TY - THES A1 - Bär, Isabel T1 - Einsatz biokompatibler Polymermembranen zur Therapie kongenitaler Bauchwanddefekte im Rattenmodell T1 - Macrostructured biocompatible scaffolds for the therapy of congenital abdominal wall defects: Collagen-Mesh versus PEG-Polymers – a rat model N2 - Kongenitale Bauchwanddefekte sind dramatische Fehlbildungen der vorderen Bauchwand. Zu den Defekten gehören neben der Nabelhernie und dem Blasenextrophie-Komplex im engeren Sinne die Gastroschisis und die Omphalozele. Die Therapie stellt die behandelnden Kinderchirurgen und Neonatologen vor eine große Herausforderung. Methode der Wahl ist der primär operative Bauchdeckenverschluss. Falls aufgrund der Größe des abdominellen Defekts oder der viszeroabdominellen Diskrepanz ein primärer Verschluss nicht möglich ist, wird eine Schusterplastik angelegt oder ein Patch implantiert. Bei den Implantaten unterscheidet man nicht-resorbierbare Materialien wie Polypropylen und Polytetrafluorethylene (GoreTex®) von resorbierbaren Patchs wie zum Beispiel humane Dura, porkine Dünndarmsubmukosa, oder azellularisiertes Rinderperikard (Lyoplant®). Die Ansprüche an ein solches Implantat sind hoch und das perfekte Material wurde bis heute noch nicht gefunden. Ideale Eigenschaften sind eine gute Handhabung und Nähbarkeit, Resorbierbarkeit, Anti-Adhäsivität zum Intestinum, Stabilität und Elastizität sowie die Transplantatakzeptanz. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Etablierung bipolarer Polymermembranen zur sicheren und effektiven Therapie kongenitaler Bauchwanddfekten im Rattenmodell. Bei den Polymermembranen handelt es sich um zweischichtige Implantate, welche aus einem Film und einem aufgesponnen Vlies bestehen. Der Film besteht aus dem Resomer LR708, dem linearen PEG-PLA und dem Polyurethan CW1681. Der mittels Electrospinning auf den Film aufgebrachte Vlies ist aus reinem PLA. Die Implantate sind zwischen 20 und 67 µm dick. Als Vergleich diente das bereits im Klein- und Großtiermodell von Meyer et al. etablierte Kollagen-Mesh Lyoplant®. Als Versuchstiere des Experiments dienten n=34 männliche Wistar Furth Ratten, denen intraoperativ ein 2 x 2 cm großer Bauchwanddefekt zugeführt wurde, der anschließend mit einem gleich großen Patch verschlossen wurde. N=25 Tiere erhielten eine bipolare Polymermebran, n=2 Tiere Lyoplant und n=7 Ratten dienten zur Kontrolle. Nach 21 Tagen fand ein erneuter Eingriff statt. Hierbei wurde das Implantat samt umliegendem Gewebe explantiert und histologisch ausgewertet. Neben der Gewichtszunahme wurden die Ratten auf die Bildung von Hernien und intraabdominellen Adhäsionen sowie auf histologische Veränderungen untersucht. Von n=34 Ratten verstarben n=9 aus unterschiedlichen Gründen. Alle explantierten Wistar Furth Ratten (n=25) zeigten im dreiwöchigen postoperativen Verlauf (Δt=3 Wochen) physiologische Gewichtskurven. Alle Ratten mit Polymer-Implantat entwickelten im dreiwöchigen Verlauf eine abdominelle Hernie sowie Adhäsionen. Eine Zellinfiltration und Gefäßeinsprossung im Sinne einer Neovaskularisation konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die histologische Auswertung ergab eine bindegewebige Veränderung im angren-zenden Gewebe, die zusammen mit der immunhistochemisch gesicherten hohen Anzahl an CD68 positiven Zellen (Makrophagen) einer Immunreaktion über den TH1-Pathway entspricht. Bei fehlender Integration in das Gewebe, kommt dies einer Implantatabstoßung gleich. In den Tieren mit Lyoplant® konnten wir die Ergebnisse von Meyer et al. bestätigen. Zusammenfassend ist zu sagen, dass die bipolaren Polymermembranen viele Eigenschaften eines idealen biokompatiblen Materials erfüllen, jedoch aufgrund der fehlenden mechanischen Stabilität nicht zur Therapie von kongenitalen Bauchwanddefekten geeignet sind. Lyoplant® hingegen erwies sich in Bezug auf fehlende Hernienbildung und Adhäsionen, Gefäßeinsprossung und Trans-plantatakzeptanz im Vergleich zu den Polymeren als äußerst gut geeignetes Material. Um das operative Ergebnis weiter zu perfektionieren, könnte die Besiedelung des Kollagen-Meshs mit Stammzellen experimentell getestet werden. Inwieweit Lyoplant® dann für die Therapie der kongenitalen Bauchwanddefekte geeignet ist, müssen weitere klinische Studien zeigen. N2 - Background: Congenital defects of the abdominal wall propose a challenging problem for pediatric surgeons. Today