from existing searches, also gaps in the coverage of the parameter space of RPV SUSY are outlined. KW - supergauge transformations KW - grand unification KW - proton-proton collisions KW - particle KW - breaking KW - standard model KW - hadron colliders KW - √s=8 TeV KW - local supersymmetry Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149149 VL - 2015 IS - 982167 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fluri, Felix A1 - Schuhmann, Michael K A1 - Kleinschnitz, Christoph T1 - Animal models of ischemic stroke and their application in clinical research JF - Drug Design, Development and Therapy N2 - This review outlines the most frequently used rodent stroke models and discusses their strengths and shortcomings. Mimicking all aspects of human stroke in one animal model is not feasible because ischemic stroke in humans is a heterogeneous disorder with a complex pathophysiology. The transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model is one of the models that most closely simulate human ischemic stroke. Furthermore, this model is characterized by reliable and well-reproducible infarcts. Therefore, the MCAo model has been involved in the majority of studies that address pathophysiological processes or neuroprotective agents. Another model uses thromboembolic clots and thus is more convenient for investigating thrombolytic agents and pathophysiological processes after thrombolysis. However, for many reasons, preclinical stroke research has a low translational success rate. One factor might be the choice of stroke model. Whereas the therapeutic responsiveness of permanent focal stroke in humans declines significantly within 3 hours after stroke onset, the therapeutic window in animal models with prompt reperfusion is up to 12 hours, resulting in a much longer action time of the investigated agent. Another major problem of animal stroke models is that studies are mostly conducted in young animals without any comorbidity. These models differ from human stroke, which particularly affects elderly people who have various cerebrovascular risk factors. Choosing the most appropriate stroke model and optimizing the study design of preclinical trials might increase the translational potential of animal stroke models. KW - permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion KW - thromboembolic clot model KW - mouse KW - rat KW - microsphere/macrosphere KW - endothelin-1 KW - photothrombosis KW - thromboembolic stroke Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149157 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jurowich, Christian Ferdinand A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Rikkala, Prashanth Reddy A1 - Wagner, Nicole A1 - Vrhovac, Ivana A1 - Sabolić, Ivan A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Koepsell, Hermann T1 - Ileal interposition in rats with experimental type 2 like diabetes improves glycemic control independently of glucose absorption JF - Journal of Diabetes Research N2 - Bariatric operations in obese patients with type 2 diabetes often improve diabetes before weight loss is observed. In patients mainly Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass with partial stomach resection is performed. Duodenojejunal bypass (DJB) and ileal interposition (IIP) are employed in animal experiments. Due to increased glucose exposition of L-cells located in distal ileum, all bariatric surgery procedures lead to higher secretion of antidiabetic glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) after glucose gavage. After DJB also downregulation of Na\(^{+}\)-D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 was observed. This suggested a direct contribution of decreased glucose absorption to the antidiabetic effect of bariatric surgery. To investigate whether glucose absorption is also decreased after IIP, we induced diabetes with decreased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in male rats and investigated effects of IIP on diabetes and SGLT1. After IIP, we observed weight-independent improvement of glucose tolerance, increased insulin sensitivity, and increased plasma GLP-1 after glucose gavage. The interposed ileum was increased in diameter and showed increased length of villi, hyperplasia of the epithelial layer, and increased number of L-cells. The amount of SGLT1-mediated glucose uptake in interposed ileum was increased 2-fold reaching the same level as in jejunum. Thus, improvement of glycemic control by bariatric surgery does not require decreased glucose absorption. KW - glucagon like peptide-1 KW - food intake KW - body weight KW - cotransporter SGLT1 KW - bariatric surgery KW - biliopancreatic diversion KW - intestinal glucose KW - gut hormones KW - duodenal jejunal bypass KW - Y-gastric bypass Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149166 VL - 2015 IS - 490365 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šebeková, K. A1 - Stürmer, M. A1 - Fazeli, G. A1 - Bahner, U. A1 - Stäb, F. A1 - Heidland, A. T1 - Is vitamin D deficiency related to accumulation of advanced glycation end products, markers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in diabetic subjects? JF - BioMed Research International N2 - Objectives. In diabetes accumulated advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in the striking cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. We asked whether a hypovitaminosis D associates with an increased formation and toxicity of AGEs in diabetes. Methods. In 276 diabetics (160M/116 F, age: 65.0 ± 13.4; 43 type 1,T1DM, and 233 type 2 patients, T2DM) and 121 nondiabetic controls (60 M/61 F; age: 58.6 ± 15.5 years) routine biochemistry, levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D\(_{3}\) (25-(OH)D), skin autofluorescence (SAF), plasma AGE-associated fluorescence (AGE-FL), N\(^{ε}\) -(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE), soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 (sVAP-1), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and renal function (eGFR) were determined. Results. In the diabetics SAF and AGE-Fl were higher than those of the controls and correlated with age, duration of diabetes, and degree of renal impairment. In T2DM patients but not in T1DM the age-dependent rise of SAF directly correlated with hs-CRP and sVAP-1. 