TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vieira, Jacqueline
A1  - Jones, Alex R.
A1  - Danon, Antoine
A1  - Sakuma, Michiyo
A1  - Hoang, Nathalie
A1  - Robles, David
A1  - Tait, Shirley
A1  - Heyes, Derren J.
A1  - Picot, Marie
A1  - Yoshii, Taishi
A1  - Helfrich-Förster, Charlotte
A1  - Soubigou, Guillaume
A1  - Coppee, Jean-Yves
A1  - Klarsfeld, André
A1  - Rouyer, Francois
A1  - Scrutton, Nigel S.
A1  - Ahmad, Margaret
T1  - Human Cryptochrome-1 Confers Light Independent Biological Activity in Transgenic Drosophila Correlated with Flavin Radical Stability
JF  - PLoS One
N2  - Cryptochromes are conserved flavoprotein receptors found throughout the biological kingdom with diversified roles in plant development and entrainment of the circadian clock in animals. Light perception is proposed to occur through flavin radical formation that correlates with biological activity in vivo in both plants and Drosophila. By contrast, mammalian (Type II) cryptochromes regulate the circadian clock independently of light, raising the fundamental question of whether mammalian cryptochromes have evolved entirely distinct signaling mechanisms. Here we show by developmental and transcriptome analysis that Homo sapiens cryptochrome - 1 (HsCRY1) confers biological activity in transgenic expressing Drosophila in darkness, that can in some cases be further stimulated by light. In contrast to all other cryptochromes, purified recombinant HsCRY1 protein was stably isolated in the anionic radical flavin state, containing only a small proportion of oxidized flavin which could be reduced by illumination. We conclude that animal Type I and Type II cryptochromes may both have signaling mechanisms involving formation of a flavin radical signaling state, and that light independent activity of Type II cryptochromes is a consequence of dark accumulation of this redox form in vivo rather than of a fundamental difference in signaling mechanism.
KW  - arabidopsi
KW  - dependent magnetosensitvity
KW  - protein
KW  - clock
KW  - gene
KW  - mechanism
KW  - rhythm
KW  - oscillator
KW  - circadian photoreception
KW  - mammalian CRY1
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134513
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krüger, H.-P.
T1  - Psychologische Charakteristika der "Düker-Aufgabe" oder "Was ist die Leistung an der Leistung?"
N2  - In den Experimenten H. Dükers haben die Vpn regelhaft sehr viele sehr einfache hochgeübte Tätigkeiten auszuführen. Wird dies durch das Einführen von Zusatzaufgaben kompliziert, kann eine Steigerung der Leistung resultieren (erklärt etwa durch "Reaktive Anspannungssteigerung") oder eine Minderung (wie für das "Unterschwellige Wollen" gezeigt). Eine nähere Analyse der Düker-Aufgabe zeigt, daß die Variable "Arbeitsrhythmus" für diesen Unterschied verantwortlich ist. Wird dieser Rhythmus über eine externe Quelle gegeben oder kann eine Zusatzaufgabe in den vorhandenen Rhythmus integriert werden, resultiert eine Verbesserung. Treten zwei inkompatible Rhythmen in einer Situation auf, resultiert ein drastischer Leistungseinbruch. Diese Systematik wird am pharmakopsychologischen Beispiel einer Statistik über Verkehrsunfälle unter Alkoholeinfluß diskutiert.
N2  - The experiments of H. Düker are characterized by subjects who had to work a great amount of very simple, highly exercised tasks. If this work is omplicated by an additional task, the paradigm "Reaktive Anspannungssteigerung" (reactive strengthening of psychic strain) describes an improvement in performance, the paradigm of "Unterschwelliges Wollen" (unperceptible willing) a decrease. An analysis ofthe experimental situation reveals the "rhythm of working" as the main variable responsible for this difference. If this rhythm is given by an external source or if an additional task can be integrated in an existing rhythm, an improvement results. Two incompatible rhythms in one situation lead to a dramatic decrease in performance. To give a pharmacopsychological example this taxonomy is discussed using statistics about the effect of alcohol on traffic accident rates.
KW  - Heinrich Düker (1898-1986)
KW  - Aktivierung
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Rhythmus
KW  - Alkohol
KW  - Straßenverkehr
KW  - Heinrich Düker (1898-1986)
KW  - activation
KW  - motivation
KW  - rhythm
KW  - alcohol
KW  - driving while intoxicated
Y1  - 1988
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41460
ER  -