because of improved clinical know-how and the possibility of early operative intervention, the survival rates are about 90-100%. However, the long-range outcome is limited by an intense cicatrization and a loss of function in the replaced tissue. One of the key reasons is the lack of appropriate material for wound closure, which guarantees a high mechanical stability and is accepted by the children’s immune system. Furthermore, it should be absorbable to prevent other operations. Methods: In cooperation with the Department of FMZ we fabricated different kinds of PEG-PLA-copolymers and implantated these in an abdominal wall defect rat model, in comparison a biocompatible collagen-mesh was used. After 3 weeks, the abdomen was reopened and checked for adhesions. Afterwards the initial implant and the neighboring host tissue were resected for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Results: There were no technical difficulties in implanting all the different materials. Neither the rats with the collagen-mesh nor the control group’s animals developed a hernia. Adhesions were found in the animals with PEG-PLA copolymers. There were no adhesions in rats with collagen-mesh. The PLA-copolymers did not show any signs of cell infiltration or neovascularization, whereas the collagen-mesh did. The light microscopic analysis of the PEG-PLA copolymers didn’t show any cell infiltration in H&E or Goldner’s stain. However, the collagen-mesh presented cell infiltration and neovascularization. Conclusion: In summary, PEG-Polymers have many properties of an ideal biocompatible material but do not possess the most important property, namely, sufficient mechanical stability. Again, the collagen-mesh successfully proved its suitability. In comparison to the PEG-Polymers, it convinced in the endpoints adhesion, abdominal hernia, transplant acceptance with neovascularization and cell infiltration. KW - Bauchwand KW - Therapie KW - biokompatibel KW - kongenital KW - Bauchwanddefekt KW - biokompatibel KW - Polymermembran Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154161 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hahlbrock, Theresa T1 - Das onkologische Supportivprodukt Avemar: Untersuchungen zum antiproliferativen und antimetabolischen Effekt an humanen gastrointestinalen Tumorzellen T1 - Studies on the antiproliferative and antimetabolic effect of the dietary supplement Avemar on human gastrointestinal tumor cells N2 - Unter dem Namen Avemar sind fermentierte Weizenkeimlinge als onkologisches Supportivprodukt erhältlich. Der hohe Anteil an 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzochinonen (DMBQ) in Avemar soll für das \(in\) \(vitro\) und \(in\) \(vivo\) belegte antikanzerogene Potential verantwortlich sein. DMBQ wirken über Semichinonradikale bzw. durch Ausbildung von reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies (ROS) und Induktion von oxidativem Stress zytotoxisch. Da Tumorzellen empfindlicher auf oxidativen Stress reagieren als gesunde Zellen, kann dies die selektive zytotoxische Wirkung von Avemar erklären. Die Beteiligung von DMBQ am antiproliferativen Effekt von Avemar und die Wirkung von Avemar auf den Stoffwechsel maligner Zellen sind derzeit nicht eindeutig geklärt. Die antiproliferativen Eigenschaften von Avemar und DMBQ als Reinsubstanz wurden miteinander verglichen. Hierzu wurden DMBQ in einer zu Avemar mit 0,04% Benzochinonen äquimolaren Konzentration von 24 μmol/L eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit lassen den Schluss zu, dass der starke zytotoxische Effekt von Avemar bei BxPc-3 Zellen auf einen DMBQ-induzierten oxidativen Stress zurückzuführen ist. Im Vergleich zur unbehandelten Kontrolle wurde für BxPc-3 Zellen bei der Inkubation mit DMBQ eine 20-fache bzw. mit Avemar eine 40-fache Zunahme des ROS-Indikators 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein gemessen. Im Westernblot ließ sich bei BxPc-3 Zellen das Enzym DT-Diaphorase, welches die Zellen vor Benzochinon-induziertem oxidativem Stress schützt, nicht nachweisen. In Zellen der anderen beiden Zelllinien konnte das Enzym nachgewiesen werden. Das mangelnde Schutzsystem gegenüber DMBQ-induziertem oxidativen Stress könnte demzufolge den DMBQ vermittelten zytotoxischen Effekt von Avemar in BxPc-3 Zellen erklären. Zusätzlich zum zytotoxischen Effekt wies Avemar zwei