25-(OH)D levels in diabetics and nondiabetics were lowered to a similar degree averaging 22.5 ng/mL. No relationship between 25-(OH)D and studied markers except for sVAP-1 was observed in the diabetics. Conclusion. In diabetics hypovitaminosis D does not augment accumulation of AGEs and studied markers of microinflammation and oxidative stress except for sVAP-1. KW - vascular adhesion protein-1 KW - end-stage renal failure KW - microvascular complications KW - cardiovascular disease KW - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D\(_{3}\) KW - serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D KW - skin autofluorescence KW - beta cell function KW - sensitive amine oxidase Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149197 VL - 2015 IS - 958097 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shityakov, Sergey A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Förster, Carola T1 - Gene expression profiles and protein-protein interaction network analysis in AIDS patients with HIV-associated encephalitis and dementia JF - HIV/AIDS: Research and Palliative Care N2 - Central nervous system dysfunction is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome (AIDS). Patients with AIDS are usually affected by HIV-associated encephalitis (HIVE) with viral replication limited to cells of monocyte origin. To examine the molecular mechanisms underlying HIVE-induced dementia, the GSE4755 Affymetrix data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the samples from AIDS patients with and without apparent features of HIVE-induced dementia were identified. In addition, protein–protein interaction networks were constructed by mapping DEGs into protein–protein interaction data to identify the pathways that these DEGs are involved in. The results revealed that the expression of 1,528 DEGs is mainly involved in the immune response, regulation of cell proliferation, cellular response to inflammation, signal transduction, and viral replication cycle. Heat-shock protein alpha, class A member 1 (HSP90AA1), and fibronectin 1 were detected as hub nodes with degree values >130. In conclusion, the results indicate that HSP90A and fibronectin 1 play important roles in HIVE pathogenesis. KW - microarray KW - differentially expressed genes KW - protein-protein interaction network KW - gene ontology KW - encephalitis dementia KW - human immunodeficiency virus Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149494 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Filser, Jörg A1 - Dick, Anke A1 - Meyer, Thomas A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - von Rahden, Burkard H. A. T1 - Peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia in a 10-year-old male patient. JF - European Journal of Pediatric Surgery Reports N2 - Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a new endoscopic treatment for achalasia with very good short-term results in adults. Data about POEM in pediatric patients are missing. We present the case of a 10-year-old male patient with type I (classic) achalasia, successfully treated with POEM. The procedure was accomplished in a similar fashion to the technique used in adults. Short-term results were fine, with a complete control of dysphagia and absence of reflux. We suggest that POEM is a suitable option in pediatric patients—similar to adults—but long-term results must be awaited. KW - achalasia KW - POEM KW - peroral endoscopic myotomy KW - treatment Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149502 VL - 3 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klink, Thomas A1 - Sauer, Johannes A1 - Körber, Norbert J A1 - Grehn, Franz A1 - Much, Martin M A1 - Thederan, Luisa A1 - Matlach, Juliane A1 - Salgado, Josefina Parente T1 - Quality of life following glaucoma surgery: canaloplasty versus trabeculectomy JF - Clinical Ophthalmology N2 - Purpose: To evaluate quality of life (QoL) with a new questionnaire after canaloplasty (CP) and trabeculectomy (TE). Patients and methods: We assessed outcomes of surgery, rate of revision surgeries, patients’ mood, and influence of postoperative care on QoL, surgery interference with daily activities, and postsurgical complaints. Patients completed the QoL questionnaire 24 months after surgery. Results: Patients who underwent CP (n=175) were compared to TE patients (n=152). In the CP group, 57% of patients expressed high satisfaction, while 41% of patients in the TE group said they were highly satisfied. The satisfaction difference was statistically significant (P=0.034). Significantly fewer second surgeries were needed after CP (8% CP versus 35% TE, P<0.001). Patients were more positive in the CP group (54% CP versus 37% TE, P<0.009). Stress related to postoperative care was lower in the CP group compared to the TE group (14% versus 46%). Difficulties with activities of daily living, such