TY - JOUR A1 - Ben-Kraiem, Adel A1 - Sauer, Reine-Solange A1 - Norwig, Carla A1 - Popp, Maria A1 - Bettenhausen, Anna-Lena A1 - Atalla, Mariam Sobhy A1 - Brack, Alexander A1 - Blum, Robert A1 - Doppler, Kathrin A1 - Rittner, Heike Lydia T1 - Selective blood-nerve barrier leakiness with claudin-1 and vessel-associated macrophage loss in diabetic polyneuropathy JF - Journal of Molecular Medicine N2 - Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication in diabetes and can be painful in up to 26% of all diabetic patients. Peripheral nerves are shielded by the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) consisting of the perineurium and endoneurial vessels. So far, there are conflicting results regarding the role and function of the BNB in the pathophysiology of DPN. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal tight junction protein profile, barrier permeability, and vessel-associated macrophages in Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced DPN. In these rats, mechanical hypersensitivity developed after 2 weeks and loss of motor function after 8 weeks, while the BNB and the blood-DRG barrier were leakier for small, but not for large molecules after 8 weeks only. The blood-spinal cord barrier remained sealed throughout the observation period. No gross changes in tight junction protein or cytokine expression were observed in all barriers to blood. However, expression of Cldn1 mRNA in perineurium was specifically downregulated in conjunction with weaker vessel-associated macrophage shielding of the BNB. Our results underline the role of specific tight junction proteins and BNB breakdown in DPN maintenance and differentiate DPN from traumatic nerve injury. Targeting claudins and sealing the BNB could stabilize pain and prevent further nerve damage. KW - macrophages KW - neuropathy KW - barrier KW - pain Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265237 VL - 99 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neuhaus, Winfried A1 - Schlundt, Marian A1 - Fehrholz, Markus A1 - Ehrke, Alexander A1 - Kunzmann, Steffen A1 - Liebner, Stefan A1 - Speer, Christian P. A1 - Förster, Carola Y. T1 - Multiple antenatal dexamethasone treatment alters brain vessel differentiation in newborn mouse pups JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Antenatal steroid treatment decreases morbidity and mortality in premature infants through the maturation of lung tissue, which enables sufficient breathing performance. However, clinical and animal studies have shown that repeated doses of glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone and betamethasone lead to long-term adverse effects on brain development. Therefore, we established a mouse model for antenatal dexamethasone treatment to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on brain vessel differentiation towards the blood-brain barrier (BBB) phenotype, focusing on molecular marker analysis. The major findings were that in total brains on postnatal day (PN) 4 triple antenatal dexamethasone treatment significantly downregulated the tight junction protein claudin-5, the endothelial marker Pecam-1/CD31, the glucocorticoid receptor, the NR1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, and Abc transporters (Abcb1a, Abcg2 Abcc4). Less pronounced effects were found after single antenatal dexamethasone treatment and in PN10 samples. Comparisons of total brain samples with isolated brain endothelial cells together with the stainings for Pecam-1/CD31 and claudin-5 led to the assumption that the morphology of brain vessels is affected by antenatal dexamethasone treatment at PN4. On the mRNA level markers for angiogenesis, the sonic hedgehog and the Wnt pathway were downregulated in PN4 samples, suggesting fundamental changes in brain vascularization and/or differentiation. In conclusion, we provided a first comprehensive molecular basis for the adverse effects of multiple antenatal dexamethasone treatment on brain vessel differentiation. KW - preterm birth KW - fetal lung KW - corticosteroids KW - glucocorticoids KW - exposure KW - endothelial cells KW - in vitro KW - barrier KW - expression KW - rat Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148268 VL - 10 IS - 8 ER - TY - THES A1 - Katschorek, Haymo T1 - Optimierung