weitere antiproliferative Effekte auf: Zytostase bei 23132/87 Zellen und Wachstumsverzögerung bei HRT-18 Zellen. Beide antiproliferativen Effekte waren auf die Beeinflussung des Zellmetabolismus zurückzuführen. Avemar verringerte den zellulären Glukoseverbrauch von HRT-18 Zellen um 69% und von 23132/87 Zellen um 99%. In 23132/87 Zellen korrelierte der verringerte Glukoseverbrauch mit einer Abnahme von ATP um 70% und einem Zellzyklusarrest in der G\(_2\)/M Phase. Der durch die Inkubation von HRT-18 Zellen mit Avemar ausgelöste verringerte Glukoseverbrauch beeinflusste hingegen weder den ATP-Gehalt noch den Zellzyklus, induzierte aber Autophagie. Dies ließ sich zeigen durch morphologische Veränderungen wie die Bildung von intrazellulären Vakuolen und durch den Nachweis des Autophagiemarkers LC3-II. Die Wertigkeit dieses Phänomens für die zytotoxischen Eigenschaften von Avemar ist in weiteren Untersuchungen zu klären. Die antiproliferativen Eigenschaften von Avemar führen zu Veränderungen im Zellmetabolismus von gastrointestinalen Tumorzellen. Ausschlaggebend dafür, welcher der drei antiproliferativen Effekte von Avemar (zytotoxisch, zytostatisch oder wachstumsverzögernd) dominiert, sind vermutlich zelleigene Schutzsysteme und metabolische Charakteristika der Zellen. Avemar weist ein breites Spektrum antiproliferativer Effekte auf, deren Einfluss auf Zellfunktion und Zellstoffwechsel im Detail noch weiter untersucht werden sollte. N2 - The commercial product Avemar is an oncologic supportive drug that consists of fermented wheat germ extracts. The high content of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ) in Avemar is thought to be responsible for the anticancer effects, which were observed both \(in\) \(vitro\) and \(in\) \(vivo\) experiments. The cytotoxic effect of DMBQ is caused by semiquinone radicals which induce oxidative stress in cells. Because tumor cells are more sensitive to oxidative stress than benign cells, the presence of semiquinone radicals might explain the selective cytotoxic effect of Avemar. However, the role of DMBQ in the antiproliferative mechanism of Avemar and the effect of Avemar on the metabolism of malignant cells have not yet been clarified. In this work, the antiproliferative features of Avemar were compared to those of DMBQ as a pure substance. DMBQ was investigated in a concentration of 24 μmol/L, which is equimolar to Avemar with a concentration of 0.04% of DMBQ. Both Avemar and DMBQ exhibited an increase of reactive oxygen species in BxPc-3 cells, which resulted in a cytotoxic effect within 24 hours after starting treatment. Compared to untreated cells, intracellular DCF fluorescence as a measure of reactive oxygen species increased by 20 times for DMBQ and 40 times for Avemar in BxPc-3 cells. Western Blot analysis revealed that the enzyme DT-diaphorase, which protects cells against benzoquinone-induced oxidative stress, was not present in BxPc-3 cells. In contrast, the enzyme could be detected in cells of the other two cell lines. The lack of DT-diaphorase in BxPc-3 cells indicates insufficient protection against DMBQ-induced oxidative stress which could consequently result in a DMBQ-mediated cytotoxic effect when exposed to Avemar. Besides the cytotoxic effect, Avemar showed two additional antiproliferative features: cytostasis in 23132/87 cells and growth delay in HRT-18 cells. Both antiproliferative effects of Avemar were caused by the influence of the substance on the cell metabolism. Avemar impaired the cellular consumption of glucose by 69% in HRT-18 cells and by 99% in 23132/87 cells. The impaired consumption of glucose in 23132/87 cells correlated with a decrease of ATP by 70% and an arrest in the G\(_2\)/M phase during the cell cycle of 23132/87. In contrast, when treated with Avemar, the impaired consumption of glucose in HRT-18 cells did not affect the ATP concentration and did not alter the cell cycle. Instead, Avemar leads to autophagy, as indicated by the formation of intracellular vacuoles. The presence of autophagy in HRT-18 cells was confirmed by the detection of the autophagy marker LC3-II. The relevance of this phenomenon for the cytotoxic properties of Avemar is to be clarified in further studies. Three different mechanisms of action of Avemar were identified: cytotoxic, cytostasis, and growth delay. The relevant effect on each cell