as reading, were much lower or even nonexistent after CP, and complaints like eye burning or stinging were significantly lower in the CP group. Conclusions: Compared with TE, CP is associated with less QoL impairment and higher patient satisfaction after surgery. However, long-term data on intraocular pressure reduction after surgery are needed to confirm long-term patient satisfaction with this surgery. KW - glaucoma KW - postoperative care KW - glaucoma surgery KW - non-penetrating glaucoma surgery Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149520 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falibene, Augustina A1 - Roces, Flavio A1 - Rössler, Wolfgang T1 - Long-term avoidance memory formation is associated with a transient increase in mushroom body synaptic complexes in leaf-cutting ants JF - Frontiers in Behavioural Neuroscience N2 - Long-term behavioral changes related to learning and experience have been shown to be associated with structural remodeling in the brain. Leaf-cutting ants learn to avoid previously preferred plants after they have proved harmful for their symbiotic fungus, a process that involves long-term olfactory memory. We studied the dynamics of brain microarchitectural changes after long-term olfactory memory formation following avoidance learning in Acromyrmex ambiguus. After performing experiments to control for possible neuronal changes related to age and body size, we quantified synaptic complexes (microglomeruli, MG) in olfactory regions of the mushroom bodies (MB) at different times after learning. Long-term avoidance memory formation was associated with a transient change in MG densities. Two days after learning, MG density was higher than before learning. At days 4 and 15 after learning when ants still showed plant avoidance MG densities had decreased to the initial state. The structural reorganization of MG triggered by long-term avoidance memory formation clearly differed from changes promoted by pure exposure to and collection of novel plants with distinct odors. Sensory exposure by the simultaneous collection of several, instead of one, non-harmful plant species resulted in a decrease in MG densities in the olfactory lip. We hypothesize that while sensory exposure leads to MG pruning in the MB olfactory lip, the formation of long-term avoidance memory involves an initial growth of new MG followed by subsequent pruning. KW - Acromyrmex ambiguus KW - leaf-cutting ants KW - avoidance learning KW - olfaction KW - honeybee KW - microglomeruli KW - mushroom body KW - synaptic plasticity Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148763 VL - 9 IS - 84 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogl, Silvia A1 - Lutz, Roman W. A1 - Schönfelder, Gilbert A1 - Lutz, Werner K. T1 - CYP2C9 genotype vs. metabolic phenotype for individual drug dosing - a correlation analysis using flurbiprofen as probe drug JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Currently, genotyping of patients for polymorphic enzymes responsible for metabolic elimination is considered a possibility to adjust drug dose levels. For a patient to profit from this procedure, the interindividual differences in drug metabolism within one genotype should be smaller than those between different genotypes. We studied a large cohort of healthy young adults (283 subjects), correlating their CYP2C9 genotype to a simple phenotyping metric, using flurbiprofen as probe drug. Genotyping was conducted for CYP2C9*1, *2, *3. The urinary metabolic ratio MR (concentration of CYP2C9-dependent metabolite divided by concentration of flurbiprofen) determined two hours after flurbiprofen (8.75 mg) administration served as phenotyping metric. Linear statistical models correlating genotype and phenotype provided highly significant allele-specific MR estimates of 0.596 for the wild type allele CYP2C9*1, 0.405 for CYP2C9*2 (68 % of wild type), and 0.113 for CYP2C9*3 (19 % of wild type). If these estimates were used for flurbiprofen dose adjustment, taking 100 % for genotype *1/*1, an average reduction to 84 %, 60 %, 68 %, 43 %, and 19% would result for genotype *1/*2, *1/*3, *2/*2, *2/*3, and *3/*3, respectively. Due to the large individual variation within genotypes with coefficients of variation >= 20% and supposing the normal distribution, one in three individuals would be out of the average optimum dose by more than 20 %, one in 20 would be 40% off. Whether this problem also applies to other CYPs and other drugs has to be investigated case by case. Our data for the given example, however, puts the benefit of individual drug dosing to question, if it is exclusively based on genotype. KW - cytochrome P450 2C9 KW - warfarin polymorphisms KW - tolbutamide substrate KW - impact pharmacogenetics KW - 4'-hydroxylation KW - allelic variant KW - liver microsomes Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148783 VL - 10 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zinner, Christoph A1 - Sperlich, Billy A1 - Krueger, Malte A1 - Focke, Tim A1 - Reed, Jennifer A1 - Mester, Joachim T1 - Strength, Endurance, Throwing Velocity and in-Water Jump Performance of Elite German Water Polo Players JF - Journal of Human Kinetics N2 - The purpose of this study was threefold: 1) to assess the eggbeater kick and throwing performance using a number of water polo specific tests, 2) to explore the relation between the eggbeater kick and throwing performance, and 3) to investigate the relation between the eggbeater kick in the water and strength tests performed in a controlled laboratory setting in elite