der Barriereeigenschaften hybridpolymerer Beschichtungssysteme T1 - Optimization of the barrier properties of inorganic-organic polymer coatings N2 - Quellfähige natürliche Schichtsilicate können nach vorheriger Modifizierung als nanoskalige Barrierefüllstoffe für hybridpolymere Beschichtungen eingesetzt werden. Durch Ionenaustausch nach der „Onium-Methode“ wurden aus natürlichem Montmorillonit unterschiedlich modifizierte organophile Schichtsilicate hergestellt, die mit thermisch oder strahlenhärtenden Barrierelacken verträglich sind. Als Modifizierungsreagenzien kamen neben aliphatischen auch olefinische und alkoxysilylfunktionelle Ammonium-Verbindungen zum Einsatz. Beschichtungen aus den modifizierten Barrierelacken zeigten teilweise deutlich verbesserte Sauerstoffbarriereeigenschaften. Ein signifikanter Einfluß auf die Wasserdampfbarriere war bei diesem Füllstoffanteil nicht festellbar. Die optische Transparenz der hybridpolymeren Barriereschichten wird auch durch Anteile von bis zu 5 Gew. % an Schichtsilicat nicht nennenswert beeinflusst. Dies belegen UV-VIS-Spektren.Aufgrund der deutlichen Steigerung der Sauerstoffbarrierewirkung unter Beibehaltung der optischen Transparenz der Beschichtung stellt die Kombination von modifizierten Schichtsilicaten mit hybridpolymeren Barrierelacken daher eine interessante Alternative zu den bisher eingesetzten Barrieresystemen ohne Füllstoff dar. Der Einfluss von Lacklagerung, Lackkomponenten und Härtungsbedingungen im Hinblick auf die Struktur und Sperrwirkung von Hybridpolymerschichten wurde im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit untersucht. Dabei wurden die Ergebnisse struktureller Untersuchungen durch 29Si, 13C- und 27Al-NMR-Spektroskopie mit Barrieremessungen korreliert. Der letzte Teil der Arbeit befasst sich mit der Optimierung von Migrationsschutzschichten. Hybridpolymere bieten neben einer Barrierewirkung gegenüber Gasen und Dämpfen auch einen wirksamen Schutz gegen die Migration weiterer chemischer Substanzen, wie z.B. Weichmachern. Am Beispiel eines strahlenhärtenden hybridpolymeren Lackes wurde über die Formulierung des Lackes eine Korrelation zwischen Migrations- und Sauerstoffbarrierewirkung hergestellt. N2 - Hydrophilic swelling layered silicate clay minerals such as Montmorillonite have to be modified first in order to integrate them on nanoscale into inorganic-organic barrier coatings. Using an ionic-exchange technique, natural Montmorillonite was converted into organophilic clay, which is compatible with several types of inorganic-organic barrier lacquers. As modifying agents different types of aliphatic as well as olefinic and alkoxysilane ammonia compounds were used. Coatings of clay modified inorganic-organic polymers showed improved gas barrier properties while keeping the water vapor transmission rate at a constant low level. Although barriere coatings with up to 5 percent on weight of modified clay were made, the coatings maintained their full optical transparency which was proven by UV-VIS-Spectroscopy.Due to the high improvement in the oxygen barrier properties while not affecting optical properties, modified clay minerals are well suited fillers for inorganic-organic barrier coatings. The influence of lacquer storage, lacquer compounds and curing conditions on the structure and barrier properties of inorganic-organic coatings was investigated in the second part of this thesis. A correlation was done between barrier properties and structural datas determined by 29Si-, 13C- und 27Al-NMR-spectroscopic investigations. The last part of the thesis deals with the optimization of migration barrier coatings. In addition to the barrier properties against water vapor and oxygen, inorganic-organic polymers can also function as protection layers against unwanted migration of chemical substances like softeners. Based on modifications on a photocurable lacquer a correlation between migration and oxygen barrier properties was made. KW - Metallorganische Polymere KW - Phyllosilicate KW - Permeation KW - Migration KW - Hybridpolymer KW - Barriere KW - Permeation KW - Migration KW - Schichtsilicat KW - Inorganic-organic polymer KW - barrier KW - permeation KW - migration KW - layered silicate Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-16356 ER -