type is presumably determined by the available protection mechanism and metabolic character of the cells. Avemar shows a broad spectrum of antiproliferative features whose exact influence on the functions and metabolism of the cell remains to be investigated in more detail in future studies. KW - Oxidativer Stress KW - Chinonderivate KW - Alternative Medizin KW - Gastrointestinaler Tumor KW - Weizenkeim KW - 2,6-Dimethoxybenzochinon KW - Avemar KW - Fermentierte Weizenkeimlinge KW - Autophagie KW - 2,6-Dimethoxybenzoquinone KW - fermented wheat germ KW - autophagy Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145787 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bergauer, Lisa T1 - Die Bedeutung des neurotrophen Faktors Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) für die Integrität der intestinalen Epithelbarriere T1 - The importance of Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) for the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Effekte des neurotrophen Faktors GDNF auf die Struktur und Funktion der intestinalen Epithelbarriere untersucht. Zellkulturen mit Caco2 beziehungsweise HT29B6 dienten als Modellsysteme für die Epithelschicht der Darmschleimhaut. Transwellsassays und TER-Messungen mittels ECIS-Gerät fungierten als zentrale Untersuchungsmethoden zur Evaluation der funktionellen Barriereeigenschaft der Zellmonolayer. Die morphologischen und quantitativen Veränderungen von Zelljunktionsproteinen wurden mittels indirekter Immunfluoreszenzfärbungen beziehungsweise Western Blot-Untersuchungen dargestellt. Um Migration- und Proliferationsverhalten nach Verletzung des Zellmonolayers zu untersuchen, führten wir in vitro-Scratch-Assays durch. Zunächst wurde bestätigt, dass intestinale Epithelzellen die GDNF-Rezeptoren GFRα1, GFRα2 und RET exprimieren. Es zeigte sich sowohl in Immunfärbungen gegen Junktionsproteine als auch in Permeabilitätsmessungen, dass GDNF zu einer verstärkten Differenzierung der intestinalen Epithelbarriere führt. In Inhibitions- und Aktivierungsexperimenten mit verschiedenen Mediatoren wurde als zugrunde liegender Mechanismus die Inaktiverung der p38 MAPK durch GDNF identifiziert. Weiterhin zeigten Versuche mit epithelialen Wundheilungsassays, dass GDNF, über eine cAMP/PKA-abhängige Induktion der Proliferation, zu einer Verbesserung der Wundheilung führt. In Immunfärbungen und Western Blot-Analysen wurde beobachtet, dass auch intestinale Epithelzelllinien in der Lage sind GDNF zu synthetisieren. Zusammenfassend konnte in der vorliegenden Arbeit erstmals gezeigt werden, dass der neurotrophe Faktor GDNF direkt auf die Differenzierung und Proliferation von kultivierten Enterozyten Einfluss nehmen kann. Die Tatsache, dass intestinale Epithelzellen selbst GDNF synthetisieren und sezernieren können, weist auf einen neuen autokrinen- oder parakrinen Wirkmechanismus des neurotrophen Faktors hin. N2 - Recent data suggest that neurotrophic factors that derive from the enteric nervous system are involved in intestinal epithelial barrier regulation. In this context the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was shown to affect gut barrier properties in vivo directly or indirectly by largely undefined processes in a model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we further investigated the potential role and mechanisms of GDNF in the regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier functions. In Western blot analyses of serum-starved intestinal epithelial cell lines Caco2 and HT29B6 significant amounts of GDNF were detected suggesting that enterocytes may represent an additional source of GDNF secretion. Application of recombinant GDNF on Caco2 monolayers for 24h resulted in significant epithelial barrier stabilisation in Caco2 and HT29B6 monolayers with immature barrier functions. Wound healing assays in cell monolayers showed a significantly faster closure of the wounded areas after GDNF application. GDNF augmented cAMP levels and led to significant inactivation of p38MAPK in immature epithelial cells. While inactivation of p38MAPK signalling by SB202190 mimicked GDNF-induced barrier maturation, coincubation of GDNF with p38MAPK activator anisomycin blocked GDNF effects. Increasing cAMP levels by forskolin and rolipram had adverse effects on barrier maturation as revealed by permeability measurements. However, increased