water polo players. Fifteen male water polo players of the German National Team completed dynamic and isometric strength tests for muscle groups (adductor, abductor, abdominal, pectoralis) frequently used during water polo. After these laboratory strength tests, six water polo specific in-water tests were conducted. The eggbeater kick assessed leg endurance and agility, maximal throwing velocity and jump height. A 400 m test and a sprint test examined aerobic and anaerobic performance. The strongest correlation was found between jump height and arm length (p < 0.001, r = 0.89). The laboratory diagnostics of important muscles showed positive correlations with the results of the in-water tests (p < 0.05, r = 0.52-0.70). Muscular strength of the adductor, abdominal and pectoralis muscles was positively related to in-water endurance agility as assessed by the eggbeater kick (p < 0.05; r = 0.53-0.66). Findings from the current study emphasize the need to assess indices of water polo performance both in and out of the water as well as the relation among these parameters to best assess the complex profile of water polo players. KW - physiological characteristics KW - cinematographic analysis KW - penalty throw KW - strength KW - jump height KW - team sports KW - diagnostics KW - anaerobic and aerobic testing Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148812 VL - 45 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geffers, Martha A1 - Groll, Jürgen A1 - Gbureck, Uwe T1 - Reinforcement strategies for load-bearing calcium phosphate biocements JF - Materials N2 - Calcium phosphate biocements based on calcium phosphate chemistry are well-established biomaterials for the repair of non-load bearing bone defects due to the brittle nature and low flexural strength of such cements. This article features reinforcement strategies of biocements based on various intrinsic or extrinsic material modifications to improve their strength and toughness. Altering particle size distribution in conjunction with using liquefiers reduces the amount of cement liquid necessary for cement paste preparation. This in turn decreases cement porosity and increases the mechanical performance, but does not change the brittle nature of the cements. The use of fibers may lead to a reinforcement of the matrix with a toughness increase of up to two orders of magnitude, but restricts at the same time cement injection for minimal invasive application techniques. A novel promising approach is the concept of dual-setting cements, in which a second hydrogel phase is simultaneously formed during setting, leading to more ductile cement-hydrogel composites with largely unaffected application properties. KW - in vitro KW - synergistic reinforcement KW - dihydrate cement KW - porosity KW - mechanical properties KW - dual setting KW - calcium phosphate cements KW - fiber reinforcement KW - polyacrylic acid KW - compressive strength KW - balloon kyphoplasty KW - brushite cement KW - bone cement Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148636 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiedmann, Silke A1 - Heuschmann, Peter U. A1 - Hermanek, Peter T1 - In reply: The quality of acute stroke treatment-an analysis of evidence-based indicators in 260 000 patients JF - Deutsches Aerzteblatt International N2 - No abstract available. KW - acute stroke KW - treatment Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148666 VL - 112 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sauer, C A1 - Wießner, M A1 - Schöll, A A1 - Reinert, F T1 - Observation of a molecule-metal interface charge transfer related feature by resonant photoelectron spectroscopy JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - We report the discovery of a charge transfer (CT) related low binding energy feature at a molecule-metal interface by the application of resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (RPES). This interface feature is neither present for molecular bulk samples nor for the clean substrate. A detailed analysis of the spectroscopic signature of the low binding energy feature shows characteristics of electronic interaction not found in other electron spectroscopic techniques. Within a cluster model description this feature is assigned to a particular eigenstate of the photoionized system that is invisible in direct photoelectron spectroscopy but revealed in RPES through a relative resonant enhancement. Interpretations based on considering only the predominant character of the eigenstates explain the low binding energy feature by an occupied lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, which is either realized through CT in the ground or in the intermediate state. This reveals that molecule-metal CT is responsible for this feature. Consequently, our study demonstrates the sensitivity of RPES to electronic interactions and constitutes a new way to investigate CT at molecule-metal interfaces. KW - transfer dynamics KW - photoemission KW - states KW - interface KW - charge transfer KW - organic thin films KW - resonant photoelectron spectroscopy KW - energy KW - model calculation KW - NEXAFS spectroscopy KW - ce compounds KW - absorption Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148672 VL - 17 IS - 043016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Albert, Christa A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Jörg, Gerhard A1 - Samnick, Samuel A1 - Einsele, Herrmann A1 - Knop, Stefan A1 - Buck, Andreas K. T1 - \(^{11}\)C-Methionine-PET: a novel and sensitive tool for monitoring of early response to treatment in multiple myeloma JF - Oncotarget N2 - Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an essentially incurable hematologic malignancy. However, new treatment modalities and novel drugs have been introduced and thus additional tools for therapy monitoring are increasingly needed. Therefore, we evaluated the radiotracers \(^{11}\)C-Methionine (paraprotein-biosynthesis) and \(^{18}\)F-FDG (glucose-utilization) for monitoring response to anti-myeloma-therapy and outcome prediction. Influence of proteasome-inhibition on radiotracer-uptake of different MM cell-lines and patient-derived CD138\(^{+}\) plasma cells was analyzed and related to tumor-biology. Mice xenotransplanted with MM. 1S tumors underwent MET- and FDG-\(\mu\)PET. Tumor-to-background ratios before and after 24 h, 8 and 15 days treatment with bortezomib were correlated to survival. Treatment reduced both MET and FDG uptake; changes in tracer-retention correlated with a switch from high to low CD138-expression. In xenotransplanted mice, MET-uptake significantly decreased by 30-79% as early as 24 h after bortezomib injection. No significant differences were detected thus early with FDG. This finding was confirmed in patient-derived MM cells. Importantly, early reduction of MET-but not FDG-uptake correlated with improved survival and reduced tumor burden in mice. Our results suggest that MET is superior to FDG in very early assessment of response to anti-myeloma-therapy. Early changes in MET-uptake have predictive potential regarding response and survival. MET-PET holds promise to individualize therapies in MM in future. KW - positron emission tomography KW - imaging techniques KW - experience KW - \(^{11}\)C-Methionine-PET KW - treatment response KW - molecular imaging KW - multiple myeloma KW - management KW - \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT KW - bone disease KW - stem-cell transplantation KW - esophagogastric junction Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148688 VL - 6 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hausmann, Stefan A1 - Brandt, Evelyn A1 - Köchel, Carolin A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Bargou, Ralf C. A1 - Seggewiss-Bernhardt, Ruth A1 - Stühmer, Thorsten T1 - Loss of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 3 (SGK3) does not affect proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma cell lines JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Multiple myeloma (MM) is a generally fatal plasma cell cancer that often shows activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway. Targeted pharmacologic therapies, however, have not yet progressed beyond the clinical trial stage, and given the complexity of the PI3K/Akt signalling system (e.g. multiple protein isoforms, diverse feedback regulation mechanisms, strong variability between patients) it is mandatory to characterise its ramifications in order to better guide informed decisions about the best therapeutic approaches. Here we explore whether serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 3 (SGK3), a potential downstream effector of PI3K, plays a role in oncogenic signalling in MM cells-either in concert with or independent of Akt. SGK3 was expressed in all MM cell lines and in all primary MM samples tested. Four MM cell lines representing a broad range of intrinsic Akt activation (very strong: MM. 1s, moderate: L 363 and JJN-3, absent: AMO-1) were chosen to test the effects of transient SGK3 knockdown alone and in combination with pharmacological inhibition of Akt, PI3K-p110\(\alpha\), or in the context of serum starvation. Although the electroporation protocol led to strong SGK3 depletion for at least 5 days its absence had no substantial effect on the activation status of potential downstream substrates, or on the survival, viability or proliferation of MM cells in all experimental contexts tested. We conclude that it is unlikely that SGK3 plays a significant role for oncogenic signalling in multiple myeloma. KW - Akt KW - phosphorylation KW - downstream KW - mechanism KW - pathway KW - isoforms KW - activation KW - cancer KW - inhibition KW - phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148708 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Phillips, Jane A. A1 - Chan, Angela A1 - Paeschke, Katrin A1 - Zakian, Virginia A. T1 - The Pif1 helicase, a negative regulator of telomerase, acts preferentially at long telomeres JF - PLoS Genetics N2 - Telomerase, the enzyme that maintains telomeres, preferentially lengthens short telomeres. The S. cerevisiae Pif1 DNA helicase inhibits both telomerase-mediated telomere lengthening and de novo telomere addition at double strand breaks (DSB). Here, we report that the association of the telomerase subunits Est2 and Est1 at a DSB was increased in the absence of Pif1, as it is at telomeres, suggesting that Pif1 suppresses de novo telomere addition by removing telomerase from the break. To determine how the absence of Pif1 results in telomere lengthening, we used the single telomere extension assay (STEX), which monitors lengthening of individual telomeres in a single cell cycle. In the absence of Pif1, telomerase added significantly more telomeric DNA, an average of 72 nucleotides per telomere compared to the 45 nucleotides in wild type cells, and the fraction of telomeres lengthened increased almost four-fold. Using an inducible short telomere assay, Est2 and Est1 no longer bound preferentially to a short telomere in pif1 mutant cells while binding of Yku80, a telomere structural protein, was unaffected by