cAMP augmented the proliferation rate in Caco2 cells and GDNF-induced proliferation of epithelial cells was abrogated by PKA-inhibitor H89. In summary, our data show that enterocytes represent an additional source of GDNF synthesis. GDNF contributes to wound healing in a cAMP/PKA-dependent manner and promotes barrier maturation in immature enterocytes cells by inactivation of p38MAPK signalling. KW - Epithel KW - Epithelgewebe KW - epithelial KW - Darmchirurgie KW - GDNF KW - Intestinale Epithelbarriere KW - Glia KW - Stabilität Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-155259 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kredel, Markus A1 - Kunzmann, Steffen A1 - Schlegel, Paul-Gerhardt A1 - Wölfl, Matthias A1 - Nordbeck, Peter A1 - Bühler, Christoph A1 - Lotz, Christopher A1 - Lepper, Philipp M. A1 - Wirbelauer, Johannes A1 - Roewer, Norbert A1 - Muellenbach, Ralf M. T1 - Double Peripheral Venous and Arterial Cannulation for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Combined Septic and Cardiogenic Shock JF - American Journal of Case Reports N2 - Background: The use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va-ECMO) via peripheral cannulation for septic shock is limited by blood flow and increased afterload for the left ventricle. Case Report: A 15-year-old girl with acute myelogenous leukemia, suffering from severe septic and cardiogenic shock, was treated by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va-ECMO). Sufficient extracorporeal blood flow matching the required oxygen demand could only be achieved by peripheral cannulation of both femoral arteries. Venous drainage was performed with a bicaval cannula inserted via the left V. femoralis. To accomplish left ventricular unloading, an additional drainage cannula was placed in the left atrium via percutaneous atrioseptostomy (va-va-ECMO). Cardiac function recovered and the girl was weaned from the ECMO on day 6. Successful allogenic stem cell transplantation took place 2 months later. Conclusions: In patients with vasoplegic septic shock and impaired cardiac contractility, double peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va-va-ECMO) with transseptal left atrial venting can by a lifesaving option. KW - extracorporeal membrane oxygenation KW - myeloid KW - leukemia KW - acute KW - shock KW - cardiogenic KW - septic Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158193 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Büntemeyer, Tjark-Ole A1 - Megerle, Felix A1 - Deutschbein, Timo A1 - Spitzweg, Christine A1 - Quinkler, Marcus A1 - Nawroth, Peter A1 - Kroiss, Matthias A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Steger, Ulrich T1 - Outcome after resection of Adrenocortical Carcinoma liver metastases: a retrospective study JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background: Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor 5-year-survival rate (<15%). A surgical approach is recommended in selected patients if complete resection of distant metastasis can be achieved. To date there are only limited data on the outcome after surgical resection of hepatic metastases of ACC. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the German Adrenocortical Carcinoma Registry was conducted. Patients with liver metastases of ACC but without extrahepatic metastases or incomplete tumour resection were included. Results: Seventy-seven patients fulfilled these criteria. Forty-three patients underwent resection of liver metastases of ACC. Complete tumour resection (R0) could be achieved in 30 (69.8%). Median overall survival after liver resection was 76.1 months in comparison to 10.1 months in the 34 remaining patients with unresected liver metastases (p < 0.001). However, disease free survival after liver resection was only 9.1 months. Neither resection status (R0/R1) nor extent of liver resection were significant predictive factors for overall survival. Patients with a time interval to the first metastasis/recurrence (TTFR) of greater than 12 months or solitary liver metastases showed significantly prolonged survival. Conclusions: Liver resection in the case of ACC liver metastases can achieve long term survival with a median overall survival of more than 5 years, but disease free survival is short despite metastasectomy. Time to recurrence and single versus multiple metastases are predictive factors for the outcome. KW - Adrenocortical Carcinoma KW - liver resection KW - retrospective study KW - prognosis KW - survival analysis Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159409 VL - 17 IS - 522 ER - TY - THES A1 - Büntemeyer, Tjark-Ole T1 - Wertigkeit der Leberresektion bei Metastasen des Nebennierenkarzinoms - Analyse anhand des Deutschen Nebennierenkarzinom-Registers T1 - Role of Liverresection in adrenocortical carcinoma liver metastases N2 - Patienten mit einem hepatisch metastasierten Nebennierenkarzinom und ohne Hinweise auf extrahepatische Tumormanifestationen profitieren von einer Operation im Hinblick auf das Gesamtüberleben. Dies gilt sowohl für synchron- als auch für metachron metastasierte Patienten. N2 - Liver resection in case of ACC liver metastases can achieve long term survival, but disease free survival is short despite metastasectomy. Time to recurrence is a predictive factor for the outcome. KW - Nebenniere KW - Leberresektion KW - Nebennierenkarzinom Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-155743 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kelm, M. A1 - Seyfried, F. A1 - Reimer, S. A1 - Krajinovic, K. A1 - Miras, A. D. A1 - Jurowich, C. A1 - Germer, C. T. A1 - Brand, M. T1 - Proximal jejunal stoma as ultima ratio in case of traumatic distal duodenal perforation facilitating successful EndoVAC\(^{®}\) treatment: a case report JF - International Journal of Surgery Case Reports N2 - Introduction: During damage control surgery for blunt abdominal traumata simultaneous duodenal perforations can be missed making secondary sufficient surgical treatment challenging. Endoluminal vacuum (EndoVAC™) therapy has been shown to be a revolutionary option but has anatomical and technical limits. Presentation of the case: A 59-year old man with hemorrhagic shock due to rupture of the mesenteric root after blunt abdominal trauma received damage control treatment. Within a scheduled second-look, perforation of the posterior duodenal wall was identified. Due to local and systemic conditions, further surgical treatment was limited. Decision for endoscopic treatment was made but proved to be difficult due to the distal location. Finally, double-barreled jejunal stoma was created for transstomal EndoVAC™ treatment. Complete leakage healing was achieved and jejunostomy reversal followed subsequently. Discussion: During damage control surgery simultaneous bowel injuries can be missed leading to life-threatening complications with limited surgical options. EndoVAC™ treatment is an option for gastrointestinal perforations but has anatomical limitations that can be sufficiently shifted by a transstomal approach for intestinal leakage. Conclusion: In trauma related laparotomy complete mobilization of the duodenum is crucial. As ultima ratio, transstomal EndoVAC™ is a safe and feasible option and can be considered for similar cases. KW - transstomal endoluminal vacuum therapy KW - EndoVAC and small bowel KW - duodenal trauma KW - duodenal perforation Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159292 VL - 41 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Riegel, Johannes A1 - Wagner, Johanna A1 - Kunzmann, Volker A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Walles, Thorsten A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A1 - Loeb, Stefan A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Steger, Ulrich A1 - Klein, Ingo T1 - The impact of pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with previously resected colorectal cancer liver metastases JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background 40–50% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) will develop liver metastases (CRLM) during the course of the disease. One third of these patients will additionally develop pulmonary metastases. Methods 137 consecutive patients with CRLM, were analyzed regarding survival data, clinical, histological data and treatment. Results were stratified according to the occurrence of pulmonary metastases and metastases resection. Results 39% of all patients with liver resection due to CRLM developed additional lung metastases. 44% of these patients underwent subsequent pulmonary resection. Patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy showed a significantly better five-year survival compared to patients not qualified for curative resection (5-year survival 71.2% vs. 28.0%; p = 0.001). Interestingly, the 5-year survival of these patients was even superior to all patients with CRLM, who did not develop pulmonary metastases (77.5% vs. 63.5%; p = 0.015). Patients, whose pulmonary metastases were not resected, were more likely to redevelop liver metastases (50.0% vs 78.6%; p = 0.034). However, the rate of distant metastases did not differ between both groups (54.5 vs.53.6; p = 0.945). Conclusion The occurrence of colorectal lung metastases after curative liver resection does not impact patient survival if pulmonary metastasectomy is feasible. Those patients clearly benefit from repeated resections of the liver and the lung metastases. KW - hepatic resection KW - surgical resection KW - lung resection KW - curative resection KW - metastasis KW - colorectal cancer KW - cancer treatment KW - surgical oncology Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158036 VL - 12 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Matthes, Niels A1 - Mühling, Bettina A1 - Koospal, Monika A1 - Quenzer, Anne A1 - Peter, Stephanie A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Linnebacher, Michael A1 - Otto, Christoph T1 - Reactivating p53 and Inducing Tumor Apoptosis (RITA) Enhances the Response of RITA-Sensitive Colorectal Cancer Cells to Chemotherapeutic Agents 5-Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin JF - Neoplasia N2 - Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract with frequently dysregulated intracellular signaling pathways, including p53 signaling. The mainstay of chemotherapy treatment of CRC is 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and oxaliplatin. The two anticancer drugs mediate their therapeutic effect via DNA damage-triggered signaling. The small molecule reactivating p53 and inducing tumor apoptosis (RITA) is described as an activator of wild-type and reactivator of mutant p53 function, resulting in elevated levels of p53 protein, cell growth arrest, and cell death. Additionally, it has been shown that RITA can induce DNA damage signaling. It is expected that the therapeutic benefits of 5FU and oxaliplatin can be increased by enhancing DNA damage signaling pathways. Therefore, we highlighted the antiproliferative response of RITA alone and in combination with 5FU or oxaliplatin in human CRC cells. A panel of long-term established CRC cell lines (n = 9) including p53 wild-type, p53 mutant, and p53 null and primary patient-derived, low-passage cell lines (n = 5) with different p53 protein status were used for this study. A substantial number of CRC cells with pronounced sensitivity to RITA (IC\(_{50}\)< 3.0 μmol/l) were identified within established (4/9) and primary patient-derived (2/5) CRC cell lines harboring wild-type or mutant p53 protein. Sensitivity to RITA appeared independent of p53 status and was associated with an increase in antiproliferative response to 5FU and oxaliplatin, a transcriptional increase of p53 targets p21 and NOXA, and a decrease in MYC mRNA. The effect of RITA as an inducer of DNA damage was shown by a strong elevation of phosphorylated histone variant H2A.X, which was restricted to RITA-sensitive cells. Our data underline the primary effect of RITA, inducing DNA damage, and demonstrate the differential antiproliferative effect of RITA to CRC cells independent of p53 protein status. We found a substantial number of RITA-sensitive CRC cells within both panels of established CRC cell lines and primary patient-derived CRC cell lines (6/14) that provide a rationale for combining RITA with 5FU or oxaliplatin to enhance the antiproliferative response to both chemotherapeutic agents. KW - colorectal carcinoma KW - reactivating p53 and inducing tumor apoptosis (RITA) KW - chemotherapy KW - 5-fluorouracil KW - oxaliplatin Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171067 VL - 19 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Mathe, Katrin A1 - Gesierich, Anja A1 - Weyandt, Gerhard A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Gasser, Martin A1 - Pelz, Jörg O. W. T1 - Morbidity and oncologic outcome after saphenous vein-sparing inguinal lymphadenectomy in melanoma patients JF - World Journal of Surgical Oncology N2 - Background: Inguinal lymph node dissection (LND) is a surgical procedure with a high morbidity rate. Variations in surgical procedure, such as sparing of the saphenous vein, have been proposed to reduce surgical morbidity. While sparing of the saphenous vein has shown promising results in earlier studies, data for this procedure in melanoma patients are rare. In this retrospective study, we report 10-year findings on the effects of saphenous vein-sparing LND on surgical morbidity and oncologic outcomes in melanoma patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of melanoma patients receiving inguinal LND in our facility between 2003 and 2013 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: the saphenous vein resection group and the vein sparing group. Surgical morbidity, including wound infection, lymphatic fistula, severe bleeding, neurological complications, and chronic lymphedema, as well as regional recurrence-free survival were investigated. Results: A total of 106 patients were included in this study; of these, the saphenous vein was spared in 41 patients (38.7%). The rate of lymphatic fistula was 51.6 vs. 48.8%, wound infection occurred in 31.3 vs. 24.4%, and patients suffered from chronic lymphedema in 30.0 vs. 26.5% in V. saphena magna resection vs. sparing group. Differences observed, however, were not significant. No difference in regional recurrence-free survival between the two study groups was detected. Conclusions: The results of our retrospective analysis could not confirm the promising results reported in earlier studies. Thus, sparing of the saphenous vein appears to be optional. KW - malignant melanoma KW - inguinal lymph node dissection KW - regional recurrence KW - V. saphena magna Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157687 VL - 15 IS - 99 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Patt, Marianne A1 - Patt, Jörg T. W. A1 - Becker, Georg A. A1 - Rullmann, Michael A1 - Kranz, Mathias A1 - Deuther-Conrad, Winnie A1 - Schischke, Kristin A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Brust, Peter A1 - Hesse, Swen A1 - Sabri, Osama A1 - Krügel, Ute A1 - Fenske, Wiebke T1 - Suppressed fat appetite after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery associates with reduced brain mu-opioid receptor availability in diet-induced obese male rats JF - Frontiers in Neuroscience N2 - Brain μ-opioid receptors (MORs) stimulate high-fat (HF) feeding and have been implicated in the distinct long term outcomes on body weight of bariatric surgery and dieting. Whether alterations in fat appetite specifically following these disparate weight loss interventions relate to changes in brain MOR signaling is unknown. To address this issue, diet-induced obese male rats underwent either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sham surgeries. Postoperatively, animals were placed on a two-choice diet consisting of low-fat (LF) and HF food and sham-operated rats were further split into ad libitum fed (Sham-LF/HF) and body weight-matched (Sham-BWM) to RYGB groups. An additional set of sham-operated rats always only on a LF diet (Sham-LF) served as lean controls, making four experimental groups in total. Corresponding to a stage of weight loss maintenance for RYGB rats, two-bottle fat preference tests in conjunction with small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies with the selective MOR radioligand [\(^{11}\)C]carfentanil were performed. Brains were subsequently collected and MOR protein levels in the hypothalamus, striatum, prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex were analyzed by Western Blot. We found that only the RYGB group presented with intervention-specific changes: having markedly suppressed intake and preference for high concentration fat emulsions, a widespread reduction in [\(^{11}\)C]carfentanil binding potential (reflecting MOR availability) in various brain regions, and a downregulation of striatal and prefrontal MOR protein levels compared to the remaining groups. These findings suggest that the suppressed fat appetite caused by RYGB surgery is due to reduced brain MOR signaling, which may contribute to sustained weight loss unlike the case for dieting. KW - bariatric surgery KW - caloric-restriction KW - fat appetite KW - Brain μ-opioid receptors KW - positron emission tomography imaging Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181130 VL - 10 ER -