the status of the PIF1 locus. Two experiments demonstrate that Pif1 binding is affected by telomere length: Pif1 (but not Yku80) -associated telomeres were 70 bps longer than bulk telomeres, and in the inducible short telomere assay, Pif1 bound better to wild type length telomeres than to short telomeres. Thus, preferential lengthening of short yeast telomeres is achieved in part by targeting the negative regulator Pif1 to long telomeres. KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomeres KW - DNA helicase KW - Pol II KW - in vitro KW - genome instability KW - yeast telomerase KW - G-quadruplex motifs KW - elongation KW - length KW - replication Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148722 VL - 11 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stijnis, Kees A1 - Dijkmans, Anneke C. A1 - Bart, Aldert A1 - Brosens, Lodewijk A. A. A1 - Muntau, Birgit A1 - Schoen, Christoph A1 - Barth, Thomas F. A1 - van Gulik, Thomas A1 - van Gool, Tom A1 - Grobusch, Martin P. A1 - Tappe, Dennis T1 - Echinococcus vogeli in Immigrant from Suriname to the Netherlands JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases KW - alveolar echinococcosis KW - monoclonal antibody KW - multilocularis Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143953 VL - 21 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Luger, Sebastian A1 - Hohmann, Carina A1 - Niemann, Daniela A1 - Kraft, Peter A1 - Gunreben, Ignaz A1 - Neumann-Haefelin, Tobias A1 - Kleinschnitz, Christoph A1 - Steinmetz, Helmuth A1 - Foerch, Christian A1 - Pfeilschifter, Waltraud T1 - Adherence to oral anticoagulant therapy in secondary stroke prevention - impact of the novel oral anticoagulants JF - Patient Preference and Adherence N2 - Background: Oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) potently prevents strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) have been the standard of care for long-term OAT for decades, but non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOAC) have recently been approved for this indication, and raised many questions, among them their influence on medication adherence. We assessed adherence to VKA and NOAC in secondary stroke prevention. Methods: All patients treated from October 2011 to September 2012 for ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack with a subsequent indication for OAT, at three academic hospitals were entered into a prospective registry, and baseline data and antithrombotic treatment at discharge were recorded. At the 1-year follow-up, we assessed the adherence to different OAT strategies and patients' adherence to their respective OAT. We noted OAT changes, reasons to change treatment, and factors that influence persistence to the prescribed OAT. Results: In patients discharged on OAT, we achieved a fatality corrected response rate of 73.3% (n=209). A total of 92% of these patients received OAT at the 1-year follow-up. We observed good adherence to both VKA and NOAC (VKA, 80.9%; NOAC, 74.8%; P=0.243) with a statistically nonsignificant tendency toward a weaker adherence to dabigatran. Disability at 1-year follow-up was an independent predictor of lower adherence to any OAT after multivariate analysis, whereas the choice of OAT did not have a relevant influence. Conclusion: One-year adherence to OAT after stroke is strong (>90%) and patients who switch therapy most commonly switch toward another OAT. The 1-year adherence rates to VKA and NOAC in secondary stroke prevention do not differ significantly between both therapeutic strategies. KW - transient ischemic attack KW - adherence KW - non-VKA oral anticoagulants KW - vitamin K antagonists KW - prevention KW - stroke KW - atrial fibrillation KW - warfarin KW - guidelines KW - scale Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144477 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Preising, Christina A1 - Schneider, Reinhard A1 - Bucher, Michael A1 - Gekle, Michael A1 - Sauvant, Christoph T1 - Regulation of expression of renal organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 in a model of ischemia/reperfusion injury JF - Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry N2 - Background: Recently, we gained evidence that impairment of rOat1 and rOat3 expression induced by ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is mediated by COX metabolites and this suppression might be critically involved in renal damage. Methods: (i) Basolateral organic anion uptake into proximal tubular cells after model ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) was investigated by fluorescein uptake. The putative promoter sequences from hOAT1 (SLC22A6) and hOAT3 (SCL22A8) were cloned into a reporter plasmid, transfected into HEK cells and (ii) transcriptional activity was determined after model ischemia and reperfusion as a SEAP reporter gen assay. Inhibitors or antagonists were applied with the beginning of reperfusion. Results: By using inhibitors of PKA (H89) and PLC (U73122), antagonists of E prostanoid receptor type 2 (AH6809) and type 4 (L161,982), we gained evidence that I/R induced down regulation of organic anion transport is mediated by COX1 metabolites via E prostanoid receptor type 4. The latter signaling was confirmed by application of butaprost (EP2 agonist) or TCS2510 (EP4 agonist) to control cells. In brief, the latter signaling was verified for the transcriptional activity in the reporter gen assay established. Therein, selective inhibitors for COX1 (SC58125) and COX2 (SC560) were also applied. Conclusion: Our data show (a) that COX1 metabolites are involved in the regulation of renal organic anion transport(ers) after I/R via the EP4 receptor and (b) that this is due to transcriptional regulation of the respective transporters. As the promoter sequences cloned were of human origin and expressed in a human renal epithelial cell line we (c) hypothesize that the regulatory mechanisms described after I/R is meaningful for humans as well. KW - opossum kidney cells KW - prostaglandin e2 KW - reperfusion KW - transport experiments KW - translation KW - reporter gen assay KW - cloning of putative human promoter sequence KW - regulation of expression KW - OAT1 KW - OAT3 KW - OK cells KW - ischemic acute kidney injury model KW - HEK cells KW - ischemia KW - down regulation KW - nitric oxide KW - cellular physiology KW - cortical OAT1 KW - blood flow Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144504 VL - 37 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Beat A1 - Kuonen, Pierre A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Atlan, David T1 - DNAseq workflow in a diagnostic context and an example of a user friendly implementation JF - BioMed Research International N2 - Over recent years next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies evolved from costly tools used by very few, to a much more accessible and economically viable technology. Through this recently gained popularity, its use-cases expanded from research environments into clinical settings. But the technical know-how and infrastructure required to analyze the data remain an obstacle for a wider adoption of this technology, especially in smaller laboratories. We present GensearchNGS, a commercial DNAseq software suite distributed by Phenosystems SA. The focus of GensearchNGS is the optimal usage of already existing infrastructure, while keeping its use simple. This is achieved through the integration of existing tools in a comprehensive software environment, as well as custom algorithms developed with the restrictions of limited infrastructures in mind. This includes the possibility to connect multiple computers to speed up computing intensive parts of the analysis such as sequence alignments. We present a typical DNAseq workflow for NGS data analysis and the approach GensearchNGS takes to implement it. The presented workflow goes from raw data quality control to the final variant report. This includes features such as gene panels and the integration of online databases, like Ensembl for annotations or Cafe Variome for variant sharing. KW - next generation sequencing KW - genome browser KW - mutation KW - algorithm KW - database KW - format KW - discovery KW - exome KW - variants KW - alignment Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144527 IS - 403497 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orth, Martin F. A1 - Cazes, Alex A1 - Butt, Elke A1 - Grunewald, Thomas G. P. T1 - An update on the LIM and SH3 domain protein 1 (LASP1): a versatile structural, signaling, and biomarker protein JF - Oncotarget N2 - The gene encoding the LIM and SH3 domain protein (LASP1) was cloned two decades ago from a cDNA library of breast cancer metastases. As the first protein of a class comprising one N-terminal LIM and one C-terminal SH3 domain, LASP1 founded a new LIM-protein subfamily of the nebulin group. Since its discovery LASP1 proved to be an extremely versatile protein because of its exceptional structure allowing interaction with various binding partners, its ubiquitous expression in normal tissues, albeit with distinct expression patterns, and its ability to transmit signals from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. As a result, LASP1 plays key roles in cell structure, physiological processes, and cell signaling. Furthermore, LASP1 overexpression contributes to cancer aggressiveness hinting to a potential value of LASP1 as a cancer biomarker. In this review we summarize published data on structure, regulation, function, and expression pattern of LASP1, with a focus on its role in human cancer and as a biomarker protein. In addition, we provide a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of published microarrays (n=2,780) that illustrates the expression profile of LASP1 in normal tissues and its overexpression in a broad range of human cancer entities. KW - LASP1 KW - cancer KW - biomarker KW - microRNA KW - nucleo-cytoplasmic Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144546 VL - 6 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanco, Ignacio A1 - Kuchenbaecker, Karoline A1 - Cuadras, Daniel A1 - Wang, Xianshu A1 - Barrowdale, Daniel A1 - Ruiz de Garibay, Gorka A1 - Librado, Pablo A1 - Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro A1 - Rozas, Julio A1 - Bonifaci, Núria A1 - McGuffog, Lesley A1 - Pankratz, Vernon S. A1 - Islam, Abul A1 - Mateo, Francesca A1 - Berenguer, Antoni A1 - Petit, Anna A1 - Català, Isabel A1 - Brunet, Joan A1 - Feliubadaló, Lidia A1 - Tornero, Eva A1 - Benítez, Javier A1 - Osorio, Ana A1 - Ramón y Cajal, Teresa A1 - Nevanlinna, Heli A1 - Aittomäki, Kristina A1 - Arun, Banu K. A1 - Toland, Amanda E. A1 - Karlan, Beth Y. A1 - Walsh, Christine A1 - Lester, Jenny A1 - Greene, Mark H. A1 - Mai, Phuong L. A1 - Nussbaum, Robert L. A1 - Andrulis, Irene L. A1 - Domchek, Susan M. A1 - Nathanson, Katherine L. A1 - Rebbeck, Timothy R. A1 - Barkardottir, Rosa B. A1 - Jakubowska, Anna A1 - Lubinski, Jan A1 - Durda, Katarzyna A1 - Jaworska-Bieniek, Katarzyna A1 - Claes, Kathleen A1 - Van Maerken, Tom A1 - Díez, Orland A1 - Hansen, Thomas V. A1 - Jønson, Lars A1 - Gerdes, Anne-Marie A1 - Ejlertsen, Bent A1 - De la Hoya, Miguel A1 - Caldés, Trinidad A1 - Dunning, Alison M. A1 - Oliver, Clare A1 - Fineberg, Elena A1 - Cook, Margaret A1 - Peock, Susan A1 - McCann, Emma A1 - Murray, Alex A1 - Jacobs, Chris A1 - Pichert, Gabriella A1 - Lalloo, Fiona A1 - Chu, Carol A1 - Dorkins, Huw A1 - Paterson, Joan A1 - Ong, Kai-Ren A1 - Teixeira, Manuel R. A1 - Hogervorst, Frans B. L. A1 - Van der Hout, Annemarie H. A1 - Seynaeve, Caroline A1 - Van der Luijt, Rob B. A1 - Ligtenberg, Marjolijn J. L. A1 - Devilee, Peter A1 - Wijnen, Juul T. A1 - Rookus, Matti A. A1 - Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne E. J. A1 - Blok, Marinus J. A1 - Van den Ouweland, Ans M. W. A1 - Aalfs, Cora M. A1 - Rodriguez, Gustavo C. A1 - Phillips, Kelly-Anne A. A1 - Piedmonte, Marion A1 - Nerenstone, Stacy R. A1 - Bae-Jump, Victoria L. A1 - O'Malley, David M. A1 - Schmutzler, Rita K. A1 - Wappenschmidt, Barbara A1 - Rhiem, Kerstin A1 - Engel, Christoph A1 - Meindl, Alfons A1 - Ditsch, Nina A1 - Arnold, Norbert A1 - Plendl, Hansjoerg J. A1 - Niederacher, Dieter A1 - Sutter, Christian A1 - Wang-Gohrke, Shan A1 - Steinemann, Doris A1 - Preisler-Adams, Sabine A1 - Kast, Karin A1 - Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda A1 - Gehrig, Andrea A1 - Bojesen, Anders A1 - Pedersen, Inge Sokilde A1 - Sunde, Lone A1 - Birk Jensen, Uffe A1 - Thomassen, Mads A1 - Kruse, Torben A. A1 - Foretova, Lenka A1 - Peterlongo, Paolo A1 - Bernard, Loris A1 - Peissel, Bernard A1 - Scuvera, Giulietta A1 - Manoukian, Siranoush A1 - Radice, Paolo A1 - Ottini, Laura A1 - Montagna, Marco A1 - Agata, Simona A1 - Maugard, Christine A1 - Simard, Jacques A1 - Soucy, Penny A1 - Berger, Andreas A1 - Fink-Retter, Anneliese A1 - Singer, Christian F. A1 - Rappaport, Christine A1 - Geschwantler-Kaulich, Daphne A1 - Tea, Muy-Kheng A1 - Pfeiler, Georg A1 - John, Esther M. A1 - Miron, Alex A1 - Neuhausen, Susan L. A1 - Terry, Mary Beth A1 - Chung, Wendy K. A1 - Daly, Mary B. A1 - Goldgar, David E. A1 - Janavicius, Ramunas A1 - Dorfling, Cecilia M. A1 - Van Rensburg, Elisabeth J. A1 - Fostira, Florentia A1 - Konstantopoulou, Irene A1 - Garber, Judy A1 - Godwin, Andrew K. A1 - Olah, Edith A1 - Narod, Steven A. A1 - Rennert, Gad A1 - Paluch, Shani Shimon A1 - Laitman, Yael A1 - Friedman, Eitan A1 - Liljegren, Annelie A1 - Rantala, Johanna A1 - Stenmark-Askmalm, Marie A1 - Loman, Niklas A1 - Imyanitov, Evgeny N. A1 - Hamann, Ute A1 - Spurdle, Amanda B. A1 - Healey, Sue A1 - Weitzel, Jeffrey N. A1 - Herzog, Josef A1 - Margileth, David A1 - Gorrini, Chiara A1 - Esteller, Manel A1 - Gómez, Antonio A1 - Sayols, Sergi A1 - Vidal, Enrique A1 - Heyn, Holger A1 - Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique A1 - Léoné, Melanie A1 - Barjhoux, Laure A1 - Fassy-Colcombet, Marion A1 - Pauw, Antoine de A1 - Lasset, Christine A1 - Fert Ferrer, Sandra A1 - Castera, Laurent A1 - Berthet, Pascaline A1 - Cornelis, François A1 - Bignon, Yves-Jean A1 - Damiola, Francesca A1 - Mazoyer, Sylvie A1 - Sinilnikova, Olga M. A1 - Maxwell, Christopher A. A1 - Vijai, Joseph A1 - Robson, Mark A1 - Kauff, Noah A1 - Corines, Marina J. A1 - Villano, Danylko A1 - Cunningham, Julie A1 - Lee, Adam A1 - Lindor, Noralane A1 - Lázaro, Conxi A1 - Easton, Douglas F. A1 - Offit, Kenneth A1 - Chenevix-Trench, Georgia A1 - Couch, Fergus J. A1 - Antoniou, Antonis C. A1 - Pujana, Miguel Angel T1 - Assessing associations between the AURKA-HMMR-TPX2-TUBG1 functional module and breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers JF - PLoS ONE N2 - While interplay between BRCA1 and AURKA-RHAMM-TPX2-TUBG1 regulates mammary epithelial polarization, common genetic variation in HMMR (gene product RHAMM) may be associated with risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Following on these observations, we further assessed the link between the AURKA-HMMR-TPX2-TUBG1 functional module and risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. Forty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 15,252 BRCA1 and 8,211 BRCA2 mutation carriers and subsequently analyzed using a retrospective likelihood approach. The association of HMMR rs299290 with breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers was confirmed: per-allele hazard ratio (HR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 - 1.15, p = 1.9 x 10\(^{-4}\) (false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p = 0.043). Variation in CSTF1, located next to AURKA, was also found to be associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers: rs2426618 per-allele HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.16, p = 0.005 (FDR-adjusted p = 0.045). Assessment of pairwise interactions provided suggestions (FDR-adjusted p\(_{interaction}\) values > 0.05) for deviations from the multiplicative model for rs299290 and CSTF1 rs6064391, and rs299290 and TUBG1 rs11649877 in both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Following these suggestions, the expression of HMMR and AURKA or TUBG1 in sporadic breast tumors was found to potentially interact, influencing patients' survival. Together, the results of this study support the hypothesis of a causative link between altered function of AURKA-HMMR-TPX2-TUBG1 and breast carcinogenesis in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. KW - genetic interaction networks KW - genome-wide association KW - expression signature KW - susceptibility loci KW - survival KW - modifiers KW - polymorphism KW - cell KW - chip-seq KW - elements Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143469 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER -