TY - JOUR A1 - Weiß, Martin A1 - Gründahl, Marthe A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Eichner, Felizitas A. A1 - Kohls, Mirjam A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Heuschmann, Peter U. A1 - Hein, Grit T1 - Differential network interactions between psychosocial factors, mental health, and health-related quality of life in women and men JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Psychosocial factors affect mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in a complex manner, yet gender differences in these interactions remain poorly understood. We investigated whether psychosocial factors such as social support and personal and work-related concerns impact mental health and HRQL differentially in women and men during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Between June and October 2020, the first part of a COVID-19-specific program was conducted within the “Characteristics and Course of Heart Failure Stages A-B and Determinants of Progression (STAAB)” cohort study, a representative age- and gender-stratified sample of the general population of Würzburg, Germany. Using psychometric networks, we first established the complex relations between personal social support, personal and work-related concerns, and their interactions with anxiety, depression, and HRQL. Second, we tested for gender differences by comparing expected influence, edge weight differences, and stability of the networks. The network comparison revealed a significant difference in the overall network structure. The male (N = 1370) but not the female network (N = 1520) showed a positive link between work-related concern and anxiety. In both networks, anxiety was the most central variable. These findings provide further evidence that the complex interplay of psychosocial factors with mental health and HRQL decisively depends on gender. Our results are relevant for the development of gender-specific interventions to increase resilience in times of pandemic crisis. KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - human behaviour KW - quality of life Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357858 VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riederer, Peter A1 - ter Meulen, Volker T1 - Coronaviruses: a challenge of today and a call for extended human postmortem brain analyses JF - Journal of Neural Transmission N2 - While there is abounding literature on virus-induced pathology in general and coronavirus in particular, recent evidence accumulates showing distinct and deleterious brain affection. As the respiratory tract connects to the brain without protection of the blood–brain barrier, SARS-CoV-2 might in the early invasive phase attack the cardiorespiratory centres located in the medulla/pons areas, giving rise to disturbances of respiration and cardiac problems. Furthermore, brainstem regions are at risk to lose their functional integrity. Therefore, long-term neurological as well as psychiatric symptomatology and eventual respective disorders cannot be excluded as evidenced from influenza-A triggered post-encephalitic Parkinsonism and HIV-1 triggered AIDS–dementia complex. From the available evidences for coronavirus-induced brain pathology, this review concludes a number of unmet needs for further research strategies like human postmortem brain analyses. SARS-CoV-2 mirroring experimental animal brain studies, characterization of time-dependent and region-dependent spreading behaviours of coronaviruses, enlightening of pathological mechanisms after coronavirus infection using long-term animal models and clinical observations of patients having had COVID-19 infection are calling to develop both protective strategies and drug discoveries to avoid early and late coronavirus-induced functional brain disturbances, symptoms and eventually disorders. To fight SARS-CoV-2, it is an urgent need to enforce clinical, molecular biological, neurochemical and genetic research including brain-related studies on a worldwide harmonized basis. KW - coronavirus KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 brain disorders KW - cardiorespiratory centre KW - brain pathology KW - neurological symptoms/disorders KW - brain stem KW - Parkinson’s disease KW - Parkinsonism KW - Alzheimer’s disease KW - multiple sclerosis KW - movement disorders KW - neuroinvasion KW - therapy KW - neuroprotection KW - depression KW - cognitive dysfunction KW - brain bank KW - postmortem studies Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-314637 SN - 0300-9564 SN - 1435-1463 VL - 127 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neubert, Sven A1 - Schlecht, Sina A1 - Meng, Karin A1 - Rabe, Antonia A1 - Jentschke, Elisabeth T1 - Effects of a video sequence based intervention on anxiety, fatigue and depression in cancer patients: results of a randomized controlled trial JF - Integrative Cancer Therapies N2 - Background: Cancer patients often suffer from psychological symptoms and need psychological support. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, eHealth interventions might be helpful to overcome the obstacles of the pandemic. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a video sequence-based eHealth intervention on anxiety, fatigue, and depression in cancer patients. Methods: Patients (N = 157) with different tumor entities were randomly assigned to the video intervention group (IG) and the waiting control group (CG). Patients in the IG received a video intervention comprising 8 video sequences over 4 weeks. The videos included psychoeducation on distress and psychological symptoms, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy elements, and Yoga and Qigong exercises. Patients’ anxiety and fear of progression (primary outcomes) and secondary outcomes were assessed before randomization (T1) and after the end of the intervention for IG or the waiting period for CG (T2) using self-reported questionnaires (GAD-7, PA-F-KF, EORTC QLQ-FA12, PHQ-8). Results: Patients of the IG showed no significant improvement in anxiety (GAD-7; P = .75), fear of progression (FoP-Q-SF; P = .29), fatigue (EORTC QLQ-FA12; P = .72), and depression (PHQ-8; P = .95) compared to patients in the waiting CG. However, symptoms of anxiety, fatigue, and depression decreased in both groups. Exploratory subgroup analysis regarding sex, therapy status, therapy goal, and tumor entity showed no effects. Overall, the intervention had a high level of acceptance. Conclusions: The video intervention was ineffective in reducing the psychological burden compared to a waiting CG. The findings support prior observations of the value of therapeutic guidance and promoting self-management for improving patients’ psychological burdens. Further studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of psycho-oncological eHealth delivered through video sequences. KW - eHealth KW - psycho-oncology KW - complementary medicine KW - psychoeducation KW - mind-body-intervention KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - fatigue KW - oncology Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304581 SN - 1552-695X VL - 22 ER - TY - THES A1 - Scheiner, Christin T1 - Vulnerability in adolescence: prevalence, pandemic impact and prevention T1 - Vulnerabilität im Jugendalter: Prävalenzen, Einfluss der Pandemie und Prävention N2 - This compilation focuses on adolescent mental disorders and their prevention. It comprises three distinct studies, each contributing to a deeper understanding of this critical topic. This work addresses a critical gap in the understanding of, and approach to, adolescent mental health, and as a result reveals a critically important and urgently needed policy implication for action. The thematic structure of these studies begins with an examination of the epidemiology of child and adolescent mental disorders. Baseline data were collected from N = 877 adolescents with a mean age of 12.43 years (SD = 0.65). Mental health problems, such as depressive symptoms, non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, symptoms of eating disorders, and gender differences, are thoroughly examined. Results revealed a significant portion of our sample displaying mental health problems as early as the 6th and 7th grades, with girls generally being more affected than boys. The findings underscore the importance of early adolescence in the emergence of mental health problems and thereby emphasize the need for preventive measures. Moving beyond prevalence estimates, the compilation delves into the etiology of these disorders, exploring their potential correlation with a COVID-19 infection. Understanding the early signs and risk factors is crucial for timely support. While numerous studies have investigated potential risk and protective factors during the pandemic, our focus shifts to adolescents’ coping when an infection with the virus was involved (N = 2,154, M = 12.31, SD = 0.67). We hypothesized that students infected or with close family members infected, would exhibit an increased psychopathology and a decreased functioning of protective factors such as self-efficacy or self-esteem. We found no connection between infection and the mental health status within our sample, but protective factors and mental well-being were positively associated. Thus, universal primary prevention appears to be the preferred approach for promoting mental health. Lastly, the compilation introduces LessStress, a noteworthy contribution to more evidence-based prevention programs. This universal approach is designed to reduce stress in schools, accompanied by a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate its effectiveness (estimated sample size N = 1,894). Existing studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of stress prevention, leading us to introduce a short and easy-to-implement prevention program. There is positive evidence for one-lesson interventions in schools for promoting well-being and health behaviors among adolescents. LessStress is designed based on a life skills approach that not only imparts psychoeducational content but also teaches skills relevant to everyday life and directly applicable. Throughout these studies, a common thread emerges: the pressing need to address mental disorders during childhood and adolescence. These formative years play a pivotal role in the development of mental health problems. These formative years play a crucial role in the development of mental health problems. They highlight the importance of epidemiological data collection and analysis based on the latest models to develop prevention interventions that are not only effective but also reach young people on a global level. N2 - Diese Zusammenstellung konzentriert sich auf psychische Störungen bei Jugendlichen und deren Prävention. Sie umfasst drei verschiedene Studien, die jeweils zu einem tieferen Verständnis dieses wichtigen Themas beitragen. Es wird eine kritische Lücke im Verständnis und Umgang mit der psychischen Gesundheit Jugendlicher adressiert und damit ein wichtiger und dringender politischer Handlungsbedarf aufgezeigt. Die thematische Struktur dieser Studien beginnt mit einer Untersuchung der Epidemiologie psychischer Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Es wurden Ausgangsdaten von N = 877 Jugendlichen mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 12,43 Jahren (SD = 0,65) erhoben. Psychische Gesundheitsprobleme wie depressive Symptome, nicht-suizidale Selbstverletzungen, Suizidgedanken, Symptome von Essstörungen und geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede werden eingehend untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein erheblicher Teil der Stichprobe bereits in der 6. und 7. Klasse psychische Probleme aufweist, wobei Mädchen stärker betroffen sind als Jungen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung des frühen Jugendalters für die Entstehung psychischer Probleme und verdeutlichen damit die Notwendigkeit von Präventionsmaßnahmen. Die Zusammenstellung geht über Prävalenzschätzungen hinaus und befasst sich mit der Ätiologie dieser Störungen und untersucht ihren möglichen Zusammenhang mit einer COVID-19-Infektion. Während zahlreiche Studien potenzielle Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren während der Pandemie untersucht haben, konzentriert sich unsere Studie auf die Bewältigung von Jugendlichen im Zusammenhang mit einer Infektion mit dem Virus (N = 2.154, M = 12.31, SD = 0,67). Wir stellten die Hypothese auf, dass eine Infektion mit einer erhöhten Psychopathologie und einer verminderten Funktion von Schutzfaktoren einhergeht. Wir fanden keinen Zusammenhang zwischen der Infektion und dem psychischen Gesundheitszustand in unserer Stichprobe, aber Schutzfaktoren und psychisches Wohlbefinden waren positiv assoziiert. Somit scheint die universelle Primärprävention der bevorzugte Ansatz zur Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit zu sein. Schließlich wird in der Zusammenstellung mit LessStress ein entscheidender Beitrag zu evidenzbasierten Präventionsprogrammen vorgestellt. Dieses universelle Konzept zur Stress-reduzierung in Schulen wird von einer cluster-randomisierten Studie zur Bewertung seiner Wirksamkeit begleitet (geschätzte Stichprobengröße N = 1.894). LessStress wurde auf der Grundlage eines Life-Skills-Ansatzes entwickelt, der nicht nur psychoedukative Inhalte vermittelt, sondern auch alltagsrelevante und direkt anwendbare Fähigkeiten lehrt. Aus den drei vorgestellten Studien geht ein roter Faden hervor: die dringende Notwendigkeit, psychische Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter anzugehen. Diese prägenden Jahre spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Entwicklung von Problemen der psychischen Gesundheit. Sie machen deutlich, wie wichtig die Sammlung epidemiologischer Daten und deren Analyse auf der Grundlage neuester Modelle für die Entwicklung von Präventionsmaßnahmen ist, die nicht nur wirksam sind, sondern auch junge Menschen auf globaler Ebene erreichen. KW - Jugend KW - Psychische Belastung KW - Resilienz KW - Stress KW - mental health KW - epidemiology KW - depression KW - etiology KW - Depression KW - Psychische Gesundheit KW - Epidemiologie KW - Ätiologie KW - COVID-19 KW - Primärprevention Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-351644 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nowacka-Chmielewska, Marta A1 - Grabowska, Konstancja A1 - Grabowski, Mateusz A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Burek, Malgorzata A1 - Małecki, Andrzej T1 - Running from stress: neurobiological mechanisms of exercise-induced stress resilience JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Chronic stress, even stress of a moderate intensity related to daily life, is widely acknowledged to be a predisposing or precipitating factor in neuropsychiatric diseases. There is a clear relationship between disturbances induced by stressful stimuli, especially long-lasting stimuli, and cognitive deficits in rodent models of affective disorders. Regular physical activity has a positive effect on the central nervous system (CNS) functions, contributes to an improvement in mood and of cognitive abilities (including memory and learning), and is correlated with an increase in the expression of the neurotrophic factors and markers of synaptic plasticity as well as a reduction in the inflammatory factors. Studies published so far show that the energy challenge caused by physical exercise can affect the CNS by improving cellular bioenergetics, stimulating the processes responsible for the removal of damaged organelles and molecules, and attenuating inflammation processes. Regular physical activity brings another important benefit: increased stress robustness. The evidence from animal studies is that a sedentary lifestyle is associated with stress vulnerability, whereas a physically active lifestyle is associated with stress resilience. Here, we have performed a comprehensive PubMed Search Strategy for accomplishing an exhaustive literature review. In this review, we discuss the findings from experimental studies on the molecular and neurobiological mechanisms underlying the impact of exercise on brain resilience. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective potential of preconditioning exercise and of the role of exercise in stress resilience, among other things, may open further options for prevention and therapy in the treatment of CNS diseases. KW - stress KW - stress resilience KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - neuropsychiatric disorders KW - physical activity KW - exercise Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297407 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Üçeyler, Nurcan A1 - Schließer, Mira A1 - Evdokimov, Dimitar A1 - Radziwon, Jakub A1 - Feulner, Betty A1 - Unterecker, Stefan A1 - Rimmele, Florian A1 - Walter, Uwe T1 - Reduced midbrain raphe echogenicity in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome JF - PloS One N2 - Objectives The pathogenesis of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is unclear. Transcranial ultrasonography revealed anechoic alteration of midbrain raphe in depression and anxiety disorders, suggesting affection of the central serotonergic system. Here, we assessed midbrain raphe echogenicity in FMS. Methods Sixty-six patients underwent transcranial sonography, of whom 53 were patients with FMS (27 women, 26 men), 13 patients with major depression and physical pain (all women), and 14 healthy controls (11 women, 3 men). Raphe echogenicity was graded visually as normal or hypoechogenic, and quantified by digitized image analysis, each by investigators blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Results Quantitative midbrain raphe echogenicity was lower in patients with FMS compared to healthy controls (p<0.05), but not different from that of patients with depression and accompanying physical pain. Pain and FMS symptom burden did not correlate with midbrain raphe echogenicity as well as the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusion We found reduced echogenicity of the midbrain raphe area in patients with FMS and in patients with depression and physical pain, independent of the presence or severity of pain, FMS, and depressive symptoms. Further exploration of this sonographic finding is necessary before this objective technique may enter diagnostic algorithms in FMS and depression. KW - midbrain KW - fibromyalgia KW - depression KW - pain KW - ultrasound imaging KW - neuropathic pain KW - diagnostic medicine KW - migraine Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300639 VL - 17 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Felice, Ethel A1 - Buhagiar, Rachel A1 - Lambregtse-van den Berg, Mijke A1 - Wilson, Claire A. A1 - Banjac Baljak, Visnja A1 - Vujovic, Katarina Savic A1 - Medic, Branislava A1 - Opankovic, Ana A1 - Fonseca, Ana A1 - Lupattelli, Angela T1 - Treatment of peripartum depression with antidepressants and other psychotropic medications: a synthesis of clinical practice guidelines in Europe JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - This study examined (1) the availability and content of national CPGs for treatment of peripartum depression, including comorbid anxiety, with antidepressants and other psychotropics across Europe and (2) antidepressant and other psychotropic utilization data as an indicator of prescribers' compliance to the guidelines. We conducted a search using Medline and the Guidelines International Network database, combined with direct e-mail contact with national Riseup-PPD COST ACTION members and researchers within psychiatry. Of the 48 European countries examined, we screened 41 records and included 14 of them for full-text evaluation. After exclusion of ineligible and duplicate records, we included 12 CPGs. Multiple CPGs recommend antidepressant initiation or continuation based on maternal disease severity, non-response to first-line non-pharmacological interventions, and after risk-benefit assessment. Advice on treatment of comorbid anxiety is largely missing or unspecific. Antidepressant dispensing data suggest general prescribers' compliance with the preferred substances of the CPG, although country-specific differences were noted. To conclude, there is an urgent need for harmonized, up-to-date CPGs for pharmacological management of peripartum depression and comorbid anxiety in Europe. The recommendations need to be informed by the latest available evidence so that healthcare providers and women can make informed, evidence-based decisions about treatment choices. KW - clinical practice guideline KW - depression KW - anxiety KW - antidepressant KW - psychotropic medications KW - peripartum Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262130 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 19 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Julia A1 - Knop, Stefan A1 - Danhof, Sophia A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Keller, Daniela A1 - Löffler, Claudia T1 - The influence of baseline characteristics, treatment and depression on health-related quality of life in patients with multiple myeloma: a prospective observational study JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is the third most common hematologic malignancy with increasing importance due to improving treatment strategies and long-term outcomes in an aging population. This study aims to analyse influencing factors on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), such as treatment strategies, participation in a clinical trial and patient characteristics like anxiety, depression, gender, and age. A better understanding of the individual factors in context with HRQoL could provide a helpful instrument for clinical decisions. Methods In this prospective observational study, the HRQoL of MM patients with different therapies (first-line and relapse) was quantified by standardized questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30 and -MY20) in the context of sociodemographic data, individual anxiety and depressiveness (PHQ-4), and a selected number of clinical parameters and symptoms at defined time-points before, during, and after therapy. Results In total, 70 patients were included in the study. The median age of the study cohort was 62 years. 44% were female and 56% were male patients. More than half of the patients were fully active with an ECOG 0. Global health status was significantly higher in patients with first-line treatment and even increased after start of therapy, while the pain level decreased. In contrast, patients with relapsed MM reported a decreasing global health status and increasing pain. Additionally, there was a higher global health status in less anxious/depressive patients. HRQoL decreased significantly after start of chemotherapy in the parameters body image, side effects of treatment, and cognitive functioning. Tandem stem-cell transplantation was not found to be a risk factor for higher impairment of HRQoL. Participation in a clinical study led to an improvement of most aspects of HRQoL. Among others, increased anxiety and depression, female gender, older age, impaired performance status, and recurrent disease can be early indicators for a reduced HRQoL. Conclusion This study showed the importance of regular longitudinal assessments of patient reported outcomes (PROs) in routine clinical care. For the first time, to our knowledge, we were able to demonstrate a potential impact between participation in clinical trials and HRQoL. However, due to frequently restrictive inclusion criteria for clinical trials, these MM patients might not be directly comparable with patients treated within standard therapy concepts. Further studies are needed to clarify the relevance of this preliminary data in order to develop an individualized, patient-centred, therapy concept. KW - multiple myeloma KW - quality of life KW - participation in clinical trials KW - depression KW - observational Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300435 VL - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heckmann, Manfred A1 - Pauli, Martin T1 - Visualizing presynaptic active zones and synaptic vesicles JF - Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience N2 - The presynaptic active zone (AZ) of chemical synapses is a highly dynamic compartment where synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release take place. During evolution the AZ was optimized for speed, accuracy, and reliability of chemical synaptic transmission in combination with miniaturization and plasticity. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) offers nanometer spatial resolution as well as information about copy number, localization, and orientation of proteins of interest in AZs. This type of imaging allows quantifications of activity dependent AZ reorganizations, e.g., in the context of presynaptic homeostatic potentiation. In combination with high-pressure freezing and optogenetic or electrical stimulation AZs can be imaged with millisecond temporal resolution during synaptic activity. Therefore SMLM allows the determination of key parameters in the complex spatial environment of AZs, necessary for next generation simulations of chemical synapses with realistic protein arrangements. KW - active zone KW - depression KW - facilitation KW - plasticity KW - potentiation KW - synapse Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-274687 SN - 1663-3563 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheiner, Christin A1 - Grashoff, Jan A1 - Kleindienst, Nikolaus A1 - Buerger, Arne T1 - Mental disorders at the beginning of adolescence: Prevalence estimates in a sample aged 11-14 years JF - Public Health in Practice N2 - Objectives This study aims to provide a deeper insight into mental disorders in early adolescence. We report prevalence rates (mental health problems, depressive symptoms, eating disorders, NSSI, STBs) to be used in future studies and clinical ventures. We also expected to find gender differences, with girls being be more affected than boys are. Study design 877 adolescents (M = 12.43, SD = 0.65) from seven German high schools completed a series of questionnaires assessing their mental health (SDQ, PHQ-9, SEED, DSHI-9, Paykel Suicide Scale, FAS III). Methods We calculated cut-off-based prevalence estimates for mental health issues for the whole sample and compared estimates between genders. Results 12.5% of the sample reported general mental health problems. The estimated prevalence of depressive symptoms lay at of 11.5%. Additionally, 12.1% and 1.3% of the participants displayed relevant symptoms of anorexia or bulimia nervosa, respectively. A total of 10.8% reported engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) at least once in their lifetime, of whom 5.6% reported repetitive NSSI. 30.1% of the participants described suicidal thoughts, 9.9% suicide plans, and 3.5% at least one suicide attempt. Girls were generally more affected than boys, except for bulimia nervosa, suicidal behavior, and partly NSSI. Conclusion Our findings corroborate the established relevance of early adolescence for the development of mental health problems and suggest that a substantial proportion of young adolescents suffer from such problems early on. Considering the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and reported negative mental health consequences, the current findings underline the importance of preventive interventions to avoid the manifestation of mental disorders during adolescence. KW - STBS KW - depression KW - eating disorders KW - mental health KW - adolescence KW - prevalence KW - NSSI Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300404 VL - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gründahl, Marthe A1 - Weiß, Martin A1 - Maier, Lisa A1 - Hewig, Johannes A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Hein, Grit T1 - Construction and validation of a scale to measure loneliness and isolation during social distancing and its effect on mental health JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry N2 - A variety of factors contribute to the degree to which a person feels lonely and socially isolated. These factors may be particularly relevant in contexts requiring social distancing, e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic or in states of immunodeficiency. We present the Loneliness and Isolation during Social Distancing (LISD) Scale. Extending existing measures, the LISD scale measures both state and trait aspects of loneliness and isolation, including indicators of social connectedness and support. In addition, it reliably predicts individual differences in anxiety and depression. Data were collected online from two independent samples in a social distancing context (the COVID-19 pandemic). Factorial validation was based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA; Sample 1, N = 244) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; Sample 2, N = 304). Multiple regression analyses were used to assess how the LISD scale predicts state anxiety and depression. The LISD scale showed satisfactory fit in both samples. Its two state factors indicate being lonely and isolated as well as connected and supported, while its three trait factors reflect general loneliness and isolation, sociability and sense of belonging, and social closeness and support. Our results imply strong predictive power of the LISD scale for state anxiety and depression, explaining 33 and 51% of variance, respectively. Anxiety and depression scores were particularly predicted by low dispositional sociability and sense of belonging and by currently being more lonely and isolated. In turn, being lonely and isolated was related to being less connected and supported (state) as well as having lower social closeness and support in general (trait). We provide a novel scale which distinguishes between acute and general dimensions of loneliness and social isolation while also predicting mental health. The LISD scale could be a valuable and economic addition to the assessment of mental health factors impacted by social distancing. KW - loneliness KW - social isolation KW - social distancing KW - depression KW - anxiety Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-269446 SN - 1664-0640 VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dufner, Vera A1 - Kessler, Almuth Friederike A1 - Just, Larissa A1 - Hau, Peter A1 - Bumes, Elisabeth A1 - Pels, Hendrik Johannes A1 - Grauer, Oliver Martin A1 - Wiese, Bettina A1 - Löhr, Mario A1 - Jordan, Karin A1 - Strik, Herwig T1 - The emesis trial: depressive glioma patients are more affected by chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting JF - Frontiers in Neurology N2 - Purpose Glioma patients face a limited life expectancy and at the same time, they suffer from afflicting symptoms and undesired effects of tumor treatment. Apart from bone marrow suppression, standard chemotherapy with temozolomide causes nausea, emesis and loss of appetite. In this pilot study, we investigated how chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) affects the patients' levels of depression and their quality of life. Methods In this prospective observational multicentre study (n = 87), nausea, emesis and loss of appetite were evaluated with an expanded MASCC questionnaire, covering 10 days during the first and the second cycle of chemotherapy. Quality of life was assessed with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and BN 20 questionnaire and levels of depression with the PHQ-9 inventory before and after the first and second cycle of chemotherapy. Results CINV affected a minor part of patients. If present, it reached its maximum at day 3 and decreased to baseline level not before day 8. Levels of depression increased significantly after the first cycle of chemotherapy, but decreased during the further course of treatment. Patients with higher levels of depression were more severely affected by CINV and showed a lower quality of life through all time-points. Conclusion We conclude that symptoms of depression should be perceived in advance and treated in order to avoid more severe side effects of tumor treatment. Additionally, in affected patients, delayed nausea was most prominent, pointing toward an activation of the NK1 receptor. We conclude that long acting antiemetics are necessary totreat temozolomide-induced nausea. KW - glioblastoma KW - chemotherapy KW - depression KW - nausea and emesis KW - quality of life Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262859 SN - 1664-2295 VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schischlevskij, Pavel A1 - Cordts, Isabell A1 - Günther, René A1 - Stolte, Benjamin A1 - Zeller, Daniel A1 - Schröter, Carsten A1 - Weyen, Ute A1 - Regensburger, Martin A1 - Wolf, Joachim A1 - Schneider, Ilka A1 - Hermann, Andreas A1 - Metelmann, Moritz A1 - Kohl, Zacharias A1 - Linker, Ralf A. A1 - Koch, Jan Christoph A1 - Stendel, Claudia A1 - Müschen, Lars H. A1 - Osmanovic, Alma A1 - Binz, Camilla A1 - Klopstock, Thomas A1 - Dorst, Johannes A1 - Ludolph, Albert C. A1 - Boentert, Matthias A1 - Hagenacker, Tim A1 - Deschauer, Marcus A1 - Lingor, Paul A1 - Petri, Susanne A1 - Schreiber-Katz, Olivia T1 - Informal caregiving in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a high caregiver burden and drastic consequences on caregivers' lives JF - Brain Sciences N2 - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive autonomy loss and need for care. This does not only affect patients themselves, but also the patients’ informal caregivers (CGs) in their health, personal and professional lives. The big efforts of this multi-center study were not only to evaluate the caregivers' burden and to identify its predictors, but it also should provide a specific understanding of the needs of ALS patients' CGs and fill the gap of knowledge on their personal and work lives. Using standardized questionnaires, primary data from patients and their main informal CGs (n = 249) were collected. Patients' functional status and disease severity were evaluated using the Barthel Index, the revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and the King’s Stages for ALS. The caregivers' burden was recorded by the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Comorbid anxiety and depression of caregivers were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Additionally, the EuroQol Five Dimension Five Level Scale evaluated their health-related quality of life. The caregivers' burden was high (mean ZBI = 26/88, 0 = no burden, ≥24 = highly burdened) and correlated with patients' functional status (r\(_p\) = −0.555, p < 0.001, n = 242). It was influenced by the CGs' own mental health issues due to caregiving (+11.36, 95% CI [6.84; 15.87], p < 0.001), patients' wheelchair dependency (+9.30, 95% CI [5.94; 12.66], p < 0.001) and was interrelated with the CGs' depression (r\(_p\) = 0.627, p < 0.001, n = 234), anxiety (r\(_p\) = 0.550, p < 0.001, n = 234), and poorer physical condition (r\(_p\) = −0.362, p < 0.001, n = 237). Moreover, female CGs showed symptoms of anxiety more often, which also correlated with the patients' impairment in daily routine (r\(_s\) = −0.280, p < 0.001, n = 169). As increasing disease severity, along with decreasing autonomy, was the main predictor of caregiver burden and showed to create relevant (negative) implications on CGs' lives, patient care and supportive therapies should address this issue. Moreover, in order to preserve the mental and physical health of the CGs, new concepts of care have to focus on both, on not only patients but also their CGs and gender-associated specific issues. As caregiving in ALS also significantly influences the socioeconomic status by restrictions in CGs' work lives and income, and the main reported needs being lack of psychological support and a high bureaucracy, the situation of CGs needs more attention. Apart from their own multi-disciplinary medical and psychological care, more support in care and patient management issues is required. KW - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) KW - informal caregiving KW - caregiver burden KW - functional status KW - decreasing autonomy KW - depression KW - anxiety KW - health-related quality of life KW - socioeconomic status KW - psychological support Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240981 SN - 2076-3425 VL - 11 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zech, Linda D. A1 - Scherf-Clavel, Maike A1 - Daniels, Christine A1 - Schwab, Michael A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Unterecker, Stefan A1 - Herr, Alexandra S. T1 - Patients with higher vitamin D levels show stronger improvement of self-reported depressive symptoms in psychogeriatric day-care setting JF - Journal of Neural Transmission N2 - Depression is a common psychiatric disorder among geriatric patients that decreases the quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D as a neuro-steroid hormone might play a role in the onset and treatment of depression. In the present study, the association between depressive symptoms and vitamin D concentration in serum was evaluated. 140 patients of a psychogeriatric day-care unit were included. The geriatric depression scale (GDS) and the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) were assessed at the beginning and end of treatment, GDS scores additionally 6 weeks after discharge from the day-care unit. Vitamin D levels were measured at the beginning of the treatment, routinely. Patients with levels below 30 µg/L were treated with 1000 IU vitamin D per day. There was no association between the severity of depressive symptoms and the concentration of vitamin D at the beginning of the treatment. Patients with higher vitamin D levels showed a stronger decline of depressive symptoms measured by the GDS during their stay in the day-care unit. We provide evidence that vitamin D serum levels might influence antidepressant therapy response in a geriatric population. Prospective studies are necessary to determine which patients may profit from add-on vitamin D therapy. KW - anti-depressive treatment KW - psycho-geriatrics KW - vitamin D deficiency KW - depression Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268525 SN - 1435-1463 VL - 128 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Munter, Johannes A1 - Pavlov, Dmitrii A1 - Gorlova, Anna A1 - Sicker, Michael A1 - Proshin, Andrey A1 - Kalueff, Allan V. A1 - Svistunov, Andrey A1 - Kiselev, Daniel A1 - Nedorubov, Andrey A1 - Morozov, Sergey A1 - Umriukhin, Aleksei A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter A1 - Strekalova, Tatyana A1 - Schroeter, Careen A. T1 - Increased Oxidative Stress in the Prefrontal Cortex as a Shared Feature of Depressive- and PTSD-Like Syndromes: Effects of a Standardized Herbal Antioxidant JF - Frontiers in Nutrition N2 - Major depression (MD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) share common brain mechanisms and treatment strategies. Nowadays, the dramatically developing COVID-19 situation unavoidably results in stress, psychological trauma, and high incidence of MD and PTSD. Hence, the importance of the development of new treatments for these disorders cannot be overstated. Herbal medicine appears to be an effective and safe treatment with fewer side effects than classic pharmaca and that is affordable in low-income countries. Currently, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation attract increasing attention as important mechanisms of MD and PTSD. We investigated the effects of a standardized herbal cocktail (SHC), an extract of clove, bell pepper, basil, pomegranate, nettle, and other plants, that was designed as an antioxidant treatment in mouse models of MD and PTSD. In the MD model of “emotional” ultrasound stress (US), mice were subjected to ultrasound frequencies of 16–20 kHz, mimicking rodent sounds of anxiety/despair and “neutral” frequencies of 25–45 kHz, for three weeks and concomitantly treated with SHC. US-exposed mice showed elevated concentrations of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, increased gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and other molecular changes in the prefrontal cortex as well as weight loss, helplessness, anxiety-like behavior, and neophobia that were ameliorated by the SHC treatment. In the PTSD model of the modified forced swim test (modFST), in which a 2-day swim is followed by an additional swim on day 5, mice were pretreated with SHC for 16 days. Increases in the floating behavior and oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in the prefrontal cortex of modFST-mice were prevented by the administration of SHC. Chromatography mass spectrometry revealed bioactive constituents of SHC, including D-ribofuranose, beta-D-lactose, malic, glyceric, and citric acids that can modulate oxidative stress, immunity, and gut and microbiome functions and, thus, are likely to be active antistress elements underlying the beneficial effects of SHC. Significant correlations of malondialdehyde concentration in the prefrontal cortex with altered measures of behavioral despair and anxiety-like behavior suggest that the accumulation of oxidative stress markers are a common biological feature of MD and PTSD that can be equally effectively targeted therapeutically with antioxidant therapy, such as the SHC investigated here. KW - antioxidant nutrients KW - oxidative stress KW - depression KW - post-traumatic stress disorder KW - pro-inflammatory cytokines KW - prefrontal cortex KW - forced swimming KW - mice Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236326 SN - 2296-861X VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Popp, Sandy A1 - Schmitt-Böhrer, Angelika A1 - Langer, Simon A1 - Hofmann, Ulrich A1 - Hommers, Leif A1 - Schuh, Kai A1 - Frantz, Stefan A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter A1 - Frey, Anna T1 - 5-HTT Deficiency in Male Mice Affects Healing and Behavior after Myocardial Infarction JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Anxiety disorders and depression are common comorbidities in cardiac patients. Mice lacking the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) exhibit increased anxiety-like behavior. However, the role of 5-HTT deficiency on cardiac aging, and on healing and remodeling processes after myocardial infarction (MI), remains unclear. Cardiological evaluation of experimentally naïve male mice revealed a mild cardiac dysfunction in ≥4-month-old 5-HTT knockout (−/−) animals. Following induction of chronic cardiac dysfunction (CCD) by MI vs. sham operation 5-HTT−/− mice with infarct sizes >30% experienced 100% mortality, while 50% of 5-HTT+/− and 37% of 5-HTT+/+ animals with large MI survived the 8-week observation period. Surviving (sham and MI < 30%) 5-HTT−/− mutants displayed reduced exploratory activity and increased anxiety-like behavior in different approach-avoidance tasks. However, CCD failed to provoke a depressive-like behavioral response in either 5-Htt genotype. Mechanistic analyses were performed on mice 3 days post-MI. Electrocardiography, histology and FACS of inflammatory cells revealed no abnormalities. However, gene expression of inflammation-related cytokines (TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-6) and MMP-2, a protein involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix, was significantly increased in 5-HTT−/− mice after MI. This study shows that 5-HTT deficiency leads to age-dependent cardiac dysfunction and disrupted early healing after MI probably due to alterations of inflammatory processes in mice. KW - chronic heart failure KW - myocardial infarction KW - serotonin transporter deficient mice KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - behavior KW - inflammation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242739 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 10 IS - 14 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zech, Linda T1 - Vitamin-D-Status und depressive Symptome bei gerontopsychiatrischen Patienten T1 - Vitamin d level and depressive symptoms in psychogeriatric patients N2 - In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Zusammenhang des depressiven Syndroms mit dem Vitamin D-Spiegel an einer Stichprobe gerontopsychiatrischer Patienten (n = 140) der Neurogerontopsychiatrischen Tagesklinik Würzburg untersucht. Die Depressivität der Patienten zu Beginn und im Verlauf der Behandlung wurde zum einen mittels der ICD-10-Klassifikation, zum anderen mittels des Scores auf der GDS- und Hamilton-Skala zu Beginn und Ende des Aufenthalts in der Tagesklinik sowie bei einer poststationären Kontrolle bestimmt. Der Vitamin D-Spiegel wurde bei Behandlungsbeginn bestimmt und im Falle eines Mangels 1000 IU Vitamin D am Tag oral substituiert. Hierbei zeigte sich kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Ausprägung des depressiven Syndroms und dem Vitamin D-Spiegel zu Beginn der Behandlung. Dagegen stellte sich heraus, dass Patienten mit einem höheren Spiegel eine deutlichere Verbesserung der depressiven Symptome auf der GDS im Verlauf der Behandlung erfuhren. Außerdem bestand eine signifikante negative Korrelation zwischen BMI und Vitamin D-Spiegel sowie eine Abhängigkeit der Spiegelhöhe von der Jahreszeit. Vitamin D könnte nach den Ergebnissen dieser Studie möglicherweise eine wirkungssteigernde und nebenwirkungsarme Komedikation in der antidepressiven Therapie von älteren psychisch erkrankten Menschen darstellen. Es bedarf weiterer ausführlicher Forschung über den neurophysiologischen Zusammenhang zwischen Vitamin D und der Schwere einer depressiven Erkrankung. Besonders hinsichtlich der Verwendung von Vitamin D als Komedikation gilt es, weitere intensive Forschung in Form von gut designten, randomisierten Fall-Kontroll-Studien und prospektiven Interventionsstudien zu betreiben, um die Therapie von depressiven Patienten im höheren Lebensalter weiter zu verbessern. N2 - Depression is a common psychiatric disorder among geriatric patients that decreases the quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D as a neurosteroid hormone might play a role in the onset and treatment of depression. In the present study the association between depressive symptoms and vitamin D concentration in serum was evaluated. 140 patients of a psychogeriatric day-care unit were included. The geriatric depression score (GDS) and the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) were assessed at the beginning and end of treatment, GDS-scores additionally 6 weeks after discharge from the day-care unit. Vitamin D levels were measured at the beginning of the treatment. Patients with levels below 30 mg/l were treated with 1000 IU Vitamin D per day. There was no association between the severity of depression symptoms and the concentration of vitamin D at the beginning of the treatment. Patients with higher vitamin D levels showed a stronger decline of depressive symptoms measured by the GDS during their stay in the day-care unit. Although no association between vitamin D concentration and severity of depression symptoms was found, vitamin D substitution could improve the effectiveness of an antidepressive treatment in geriatric patients. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the neurophysiological association between the serum concentration of vitamin D and symptoms of depression. KW - Altersdepression KW - Depression KW - Vitamin-D-Mangel KW - Geriatrie KW - Alterspsychiatrie KW - depressive Symptome KW - Gerontopsychiatrie KW - Vitamin D KW - Altersmedizin KW - antidepressive Therapie KW - psychogeriatrics KW - old age depression KW - depression KW - depressive symptoms KW - vitamin d Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250745 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wittkowski, Joachim A1 - Scheuchenpflug, Rainer T1 - Evidence on the Conceptual Distinctness of Normal Grief From Depression BT - A Multi-Faceted Analysis of Differential Validity JF - European Journal of Health Psychology N2 - Background: The distinctness of grief from depression has been the subject of a long scholarly debate, even influencing definitions of diagnostic criteria. Aims: This study aims at clarifying the issue by a multifaceted analysis of data from a large German sample. Method: A community sample of 406 bereaved persons answered the Wuerzburg Grief Inventory (WGI), a multidimensional grief questionnaire designed to measure normal grief in the German language, and the General Depression Scale – Short Version (GDS-S), a self-report depression scale. Data were analyzed by factor analysis to identify structural (dis-)similarities of the constructs, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify the influence of the factors relationship to the deceased, type of death, and time since loss on grief measures and depression scores. Results: Factor analysis clustered items referring to grief-related impairments and depression into one factor, items referring to other dimensions of grief on separate factors, however. Relationship to the deceased influenced the grief measures impairments and nearness to the deceased, but not depression scores if controlled for impairments. Type of death showed specific effects on grief scores, but not on depression scores. Time since loss influenced grief scores, but not depression scores. Limitations: The analysis is based on a self-selected community sample of grieving persons, self-report measures, and in part, on cross-sectional data. Conclusion: Factor analysis and objective data show a clear distinction of dimensions of grief and depression. The human experience of grief contains a sense of nearness to the lost person, feelings of guilt, and positive aspects of the loss experience in addition to components resembling depression. KW - depression KW - grief KW - time since loss KW - type of death KW - Wuerzburg Grief Inventory (WGI) Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236531 SN - 2512-8442 SN - 2512-8450 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 101-110 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esser, Peter A1 - Mehnert‐Theuerkauf, Anja A1 - Friedrich, Michael A1 - Johansen, Christoffer A1 - Brähler, Elmar A1 - Faller, Hermann A1 - Härter, Martin A1 - Koch, Uwe A1 - Schulz, Holger A1 - Wegscheider, Karl A1 - Weis, Joachim A1 - Kuba, Katharina A1 - Hinz, Andreas A1 - Hartung, Tim T1 - Risk and associated factors of depression and anxiety in men with prostate cancer: Results from a German multicenter study JF - Psycho‐Oncology N2 - Objective In order to optimize psycho‐oncological care, studies that quantify the extent of distress and identify certain risk groups are needed. Among patients with prostate cancer (PCa), findings on depression and anxiety are limited. Methods We analyzed data of PCa patients selected from a German multi‐center study. Depression and anxiety were assessed with the PHQ‐9 and the GAD‐7 (cut‐off ≥7). We provided physical symptom burden, calculated absolute and relative risk (AR and RR) of depression and anxiety across patient subsets and between patients and the general population (GP) and tested age as a moderator within the relationship of disease‐specific symptoms with depression and anxiety. Results Among 636 participants, the majority reported disease‐specific problems (sexuality: 60%; urination: 52%). AR for depression and anxiety was 23% and 22%, respectively. Significant RR were small, with higher risks of distress in patients who are younger (eg, RR\(_{depression}\) = 1.15; 95%‐CI: 1.06‐1.26), treated with chemotherapy (RR\(_{depression}\)n = 1.46; 95%‐CI: 1.09‐1.96) or having metastases (RR\(_{depression}\) = 1.30; 95%‐CI: 1.02‐1.65). Risk of distress was slightly elevated compared to GP (eg, RR\(_{depression}\) = 1.13; 95%‐CI: 1.07‐1.19). Age moderated the relationship between symptoms and anxiety (B\(_{urination}\) = −0.10, P = .02; B\(_{sexuality}\) = −0.11, P = .01). Conclusions Younger patients, those with metastases or treatment with chemotherapy seem to be at elevated risk for distress and should be closely monitored. Many patients suffer from disease‐specific symptom burden, by which younger patients seem to be particularly distressed. Support of coping mechanisms associated with disease‐specific symptom burden seems warranted. KW - anxiety KW - cancer KW - depression KW - oncology KW - prostatic neoplasms Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218277 VL - 29 IS - 10 SP - 1604 EP - 1612 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angermann, Christiane E. A1 - Assmus, Birgit A1 - Anker, Stefan D. A1 - Asselbergs, Folkert W. A1 - Brachmann, Johannes A1 - Brett, Marie‐Elena A1 - Brugts, Jasper J. A1 - Ertl, Georg A1 - Ginn, Greg A1 - Hilker, Lutz A1 - Koehler, Friedrich A1 - Rosenkranz, Stephan A1 - Zhou, Qian A1 - Adamson, Philip B. A1 - Böhm, Michael T1 - Pulmonary artery pressure‐guided therapy in ambulatory patients with symptomatic heart failure: the CardioMEMS European Monitoring Study for Heart Failure (MEMS‐HF) JF - European Journal of Heart Failure N2 - Aims Heart failure (HF) leads to repeat hospitalisations and reduces the duration and quality of life. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)‐guided HF management using the CardioMEMS™ HF system was shown to be safe and reduce HF hospitalisation (HFH) rates in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III patients. However, these findings have not been replicated in health systems outside the United States. Therefore, the CardioMEMS European Monitoring Study for Heart Failure (MEMS‐HF) evaluated the safety, feasibility, and performance of this device in Germany, The Netherlands, and Ireland. Methods and results A total of 234 NYHA class III patients (68 ± 11 years, 22% female, ≥1 HFH in the preceding year) from 31 centres were implanted with a CardioMEMS sensor and underwent PAP‐guided HF management. One‐year rates of freedom from device‐ or system‐related complications and from sensor failure (co‐primary outcomes) were 98.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 95.8–100.0] and 99.6% (95% CI 97.6–100.0), respectively. Survival rate was 86.2%. For the 12 months post‐ vs. pre‐implant, HFHs decreased by 62% (0.60 vs. 1.55 events/patient‐year; hazard ratio 0.38, 95% CI 0.31–0.48; P < 0.0001). After 12 months, mean PAP decreased by 5.1 ± 7.4 mmHg, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) overall/clinical summary scores increased from 47.0 ± 24.0/51.2 ± 24.8 to 60.5 ± 24.3/62.4 ± 24.1 (P < 0.0001), and the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire sum score improved from 8.7 ± 5.9 to 6.3 ± 5.1 (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Haemodynamic‐guided HF management proved feasible and safe in the health systems of Germany, The Netherlands, and Ireland. Physician‐directed treatment modifications based on remotely obtained PAP values were associated with fewer HFH, sustainable PAP decreases, marked KCCQ improvements, and remission of depressive symptoms. KW - heart failure KW - morbidity KW - haemodynamic monitoring KW - CardioMEMS™ HF system KW - health‐related quality of life KW - depression Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218061 VL - 22 IS - 10 SP - 1891 EP - 1901 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biere, Silvia A1 - Kranz, Thorsten M. A1 - Matura, Silke A1 - Petrova, Kristiyana A1 - Streit, Fabian A1 - Chiocchetti, Andreas G. A1 - Grimm, Oliver A1 - Brum, Murielle A1 - Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Natalie A1 - Oertel, Viola A1 - Malyshau, Aliaksandr A1 - Pfennig, Andrea A1 - Bauer, Michael A1 - Schulze, Thomas G. A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Reif, Andreas T1 - Risk Stratification for Bipolar Disorder Using Polygenic Risk Scores Among Young High-Risk Adults JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry N2 - Objective: Identifying high-risk groups with an increased genetic liability for bipolar disorder (BD) will provide insights into the etiology of BD and contribute to early detection of BD. We used the BD polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from BD genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to explore how such genetic risk manifests in young, high-risk adults. We postulated that BD-PRS would be associated with risk factors for BD. Methods: A final sample of 185 young, high-risk German adults (aged 18–35 years) were grouped into three risk groups and compared to a healthy control group (n = 1,100). The risk groups comprised 117 cases with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 45 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 23 help-seeking adults with early recognition symptoms [ER: positive family history for BD, (sub)threshold affective symptomatology and/or mood swings, sleeping disorder]. BD-PRS was computed for each participant. Logistic regression models (controlling for sex, age, and the first five ancestry principal components) were used to assess associations of BD-PRS and the high-risk phenotypes. Results: We observed an association between BD-PRS and combined risk group status (OR = 1.48, p < 0.001), ADHD diagnosis (OR = 1.32, p = 0.009), MDD diagnosis (OR = 1.96, p < 0.001), and ER group status (OR = 1.7, p = 0.025; not significant after correction for multiple testing) compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: In the present study, increased genetic risk for BD was a significant predictor for MDD and ADHD status, but not for ER. These findings support an underlying shared risk for both MDD and BD as well as ADHD and BD. Improving our understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of these phenotypes may aid in early identification and risk stratification. KW - polygenic risk score KW - bipolar disorder KW - genetic phenotypes KW - depression KW - ADHD KW - early recognition Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214976 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oorschot, Birgitt van A1 - Ishii, Koji A1 - Kusomoto, Yuko A1 - Zetzl, Theresa A1 - Roch, Carmen A1 - Mettenleiter, Andreas A1 - Ozawa, Hiroko A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - Anxiety, depression and psychosocial needs are the most frequent concerns reported by patients: preliminary results of a comparative explorative analysis of two hospital-based palliative care teams in Germany and Japan JF - Journal of Neural Transmission N2 - In the partnership between the medical departments of Würzburg University, Germany, and Nagasaki University, Japan, palliative care is a relevant topic. The aim of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of the hospital-based palliative care teams in Würzburg (PCT-W) and Nagasaki (PCT-N). Survey of staff composition and retrospective analysis of PCT patient charts in both PCTs were conducted. Patients self-assessed their symptoms in PCT-W and in Radiation Oncology Würzburg (RO-W). The (negative) quality indicator ‘percentage of deceased hospitalised patients with PCT contact for less than 3 days before death’ (Earle in Int J Qual Health Care 17(6):505–509, 2005) was analysed. Both PCTs follow a multidisciplinary team approach. PCT-N saw 410 cancer patients versus 853 patients for PCT-W (22.8% non-cancer patients). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status at first contact with PCT-N was 3 or 4 in 39.3% of patients versus 79.0% for PCT-W. PCT-N was engaged in co-management longer than PCT-W (mean 20.7 days, range 1–102 versus mean 4.9 days, range 1–48). The most frequent patient-reported psychological symptom was anxiety (family anxiety: 98.3% PCT-W and 88.7% RO-W, anxiety 97.9% PCT-W and 85.9% RO-W), followed by depression (98.2% PCT-W and 80.3% RO-W). In 14 of the 148 deceased patients, PCT-N contact was initiated less than 3 days before death (9.4%) versus 121 of the 729 deceased PCT-W patients (16.6%). Psychological needs are highly relevant in both Germany and Japan, with more than 85% anxiety and depression in patients in the Japanese IPOS validation study (Sakurai in Jpn J Clin Oncol 49(3):257–262, 2019). This should be taken into account when implementing PCTs. KW - hospital-based palliative care KW - patient-reported outcome KW - quaility indicator KW - anxiety KW - depression Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235675 SN - 0300-9564 VL - 127 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zetzl, Teresa A1 - Renner, Agnes A1 - Pittig, Andre A1 - Jentschke, Elisabeth A1 - Roch, Carmen A1 - van Oorschot, Birgitt T1 - Yoga effectively reduces fatigue and symptoms of depression in patients with different types of cancer JF - Supportive Care in Cancer N2 - Purpose Examine the effects of an 8-week yoga therapy on fatigue in patients with different types of cancer. Methods A total of 173 cancer patients suffering from mild to severe fatigue were randomly allocated to yoga intervention (n = 84) (IG) versus waitlist control group (CG) (n = 88). Yoga therapy consisted of eight weekly sessions with 60 min each. The primary outcome was self-reported fatigue symptoms. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life (QoL). Data were assessed using questionnaires before (T0) and after yoga therapy for IG versus waiting period for CG (T1). Results A stronger reduction of general fatigue (P = .033), physical fatigue (P = .048), and depression (P < .001) as well as a stronger increase in QoL (P = .002) was found for patients who attended 7 or 8 sessions compared with controls. Within the yoga group, both higher attendance rate and lower T0-fatigue were significant predictors of lower T1-fatigue (P ≤ .001). Exploratory results revealed that women with breast cancer report a higher reduction of fatigue than women with other types of cancer (P = .016) after yoga therapy. Conclusion The findings support the assumption that yoga therapy is useful to reduce cancer-related fatigue, especially for the physical aspects of fatigue. Women with breast cancer seem to benefit most, and higher attendance rate results in greater reduction of fatigue. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016034 KW - yoga KW - complementary alternative medicine KW - mind-body intervention KW - fatigue KW - depression KW - quality of live Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235415 SN - 0941-4355 VL - 29 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kingslake, Jonathan A1 - Dias, Rebecca A1 - Dawson, Gerard R. A1 - Simon, Judit A1 - Goodwin, Guy M. A1 - Harmer, Catherine J. A1 - Morriss, Richard A1 - Brown, Susan A1 - Guo, Boliang A1 - Dourish, Colin T. A1 - Ruhé, Henricus G. A1 - Lever, Anne G. A1 - Veltman, Dick J. A1 - van Schaik, Anneke A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Stäblein, Michael A1 - Menke, Andreas A1 - Gorwood, Philip A1 - Voegeli, Géraldine A1 - Perez, Victor A1 - Browning, Michael T1 - The effects of using the PReDicT Test to guide the antidepressant treatment of depressed patients: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial JF - Trials N2 - Background Antidepressant medication is commonly used to treat depression. However, many patients do not respond to the first medication prescribed and improvements in symptoms are generally only detectable by clinicians 4–6 weeks after the medication has been initiated. As a result, there is often a long delay between the decision to initiate an antidepressant medication and the identification of an effective treatment regimen. Previous work has demonstrated that antidepressant medications alter subtle measures of affective cognition in depressed patients, such as the appraisal of facial expression. Furthermore, these cognitive effects of antidepressants are apparent early in the course of treatment and can also predict later clinical response. This trial will assess whether an electronic test of affective cognition and symptoms (the Predicting Response to Depression Treatment Test; PReDicT Test) can be used to guide antidepressant treatment in depressed patients and, therefore, hasten treatment response compared to a control group of patients treated as usual. Methods/design The study is a randomised, two-arm, multi-centre, open-label, clinical investigation of a medical device, the PReDicT Test. It will be conducted in five European countries (UK, France, Spain, Germany and the Netherlands) in depressed patients who are commencing antidepressant medication. Patients will be randomised to treatment guided by the PReDicT Test (PReDicT arm) or to Treatment as Usual (TaU arm). Patients in the TaU arm will be treated as per current standard guidelines in their particular country. Patients in the PReDicT arm will complete the PReDicT Test after 1 (and if necessary, 2) weeks of treatment. If the test indicates non-response to the treatment, physicians will be advised to immediately alter the patient’s antidepressant therapy by dose escalation or switching to another compound. The primary outcome of the study is the proportion of patients showing a clinical response (defined as 50% or greater decrease in baseline scores of depressionmeasured using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms – Self-Rated questionnaire) at week 8. Health economic and acceptability data will also be collected and analysed. Discussion This trial will test the clinical efficacy, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of using the novel PReDicT Test to guide antidepressant treatment selection in depressed patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02790970. Registered on 30 March 2016. KW - psychiatry KW - depression KW - prediction KW - treatment KW - antidepressant KW - primary care Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173012 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, Michaela Maria A1 - Müller-Oerlinghausen, Bruno A1 - Hemrich, Norbert A1 - Bönsch, Dominikus T1 - Effects of Psychoactive Massage in Outpatients with Depressive Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Mixed-Methods Study JF - Brain Sciences N2 - The clinical picture of depressive disorders is characterized by a plethora of somatic symptoms, psychomotor retardation, and, particularly, anhedonia. The number of patients with residual symptoms or treatment resistance is high. Touch is the basic communication among humans and animals. Its application professionally in the form of, e.g., psychoactive massage therapy, has been shown in the past to reduce the somatic and mental symptoms of depression and anxiety. Here, we investigated the effects of a specially developed affect-regulating massage therapy (ARMT) vs. individual treatment with a standardized relaxation procedure, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), in 57 outpatients with depression. Patients were given one ARMT or PMR session weekly over 4 weeks. Changes in somatic and cognitive symptoms were assessed by standard psychiatric instruments (Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and the Bech–Rafaelsen–Melancholia–Scale (BRMS)) as well as a visual analogue scale. Furthermore, oral statements from all participants were obtained in semi-structured interviews. The findings show clear and statistically significant superiority of ARMT over PMR. The results might be interpreted within various models. The concept of interoception, as well as the principles of body psychotherapy and phenomenological aspects, offers cues for understanding the mechanisms involved. Within a neurobiological context, the significance of C-tactile afferents activated by special touch techniques and humoral changes such as increased oxytocin levels open additional ways of interpreting our findings. KW - massage therapy KW - psychoactive massage KW - affect-regulating massage therapy KW - affective touch KW - depression KW - pain KW - interoception KW - C-tactile fibers KW - body psychotherapy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213385 SN - 2076-3425 VL - 10 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lulé, Dorothée A1 - Kübler, Andrea A1 - Ludolph, Albert C. T1 - Ethical principles in patient-centered medical care to support quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis JF - Frontiers in Neurology N2 - It is one of the primary goals of medical care to secure good quality of life (QoL) while prolonging survival. This is a major challenge in severe medical conditions with a prognosis such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Further, the definition of QoL and the question whether survival in this severe condition is compatible with a good QoL is a matter of subjective and culture-specific debate. Some people without neurodegenerative conditions believe that physical decline is incompatible with satisfactory QoL. Current data provide extensive evidence that psychosocial adaptation in ALS is possible, indicated by a satisfactory QoL. Thus, there is no fatalistic link of loss of QoL when physical health declines. There are intrinsic and extrinsic factors that have been shown to successfully facilitate and secure QoL in ALS which will be reviewed in the following article following the four ethical principles (1) Beneficence, (2) Non-maleficence, (3) Autonomy and (4) Justice, which are regarded as key elements of patient centered medical care according to Beauchamp and Childress. This is a JPND-funded work to summarize findings of the project NEEDSinALS (www.NEEDSinALS.com) which highlights subjective perspectives and preferences in medical decision making in ALS. KW - ethics KW - quality of life (QoL) KW - care KW - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) KW - well-being KW - depression KW - coping KW - psychosocial adaptation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196239 SN - 1664-2295 VL - 10 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schwarz, Elisa T1 - Psychische Belastung bei Patienten mit Multiplem Myelom vor autologer Stammzelltransplantation. Subanalyse von Zusammenhängen zwischen depressiven Symptomen und klinischen Variablen T1 - Psychological stress in patients with multiple myeloma before autologous stem cell transplantation. Subanalysis between depressive symptoms and clinical variables N2 - Bereits bestehende wissenschaftliche Literatur weist in präklinischen Ergebnissen darauf hin, dass das sympathische Nervensystem eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Mobilisierung von hämatopoetischen Stammzellen spielt. Mehrere Vorarbeiten lieferten Hinweise, dass psychischer Distress bei Stammzelltransplantation mit einem langsameren Anstieg der absoluten Leukozytenzahl während Aplasie einhergehen könnte. Die Dauer der Aplasie ist von klinischer Relevanz. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen Distress in Form von depressiven Symptomen und hämatologischer Rekonstitution nach erster autologer Stammzelltransplantation bei Patienten mit Multiplem Myelom (n = 47) untersucht. Mit Hilfe des Fragebogens PHQ-9 wurden die Patienten mit Multiplem Myelom am Tag ihrer ersten autologen Stammzelltransplantation auf depressive Symptome gescreent. Patienten mit Multiplem Myelom wiesen ein hohes Maß an Distress auf. In der Stichprobe aus 47 konsekutiven Patienten lag bei 12 Patienten (26%) Distress in Form von Symptomen einer Depression vor. Es ließ sich kein Zusammenhang zwischen psychischer Belastung und verlängerter hämatologischen Rekonstitution (r = 0.025; n = 37; p = 0.882) feststellen. Erstmalig wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen psychischer Belastung und klinischen Parametern während hämatologischer Rekonstitution untersucht. Dabei ergaben sich klinisch relevante Resultate. Es zeigte sich eine Tendenz mit einem größeren Bedarf an Erythrozytenkonzentraten bei Verdacht auf Depression (V = 0.387; p = 0.071). Nebenbefundlich ergab sich in der multivariaten Analyse der signifikante Zusammenhang, dass ein hohes molekulargenetisches Risiko mit einer größeren Anzahl an verabreichten Erythrozytenkonzentraten einhergeht (p = 0.046). Darüber hinaus ergab sich ein relevanter Zusammenhang zwischen Verdacht auf Depression nach PHQ-9 und Aufenthaltsdauer. Depressive Patienten waren demnach tendenziell kürzer im Krankenhaus (r = -0.25; n = 47; p = 0.09). N2 - Subject: Preclinical results indicate the crucial role of the sympathetic nervous system in the mobilization of haematopoietic stem cells. Several preliminary studies suggest that psychological stress in stem cell transplantation could be associated with a slower increase in absolute leukocyte counts during aplasia. The duration of aplasia is of clinical relevance. In the present work, correlation between distress in the form of depressive symptoms and haematological reconstitution after the first autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma (n=47) was examined. Methods: Patients with multiple myeloma were screened for depressive symptoms on the day of their first autologous stem cell transplant using the PHQ-9. Results: In patients with multiple myeloma a high degree of distress can be observed. In our sample of 47 patients, 12 patients (26%) experienced distress in the form of depressive symptoms. We could not establish a correlation between psychological stress and prolonged haematological reconstitution (r = 0.025; n = 37; p = 0.882). To the best of our knowledge, the correlation between psychological stress and clinical parameters during haematological reconstitution was examined for the first time. Clinically relevant results were shown. There was a trend with an increased requirement of erythrocyte concentrates when depression was suspected (V = 0.387; p = 0.071). Incidentally, the multivariate analysis showed the significant and clinically relevant connection that a high molecular genetic risk is associated with a larger number of administered erythrocyte concentrates (p = 0.046). There was also a relevant correlation between suspected depression after PHQ-9 and duration of hospitalisation. Hospitalisation of depressed patients tended to be shorter (r = -0.25; n = 47; p = 0.09). KW - Psychoneuroimmunologie KW - Multiples Myelom KW - Stammzelltransplantation KW - Depression KW - psychoneuroimmunology KW - multiple myeloma KW - stem cell transplantation KW - depression Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-205462 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Menke, Andreas T1 - Is the HPA axis as target for depression outdated, or is there a new hope? JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry N2 - Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a very common stress-related mental disorder that carries a huge burden for affected patients and the society. It is associated with a high mortality that derives from suicidality and the development of serious medical conditions such as heart diseases, diabetes, and stroke. Although a range of effective antidepressants are available, more than 50% of the patients do not respond to the first treatment they are prescribed and around 30% fail to respond even after several treatment attempts. The heterogeneous condition of MDD, the lack of biomarkers matching patients with the right treatments and the situation that almost all available drugs are only targeting the serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine signaling, without regulating other potentially dysregulated systems may explain the insufficient treatment status. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of these other systems, there is numerous and robust evidence that it is implicated in MDD and other stress-related conditions, but up to date there is no specific drug targeting HPA axis components that is approved and no test that is routinely used in the clinical setting identifying patients for such a specific treatment. Is there still hope after these many years for a breakthrough of agents targeting the HPA axis? This review will cover tests detecting altered HPA axis function and the specific treatment options such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists, corticotropin-releasing hormone 1 (CRH1) receptor antagonists, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitors and FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) receptor antagonists. KW - precision medicine KW - personalized medicine KW - biomarker KW - depression KW - HPA axis KW - glucocorticoid receptor KW - CRH1 KW - FKBP5 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195780 SN - 1664-0640 VL - 10 IS - 101 ER - TY - THES A1 - Brüser, Judith T1 - Prüfung der Effektivität eines interdisziplinären psychokardiologischen Behandlungsprogrammes auf die Reduktion von Depressivität, Angst und Panik und die Verbesserung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität bei psychisch belasteten kardiologischen Rehabilitanden T1 - Examination of the Effectiveness of an Interdisciplinary Psychocardiological Treatment Programme for the Reduction of Depressivity, Anxiety, and Panic and the Improvement of the Health-Related Quality of Life in Psychologically burdened Cardiological Rehabilitants N2 - In dieser Arbeit wurde geprüft, ob ein leitlinienkonformes psychokardiologisches Behandlungskonzept einer herkömmlichen kardiologischen Behandlung bei psychisch belasteten kardiologischen Rehabilitanden in der Reduktion von Angst, Depression und Panik (primäre Zielkriterien) und einer Verbesserung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (sekundäre Zielparameter) überlegen ist. In der Nebenfragstellung wurden Unterschiede in der Wirksamkeit der Intervention in Abhängigkeit vom Geschlecht explorativ geprüft. Die Fragestellungen wurden mit einem quasiexperimentellen Studiendesign mit sequentiell aufeinanderfolgenden Kohorten untersucht. Die Zielparameter wurden zu Rehabeginn, -ende und 6 Monate nach Entlassung mit validierten Fragebögen (PHQ-9, PHQ-Panik, GAD-7 und MacNew Heart Disease-Fragebogen) erfasst. Die Hauptanalyse ergab einen kleinen signifikanten Intergruppeneffekt für den Zielparameter Depressivität zugunsten der Kontrollgruppe zu Rehaende und in der Katamnese keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Behandlungserfolg beider Studienbedingungen mehr. Die Moderatoranalyse ergab kleine Interaktionseffekte zwischen Intervention und Geschlecht für Angst und die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität zu beiden Folgemess-zeitpunkten. Deskriptiv zeigte sich der Trend, dass Frauen von der Interventionsbedingung schlechter, Männer hingegen besser profitierten. Für die mangelnde Überlegenheit des Interventionsprogrammes kommen vielfältige Aspekte in Frage, die methodisch das sequentiell aufeinanderfolgenden Behandlungsdesign betreffen sowie interventionsbezogen die Ausschöpfung der Therapieressourcen, den Zeitpunkt des Behandlungsbeginns, die Behandlungsdauer, die Berücksichtigung spezifischer Patientenbedürfnisse und auch die Möglichkeit einer ungünstigen Wirkung von Psychotherapie. Ferner war die statistische Power und damit die Aussagekraft der Studie einschränkt. Als Fazit unterliegen noch vielfältige Einflussgrößen gezieltem Forschungsbedarf. N2 - In this study, it was examined whether a guideline-conforming psychocardiological treatment concept is superior to conventional cardiological treatment for psychologically burdened cardiological rehabilitants in the reduction of anxiety, depression, and panic (primary target criteria) and an improvement of the health-related quality of life (secondary target parameters). In the supplementary question, differences in the effectiveness of the intervention depending on gender were exploratively examined. The questions were investigated with a quasiexperimental study design with sequentially consecutive cohorts. Target parameters were assessed at the start and end of rehabilitation and 6 months after discharge using validated questionnaires (PHQ-9, PHQ-Panic, GAD-7, and MacNew Heart Disease Questionnaire). The main analysis showed a small significant intergroup effect for the target parameter depressivity in favour of the control group at the end of rehabilitation and no significant in the treatment success of both study conditions in the catamnesis. The moderator analysis revealed small interaction effects between intervention and gender for anxiety and health-related quality of life at both follow-up measurement points. Descriptively, the trend showed that women benefited less from the intervention condition than men. For the lack of superiority of the intervention programme, various aspects can be considered, which methodically concern the sequentially successive treatment design as well as the exhaustive use of therapy resources, the time of the onset of treatment, the duration of treatment, the consideration of specific patient needs, and also the possibility of an unfavourable effect of psychotherapy. Furthermore, the statistical power and thus the significance of the study was limited. In conclusion, a wide range of influencing variables are still subject to a targeted need for research. KW - Depression KW - Angstsyndrom KW - Lebensqualität KW - Klinische Psychotherapie KW - Herzkrankheit KW - Psychokardiologische Behandlung KW - Angst/Panik KW - gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität KW - kardiologische Rehabilitation KW - psychological treatment KW - depression KW - anxiety/panic KW - health-related quality of life KW - cardiac rehabilitation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198233 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matuz, Tamara A1 - Birbaumer, Niels A1 - Hautzinger, Martin A1 - Kübler, Andrea T1 - Psychosocial adjustment to ALS: a longitudinal study JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - For the current study the Lazarian stress-coping theory and the appendant model of psychosocial adjustment to chronic illness and disabilities (Pakenham, 1999) has shaped the foundation for identifying determinants of adjustment to ALS. We aimed to investigate the evolution of psychosocial adjustment to ALS and to determine its long-term predictors. A longitudinal study design with four measurement time points was therefore, used to assess patients' quality of life, depression, and stress-coping model related aspects, such as illness characteristics, social support, cognitive appraisals, and coping strategies during a period of 2 years. Regression analyses revealed that 55% of the variance of severity of depressive symptoms and 47% of the variance in quality of life at T2 was accounted for by all the T1 predictor variables taken together. On the level of individual contributions, protective buffering, and appraisal of own coping potential accounted for a significant percentage in the variance in severity of depressive symptoms, whereas problem management coping strategies explained variance in quality of life scores. Illness characteristics at T2 did not explain any variance of both adjustment outcomes. Overall, the pattern of the longitudinal results indicated stable depressive symptoms and quality of life indices reflecting a successful adjustment to the disease across four measurement time points during a period of about two years. Empirical evidence is provided for the predictive value of social support, cognitive appraisals, and coping strategies, but not illness parameters such as severity and duration for adaptation to ALS. The current study contributes to a better conceptualization of adjustment, allowing us to provide evidence-based support beyond medical and physical intervention for people with ALS. KW - ALS KW - coping KW - depression KW - quality of life KW - longitudinal assessment Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190208 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 6 IS - 1197 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Lukas A1 - Karl, Franziska A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Üçeyler, Nurcan T1 - Affective and cognitive behavior in the alpha-galactosidase A deficient mouse model of Fabry disease JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Fabry disease is an X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder with intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) due to α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) deficiency. Fabry patients frequently report of anxiety, depression, and impaired cognitive function. We characterized affective and cognitive phenotype of male mice with α-Gal A deficiency (Fabry KO) and compared results with those of age-matched male wildtype (WT) littermates. Young (3 months) and old (≥ 18 months) mice were tested in the naïve state and after i.pl. injection of complete Freund`s adjuvant (CFA) as an inflammatory pain model. We used the elevated plus maze (EPM), the light-dark box (LDB) and the open field test (OF) to investigate anxiety-like behavior. The forced swim test (FST) and Morris water maze (MWM) were applied to assess depressive-like and learning behavior. The EPM test revealed no intergroup difference for anxiety-like behavior in naïve young and old Fabry KO mice compared to WT littermates, except for longer time spent in open arms of the EPM for young WT mice compared to young Fabry KO mice (p<0.05). After CFA injection, young Fabry KO mice showed increased anxiety-like behavior compared to young WT littermates (p<0.05) and naïve young Fabry KO mice (p<0.05) in the EPM as reflected by shorter time spent in EPM open arms. There were no relevant differences in the LDB and the OF test, except for longer time spent in the center zone of the OF by young WT mice compared to young Fabry KO mice (p<0.05). Complementary to this, depression-like and learning behavior were not different between genotypes and age-groups, except for the expectedly lower memory performance in older age-groups compared to young mice. Our results indicate that genetic influences on affective and cognitive symptoms in FD may be of subordinate relevance, drawing attention to potential influences of environmental and epigenetic factors. KW - cognitive impairment KW - mouse models KW - depression KW - swimming KW - learning KW - Fabry disease KW - genetics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170745 VL - 12 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deeb, Wissam A1 - Giordano, James J. A1 - Rossi, Peter J. A1 - Mogilner, Alon Y. A1 - Gunduz, Aysegul A1 - Judy, Jack W. A1 - Klassen, Bryan T. A1 - Butson, Christopher R. A1 - Van Horne, Craig A1 - Deny, Damiaan A1 - Dougherty, Darin D. A1 - Rowell, David A1 - Gerhardt, Greg A. A1 - Smith, Gwenn S. A1 - Ponce, Francisco A. A1 - Walker, Harrison C. A1 - Bronte-Stewart, Helen M. A1 - Mayberg, Helen S. A1 - Chizeck, Howard J. A1 - Langevin, Jean-Philippe A1 - Volkmann, Jens A1 - Ostrem, Jill L. A1 - Shute, Jonathan B. A1 - Jimenez-Shahed, Joohi A1 - Foote, Kelly D. A1 - Wagle Shukla, Aparna A1 - Rossi, Marvin A. A1 - Oh, Michael A1 - Pourfar, Michael A1 - Rosenberg, Paul B. A1 - Silburn, Peter A. A1 - de Hemptine, Coralie A1 - Starr, Philip A. A1 - Denison, Timothy A1 - Akbar, Umer A1 - Grill, Warren M. A1 - Okun, Michael S. T1 - Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: A Review of Emerging Issues and Technologies JF - Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience N2 - This paper provides an overview of current progress in the technological advances and the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, as presented by participants of the Fourth Annual DBS Think Tank, which was convened in March 2016 in conjunction with the Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration at the University of Florida, Gainesveille FL, USA. The Think Tank discussions first focused on policy and advocacy in DBS research and clinical practice, formation of registries, and issues involving the use of DBS in the treatment of Tourette Syndrome. Next, advances in the use of neuroimaging and electrochemical markers to enhance DBS specificity were addressed. Updates on ongoing use and developments of DBS for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, Alzheimer's disease, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, obesity, addiction were presented, and progress toward innovation(s) in closed-loop applications were discussed. Each section of these proceedings provides updates and highlights of new information as presented at this year's international Think Tank, with a view toward current and near future advancement of the field. KW - deep brain stimulation KW - Parkinson’s disease KW - Alzheimer’s disease KW - closed-loop KW - depression KW - post-traumatic stress disorder KW - Tourette syndrome KW - DARPA Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168493 VL - 10 IS - 38 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riederer, Peter A1 - Laux, Gerd T1 - MAO-inhibitors in Parkinson's Disease JF - Experimental Neurobiology N2 - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-I) belong to the earliest drugs tried in Parkinson's disease (PD). They have been used with or without levodopa (L-DOPA). Non-selective MAO-I due to their side-effect/adverse reaction profile, like tranylcypromine have limited use in the treatment of depression in PD, while selective, reversible MAO-A inhibitors are recommended due to their easier clinical handling. For the treatment of akinesia and motor fluctuations selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitors selegiline and rasagiline are recommended. They are safe and well tolerated at the recommended daily doses. Their main differences are related to (1) metabolism, (2) interaction with CYP-enzymes and (3) quantitative properties at the molecular biological/genetic level. Rasagiline is more potent in clinical practise and has a hypothesis driven more favourable side effect/adverse reaction profile due to its metabolism to aminoindan. Both selegiline and rasagiline have a neuroprotective and neurorestaurative potential. A head-to head clinical trial would be of utmost interest from both the clinical outcome and a hypothesis-driven point of view. Selegiline is available as tablet and melting tablet for PD and as transdermal selegiline for depression, while rasagiline is marketed as tablet for PD. In general, the clinical use of MAO-I nowadays is underestimated. There should be more efforts to evaluate their clinical potency as antidepressants and antidementive drugs in addition to the final proof of their disease-modifying potential. In line with this are recent innovative developments of MAO-I plus inhibition of acetylcholine esterase for Alzheimer's disease as well as combined MAO-I and iron chelation for PD. KW - selegiline KW - rasagiline KW - moclobemide KW - phenelzine KW - tranylcypromine KW - acetylcholine KW - Alzheimer disease KW - antidepressive agents KW - depression KW - freezing KW - head KW - indans KW - iron KW - levodopa KW - monoamine oxidase KW - monoamine oxidase inhibitors KW - Parkinson disease Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140930 VL - 20 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Kobayashi, Ryohei A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod Som A1 - Köck, Zoe A1 - Wakabayashi, Hiroshi A1 - Unterecker, Stefan A1 - Nakajima, Kenichi A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Menke, Andreas A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Impact of Novel Antidepressants on Cardiac Metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) Uptake: Experimental Studies in SK-N-SH Cells and Healthy Rabbits JF - Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - Background: \(^{123}\)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) provides independent prognostic value for risk stratification among heart failure patients, but the use of concomitant medication should not impact its quantitative information. We aimed to evaluate the four most-prescribed antidepressants currently used as a first‑line treatment for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and their potential on altering mIBG imaging results. Methods: The inhibition effect of four different types of antidepressants (desipramine, escitalopram, venlafaxine and bupropion) for MDD treatment on \(^{131}\)I-mIBG uptake was assessed by in-vitro cell uptake assays using human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of tracer uptake was determined from dose-response curves. To evaluate the effects of IV pretreatment with desipramine (1.5 mg/kg) and escitalopram (2.5, 15 mg/kg) on mIBG cardiac uptake, in-vivo planar 123I-mIBG scans in healthy New Zealand White Rabbits were conducted. Results: The IC50 values of desipramine, escitalopram, venlafaxine and bupropion on \(^{131}\)I-mIBG cellular uptake were 11.9 nM, 7.5 μM, 4.92 μM, and 12.9 μM, respectively. At the maximum serum concentration (Cmax, as derived by previous clinical trials), the inhibition rates of 131I-mIBG uptake were 90.6 % for desipramine, 25.5 % for venlafaxine, 11.7 % for bupropion and 0.72 % for escitalopram. A low inhibition rate for escitalopram in the cell uptake study triggered investigation of an in-vivo rabbit model: with dosage considerably higher than clinical practice, the non-inhibitory effect of escitalopram was confirmed. Furthermore, pretreatment with desipramine led to a marked reduction of cardiac 123I-mIBG uptake. Conclusions: In the present in-vitro binding assay and in-vivo rabbit study, the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram had no major impact on neuronal cardiac mIBG uptake within therapeutic dose ranges, while other types of first-line antidepressants for MDD treatment led to a significant decrease. These preliminary results warrant further confirmatory clinical trials regarding the reliability of cardiac mIBG imaging, in particular, if the patient’s neuropsychiatric status would not tolerate withdrawal of a potentially norepinephrine interfering antidepressant. KW - MDD KW - Antidepressants KW - depression KW - 123I-mIBG KW - antidepressant KW - cardiac sympathetic nerve system KW - major depressive disorder KW - myocardial sympathetic innervation imaging Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161280 SN - 0161-5505 N1 - This research was originally published in JNM. Rudolf A. Werner, Ryohei Kobayashi, Mehrbod Som Javadi, Zoe Köck, Hiroshi Wakabayashi, Stefan Unterecker, Kenichi Nakajima, Constantin Lapa, Andreas Menke, Takahiro Higuchi. Impact of Novel Antidepressants on Cardiac Metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) Uptake: Experimental Studies in SK-N-SH Cells and Healthy Rabbits. J. Nucl. Med. July 1, 2018, vol. 59, no. 7, 1099-1103. © SNMMI. ER - TY - THES A1 - Ketterl, Ralf Christian T1 - Der Zusammenhang von Angst und Depressivität mit den Bedürfnissen nach Information und psychosozialer Unterstützung bei Patienten mit kolorektalem Karzinom T1 - The relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression and the need for information and psychosocial support in patients with colorectal cancer N2 - Bei Patienten mit einer kolorektalen Krebserkrankung zeigt sich ein deutlicher Zusammenhang zwischen Angst und Depressivität und dem psychosozialen Unterstützungsbedarf. Zwischen Angst und Depressivität und unbefriedigten Informationsbedürfnissen scheint ebenfalls ein schwacher Zusammenhang zu bestehen. Für eine mögliche Präferenz von anonymen Informationsquellen bei Patienten mit Angst oder Depressivität findet sich im Untersuchten Patientenkollektiv kein Anhaltspunkt. N2 - In patients with colorectal cancer the thesis shows a strong relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression and the need for psychosocial support. Moreover, symptoms of anxiety and depression seem to be weakly associated with higher unmet information needs. In addition to that, the thesis shows no evidence for a possible relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression and a preference for more anonymous sources of information in colorectal cancer. KW - Psychoonkologie KW - Dickdarmkrebs KW - psycho-oncology KW - information KW - Informationsbedürfnisse KW - anxiety KW - Angst KW - depression KW - Depressivität Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161433 ER - TY - THES A1 - Götzelmann, Moritz T1 - Einfluss der aurikulären Vagusnervstimulation auf affektive Parameter bei depressiven Patienten T1 - The effect of the auricular vagus nerve stimulation in depressed patients N2 - Hintergrund und Ziele: Das Krankheitsbild der Depression gehört zu den häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen. Als Therapieoptionen stehen in erster Linie Antidepressiva der verschiedensten Klassen und unterschiedliche Formen der Psychotherapie zur Verfügung (Möller, Laux et al. 2015). Trotz allem gibt es jedoch immer wieder Patienten, die trotz intensiver Therapiebemühungen keine Besserung zeigen. Neben der Elektrokonvulsions-therapie (EKT) als Gold-Standard bietet hier die Vagusnervstimulation (VNS) in vielen Ländern bereits ein zugelassenes Verfahren zur Behandlung sogenannter therapie-refraktärer Depressionen. Das Problem besteht allerdings im Verlauf des N. vagus, da dieser im Halsbereich nur schwer in einem operativen Verfahren zugänglich ist und er hier mit anderen lebenswichtigen Strukturen gemeinsam verläuft (Benninghoff, Drenckhahn et al. 2008). Dies macht eine Therapie nicht ganz ungefährlich. Allerdings gibt der N. vagus einen Hautast ab, der Teile des äußeren Gehörganges (insbesondere den Tragus), sensibel versorgt. Im Jahr 2000 schlug Ventureyra erstmals die Möglichkeit vor, diesen Ramus auricularis n. vagi als alternativen Zugangsweg zum Hals zu nutzen (Ventureyra 2000). Wenig später gelang es Fallgatter und Kollegen erstmals, durch elektrische Stimulation in diesem Innervationsgebiet somatosensibel evozierte Potentiale des N. vagus (VSEP) an der Schädelkalotte abzuleiten (Fallgatter, Neuhauser et al. 2003). Hierbei konnte in Einzelfällen gezeigt werden, dass nur an dieser Stelle diese Potentiale evoziert werden können, nicht jedoch an anderen Stellen des Ohres, die größtenteils vom N. trigeminus innerviert werden (Benninghoff, Drenckhahn et al. 2008). Dieser Vorbefund sollte in dieser Studie in einer Subgruppenanalyse an 10 Probanden überprüft werden. Darüber hinaus stellte sich die Frage, ob durch transkutane Stimulation des Hautastes eine ähnliche gute klinische Verbesserung bei Depressionen wie bei konventioneller VNS, möglich ist. Ziel dieser Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob über diesen alternativen Zugangsweg der VNS am Ohr positive Effekte auf affektive Parameter ähnlich denen der konventionellen VNS bei depressiven Patienten zu erzielen sind. Die Hypothese dabei lautete, dass nach der VNS ein stimmungsaufhellender Effekt zu sehen ist, während man bei der ausschließlichen Stimulation des N. trigeminus an den übrigen Stellen des Ohres keinen antidepressiven Effekt sieht. Für viele Patienten wäre es eine Erleichterung, wenn man künftig die Möglichkeit einer einfachen Therapieform zur unterstützenden Behandlung von therapierefraktären Depressionen hätte. Methoden: Hierzu wurden 50 Patienten aus der Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg, die unter unipolarer oder bipolarer Depressionen leiden rekrutiert. Jeder Patient wurde jeweils 20 Minuten sowohl im Innervationsgebiet des Vagus als auch an einer Stelle, welche rein vom Trigeminus innerviert wird, stimuliert. Die Reihenfolge der Stimulation erfolgte randomisiert, so dass der Patient nicht wusste, welche Stimulation er als erstes erhält. Jeweils vor und nach jeder Stimulation wurde der Proband mittels visueller Analogskala bezüglich affektiver Parameter befragt. 30 Patienten wurden kontinuierlich über 20 Minuten stimuliert, während 20 Patienten pulsatil dergestalt stimuliert wurden, dass immer nach 5 Minuten eine Stimulationspause von 30 Sekunden folgte, damit wieder ein neuer Reiz gesetzt werden konnte. Bei 10 Patienten wurden zusätzlich noch evozierte Potentiale sowohl bei transkutaner Vagusnervstimulation, als auch bei Kontrollstimulation im Innervationsgebiet des N. trigeminus, abgeleitet. Ergebnisse und Beobachtungen: Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, während sich unter kontinuierlichen Stimulationsbedingungen keine signifikanten Ergebnisse zeigten, fühlten sich die Probanden unter pulsatilen Stimulationsbedingungen nach der Versuchsstimulation signifikant fröhlicher (t(38)= 5,24; p< 0,001), optimistischer (t(38)= 3,28; p= 0,002) und schätzten ihr allgemeines Empfinden danach besser ein (t(38)= 3,50; p= 0,001). Daher ist in künftigen Studien die pulsatile Stimulationsart der kontinuierlichen vorzuziehen. Keinen Einfluss hingegen schienen die Stimulationen auf die Vigilanz zu nehmen. Bei der Auswertung der evozierten Potentiale zeigte sich, dass die Amplitude P1-N1 in Ableitung FzF3 bei Kontrollstimulation signifikant kleiner als bei Versuchsstimulation war (t(9)= 3,13; p= 0,012). Darüber hinaus war die Amplitude im Schnitt immer unter Kontrollstimulation kleiner, als bei Versuchsstimulation. Für die Amplitude P1-N1 in Ableitung C3F3 war hierfür ebenfalls ein Trend zu sehen (t(9)= 1,85; p= 0,097). Auffallend war auch, dass die Latenzen P1, N1 und P2 sehr oft im Schnitt bei Kontrollstimulation verlängert waren. Die Latenz an Punkt P1 in Ableitung C3F3 war hier sogar bei Kontrollstimulation signifikant länger, als bei Versuchsstimulation (t(9)= -2,37; p= 0,042). Praktische Schlussfolgerungen: In Ansätzen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Versuchsstimulation am Tragus ein anderes Potential auf Hirnstammebene generiert als die Kontrollstimulation am Ohrläppchen. Während sich bei kontinuierlicher Stimulationsart keine signifikanten Ergebnisse zeigten, fühlten sich die Probanden nach pulsatiler Vagusnervstimulation signifikant fröhlicher, optimistischer und schätzten ihr allgemeines Empfinden besser ein. Nur auf die Vigilanz scheint die pulsatile VNS keinen Einfluss zu nehmen. Gerade die pulsatile VNS zeigt vielversprechende Ergebnisse und sollte in künftigen Studien näher untersucht und der kontinuierlichen Stimulationsart vorgezogen werden. Natürlich sind noch intensivere Studien notwendig, trotzdem besteht aufgrund der Ergebnisse die Hoffnung, die transkutane VNS in Zukunft zur unterstützenden Therapie bei der Depressionsbehandlung einsetzen zu können. N2 - Backgrounds and aims: The clinical picture of depression is one of the most common mental diseases. Antidepressants of various kinds as well as different forms of psychotherapy are available (Möller, Laux et al. 2015). In spite of this, there are consistently encountered patients who do not respond positively to these intensive efforts of therapy. In addition to the electro-convulsion therapy (ECT) as the gold-standard, the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) already offers a permitted method of treatment for so-called therapy-refractory depressions. However, the run of the Vagus nerve turns out to be problematic in the way that it is only accessible with difficulties and by means of a surgical intervention at the neck. At that exact place it also runs parallel to other crucial structures so that a therapy entails severe risks (Benninghoff, Drenckhahn et al. 2008). Prior to passing through the base of the skull via the Foramen jugulare, the N. vagus does however yield a cutaneous branch which sensitively supplies parts of the outer auditory canal (the tragus in particular). In 2000, Ventureyra for the first time proposed the possibility to use this Ramus auricularis n. vagi as an alternative access path to the neck (Ventureyra 2000). Slightly afterwards, Fallgatter and colleagues unprecedentedly succeeded in deriving somatosensitive evoked potentials of the N. vagus (VSEP) at the calvarium by the use of electrical stimulation (Fallgatter, Neuhauser et al. 2003). By doing so, it could be shown in individual cases that at this place only these potentials can be evoked in contrast to other areas of the ear, which are predominantly innervated by the N. trigeminus (Benninghoff, Drenckhahn et al. 2008). This initial finding was to be checked in the context of an analysis of a subgroup comprising ten probands. The question was now whether by stimulation of the cutaneous branch, a similarly sound clinical improvement as observed in conventional VNS was possible. The aim of the study was to examine this alternative path of access of VNS at the ear more closely regarding a possibly mood-lifting effect on depressive patients. The corresponding hypothesis says that after the VNS a mood-lifting effect can be observed, whereas no anti-depressive effect becomes visible in the case of exclusive stimulation of the N. trigeminus at the other parts of the ear. For many patients it would constitute a relief, if there was the possibility of a simple form of therapy to support the treatment of therapy-refractory depressions in the future. Methods: For the subgroup analysis, 50 patients of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Wuerzburg suffering from unipolar or bipolar depression were recruited. Each patient respectively was stimulated for 20 minutes in the area of innervation of the Vagus as well as in the area which is innerved purely by the Trigeminus. The sequence of stimulation was carried out in a randomized manner, so that the patient did not know which stimulation was received first. The patient was asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding the current feeling prior to as well as after each stimulation. 30 patients were stimulated continuously for a period of 20 minutes, whereas 20 patients were stimulated in pulses in the way that after five minutes there always followed 30 seconds of pause of stimulation, so that a new impulse could be placed. In addition, there were derived evoked potentials from ten patients during transcutaneous vagusnervstimulation and during test stimulation in the area of the innervation of Trigeminus. Results and observations: In summary it is assumed that after continuous stimulation no significant effects turned out. Following the pulsatile test stimulation the probands evaluated their mental state significantly more cheerful (t(38)= 5,24; p< 0,001) and more optimistic (t(38)= 3,28; p= 0,002) and judged their general situation significantly better (t(38)= 3,50; p= 0,001). Therefore pulsatile stimulation is to be preferred to continuous one in future studies. However the stimulations seemed to have no influence on vigilance. Evaluating the evoked potentials it turned out, that amplitude P1-N1 in FzF3 was significantly smaller under control stimulation than under test stimulation (t(9)= 3,13; p= 0,012). Furthermore amplitude under control stimulation was on average always smaller than under test stimulation. For this a trend could be seen for amplitude P1-N1 in C3F3 (t(9)= 1,85; p= 0,097) as well. It was also noticeable that the period of latency of the points P1, N1 and P2 was on average much longer. The period of latency of point P1 in C3F3 was even significantly longer after control stimulation than after test stimulation (t(9)= -2,37; p= 0,042). Conclusion: On a rudimental level, it could be shown that the test stimulation at the tragus generates a different potential at the level of the brain stem than the control simulation at the earlobe. While after continuous stimulation no significant effects turned out, after pulsatile VNS the probands stated to be feeling significantly more cheerful, more optimistic and judged their general situation significantly better. Only vigilance seems to be unaffected by pulsatile VNS. Especially the pulsatile kind of VNS showed promising results and is to be preferred to the continuous one in future studies. Certainly, more intensive studies will be necessary; however the results raise hope that the transcutaneous VNS could be used as a supportive therapy in the context of depression treatment in the future. KW - Depression KW - Vagus KW - Transkutane elektrische Nervenstimulation KW - Somatosensorisch evoziertes Potenzial KW - Transkutane Vagusnervstimulation KW - Aurikuläre Vagusnervstimulation KW - Vagusevozierte Potentiale KW - Depression KW - transcutaneous vagusnervstimulation KW - auricular vagusnervstimulation KW - depression KW - vagus-evoked potentials Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159081 ER - TY - THES A1 - Langer, Simon T1 - Herz-Hirn Interaktion im Mausmodell: Herzinsuffizienz nach Myokardinfarkt führt zu depressivem Verhalten bei Mäusen T1 - Heart & Brain interactions in mice: chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction leads to depressive behaviour in mice N2 - Herzinsuffizienz, Depression und Angststörungen treten gehäuft gemeinsam auf und beeinflussen teilweise gegenseitig ihre Prognose. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen diesen Erkrankungen sind bislang nicht aufgeklärt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit führte ischämische Herzinsuffizienz im Mausmodell zu Depressions-ähnlichem Verhalten innerhalb von 8 Wochen nach Infarktinduktion. Weiter zeigte sich eine Minderung der Gedächtnisleistung. Angst-assoziiertes Verhalten ließ sich nicht nachweisen. Immunhistochemisch konnten keine Veränderungen in spezifischen Hirnarealen nachgewiesen werden. Molekulare Methoden legen Veränderungen des Serotoninstoffwechsels als mögliche Erklärung nahe. Nach operativer Ligatur eines Herzkrankgefäßes wurden C57/Bl6N Mäuse über einen Zeitraum von 8 Wochen beobachtet. In dieser Zeit wurden neben Herzultraschalluntersuchungen eine Reihe von Verhaltenstest durchgeführt, um depressive und ängstliche Verhaltensstrukturen sowie die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit beurteilen zu können. Nach Ablauf des Beobachtungszeitraumes wurden das Herz und das Gehirn entnommen und weiteren histologischen und molekularen Untersuchungen zugeführt. Die histologische Aufarbeitung des Herzens nach Ende des Versuchszeitraumes bestätigte die Beobachtungen anderen Autoren, dass eine Infarktgröße von mehr als 30% mit sehr hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Entstehung einer Herzinsuffizienz führt. Im der histologischen Aufarbeitung des Gehirns zeigen sich keine strukturellen Veränderungen bei herzkranken Mäusen, die die beobachteten Änderungen im Verhalten begründen könnten. Insbesondere kann eine hypoxische Hirnschädigung durch eine etwaige Minderperfusion empfindlicher Hirnareale ausgeschlossen werden. Mäuse, die nach Induktion eines Myokardinfarktes eine Herzinsuffizienz entwickeln, zeigen nach 8 Wochen Depressions-assoziiertes, adynamisches Verhalten sowie eine Verminderung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit, nicht aber Anzeichen von Angststörungen. Diesen Verhaltensänderungen kann kein strukturelles Korrelat im Gehirn zugewiesen werden. Dies ist ein Indiz dafür, dass sich Veränderung auf molekularer Ebene vollziehen, welche sich dem Mikroskop entziehen. Die im Myokard beobachtete Regulation des Serotoninstoffwechsels ist ein möglicher Erklärungsansatz hierfür. N2 - Chronic heart failure and depression are common comorbidities, that also have influence on the overall prognosis. The pathomechanisms of these illnesses remain still to be uncovered. In this experiment, we investigated mice with chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction over a period of 8 weeks. Male C57/Bl6N mice underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Heart failure was both confirmed by echocardiography and post-mortem. Sham-operated mice without ligation were used as control group. We discovered that these mice developed behavioral signs of depression in multiple behavioral testing. Also, we found signs for cognitive impairment in the object recognition task. No signs of increased anxiety was found. The hippocampal brain region is associated with the genesis of behaviour. Immunohistochemistry of the brain showed no morphological changes in this distinct area. We found increased expression of genes connected to the serotonine pathway in mice suffering from chronic heart failure, suggesting a possible pathomechanism for the shown behavioral changes. KW - Deutsches Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz Würzburg KW - Herzinsuffizienz KW - Depression KW - Herzinsuffizienz KW - Depression KW - Verhalten KW - heart failure KW - behavioral changes KW - depression KW - C57/Bl6 Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154733 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehnert, Anja A1 - Koch, Uwe A1 - Schulz, Holger A1 - Wegscheider, Karl A1 - Weis, Joachim A1 - Faller, Hermann A1 - Keller, Monika A1 - Brähler, Elmar A1 - Härter, Martin T1 - Prevalence of mental disorders, psychosocial distress and need for psychosocial support in cancer patients – study protocol of an epidemiological multi-center study N2 - Background Empirical studies investigating the prevalence of mental disorders and psychological distress in cancer patients have gained increasing importance during recent years, particularly with the objective to develop and implement psychosocial interventions within the cancer care system. Primary purpose of this epidemiological cross-sectional multi-center study is to detect the 4-week-, 12-month-, and lifetime prevalence rates of comorbid mental disorders and to further assess psychological distress and psychosocial support needs in cancer patients across all major tumor entities within the in- and outpatient oncological health care and rehabilitation settings in Germany. Methods/Design In this multicenter, epidemiological cross-sectional study, cancer patients across all major tumor entities will be enrolled from acute care hospitals, outpatient cancer care facilities, and rehabilitation centers in five major study centers in Germany: Freiburg, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Leipzig and Würzburg. A proportional stratified random sample based on the nationwide incidence of all cancer diagnoses in Germany is used. Patients are consecutively recruited in all centers. On the basis of a depression screener (PHQ-9) 50% of the participants that score below the cutoff point of 9 and all patients scoring above are assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Oncology (CIDI-O). In addition, all patients complete validated questionnaires measuring emotional distress, information and psychosocial support needs as well as quality of life. Discussion Epidemiological data on the prevalence of mental disorders and distress provide detailed and valid information for the estimation of the demands for the type and extent of psychosocial support interventions. The data will provide information about specific demographic, functional, cancer- and treatment-related risk factors for mental comorbidity and psychosocial distress, specific supportive care needs and use of psychosocial support offers. KW - metaanalysis KW - depression KW - survivors KW - care KW - sample KW - instrument KW - quality-of-life KW - generalized anxiety disorder KW - cooperative-oncology-group KW - decision making Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153296 VL - 12 IS - 70 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gutknecht, Lise A1 - Popp, Sandy A1 - Waider, Jonas A1 - Sommerlandt, Frank M. J. A1 - Göppner, Corinna A1 - Post, Antonia A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - van den Hove, Daniel A1 - Strekalova, Tatyana A1 - Schmitt, Angelika A1 - Colaςo, Maria B. N. A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Palme, Rupert A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter T1 - Interaction of brain 5-HT synthesis deficiency, chronic stress and sex differentially impact emotional behavior in Tph2 knockout mice JF - Psychopharmacology N2 - Rationale While brain serotonin (5-HT) function is implicated in gene-by-environment interaction (GxE) impacting the vulnerability-resilience continuum in neuropsychiatric disorders, it remains elusive how the interplay of altered 5-HT synthesis and environmental stressors is linked to failure in emotion regulation. Objective Here, we investigated the effect of constitutively impaired 5-HT synthesis on behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) using a mouse model of brain 5-HT deficiency resulting from targeted inactivation of the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2) gene. Results Locomotor activity and anxiety- and depression-like behavior as well as conditioned fear responses were differentially affected by Tph2 genotype, sex, and CMS. Tph2 null mutants (Tph2\(^{−/−}\)) displayed increased general metabolism, marginally reduced anxiety- and depression-like behavior but strikingly increased conditioned fear responses. Behavioral modifications were associated with sex-specific hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system alterations as indicated by plasma corticosterone and fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations. Tph2\(^{−/−}\) males displayed increased impulsivity and high aggressiveness. Tph2\(^{−/−}\) females displayed greater emotional reactivity to aversive conditions as reflected by changes in behaviors at baseline including increased freezing and decreased locomotion in novel environments. However, both Tph2\(^{−/−}\) male and female mice were resilient to CMS-induced hyperlocomotion, while CMS intensified conditioned fear responses in a GxE-dependent manner. Conclusions Our results indicate that 5-HT mediates behavioral responses to environmental adversity by facilitating the encoding of stress effects leading to increased vulnerability for negative emotionality. KW - Serotonin KW - Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2) KW - chronic stress KW - gene-by-environment interaction KW - anxiety KW - fear KW - depression KW - aggression Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154586 VL - 232 SP - 2429 EP - 2441 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mergl, Roland A1 - Koburger, Nicole A1 - Heinrichs, Katherina A1 - Székely, András A1 - Tóth, Mónika Ditta A1 - Coyne, James A1 - Quintão, Sónia A1 - Arensman, Ella A1 - Coffey, Claire A1 - Maxwell, Margaret A1 - Värnik, Airi A1 - van Audenhove, Chantal A1 - McDaid, David A1 - Sarchiapone, Marco A1 - Schmidtke, Armin A1 - Genz, Axel A1 - Gusmão, Ricardo A1 - Hegerl, Ulrich T1 - What Are Reasons for the Large Gender Differences in the Lethality of Suicidal Acts? An Epidemiological Analysis in Four European Countries JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background In Europe, men have lower rates of attempted suicide compared to women and at the same time a higher rate of completed suicides, indicating major gender differences in lethality of suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study was to analyse the extent to which these gender differences in lethality can be explained by factors such as choice of more lethal methods or lethality differences within the same suicide method or age. In addition, we explored gender differences in the intentionality of suicide attempts. Methods and Findings Methods. Design: Epidemiological study using a combination of self-report and official data. Setting: Mental health care services in four European countries: Germany, Hungary, Ireland, and Portugal. Data basis: Completed suicides derived from official statistics for each country (767 acts, 74.4% male) and assessed suicide attempts excluding habitual intentional self-harm (8,175 acts, 43.2% male). Main Outcome Measures and Data Analysis. We collected data on suicidal acts in eight regions of four European countries participating in the EU-funded "OSPI-Europe"-project (www.ospi-europe.com). We calculated method-specific lethality using the number of completed suicides per method * 100 /(number of completed suicides per method + number of attempted suicides per method). We tested gender differences in the distribution of suicidal acts for significance by using the \(\chi\)\(^{2}\)-test for two-by-two tables. We assessed the effect sizes with phi coefficients (φ). We identified predictors of lethality with a binary logistic regression analysis. Poisson regression analysis examined the contribution of choice of methods and method-specific lethality to gender differences in the lethality of suicidal acts. Findings Main Results Suicidal acts (fatal and non-fatal) were 3.4 times more lethal in men than in women (lethality 13.91% (regarding 4106 suicidal acts) versus 4.05% (regarding 4836 suicidal acts)), the difference being significant for the methods hanging, jumping, moving objects, sharp objects and poisoning by substances other than drugs. Median age at time of suicidal behaviour (35-44 years) did not differ between males and females. The overall gender difference in lethality of suicidal behaviour was explained by males choosing more lethal suicide methods (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.65 to 2.50; p < 0.000001) and additionally, but to a lesser degree, by a higher lethality of suicidal acts for males even within the same method (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.32 to 2.02; p = 0.000005). Results of a regression analysis revealed neither age nor country differences were significant predictors for gender differences in the lethality of suicidal acts. The proportion of serious suicide attempts among all non-fatal suicidal acts with known intentionality (NFSAi) was significantly higher in men (57.1%; 1,207 of 2,115 NFSAi) than in women (48.6%; 1,508 of 3,100 NFSAi) (\(\chi\)\(^{2}\) = 35.74; p < 0.000001). Main limitations of the study Due to restrictive data security regulations to ensure anonymity in Ireland, specific ages could not be provided because of the relatively low absolute numbers of suicide in the Irish intervention and control region. Therefore, analyses of the interaction between gender and age could only be conducted for three of the four countries. Attempted suicides were assessed for patients presenting to emergency departments or treated in hospitals. An unknown rate of attempted suicides remained undetected. This may have caused an overestimation of the lethality of certain methods. Moreover, the detection of attempted suicides and the registration of completed suicides might have differed across the four countries. Some suicides might be hidden and misclassified as undetermined deaths. Conclusions Men more often used highly lethal methods in suicidal behaviour, but there was also a higher method-specific lethality which together explained the large gender differences in the lethality of suicidal acts. Gender differences in the lethality of suicidal acts were fairly consistent across all four European countries examined. Males and females did not differ in age at time of suicidal behaviour. Suicide attempts by males were rated as being more serious independent of the method used, with the exceptions of attempted hanging, suggesting gender differences in intentionality associated with suicidal behaviour. These findings contribute to understanding of the spectrum of reasons for gender differences in the lethality of suicidal behaviour and should inform the development of gender specific strategies for suicide prevention. KW - case fatality rates KW - behavior KW - multicenter KW - depression KW - deaths KW - alliance KW - states Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151547 VL - 10 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Harris, Fiona M. A1 - Maxwell, Margaret A1 - O'Connor, Rory C. A1 - Coyne, James A1 - Arensman, Ella A1 - András, Székely A1 - Gusmão, Ricardo A1 - Coffey, Claire A1 - Costa, Susana A1 - Zoltan, Cserháti A1 - Koburger, Nicole A1 - van Audenhove, Chantal A1 - McDaid, David A1 - Maloney, Julia A1 - Värnik, Peeter A1 - Hegerl, Ulrich T1 - Developing social capital in implementing a complex intervention: a process evaluation of the early implementation of a suicide prevention intervention in four European countries JF - BMC Public Health N2 - Background: Variation in the implementation of complex multilevel interventions can impact on their delivery and outcomes. Few suicide prevention interventions, especially multilevel interventions, have included evaluation of both the process of implementation as well as outcomes. Such evaluation is essential for the replication of interventions, for interpreting and understanding outcomes, and for improving implementation science. This paper reports on a process evaluation of the early implementation stage of an optimised suicide prevention programme (OSPI-Europe) implemented in four European countries. Methods: The process analysis was conducted within the framework of a realist evaluation methodology, and involved case studies of the process of implementation in four European countries. Datasets include: repeated questionnaires to track progress of implementation including delivery of individual activities and their intensity; serial interviews and focus groups with stakeholder groups; and detailed observations at OSPI implementation team meetings. Results: Analysis of local contexts in each of the four countries revealed that the advisory group was a key mechanism that had a substantial impact on the ease of implementation of OSPI interventions, particularly on their ability to recruit to training interventions. However, simply recruiting representatives of key organisations into an advisory group is not sufficient to achieve impact on the delivery of interventions. In order to maximise the potential of high level 'gatekeepers', it is necessary to first transform them into OSPI stakeholders. Motivations for OSPI participation as a stakeholder included: personal affinity with the shared goals and target groups within OSPI; the complementary and participatory nature of OSPI that adds value to pre-existing suicide prevention initiatives; and reciprocal reward for participants through access to the extended network capacity that organisations could accrue for themselves and their organisations from participation in OSPI. Conclusions: Exploring the role of advisory groups and the meaning of participation for these participants revealed some key areas for best practice in implementation: careful planning of the composition of the advisory group to access target groups; the importance of establishing common goals; the importance of acknowledging and complementing existing experience and activity; and facilitating an equivalence of benefit from network participation. KW - suicide prevention KW - realist evaluation KW - social capital KW - advisory groups KW - depression KW - strategies KW - alliance KW - complex interventions KW - process evaluation Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122117 VL - 13 IS - 158 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eisele, Marion A1 - Blozik, Eva A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Träder, Jens-Martin A1 - Herrmann-Lingen, Christoph A1 - Scherer, Martin T1 - Recognition of depression and anxiety and their association with quality of life, hospitalization and mortality in primary care patients with heart failure - study protocol of a longitudinal observation study JF - BMC Family Practice N2 - Background: International disease management guidelines recommend the regular assessment of depression and anxiety in heart failure patients. Currently there is little data on the effect of screening for depression and anxiety on the quality of life and the prognosis of heart failure (HF). We will investigate the association between the recognition of current depression/anxiety by the general practitioner (GP) and the quality of life and the patients' prognosis. Methods/Design: In this multicenter, prospective, observational study 3,950 patients with HF are recruited by general practices in Germany. The patients fill out questionnaires at baseline and 12-month follow-up. At baseline the GPs are interviewed regarding the somatic and psychological comorbidities of their patients. During the follow-up assessment, data on hospitalization and mortality are provided by the general practice. Based on baseline data, the patients are allocated into three observation groups: HF patients with depression and/or anxiety recognized by their GP (P+/+), those with depression and/or anxiety not recognized (P+/-) and patients without depression and/or anxiety (P-/-). We will perform multivariate regression models to investigate the influence of the recognition of depression and/or anxiety on quality of life at 12 month follow-up, as well as its influences on the prognosis (hospital admission, mortality). Discussion: We will display the frequency of GP-acknowledged depression and anxiety and the frequency of installed therapeutic strategies. We will also describe the frequency of depression and anxiety missed by the GP and the resulting treatment gap. Effects of correctly acknowledged and missed depression/anxiety on outcome, also in comparison to the outcome of subjects without depression/anxiety will be addressed. In case results suggest a treatment gap of depression/anxiety in patients with HF, the results of this study will provide methodological advice for the efficient planning of further interventional research. KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - health care research KW - heart failure KW - prevalence KW - observational study KW - prognosis KW - quality of life KW - hospitalization KW - treatment KW - mortality KW - task force KW - health questionnaire KW - cardiovascular care KW - validity KW - scale KW - validation KW - outcomes KW - standardization KW - population Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121881 SN - 1471-2296 VL - 14 IS - 180 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ladwig, Karl-Heinz A1 - Lederbogen, Florian A1 - Albus, Christian A1 - Angermann, Christiane A1 - Borggrefe, Martin A1 - Fischer, Denise A1 - Fritzsche, Kurt A1 - Haass, Markus A1 - Jordan, Jochen A1 - Jünger, Jana A1 - Kindermann, Ingrid A1 - Köllner, Volker A1 - Kuhn, Bernhard A1 - Scherer, Martin A1 - Seyfarth, Melchior A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Waller, Christiane A1 - Herrmann-Lingen, Christoph T1 - Position paper on the importance of psychosocial factors in cardiology: Update 2013 T1 - Positionspapier zur Bedeutung psychosozialer Faktoren in der Kardiologie: Update 2013 JF - GMS German Medical Science N2 - Background: The rapid progress of psychosomatic research in cardiology and also the increasing impact of psychosocial issues in the clinical daily routine have prompted the Clinical Commission of the German Heart Society (DGK) to agree to an update of the first state of the art paper on this issue which was originally released in 2008. Methods: The circle of experts was increased, general aspects were implemented and the state of the art was updated. Particular emphasis was dedicated to coronary heart diseases (CHD), heart rhythm diseases and heart failure because to date the evidence-based clinical knowledge is most advanced in these particular areas. Differences between men and women and over the life span were considered in the recommendations as were influences of cognitive capability and the interactive and synergistic impact of classical somatic risk factors on the affective comorbidity in heart disease patients. Results: A IA recommendation (recommendation grade I and evidence grade A) was given for the need to consider psychosocial risk factors in the estimation of coronary risks as etiological and prognostic risk factors. Furthermore, for the recommendation to routinely integrate psychosocial patient management into the care of heart surgery patients because in these patients, comorbid affective disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder) are highly prevalent and often have a malignant prognosis. A IB recommendation was given for the treatment of psychosocial risk factors aiming to prevent the onset of CHD, particularly if the psychosocial risk factor is harmful in itself (e.g. depression) or constrains the treatment of the somatic risk factors. Patients with acute and chronic CHD should be offered anti-depressive medication if these patients suffer from medium to severe states of depression and in this case medication with selective reuptake inhibitors should be given. In the long-term course of treatment with implanted cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) a subjective health technology assessment is warranted. In particular, the likelihood of affective comorbidities and the onset of psychological crises should be carefully considered. Conclusions: The present state of the art paper presents an update of current empirical evidence in psychocardiology. The paper provides evidence-based recommendations for the integration of psychosocial factors into cardiological practice and highlights areas of high priority. The evidence for estimating the efficiency for psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions has increased substantially since the first release of the policy document but is, however, still weak. There remains an urgent need to establish curricula for physician competence in psychodiagnosis, communication and referral to ensure that current psychocardiac knowledge is translated into the daily routine. N2 - Hintergrund: Die rasche Weiterentwicklung der psychokardiologischen Forschung, aber auch die wachsende Verankerung psychosozialer Fragestellungen im klinischen Alltag haben die Klinische Kommission der DGK bewogen, einer Aktualisierung und Weiterentwicklung des 2008 erstmals publizierten Positionspapiers zur Bedeutung psychosozialer Faktoren in der Kardiologie zuzustimmen. Methoden: Der Kreis der Autoren wurde vergrößert, allgemeine Aspekte eingefügt und das Wissen in allen Abschnitten auf den heutigen Stand gebracht. Schwerpunkte der Empfehlungen sind die koronare Herzerkrankung, Herzrhythmusstörungen und die Herzinsuffizienz, da hier der Stand der empirischen Evidenz und des klinisches Wissens zu psychosozialen Fragestellungen am weitesten entwickelt ist. Berücksichtigt wurden bei den Empfehlungen Besonderheiten von Frauen und Männern, Unterschiede bzgl. der Lebensspanne, Einflüsse auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit und die interaktive synergistische Bedeutung klassischer Risikofaktoren bei affektiver Komorbidität. Ergebnisse: Eine I-A-Empfehlung (Empfehlungsgrad I, Evidenzgrad A) wurde vergeben für die Aufforderung, psychosoziale Risikofaktoren bei der Einschätzung des KHK-Risikos zu berücksichtigen, die als unabhängige ätiologische und prognostische Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten der koronaren Herzerkrankung (KHK) und für Komplikationen im Behandlungsverlauf der KHK bedeutsam sind. Ferner für die Empfehlung, Patienten mit Herzoperationen von einem interdisziplinären Team zu betreuten, in dem die Möglichkeit besteht, auf psychosoziale Aspekte einzugehen, da bei diesen Patienten komorbide psychische Störungen wie Depressivität, Angst und posttraumatische Belastungsstörung häufig und prognostisch ungünstig sind. Eine I-B-Empfehlung wurde vergeben für die Behandlung psychosozialer Risikofaktoren mit dem Ziel einer Primärprävention der KHK, wenn das Risikomerkmal an sich Krankheitswert hat (z. B. Depression) oder die Behandlung klassischer Risikofaktoren erschwert ist. Eine antidepressive Pharmakotherapie soll Patienten nach akutem Koronarsyndrom sowie in der Phase der chronischen KHK angeboten werden, die an einer mindestens mittelschweren rezidivierenden depressiven Störung leiden. Dabei sollen vorzugsweise Substanzen aus der Gruppe der selektiven Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmer (SSRI) zum Einsatz kommen. Bei der langfristigen ärztlichen Begleitung von ICD-Patienten sollen die psychosozialen Folgen der ICD-Technologie beachtet und insbesondere relevante Affektstörungen sowie Krisen bei ICD-Patienten erkannt und fachgerecht behandelt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Das Positionspapier formuliert konkrete Anwendungsfelder mit hoher Priorität für die Einbeziehung psychosozialer Faktoren in die kardiologische Praxis, die eine leitlinienkonforme Evidenz aufweisen. Trotz deutlicher Fortschritte seit der Erstveröffentlichung des Positionspapiers existieren weiterhin Forschungsdefizite für die Bewertung der Wirksamkeit psychotherapeutischer und psychopharmakologischer Konzepte bei kardialen Patienten. Curricula für die Vermittlung von (psycho-)diagnostischer, kommunikativer und differenzialdiagnostischer Kompetenz müssen rasch entwickelt werden, um eine Transmission des aktuellen Wissensstands in die Alltagspraxis zu ermöglichen. KW - depression KW - anxiety KW - post-traumatic stress disorder KW - psychotherapy KW - psychopharmacology KW - Depression KW - Psychopharmakologie KW - Psychotherapie KW - posttraumatische Belastungsstörung KW - Angst Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121196 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lukasczik, Matthias A1 - Gerlich, Christian A1 - Schuler, Michael A1 - Neuderth, Silke A1 - Dlugosch, Gabriele A1 - Faller, Hermann T1 - Stress and resources in women attending an inpatient prevention/rehabilitation measure for parents: Secondary analysis of quality assurance data JF - Open Journal of Medical Psychology N2 - Questionnaire data from two projects on the development of quality assurance instruments for an inpatient rehabilitation/prevention program for parents were used for a secondary analysis. In this analysis, the associations of gains in a psychosocial resource (parenting self-efficacy) and two types of stressors experienced by mothers at the start of treatment (parenting hassles, depressive symptoms) with general life satisfaction and satisfaction with health at the end of treatment were explored. Structural equation modeling was applied to data from N = 1724 female patients. Potential resource-stressor interactions were tested using the Latent Moderated Structural Equations approach. Results showed that parenting hassles were negatively associated with general life satisfaction and satisfaction with health while self-efficacy gains were weakly positively correlated with both variables. No interaction of parenting hassles and self-efficacy gains was found. Depressive symptoms were negatively associated with both satisfaction measures. In these models, self-efficacy gains were not substantially correlated with life satisfaction, but showed a small association with satisfaction with health. There was no significant interaction of depressive symptoms and self-efficacy gains. The findings imply that interventions for distressed mothers—as exemplarily illustrated by this inpatient setting—should focus on identifying and reducing initial stressors as these may continue to impair mothers’ subjective health despite gains in parenting-related resources. KW - parenting stress KW - resource KW - self-efficacy KW - depression KW - mothers Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125316 VL - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Üçeyler, Nurcan A1 - Kewenig, Susanne A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Fallgatter, Andreas J. A1 - Sommer, Claudia T1 - Increased cortical activation upon painful stimulation in fibromyalgia syndrome JF - BMC Neurology N2 - Background Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain and associated symptoms. We investigated cerebral activation in FMS patients by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods Two stimulation paradigms were applied: a) painful pressure stimulation at the dorsal forearm; b) verbal fluency test (VFT). We prospectively recruited 25 FMS patients, ten patients with unipolar major depression (MD) without pain, and 35 healthy controls. All patients underwent neurological examination and all subjects were investigated with questionnaires (pain, depression, FMS, empathy). Results FMS patients had lower pressure pain thresholds than patients with MD and controls (p < 0.001) and reported higher pain intensity (p < 0.001). Upon unilateral pressure pain stimulation fNIRS recordings revealed increased bilateral cortical activation in FMS patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). FMS patients also displayed a stronger contralateral activity over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in direct comparison to patients with MD (p < 0.05). While all three groups performed equally well in the VFT, a frontal deficit in cortical activation was only found in patients with depression (p < 0.05). Performance and cortical activation correlated negatively in FMS patients (p < 0.05) and positively in patients with MD (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our data give further evidence for altered central nervous processing in patients with FMS and the distinction between FMS and MD. KW - fibromyalgia syndrome KW - depression KW - cortical activation KW - pain KW - near-infrared spectroscopy Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125230 VL - 15 IS - 210 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Kenis, Gunter A1 - Schek, Julia A1 - van den Hove, Daniel A1 - Prickaerts, Jos A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter A1 - Steinbusch, Harry A1 - Reif, Andreas T1 - Expression of monoamine transporters, nitric oxide synthase 3, and neurotrophin genes in antidepressant-stimulated astrocytes JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry N2 - Background: There is increasing evidence that glial cells play a role in the pathomechanisms of mood disorders and the mode of action of antidepressant drugs. Methods: To examine whether there is a direct effect on the expression of different genes encoding proteins that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders, primary astrocyte cell cultures from rats were treated with two different antidepressant drugs, imipramine and escitalopram, and the RNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), serotonin transporter (5Htt), dopamine transporter (Dat), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Nos3) was examined. Results: Stimulation of astroglial cell culture with imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, led to a significant increase of the Bdnf RNA level whereas treatment with escitalopram did not. In contrast, 5Htt was not differentially expressed after antidepressant treatment. Finally, neither Dat nor Nos3 RNA expression was detected in cultured astrocytes. Conclusion: These data provide further evidence for a role of astroglial cells in the molecular mechanisms of action of antidepressants. KW - monoamine transporters KW - BDNF KW - geneexpression KW - astrocytes KW - glia KW - depression KW - antidepressant KW - mechanismofaction KW - nitricoxidesynthase Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-123627 VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frey, Anna A1 - Popp, Sandy A1 - Post, Antonia A1 - Langer, Simon A1 - Lehmann, Marc A1 - Hofmann, Ulrich A1 - Siren, Anna-Leena A1 - Hommers, Leif A1 - Schmitt, Angelika A1 - Strekalova, Tatyana A1 - Ertl, Georg A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter A1 - Frantz, Stefan T1 - Experimental heart failure causes depression-like behavior together with differential regulation of inflammatory and structural genes in the brain JF - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience N2 - Background: Depression and anxiety are common and independent outcome predictors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, it is unclear whether CHF causes depression. Thus, we investigated whether mice develop anxiety- and depression-like behavior after induction of ischemic CHF by myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results: In order to assess depression-like behavior, anhedonia was investigated by repeatedly testing sucrose preference for 8 weeks after coronary artery ligation or sham operation. Mice with large MI and increased left ventricular dimensions on echocardiography (termed CHF mice) showed reduced preference for sucrose, indicating depression-like behavior. 6 weeks after MI, mice were tested for exploratory activity, anxiety-like behavior and cognitive function using the elevated plus maze (EPM), light-dark box (LDB), open field (OF), and object recognition (OR) tests. In the EPM and OF, CHF mice exhibited diminished exploratory behavior and motivation despite similar movement capability. In the OR, CHF mice had reduced preference for novelty and impaired short-term memory. On histology, CHF mice had unaltered overall cerebral morphology. However, analysis of gene expression by RNA-sequencing in prefrontal cortical, hippocampal, and left ventricular tissue revealed changes in genes related to inflammation and cofactors of neuronal signal transduction in CHF mice, with Nr4a1 being dysregulated both in prefrontal cortex and myocardium after MI. Conclusions: After induction of ischemic CHF, mice exhibited anhedonic behavior, decreased exploratory activity and interest in novelty, and cognitive impairment. Thus, ischemic CHF leads to distinct behavioral changes in mice analogous to symptoms observed in humans with CHF and comorbid depression. KW - chronic heart failure KW - myocardial infarction KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - mice Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-118234 SN - 1662-5153 VL - 8 ER - TY - THES A1 - Yang, Zhenghong T1 - A systematic study of learned helplessness in Drosophila melanogaster T1 - Eine systematische Untersuchung der erlernten Hilflosigkeit in Drosophila melanogaster N2 - The learned helplessness phenomenon is a specific animal behavior induced by prior exposure to uncontrollable aversive stimuli. It was first found by Seligman and Maier (1967) in dogs and then has been reported in many other species, e.g. in rats (Vollmayr and Henn, 2001), in goldfishes (Padilla, 1970), in cockroaches (Brown, 1988) and also in fruit flies (Brown, 1996; Bertolucci, 2008). However, the learned helplessness effect in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) has not been studied in detail. Thus, in this doctoral study, we investigated systematically learned helplessness behavior of Drosophila for the first time. Three groups of flies were tested in heatbox. Control group was in the chambers experiencing constant, mild temperature. Second group, master flies were punished in their chambers by being heated if they stopped walking for 0.9s. The heat pulses ended as soon as they resumed walking again. A third group, the yoked fly, was in their chambers at the same time. However, their behavior didn’t affect anything: yoked flies were heated whenever master flies did, with same timing and durations. After certain amount of heating events, yoked flies associated their own behavior with the uncontrollability of the environment. They suppressed their innate responses such as reducing their walking time and walking speed; making longer escape latencies and less turning around behavior under heat pulses. Even after the conditioning phase, yoked flies showed lower activity level than master and control flies. Interestingly, we have also observed sex dimorphisms in flies. Male flies expressed learned helplessness not like female flies. Differences between master and yoked flies were smaller in male than in female flies. Another interesting finding was that prolonged or even repetition of training phases didn’t enhance learned helplessness effect in flies. Furthermore, we investigated serotonergic and dopaminergic nervous systems in learned helplessness. Using genetic and pharmacological manipulations, we altered the levels of serotonin and dopamine in flies’ central nervous system. Female flies with reduced serotonin concentration didn’t show helpless behavior, while the learned helplessness effect in male flies seems not to be affected by a reduction of serotonin. Flies with lower dopamine level do not display the learned helplessness effect in the test phase, suggesting that with low dopamine the motivational change in learned helplessness in Drosophila may decline faster than with a normal dopamine level. N2 - Das „learned helplessness“ Phänomen ist ein spezifisches Verhalten nach vorheriger Exposition von unkontrollierbaren aversiven Stimuli induziert. Es wurde zuerst von Seligman und Maier (1967) bei Hunden und dann in vielen anderen Tierarten berichtet, z.B. in Ratten (Vollmayr und Henn, 2001), in Goldfische (Padilla , 1970), in Kakerlaken (Brown, 1988) sowie in Fruchtfliegen (Brown, 1996; Bertolucci, 2008). Allerdings wurde das learned helplessness Phänomen in Fruchtfliegen (Drosophila melanogaster) noch nicht genau erforscht. Somit wird in dieser Doktorarbeit haben wir erlernten learned helplessness von Drosophila zum ersten Mal systematisch untersucht. Drei Gruppen von Fliegen wurden in Heatbox getestet. Die Kontrollgruppe war in den Kammern erlebter konstant milder Temperatur. Die zweite Master Gruppe wurde in ihren Kammern erhitzt, wenn sie blieb stehen für 0,9 s. Die Hitze endete, sobald sie sich wieder bewegten. Eine dritte Gruppe, die Yoked Fliegen, war in ihren Kammern gleichzeitig. Doch ihr Verhalten keine Auswirkungen auf die Hitze hatte: Yoked Fliegen wurden erhitzt, wenn Master Fliegen wurden, mit gleichen Zeitpunkt und Dauer. Nach gewissen Hitze Veranstaltungen, Yoked Fliegen assoziierten ihre eigenen Verhalten mit der Unkontrollierbarkeit der Umwelt. Sie unterdrückte ihre angeborene Reaktionen, wie die Verringerung ihrer Laufaktivität; verlängerte mehr Fluchtlatenzzeiten und weniger Umdrehen Verhalten unter Hitzen. Auch nach der Konditionierungsphase zeigte Yoked Fliegen niedrigeren Aktivität als Master und Kontrolle Fliegen. Interessanterweise haben wir auch Sex Dimorphismus in Fliegen beobachtet. Male Fliegen haben learned helplessness nicht wie weibliche Fliegen ausgedrückt. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Master und Yoked Fliegen waren bei männlichen kleiner als bei weiblichen Fliegen. Ein weiteres interessantes Ergebnis war, dass längere oder sogar wiederholte Trainingsphasen die lerned helplessness Wirkung bei Fliegen nicht verstärken könnten. Darüber hinaus haben wir serotonergen und dopaminerge Nervensysteme in learned helplessness erforscht. Mit genetischen und pharmakologischen Manipulationen, haben wir das Niveau von Serotonin und Dopamin im zentralen Nervensystem der Fliegen geändert. Weibliche Fliegen mit reduzierten Serotoninkonzentration zeigten kein hilflos Verhalten, während die learned helplessness Wirkung in männlichen Fliegen schien nicht durch eine Reduktion von Serotonin beeinflusst zu werden. Fliegen mit niedrigerer Dopamin Konzentration zeigten keine learned helplessness Wirkung in der Testphase an, was darauf hindeutet, dass mit niedrigen Dopamin die Motivationsänderung in learned helplessness in Drosophila kann schneller als mit einem normalen Dopaminspiegel sinken. KW - Taufliege KW - Gelernte Hilflosigkeit KW - Drosophila KW - learned helplessness KW - depression KW - learning and memory Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112424 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jacka, Felice N. T1 - Nutritional Psychiatry: Inaugural Meeting in Tokyo N2 - Welcome to the inaugural meeting of the International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR). It is a great pleasure to have the opportunity to join with colleagues working in this new and exciting field of research. Although there has long been interest in the links between nutritional deficiencies and psychiatric illness, as well as interest in the role of food allergies in such illnesses, the last five years has seen a significant and notable growth in this nascent field of research, with an accompanying impact on the viewpoints and practices of scientists and clinicians working in mental health. In my particular field of interest – that of the role of overall dietary quality in the common mental disorders, depression and anxiety - there has been an exponential growth in the literature since the end of 2009. It is exciting and gratifying to see concordant results from across the globe, in young children and adolescents through to older adults, and from countries as diverse as Norway and Taiwan. The study of the efficacy of nutritional interventions in psychiatric illness is also developing rapidly, with high quality randomised controlled trials now being conducted in multiple settings and with outcomes that include cognition as well as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders. Another important development in this field is the rapidly growing recognition that nutrition is of central importance in the risk for cognitive decline and dementia. As this new recognition filters through to clinical researchers, I look forward to seeing new interventions in this area. Another area of research with significant interest and activity grows from the understanding of the centrality of physical health to mental health and vice versa. There are many nutrition researchers, dietitians and other health practitioners working to address the physical health of patients with mental illness; acting on the recognition that physical and mental health are closely related and mutually reinforcing. There is no doubt that the formation of an international society is timely; we now have the opportunity to join forces to share knowledge and build important collaborations. Building capacity in this field by sharing our knowledge with students and early career researchers will be another important activity of our society, as will building the credibility of nutritional psychiatry research through a clear understanding and implementation of best practice scientific methodology. I welcome each of you to extend the invitation to join our new ISNPR to colleagues and students in your networks. I would also encourage you to contribute to the discussions and sharing of knowledge by contributing short pieces to our newsletter, which will be disseminated by the end of this year. For those who are unable to attend this year’s meeting, we hope that 2014 may present a possibility for attendance. Our aim is conduct our first Annual General Meeting before the end of July 2013 via teleconference and I welcome agenda items from those interested. With very best wishes Felice Jacka President ISNPR KW - diet KW - nutrition KW - depression KW - PUFA KW - omega-3 fatty acids KW - Omega-3-Fettsäuren KW - Ernährung KW - Depression KW - fatty acid metabolism KW - micronutrients KW - psychiatric illness Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-101072 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Platte, Petra A1 - Herbert, Cornelia A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Breslin, Paul A. S. T1 - Oral Perceptions of Fat and Taste Stimuli Are Modulated by Affect and Mood Induction JF - PLoS ONE N2 - This study examined the impact of three clinical psychological variables (non-pathological levels of depression and anxiety, as well as experimentally manipulated mood) on fat and taste perception in healthy subjects. After a baseline orosensory evaluation, ‘sad’, ‘happy’ and ‘neutral’ video clips were presented to induce corresponding moods in eighty participants. Following mood manipulation, subjects rated five different oral stimuli, appearing sweet, umami, sour, bitter, fatty, which were delivered at five different concentrations each. Depression levels were assessed with Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and anxiety levels were assessed via the Spielberger’s STAI-trait and state questionnaire. Overall, subjects were able to track the concentrations of the stimuli correctly, yet depression level affected taste ratings. First, depression scores were positively correlated with sucrose ratings. Second, subjects with depression scores above the sample median rated sucrose and quinine as more intense after mood induction (positive, negative and neutral). Third and most important, the group with enhanced depression scores did not rate low and high fat stimuli differently after positive or negative mood induction, whereas, during baseline or during the non-emotional neutral condition they rated the fat intensity as increasing with concentration. Consistent with others’ prior observations we also found that sweet and bitter stimuli at baseline were rated as more intense by participants with higher anxiety scores and that after positive and negative mood induction, citric acid was rated as stronger tasting compared to baseline. The observation that subjects with mild subclinical depression rated low and high fat stimuli similarly when in positive or negative mood is novel and likely has potential implications for unhealthy eating patterns. This deficit may foster unconscious eating of fatty foods in sub-clinical mildly depressed populations. KW - analysis of variance KW - anxiety KW - citric acid KW - depression KW - glutamate KW - quinine KW - sensory perception KW - sucrose Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96421 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kunert, Mario T1 - Angst und Depression in der primärärztliche Versorgung T1 - Anxiety and depression in the primary care N2 - Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Einsatz von Kurz-Screening-Instrumenten (bestehend aus dem PHQ-4, mit seinen beiden Untereinheiten dem GAD-2 und dem PHQ-2) hinsichtlich der Tauglichkeit für einen Routineeinsatz in Hausarztpraxen. Gescreent wurde auf das mögliche Vorliegen einer Angst- und/oder depressive Störungen mit anschließender Validitätsprüfung einer kleineren Stichprobe. Hinsichtlich der Validitätsprüfung konnte zwischen den CIDI- und den Screening-Ergebnissen eine gute Übereinstimmung ermittelt werden (prozentuale Über-einstimmung von 80,8% bei einem Cohen-Kappa von 0,62). Insgesamt betrachtet lässt sich mit einem vertretbaren Mehrbedarf an Zeit für nicht-ärztliche Mitarbeiter ein PHQ-4-Screening in einer Hausarztpraxis durchführen. Durch diese Maßnahme können - bei gleichzeitiger Entlastung des Arztes - wichtige Informationen für eine Krankheitserkennung und für eine ggf. notwendige Therapie gewonnen werden. Über einen Routineeinsatz von Kurz-Screenern in der primär-ärztlichen Versorgung sollte nachgedacht werden. N2 - The present study investigates the use of short screening instruments (consisting of the PHQ-4, with its two subunits the GAD-2 and PHQ-2), regarding the suitability for routine use in primary care practices. It was screened for the possible presence of anxiety and / or depressive symptoms with a following validity check on a smaller unit. The accordance between CIDI and the screening-results could be rated as good (accordance percentage of 80.8% with a Cohens kappa of 0.62). The PHQ-4 leads to a need of more non-medical employees(more time needed), but overall is the PHQ-4 a pracitable instrument in the primary care. Through a routine use of short-Screenern in the primary health care should be considered. KW - Angst KW - Depression KW - Screening KW - Hausarzt KW - Primäre Gesundheitsversorgung KW - Composite international diagnostic interview KW - PHQ-4 KW - PHQ KW - Kurzscreener KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - primary care KW - screening KW - PHQ-4 KW - PHQ KW - CIDI Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-74584 ER - TY - THES A1 - Merwart, Moritz T1 - Die Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Unterstützungsangeboten bei Krebskranken - eine geschlechtsspezifische Untersuchung T1 - Utilization of psychosocial interventions amongst cancer patients - a gender specific analysis N2 - Untersuchung der Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Unterstützungsangeboten bei Krebspatienten. In einer multizentrischen Studie wurde untersucht, welche Unterstützungsangebote bevorzugt in Anspruch genommen werden und ob es hinsichtlich der Inanspruchnahme einen Geschlechterunterschied gibt. Außerdem wurden diverse andere Prädiktoren untersucht, die einen Einfluss auf die Inanspruchnahme haben können (z.B. Depressivität, psychische Störung, Alter, Bildungsstand). Zur Datenerhebung dienten Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumente in Form von Fragebögen und ein standardisiertes klinisches Interview (CIDI). N2 - Analysis of cancer patients´desire for psychosocial support and identification of patients´sociodemographic and disease related factors (such as gender, age, depression, education) with the utilization of psychosocial interventions. KW - Psychoonkologie KW - Geschlechtsunterschied KW - Krebs KW - Inanspruchnahme KW - Nichtinanspruchnahme KW - Composite international diagnostic interview KW - Psychooncology KW - Cancer KW - Gender difference KW - psychsosocial interventions KW - depression Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-74324 ER - TY - THES A1 - Käse, Mirjam T1 - Transkranielle Theta Burst Behandlung depressiver Patienten: Untersuchung der Wirkung auf evozierte Potentiale in einem Oddball Paradigma T1 - Transcranial magnetic stimulation was frequently used in treatment of depressive patients N2 - Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es die Wirksamkeit einer Behandlung mit Transkranieller Magnetstimulation bei depressiven Patienten zu untersuchen. Der Behandlungserfolg wurde mit depressionsspezfischen Fragebögen, der Testleistung in einer kognitiven Aufgabe und ereigniskorrelierten Potentialen im EEG objektiviert. Es konnte nicht abschließend geklärt werden, ob die Theta-Burst-Stimulation in der Therapie depressiver Patienten geeignet ist. Es fanden sich allerdings Hinweise darauf, dass die präfrontal applizierte Behandlung Veränderungen in den frontal generierten ereigniskorrelierten Potentialen bewirkte. N2 - Transcranial magnetic stimulation was frequently used in treatment of depressive patients. We used a special paradigm called theta burst stiumlation to treat therapy resistant depressive patients for 2 weeks. Effectiveness was measured by questionaires, results in a cognitive task and event related potentials in EEG. Results show that there was a change in event related potentials in frontal brain areas. Clear evidence for an improvement of depressive symptoms could not be shown. KW - Chronische Depression KW - Depression KW - Transkranielle Magnetstimulation KW - evozierte Potentiale KW - P300 KW - depression Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69314 ER - TY - THES A1 - Spieler, Christof T1 - Veränderungen von biographischen Beurteilungen und Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen depressiver Patienten im Verlauf kognitiver Therapie T1 - Alterations of biographical reviews and personality traits of depressive patients in the course of cognitive behaviour therapy N2 - Die als Eingruppen-Prä-Post-Studie konzipierte Arbeit umfasste ein Probandengut von 46 Patienten mit der Diagnose einer Major Depression nach DSM-IV, die sich im Zeitraum von 1999 bis 2005 in ambulanter psychiatrischer Therapie befanden und nach Prinzipien und Methoden der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie behandelt wurden. Mit dem Fragebogen für Psychovulnerabilität und Psychoprotektion (FPVP) wurden dabei biographische Merkmale sowie Persönlichkeitscharakteristika der Probanden erfasst. Zur quantitativen Beschreibung des momentanen Befindens dienten ferner die Eigenschaftswörterliste (EWL) sowie die Befindlichkeitsskala (Bf-S). Jeweils am Anfang sowie nach Abschluss der kognitiven Psychotherapie füllten die Patienten die entsprechenden Fragebögen aus. Eine Überprüfung der so ermittelten Ergebnisse auf statistisch signifikante Veränderungen nach Abschluss der Therapie erfolgte mittels des Wilcoxon-Vorzeichen-Rangsummen-Testes. Außerdem wurden Spearman-Rangkorrelationskoeffizienten zwischen den prätherapeutischen Werten der biographischen beziehungsweise persönlichkeitsbezogenen Variablen und den Veränderungen der allgemeinen Stimmungslage im Verlauf der Therapie errechnet. So sollte der Fragestellung nachgegangen werden, ob sich bestimmte Wesensmerkmale respektive biographische Einschätzungen der Probanden als Prädiktoren für die Veränderungen des allgemeinen Befindens im Laufe einer psychotherapeutischen Depressionsbehandlung erweisen. Die Studie konnte einerseits aufzeigen, dass die psychovulnerablen FPVP-Persönlichkeitsvariablen „Neurotizismus“ (NE) sowie „Desorganisation“ (DO) und „Arbeitsbezogenheit“ (AB) einer kognitiven Umstrukturierung zugänglich waren. Gleiches galt für die psychoprotektive Persönlichkeitsvariable „Zielgerichtetheit“ (ZG). Weiterhin konnte dargelegt werden, dass die biographischen Skalen „Kindliches Kontaktverhalten“ (KI) sowie „Schulisches Engagement“ (SCH), der Tatsache entsprechend, dass sie auf Erlebnissen und Erfahrungen basieren, die bereits in einer gewissen Weise stattgefunden haben, einer kognitiven Veränderung nicht unmittelbar zugänglich waren. Andererseits zeigte sich, dass es im Verlauf der kognitiven Psychotherapie zu einer Verbesserung der gegenwärtigen Stimmungslage und psychischen Befindlichkeit innerhalb des Patientenkollektivs kam. Dieses Ergebnis steht im Einklang mit zahlreichen früheren Studien, welche die hohe Effektivität der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie bei der psychotherapeutischen Depressionsbehandlung hinreichend belegen. Außerdem wurde dargelegt, dass die Prä-Werte der klinischen Skalen „Desorganisation“ (DO) und „Neurotizismus“ (NE) die Veränderungen der allgemeinen Stimmungslage im Laufe der kognitiven Therapie korrelativ beeinflussten. Je höher nämlich die prätherapeutischen Scores der genannten Variablen ausfielen, umso ausgeprägter verbesserte sich das psychische Befinden der Probanden verglichen mit den prätherapeutischen Ausgangswerten. Schließlich imponierte der Befund, dass sich die psychische Befindlichkeit der Testpersonen im Laufe der Behandlung umso positiver veränderte, je höher deren Introversions- beziehungsweise je geringer deren Extraversions-Werte zu Beginn der Therapie waren. Introvertierte Patienten scheinen demnach einen höheren Nutzen von dem psychotherapeutischen Verfahren der kognitiven Umstrukturierung zu haben. Auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse sowie auf den Erkenntnissen früherer Arbeiten, welche bereits den Zusammenhang zwischen Persönlichkeit und aktuellem Befinden darlegen konnten, wurden Folgerungen für das klinisch-therapeutische Vorgehen gezogen: Durch bewusste Förderung gewisser psychoprotektiver Faktoren beziehungsweise gezielte Abschwächung und kognitive Umstrukturierung psychovulnerabler Persönlichkeitsvariablen lässt sich die psychische Grundverfassung depressiver Patienten therapeutisch positiv beeinflussen. Biographische Merkmale können demgegenüber nicht unmittelbar verändert werden; jedoch ist es möglich, dem Patienten eine veränderte Perspektive auf Aspekte seiner Lebensgeschichte zu vermitteln, was bis hin zu einer fiktiven Rekonstruktion der eigenen Biographie reichen kann. Der im Rahmen dieser Studie aufgezeigte Befund, dass ein erfolgreicher Verlauf der kognitiven Therapie mit hohen Introversions- respektive geringen Extraversions-Werten der Probanden korrelierte, wirft schließlich die Frage auf, ob die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie als adäquates Therapieverfahren zur Behandlung depressiver Erkrankungen bei stark extravertierten Patienten verstanden werden kann. Da demgegenüber gerade introvertierte, emotional labile Patienten von diesem psychotherapeutischen Verfahren zu profitieren scheinen, bietet sich die kognitive Therapie als geeignete Behandlungsmethode zur Therapie depressiver Störungen bei solchen Patienten an. N2 - Alterations of biographical reviews and personality traits of depressive patients in the course of cognitive behaviour therapy KW - Depression KW - Persönlichkeit KW - Biographie KW - Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie KW - Depression KW - Persönlichkeit KW - Biographie KW - Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie KW - depression KW - personality KW - biography KW - cognitive behaviour therapy Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-66592 ER - TY - THES A1 - Altides, Anastasia Elisabeth T1 - BDNF Plasma Level als Marker für Alzheimer in der VITA Studie T1 - BDNF plasma levels as a marker for Alzheimer Disease in the VITA study N2 - HINTERGRUND: Der brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) reguliert die synaptische Plastizität und spielt somit eine wichtige Rolle in der Gedächtnisbildung und -erhaltung. Deswegen gibt es eingehende Untersuchungen dieses neurotrophischen Faktors in Bezug auf Demenzerkrankungen, vor allem der Alzheimer Demenz. In dieser Studie wurde nach einem Zusammenhang zwischen BDNF Blutplasmawerten und der Alzheimer Demenz in einer longitudinalen Kohortenstudie, der Vienna-Transdanube-Aging(VITA)-Studie gesucht. METHODEN: Die VITA-Studie ist eine kommunale Kohortenstudie aller 75jährigen Einwohner einer geographischen Region Wiens. Es wurden die BDNF Plasmawerte der Basisuntersuchung und der ersten Folgeuntersuchung 30 Monate später als mögliche Biomarker für die Alzheimer Demenz untersucht. Assoziationen zwischen BDNF Plasmawerten und anderen epidemiologischen Eckdaten wurden ebenfalls analysiert. ERGEBNISSE: Wir konnten keine Assoziation zwischen BDNF Plasmawerten und der Entwicklung oder einer bereits bestehenden Alzheimer Demenz finden. Geschlecht, Body-Maß-Index und Depression stellten sich als Komorbiditäts-Faktoren von Demenz-erkrankungen dar. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: BDNF Plasmawerte sind diesen Ergebnissen nach kein so viel versprechender molekularer Marker für Alzheimer Demenz wie erhofft. BDNF wird jedoch weiterhin in vielen interessanten Studienprotokollen untersucht, da es sowohl im Blutserum als auch im Hirngewebe nachgewiesen werden kann und somit viele diagnostische und therapeutische Ansätze inspiriert. N2 - BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates the plasticity of synapses and plays an important role in developing and sustaining memory. Therefore it is intensely researched with regard to dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we searched for a relationship between BDNF plasma levels and Alzheimer’s disease in a longitudinal cohort, the Vienna-Transdanube-Aging (VITA)-study. METHODS: The VITA is a prospective community-based cohort study of all 75 years old inhabitants of a geographical region of Vienna. We have investigated the BDNF plasma levels of the baseline and the first follow-up 30 months later as a possible biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease. Associations between BDNF plasma levels and other epidemiologic data were also analyzed. RESULTS: We found no association between BDNF plasma levels and the development or existence of Alzheimer’s disease. Gender, body-mass-index and depression were shown to be co-morbid to dementia. CONCLUSION: According to these results, BDNF plasma levels are not as promising as a molecular marker for Alzheimer’s disease as hoped for. BDNF, though, is still subject to many interesting study protocols, as it can be detected also in blood serum and brain tissue and therefore invites many diagnostic and therapeutic scenarios. KW - Alzheimer-Krankheit KW - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor KW - Depression KW - Biomarker KW - VITA Studie KW - Plasma Level KW - Alzheimer disease KW - BDNF KW - depression KW - VITA study KW - plasma levels Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-57274 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich A1 - Wagner, H. A1 - Clarke, AH T1 - Psychopathological states and their effects on speech and gaze behaviour N2 - Internal characteristics such as depressed mood, anxiety and general negative emotions are accompanied, particularly during depressive illness, by changes in observable behaviour. Accordingly, the following questions may be examined: are intra-individual changes in speech and gaze behaviour related to changes in the internal psychopathological state? Further, do these changes occur synchronously to changes in the state of subjective well-being? A longitudinal study was made on depressed patients. Their behaviour was observed during standardised interviews and diagnostic-therapeutic discussions held at regu~ lar intervals. Various speech and gaze parameters were examined with respect to their coordination and their relationship to the subjective state of well-being. Considerable variation was found in the temporal relationship amongst these variables. The results are discussed with respect to the relevance of speech parameters and the coordination of verbal and nonverbal behaviour as indicators of the psychopathological condition. KW - Psychologie KW - Social interaction KW - depression KW - verbal and nonverbal behaviour KW - speech KW - looking behaviour KW - dyadic interaction KW - single case study Y1 - 1980 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50323 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jay, Johanna Tharsilla T1 - Präfrontale Hirnoxygenierung während einer Aufgabe zum Arbeitsgedächtnis bei Patienten mit einer unipolaren Depression T1 - Prefrontal brain oxygenation during a working memory task of patients with a unipolar depression N2 - Patienten mit Depression zeigen typischerweise eine Beeinträchtigung kognitiver Funktionen, vor allem im Bereich der exekutiven Funktionen. Als neuroanatomisches Korrelat konnte den exekutiven Funktionen der präfrontale Kortex zugeordnet werden. In den bisherigen bildgebenden Untersuchungen bei depressiven Patienten konnte vor allem eine Hypofrontalität festgestellt werden. Durch verschiedene neuropsychologische Tests konnten kognitive Defizite vor allem im visuell-räumlichen Arbeitsgedächtnis gezeigt werden. Als neuroanatomisches Korrelat konnte dem Arbeitsgedächtnis der DLPFC zugeordnet werden. Die bisher durchgeführten kombinierten Untersuchungen bei depressiven Patienten lieferten jedoch keine einheitlichen Ergebnisse. Mittelpunkt unserer Untersuchung war es deshalb mittels NIRS während der Durchführung eines Tests für das visuell-räumliche und das objektbezogene Arbeitsgedächtnis sowohl bei einer Patientengruppe mit unipolarer Depression als auch bei einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe die Aktivierungsmuster des präfrontalen Kortex zu ermitteln. Für den Zusammenhang zwischen der Hirnaktivierung und der Schwere der depressiven Erkrankung konnten keine signifikanten Korrelationen gezeigt werden. Dies spricht gegen den „state“-Charakter und für den „trait“-Charakter der Hypofrontalität bei einer depressiven Erkrankung. Die bezüglich der Verhaltensdaten gerechneten Varianzanalysen zeigten eine deutliche Schwierigkeitsabstufung zwischen den drei Bedingungen (OWM>VWM>KON). Der fehlende Interaktionseffekt Gruppe x Bedingung, also eine höhere Reaktionszeit der Patienten während allen Aufgaben und nicht nur während OWM und VWM deutet auf eine allgemeine Verlangsamung im Sinne einer psychomotorischen Verlangsamung hin und nicht wie erwartet auf ein besonderes Defizit im Bereich kognitiver Funktionen. Interaktionseffekte bei den bildgebenden Daten bei gleichzeitig fehlenden Interaktionsnachweisen bei den Verhaltensdaten deuten an, dass die funktionellen Daten unabhängig von den Verhaltensdaten interpretiert werden können. Ein kognitives Defizit für beide Komponenten des visuell-räumlichen Arbeitsgedächtnisses bei Patienten mit einer depressiven Erkrankung zeigt sich in unserer Untersuchung also weniger über die Verhaltensdaten als vielmehr über die verminderte Hirnaktivierung während OWM und VWM. Im Gruppenvergleich konnte in den ROI-Analysen für OWM und VWM wie erwartet ein spezieller Arbeitsgedächtniseffekt gezeigt werden, also eine höhere Aktivierung der Kontrollgruppe speziell für die Arbeitsgedächtnisaufgaben. Es wurde also insgesamt in unserer Untersuchung eine präfrontale Hypoaktivierung bei Patienten mit einer depressiven Erkrankung festgestellt. N2 - Patients suffering from depression typically show an impairment of cognitive functions, especially concerning the executive functions. The pre-frontal cortex was determined to be the neuroanatomical correlate of the executive functions. In previous imaging examinations of patients suffering from depression, a hypofrontality was demonstrated. By using different neuropsychological tests, cognitive deficits, especially for the visual-spatial working memory, could be demonstrated. The DLPFC could be shown to be the neuroanatomical correlate of the working memory. The previous combined examinations of patients suffering from depression had, however, failed to show consistent results. The focus of our examination therefore was to detect the pattern of brain activation of patients with a unipolar depression and healthy controls during a visual-spatial (VWM) and visual-object (OWM) working memory task by using Near-infrared Spectroscopy. Significant correlations concerning the connnection between brain activation and the severity of the depressive disease could not be demonstrated. This favors the “trait”-character rather than the “state”-character of the hypofrontality of a depressive disease. The analyses of variance of the behavioral data showed a clear grading of the difficulties among the three conditions (OWM>VWM>KON). The missing effect of interaction group x condition, meaning higher reaction times of the patients during all tasks and not just during OWM and VWM, implies a general slowing down in terms of a psychomotoric slowing down and not – different from what we had expected- a special deficit in the area of the cognitive functions. The effects of interaction of the imaging data combined with the missing effects of the behavioral data imply that the functional data can be interpreted independently from the behavioral data. In our examination, the cognitive deficit for both components of the visual-spatial working memory of patients with a unipolar disease can be demonstrated to a lesser degree through the behavioral data than through the attenuated brain activation during OWM and VWM. As we expected, in the comparison of the groups a special effect for working memory could be demonstrated in the ROI-analyses for OWM and VWM, meaning a higher activation of the control group, especially for the working memory tasks. Therefore, in general, our examination demonstrated a prefrontal hypoactivation of patients suffering from a depressive disease. KW - Depression KW - Arbeitsgedächtnis KW - Präfrontaler Cortex KW - depression KW - working memory KW - prefrontal cortex Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-51554 ER - TY - THES A1 - Doenitz, Christian T1 - Adulte Neurogenese in alten Serotonin-Transporter defizienten Mäusen T1 - Adult neurogenesis in aged serotonin transporter deficient mice N2 - Das serotonerge System des Gehirns mit seinen Projektionen ins limbische System ist an der Pathogenese der Depression und anderer neuropsychiatrischer Erkrankungen beteiligt. Bei der serotonergen Neurotransmission spielt der Serotonintransporter (5-HTT) eine wichtige Rolle und ist auch therapeutischer Angriffspunkt verschiedener Antidepressiva. Das Tiermodell der 5-HTT-Knockout(KO)-Maus dient der Untersuchung des serotonergen Systems. Diese Tiere besitzen neben einem verstärkten Angst-ähnlichen Verhalten auch erhöhte 5-HT-Konzentrationen im synaptischen Spalt. Lange Zeit war man der Meinung, dass nahezu alle Nervenzellen während der Embryogenese bis kurz nach der Geburt gebildet werden. Neuere Untersuchungen konnten Neurogenese jedoch auch im Gehirn adulter Tiere und auch des Menschen nachweisen. Eine wichtige Gehirnregion mit adulter Neurogenese (aN) bis ins hohe Alter ist der Gyrus dentatus (GD) des Hippocampus. Der Hippocampus ist zentraler Teil des limbischen Systems und hat Schlüsselfunktionen bei Lernprozessen und der Gedächtnisbildung und unterliegt durch seine serotonerge Innervation auch dem Einfluss von 5-HT. Die Zusammenfassung dieser Beobachtungen führte zu folgender Arbeitshypothese: Eine erniedrigte Zahl von 5-HTT führt zu chronisch erhöhten 5-HT-Spiegeln im synaptischen Spalt. Die damit verbundene Stimulation des serotonergen Systems führt zu einer veränderten aN. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die quantitative Bestimmung von Proliferation, Überleben und Migration neu entstandener Zellen in der KZS des GD von heterozygoten (HET) und homozygoten 5-HTT-Mäusen (KO), die mit Wildtyptieren (WT) verglichen wurden. Dabei wurden ältere Mäusen mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 13,8 Monaten verwendet. In der Gruppe zur Untersuchung der Proliferation wurden die Versuchstiere (n=18) 24 h nach Injektionen mit BrdU getötet und histologische Schnitte des Hippocampus post mortem untersucht. In der Gruppe zur Untersuchung der Überlebensrate und Migration wurden die Mäuse (n=18) 4 Wochen nach den BrdU-Injektionen getötet. Im Proliferationsversuch wurde ein signifikanter Unterschied bei der Konzentration BrdU-markierter Zellkerne in der SGZ zwischen KO-Mäusen im Vergleich zu WT-Tieren gefunden, wobei HET-Mäuse ebenfalls eine signifikant höhere Konzentration BrdU-markierter Zellkerne in der SGZ gegenüber WT-Mäusen zeigten. In diesem Experiment ist somit ein positiver Einfluss des heterozygoten und homozygoten 5-HTT-KO auf die Entstehungsrate neuer Zellen im GD des Hippocampus im Vergleich zu den WT-Tieren feststellbar. Im Versuch zur Feststellung der Überlebensrate neu gebildeter Zellen im Hippocampus nach vier Wochen zeigten KO-Mäuse gegenüber WT- und HET-Mäusen keine signifikant höhere Zahl BrdU-markierter Zellkerne. Auch bei der Untersuchung der Migration war beinahe die Hälfte der BrdU-markierten Zellen von der SGZ in die KZS eingewandert. Ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den verschiedenen 5-HTT-Genotypen zeigte sich nicht. Offenbar hat der heterozygote oder homozygote 5-HTT-KO keinen Einfluss auf die Überlebensrate und das Migrationsverhalten neu entstandener Zellen. Bei den in dieser Arbeit durchgeführten Untersuchungen zur aN in 5-HTT-KO-Mäusen konnte weder bei der Gruppe zur Untersuchung der Proliferation von neuronalen Vorläuferzellen noch bei der Untersuchung der Überlebensrate oder Migration eine Abhängigkeit der ermittelten Konzentration BrdU-positiver Zellen vom Geschlecht oder Alter gefunden werden. Es zeigte sich jedoch eine signifikante negative Korrelation zwischen dem Gewicht der Tiere und dem Anteil gewanderter Zellen im Migrationsversuch, d.h. leichtere Tiere hatten tendenziell einen höheren Anteil von in die KZS eingewanderten Zellen. Zusammengefasst zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit zum einen, dass ältere KO- oder HET-Mäuse im Vergleich zu WT-Tieren eine erhöhte Proliferationsrate von neuronalen Vorläuferzellen aufweisen. Zum anderen konnte ein indirekter Zusammenhang zwischen dem Gewicht der Versuchstiere und der Anzahl von in die KZS eingewanderten Zellen nachgewiesen werden. Bei einer Vergleichsuntersuchung in unserem Hause mit zwei Gruppen jüngerer adulter 5-HTT-KO Mäuse mit einem Durchschnittalter von 7 Wochen und 3 Monaten konnte die Beobachtung einer erhöhten Proliferation nicht gemacht werden. Wir gehen deshalb davon aus, dass in diesem 5-HTT-KO Modell nur in höherem Alter eine veränderte 5-HT-Homöostase zu einer verstärkten Proliferation von neuronalen Vorläuferzellen führt. N2 - Serotonin (5-HT) is a regulator of morphogenetic activities during early brain development and adult neurogenesis, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and synaptogenesis. The 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) mediates high-affinity reuptake of 5-HT into presynaptic terminals and thereby fine-tunes serotonergic neurotransmission. Inactivation of the 5-HTT gene in mice reduces 5-HT clearance resulting in persistently increased concentrations of synaptic 5-HT. In the present study, we investigated the effects of elevated 5-HT levels on adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus of aged 5-HTT deficient mice, including stem cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Using an in vivo approach, we showed an increase in proliferative capacity of hippocampal adult neural stem cells in aged 5-HTT knockout mice (~13,8 months) compared to wildtype controls. We showed that the cellular fate of newly generated cells in 5-HTT knockout mice is not different with respect to the total number and percentage of neurons or glial cells from wildtype controls. Our findings indicate that elevated synaptic 5-HT concentration throughout early development and later life of aged 5-HTT deficient mice does influence stem cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. KW - Neurogenese KW - adulte Neurogenese KW - Depression KW - Serotonin-Transporter KW - Hippocampus KW - Knockout KW - adult neurogenesis KW - hippocampus KW - depression KW - serotonin transporter KW - knockout Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-49745 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gerhards, Stefan Gerd T1 - Emotionale Belastung und Krankheitsverarbeitung bei Patienten mit chronischen Lebererkrankungen am Beispiel von chronischen Virus-Hepatitiden und autoimmunen Lebererkrankungen T1 - Emotional load and disease processing in patients with chronic liver illnesses by the example of chronic virus hepatitis and autoimmune liver diseases N2 - Im Zentrum des forschungsleitenden Interesses stand die Fragestellung, ob es Unterschiede bezüglich des Auftretens und der Intensität von Angst bzw. Depression sowie körperlichen Beschwerden zwischen den Patientengruppen mit unterschiedlichen chronischen Lebererkrankungen (HBV, HCV, AIH) gibt. Die Bestimmung der Korrelation zwischen dem Fortschreiten der Lebererkrankung (von Hepatitis über Fibrose zu Zirrhose) und dem Ausmaß depressiver und ängstlicher Symptomatik stand hierbei für alle drei Patientengruppen im Fokus des Interesses. Alle Patienten waren zum Erhebungszeitpunkt ohne spezifische medikamentöse Behandlung aufgrund ihrer Lebererkrankung. Als sekundäres Studienziel sollte die Forschungsfrage beantwortet werden, ob die vier angewendeten verschiedenen psychometrischen Erhebungsinstrumente (HADS-D, SCL-90-R, IIP-C und SF-36) hier zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen führen oder ob die Verfahren größtenteils in ihren Ergebnissen übereinstimmen. Auf der Grundlage der histologischen Daten konnte in der Subgruppe der Hepatitis-C-Patienten ein Zusammenhang zwischen Progression der Leberfibrose, depressiver Symptomatik und verminderter körperlicher Gesundheit dargestellt werden. Nur bei Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis-C-Infektion konnte ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang (r = 0,205) zwischen der Zeitdauer seit Mitteilung der Primärdiagnose und dem Ausmaß der depressiven Symptomatik festgestellt werden. Alle drei chronischen Lebererkrankungen waren dagegen mit erhöhten Angstwerten assoziiert: bei der Autoimmunhepatitis kam es in 21,4 % der analysierten Fälle, bei der Hepatitis B in 13,9 % und bei der Hepatitis C in 11,8 % zu einer Überschreitung des Cutoff-Wertes mit klinisch relevanter Symptomausprägung. Dieser Prozentsatz fällt in der Allgemeinbevölkerung mit 5,7 % deutlich geringer aus. Es fiel auf, dass die Angst mit zunehmend besseren Therapiemöglichkeiten der Grunderkrankung abnimmt. Lediglich in der Subgruppe der HBV-Infizierten war eine signifikant positive Korrelation der Variablen Angst bzw. Ängstlichkeit und Zeitraum seit Mitteilung der Diagnose zu verzeichnen (r = 0,388). Das eingesetzte psychiatrische Screeningverfahren (SCL-90-R) vermochte nicht zwischen den drei chronischen Lebererkrankungen zu differenzieren, zeigte jedoch eine deutlich erhöhte psychische Gesamtbelastung im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung. Die Gesamtbelastung war größer als beispielsweise bei Patienten nach Myokardinfarkt. Dagegen scheinen interpersonale Probleme gemäß den vorgestellten Studienergebnissen bei keiner der drei hepatologischen Erkrankungen eine Rolle im Sinne einer Belastung mit Krankheitswert zu spielen. Bezüglich der erhobenen Lebensqualitätsparamter (SF-36) zeigte sich ein deutlich messbarer Unterschied zwischen der psychischen und der physischen Gesamtbelastung. Hierbei war die psychische Belastung eindeutig im Vordergrund. Alle drei Patienten-Subgruppen zeigten in diesem Zusammenhang durchaus vergleichbare Resultate. Die Hepatitis-B-Gruppe gab insgesamt die größte mentale Belastung an, bei gleichzeitig größten körperlichen Schmerzen innerhalb der drei Gruppen. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass die gemessene psychische Gesamtbelastung der drei Erkrankungen deutlich über der der Allgemeinbevölkerung liegt und vergleichbare Muster aufweist. Bei der chronischen HCV-Infektion zeigte sich ein signifikanter Zusammenhang von Fibroseprogression, länger dauerndem Krankheitsbewusstsein und erhöhten Depressionswerten. Alle drei Erkrankungen führten zu psychischen Auffälligkeiten (z.B. bezüglich der erhobenen HADS-Scores): Während die Depression bei den HCV-Patienten überwog, war die Angst das dominierende Problem der AIH- und der HBV-Patienten. Bei letzteren wären mit Blick auf den weiterführenden Forschungsbedarf erneute Studien anzustreben, die die Angst in den Fokus der Betrachtung stellen, da deren Auswirkung auf die Therapie nicht zu unterschätzen ist. Für die Klinik bedeutet dies, dass es wünschenswert wäre, den neu erworbenen Wissensbestand bezüglich Depression und Angst der Patienten in Schulungen des klinischen Fachpersonals handlungsleitend zu integrieren und auf diesem Wege unter anderem einen Beitrag zu leisten, den Stigmatisierungstendenzen im Umgang mit den Erkrankungen entgegenzuwirken und die klinischen Betreuung weiter zu optimieren. N2 - In the center of the research-leading interest the question was located whether there is a difference in the occurrence and the intensity of fear and/or depression as well as physical complaints between the groups of patients with different chronic liver illnesses (HBV, HCV, AIH). The focus of the interest stood here in the determination of the correlation between the progressing of the liver illness (hepatitis over fibrosis to cirrhosis) and the extent of depressive and fearful symptomatology. At the collection time all patients were without specific medicamentous treatment due to their liver illness. As a secondary study goal the research question should be answered whether here the four applied different collection instruments (HADS-D, SCL-90-R, IIP-C and SF-36) to lead to different results. On the basis of the histological data a connection between progression of the fibrosis, depressive symptomatology and decreased physical health could be represented in the group of the hepatitis C patients. Only the patients with chronic hepatitis C infection showed a correlation (r = 0.205) between the length of time since report of the primary diagnosis and the extent of the depressive symptoms. All three chronic liver illnesses were associated with increased fear values. The SCL-90-R showed similar results for the psychological stress by all three chronic liver illnesses. Who was larger than by patients after myocardial infarction. In summary one can say that the measured psychological total cost of the three illnesses is higher as in the general population. With the chronic HCV infection a significant connection showed up of fibrosisprogression, longer lasting disease consciousness and higher depression values. While the depression outweighed with the HCV patients, the fear was the dominating problem of the AIH and the HBV patients. KW - TSD KW - Reaktive Depression KW - HADS-D KW - Milde Depression KW - Hepatitis B KW - Hepatitis C KW - Leberzirrhose KW - Hepatitis KW - Depression KW - hepatitis KW - depression KW - HADS-D Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38689 ER - TY - THES A1 - Langguth, Jan-Philipp T1 - Prädiktoren der generischen und krankheitsspezifischen Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz T1 - Predictors of generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life in patients with chronic systolic heart failure N2 - No abstract available KW - Lebensqualität KW - Herzinsuffizienz KW - Depression KW - Prädiktoren KW - Lebensqualitätsfragebögen KW - heart failure KW - health related quality of life KW - depression KW - predictors Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37153 ER - TY - THES A1 - Finger, Mathias Johannes T1 - Adulte hippocampale Neurogenese bei psychischen Erkrankungen T1 - Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in psychiatric deseases N2 - Es existiert bereits eine Vielzahl von tierexperimentellen Studien bezüglich Einflussfaktoren auf die adulte Neurogenese. Nachdem die Teilungsfähigkeit von neuralen Stammzellen Ende der 1990er Jahre auch im adulten humanen Gehirn nachgewiesen wurde, war es das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, adulte Neurogenese bei psychischen Erkrankungen zu quantifizieren bzw. den Ein-fluss medikamentöser Therapien auf die adulte Neurogenese zu untersuchen. Diese Studie stellt dabei die bislang einzige Arbeit dar, die sich mit der humanen adulten Neurogenese bei psychischen Erkrankungen beschäftigt. Mittels Doppelfärbungen von Ki67 und BrdU an Mausgewebe wurde zunächst nachgewiesen, dass das Ki67-Antigen ein zuverlässiger Marker für sich teilende Zellen ist, woraufhin die Färbeprozedur problemlos auf Humangewebe übertragen werden konnte. Die Quantifizierung von Ki67 positiven Zellen erfolgte entlang der Körnerzellschicht in einem definierten Abstand in der Einheit Zellen pro Millimeter. Die Ergebnisse der hier vorliegenden Studie widersprechen in mehrfacher Hinsicht den Hypothesen, die sich aus tierexperimentellen Studien ergeben. Während die neurale Stammzellproli-feration bei schizophrenen Psychosen signifikant vermindert ist, findet sich kein Unterschied bei affektiven Erkrankungen im Vergleich zu Kontrollen. Weder wird die „Neurogenese-Hypothese“ der Depression bestätigt, noch zeigte sich ein Effekt antidepressiv oder antipsychotisch wirksamer Pharmaka auf die Rate adulter Neurogenese, da eine pharmakologische Therapie jedweder Art keinen Einfluss auf die Zahl Ki67 positiver Zellen hatte. Deshalb scheint eine Steigerung der adulten Neurogenese kein Wirkmechanismus dieser Medikamente zu sein. Ein überraschendes Ergebnis jedoch ist die signifikant reduzierte Rate adulter Neurogenese bei an Schizophrenie erkrankten Patienten. Aufgrund der sehr begrenzten Anzahl untersuchter Patienten ist die vorliegende Studie in ihrer Aussagekraft jedoch eingeschränkt und muss daher an einem größeren Patientenkollektiv wiederholt werden. Eine Vielzahl von Fragen bzgl. des Stellenwerts der adulten Neurogenese bei psychischen Erkrankungen bleibt darüber hinaus weiter ungeklärt, was die Durchführung weiterer Studien am adulten humanen Gehirn verlangt. N2 - The phenomenon of adult neurogenesis (AN), that is, the generation of functional neurons from neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, has attracted remarkable attention, especially as it was shown that this process is also active in the human brain. Based on animal studies, it has been suggested that reduced AN is implicated in the etiopathology of psychiatric disorders, and that stimulation of AN contributes to the mechanism of action of antidepressant therapies. As data from human post-mortem brain are still lacking, we investigated whether the first step of AN, that is, the level of neural stem cell proliferation (NSP; as quantified by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry), is altered in tissue from the Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium comprising brain specimens from patients with bipolar affective disorder, major depression, schizophrenia as well as control subjects (n = 15 in each group). The hypothesis was that stem cell proliferation is reduced in affective disorders, and that antidepressant treatment increases NSP. Neither age, brain weight or pH, brain hemisphere investigated nor duration of storage had an effect on NSP. Only in bipolar disorder, postmortem interval was a significant intervening variable. In disease, onset of the disorder and its duration likewise did not affect NSP. Also, cumulative lifetime dose of fluphenazine was not correlated with NSP, and presence of antidepressant treatment did not result in an increase of NSP. Concerning the different diagnostic entities, reduced amounts of newly formed cells were found in schizophrenia, but not in major depression. Our findings suggest that reduced NSP may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, whereas the rate of NSP does not seem to be critical to the etiopathology of affective disorders, nor is it modified by antidepressant drug treatment. KW - Neurogenese KW - Depression KW - Schizophrenie KW - Hippocampus KW - Manie KW - Bromdesoxyuridin <5-Brom-2-desoxyuridin> KW - Ki-67 KW - bipolar affektive Erkrankung KW - adult neurogenesis KW - hippocampus KW - schizophrenia KW - depression KW - bipolar affective disorder Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-27351 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ullmann, Birgit T1 - Langzeiteffektivität acht Jahre nach Gastric banding-Operation T1 - Long-term effectiveness eight years after gastric banding operation N2 - Bei morbider Adipositas (BMI > 40 kg/m²), von der in Deutschland 1,6% der übergewichtigen Frauen und 0,5% der übergewichtigen Männer (BMI > 25 kg/m²) betroffen sind, erweisen sich für eine ausreichende und dauerhafte Gewichtsreduktion nur chirurgische Maßnahmen, wie z.B. laparoskopisches Gastric banding als effektiv. Allerdings fehlen Studien zur langfristigen Effektivität. In der vorliegenden Katamnesestudie zur Langzeiteffektivität von Gastric banding acht Jahre nach stattgefundener Operation wurden Veränderungen in Gewicht, depressiver Symptomatik, Selbstakzeptanz, Essverhalten und aufgetretene Komplikationen untersucht. N2 - In Germany 1.6% of overweight women and 0.5% of overweight men (BMI > 25 kg/m²) are morbidly obese. A sufficient and lasting weight loss in patients suffering from morbid obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m²) can only be achieved by surgical intervention such as laparoscopic gastric banding. Long-term results of laparoscopic gastric banding have been rarely reported. In the present follow-up history the long-term effectiveness eight years after gastric banding operation was evaluated: we investigated changes in weight loss, depression, self-acceptance, eating behaviour and complications. KW - Gastric banding KW - Katamnese KW - Gewicht KW - Depression KW - Komplikation KW - Langzeitergebnisse KW - acht Jahre KW - Selbstakzeptanz KW - Essverhalten KW - gastric banding KW - long-term results KW - weight loss KW - depression KW - eating behaviour KW - complication Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-26985 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wollner, Verena T1 - Depression, Lebensqualität und Überlebenszeit bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz T1 - Depression, Quality of Life and Survival in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure N2 - Die vorliegende prospektive Studie hatte zum Ziel, den Zusammenhang zwischen Depression und Mortalität einerseits und Lebensqualität und Mortalität andererseits bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz zu untersuchen. Zusätzlich wurden Determinanten für Depression und Lebensqualität untersucht. Eine konsekutive Kohorte von 231 ambulanten Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz wurde bei Studieneinschluss eingehend medizinisch untersucht und gebeten Fragebögen bezüglich Lebensqualität (KCCQ und SF-36) und Depression (PHQ) zu beantworten. Die Überlebensdaten wurden 2 bis 4 Jahre nach Studieneinschluss erhoben. In der vorliegenden Studie konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Vorliegen einer Major Depression und einer kürzeren Überlebenszeit nachgewiesen werden, der auch nach Kontrolle biomedizinischer prognostischer Faktoren bestand. Eine Minor Depression ging nicht mit einer kürzeren Überlebenszeit einher. Ferner kamen wir zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Schweregrad der NYHA-Klasse eine starke Determinante der Depression ist. Geschlecht, Alter und Ejektionsfraktion konnten nicht als Determinanten der Depression identifiziert werden. Auch die subjektiv empfundene Lebensqualität des Patienten steht im Zusammenhang mit der Überlebenszeit. Je höher die Lebensqualität, desto geringer ist das Risiko für Mortalität. Als Prädiktoren der Lebensqualität erwiesen sich Geschlecht, Alter, NYHA-Klasse und Depression, nicht jedoch die Ejektionsfraktion. Einschränkungen der Studie bestehen aufgrund der kleinen Stichprobe sowie des selektiven Patientenguts. Mögliche Mechanismen, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Depression und Überlebenszeit erklären können, sind verminderte Compliance des depressiven Patienten sowie unter anderem eine Dysregulation immunologischer Abläufe. Zur kausalen Klärung des Zusammenhangs von Depression bzw. Lebensqualität und Mortalität bedarf es zukünftig vor allem randomisierter Interventionsstudien. N2 - The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine whether the physical and mental components of health-related quality of life are independent predictors of survival in patients with chronic heart failure. A cohort of 231 outpatients with chronic heart failure was followed prospectively for 986 days. Generic health-related quality of life was measured with the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), disease-specific health-related quality of life was measured with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, and depression was measured with the self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire. As presented elsewhere, we found that major depression was associated with a doubled mortality risk even after adjustment for important prognostic factors, such as age, gender, etiology, type and degree of left ventricular dysfunction, and funcional status. Furthermore it should be noted that NYHA functional status was predictive of depression whereas gender, age and left ventricular ejection fraction were not. Generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life were predictive of survival an univariate analyses. After adjustment for age, gender, degree of left ventricular dysfunction and functional status, only the mental health component of SF-36 and the disease-specific health-related quality of life remained significant. Predictors of qualty of life were, except the left ventricular ejection fraction gender, age, NYHA functional class and depression. Certain limitations considering the relatively small sample size of this investigation habe to be mentioned. Depression may influence mortality not only via behavioral pathways such as reduced compliance but also via direct biological mechanisms involved in the pathogenetic processes of chronic heart failure. If depression was a causal risc factor, treating depression successfully should result in longer survival. However, these issues must be explored in future research. KW - PLC KW - Überlebenszeit KW - Chronische Herzinsuffizienz KW - Depression KW - Sterblichkeit KW - quality of life KW - depression KW - chronic heart failure KW - mortality Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-26521 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gawlik, Micha T1 - Assoziations- und Haplotypuntersuchung der Kandidatengene DAOA und FKBP5 bei Patienten mit manisch-depressiver Erkrankung, mit monopolarer Depression oder zykloider Psychose T1 - Association and haplotype examination of two susceptibility genes DAOA and FKBP5 for the manic-depression, monopolar depression and cycloid psychosis N2 - Im Rahmen dieser Studie sollte die Frage beantwortet werden, ob sich einzelne SNPs oder Haplotypen als biologische Marker affektiver Psychosen identifizieren lassen. Hierfür sollten Assoziations- und Haplotypuntersuchung an zwei Kandidatengenen, FKBP5 und G72 DAOA/G30, mit unterschiedlichen pathophysiologischen Theorien, durchgeführt werden. Das auf der Kortisolhypothese basierende Kandidatengen FKBP5 liegt auf dem Chromosom 6 p21 und stellt ein wichtiges Regulatorprotein für den Glukokortikoid- Rezeptor (GR) dar. In FKBP5 wurden drei SNPs mit einem schnelleren Ansprechen auf Antidepressiva assoziiert gefunden: rs4713916 in der vermuteten Promoterregion, rs1360780 im 2. Intron und rs3800373 im nicht translatiertem 3Ende (Binder et al. 2004). Die vorbeschriebenen Polymorphismen sollten in einem unabhängigen Kollektiv auf Assoziation mit affektiven Psychosen untersucht werden, um eine Rolle von FKBP5 bei der Ätiopathogenese affektiver Psychosen zu überprüfen oder einen Einfluss auf verschiedene Variable des Krankheitsverlaufs zu bestätigen. In unserer Studie mit 248 Fällen und 188 Kontrollen unterschieden sich die untersuchten SNPs in FKBP5, rs4713916, rs1360780 und rs3800373 in ihrer Verteilung nicht bei Erkrankten und Gesunden. Den einzigen signifikanten Hinweis für eine Assoziation mit affektiven Erkrankungen bot der Risikophaplotyp G-C-G mit einer Odds Ratio von 6,4, der jedoch nur bei 2,1% der Fälle vorkam. Auch zeigte sich kein Zusammenhang mit den untersuchten klinischen Parametern. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse können somit einen wesentlichen Beitrag von FKBP5 für die depressive Erkrankung nicht belegen. Es erscheint daher fraglich, ob Polymorphismen in FKBP5 als biologische Marker affektiver Psychosen dienen können. Das zweite Kandidatengen G72 DAOA /G30 war durch positive Kopplungsbefunde des chromosomalen Locus für die bipolare Störung und schizophrenen Psychosen identifiziert worden. Neuere Befunde lassen einen Einfluss auf das glutamaterge Transmittersystem vermuten (Chumakov et al. 2002). Das Genprodukt von G72, D-Amino-Oxidase (DAOA) fördert die Oxidation von D-Serine durch D-Amino-Oxidase (DAO), was zum Beinamen D-Amino-Oxidase-Aktivator (DAOA) führte. Da D-Serin ein wichtiger Aktivator des NMDA Glutamatrezeptors ist, könnte G72/DAOA einen wichtigen Faktor für die glutamatergen Signaltransduktion darstellen. Mehrfach wurde eine Assoziation von 69 Markern im Locus G72/G30 mit der bipolaren Depression aber auch schizophrenen Psychosen beschrieben (Detera-Wadleigh et al. 2006). In der Studie sollte eine mögliche Assoziation von SNPs in G72/G30 mit der Erkrankung überprüft und die vorbeschriebenen LD-Blöcke am 5Ende von G72 näher untersucht werden. Dafür wurden sieben SNPs, die sich über den chromosomalen Locus von G72/G30 verteilen, bei 429 Fällen mit affektiven und zykloiden Psychosen und 188 Kontrollen, untersucht. Durch die LD-Analyse der untersuchten SNPs konnte die Ausdehnung der vorbeschriebenen LD-Blöcke in G72 genauer definiert und rs9558575 dem 1. Block zugeordnet werden, der somit bis zum 5-Ende vom G72 reicht. Der SNP rs9558575 am 5- Ende vom G72 wurde erstmalig in dieser Studie untersucht. Trotz adäquater Power (80% bei α = 0,05) erreichte kein Einzelmarker Signifikanzniveau (Tabelle 17). Dennoch zeigten sich Hinweise für eine Beteiligung von G72/G30 am Erkrankungsrisiko, insbesondere für den SNP rs2391191 bei den zykloiden Psychosen. Darüber hinaus scheint der Risikohaplotyp rs2391191A / rs3916966C sowohl für die zykloiden Psychosen (p = 0,002), als auch für die Gesamtgruppe der Affektpsychosen (p = 0,017) ein geeigneter biologischer Marker zu sein. Die in der vorliegenden Studie gefundene Assoziation mit zykloiden Psychosen könnte dabei helfen, die Vorbefunde für G72/G30 als Risikogen sowohl für die bipolare Depression als auch schizophrenen Psychosen zu erklären, da die zykloiden Psychosen nach IDC10 beiden Krankheitsentitäten zugerechnet werden können. N2 - In this dissertation two susceptibility genes, FKPP5 and G72/DAOA for the manic depression and monopolar depression were examined by genotyping several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In summary, our data do not support a significant genetic contribution of FKBP5 or G72/DAOA to the pathogenesis of affective psychosis in the analysed markers; they may play a role as a disease modificatory factors. FKBP5: A dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been proposed as an important pathogenic factor in depression. Genetic variants of FKBP5, a protein of the HPA system modulating the glucocorticoid receptor, have been reported to be genetically associated with improved response to medical treatment and an increase of depressive episodes. We examined three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FKBP5, rs4713916 in the proposed promoter region, rs1360780 in the second intron and rs3800373 in the 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR), in a case-control study of Caucasian origin (affective psychosis: n= 248; controls: n= 188) for genetic association and association with disease related traits. Allele and genotype frequencies of rs4713916, rs1360780 and rs3800373 were not significantly different between cases and controls. Odds ratios were not increased between cases and controls, except the rare haplotype G-C-G (OR 6.81), representing 2.1% of cases and 0.3% of controls. The frequency of rs4713916AG in patients deviated from expected Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the genotype AA at rs4713916 in monopolar depression (P= 0.011), and the two-locus haplotype rs1360780T - rs3800373T in the total sample (overall P= 0.045) were associated with short duration of disease. In summary, our data do not support a significant genetic contribution of FKBP5 to affective psychosis in the analysed markers, and the findings are inconclusive regarding putative risk haplotypes or association with disease-related traits. G72/DAOA: The chromosomal region 13q32-33 has been found to be linked with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in several studies. After the description of two genes, G72 and G30, in this region by Chumakov et al 2002, association studies revealed evidence for an association of SNPs at G72/G30 with bipolar disorder, but the results remained heterogeneous with differing risk alleles and missing replication. We examined seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) around G7/G30: rs3916966, rs1935058, rs2391191, rs1935062, rs947267, rs3918342, rs9558575, in a case-control study of Caucasian origin (affective psychosis: n= 248; controls: n= 188) for genetic association. Allele and genotype frequencies were not significantly different between cases and controls, no single marker reached statistical significance. We found different specific marker combinations associated with manic depression rs1935062, rs2391191, rs3916966 (overall P=0.022 and monopolar affective disorder, rs1935058, rs947267, rs2391191, rs3916966, rs9558575 (overall P= 0.036), but no well-defined risk haplotype. Our data revealed no clear-cut association with polymorphisms and haplotypes in G72 with disease and did not support a significant genetic contribution of G72 to the pathogenesis of affective psychosis. KW - Kandidatengene KW - DAOA KW - G72 KW - FKBP5 KW - Depression KW - susceptibility genes KW - depression KW - FKBP5 KW - DAOA KW - G72 Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-23798 ER - TY - THES A1 - Eitel, Ingo T1 - Psychovulnerabilität und Psychoprotektion bei Patienten einer psychotherapeutischen Ambulanz : Vergleich von depressiven und nicht-depressiven Patienten mit einer nicht-klinischen Kontrollgruppe N2 - Die vorliegende Studie sollte klären in welchen Persönlichkeitsdimensionen sich depressive Patienten spezifisch von einer parallelisierten gesunden und klinischen Kontrollgruppe unterscheiden und welchen Einfluss die Persönlichkeit auf die Stimmung bei depressiven Patienten hat. Neben persönlichkeitsbezogenen Gegenwartsskalen wie sie in persönlichkeitspsychologischen Untersuchungen verwendet werden, kamen auch biographiebezogene Vergangenheitsvariablen zur Anwendung. Anhand der biographischen Variablen sollte untersucht werden, in welchem Zusammenhang Persönlichkeitsstrukturen und biographische Faktoren stehen und welchen Einfluss biographische Faktoren auf die Persönlichkeit und Stimmung von depressiven Patienten haben. Die klinische Studie umfasste 165 Versuchspersonen, aufgeteilt in 55 gesunde Probanden, 55 Patienten mit der Diagnose einer „Major Depression“, definiert nach DSM-IV und 55 psychisch kranke, jedoch nicht depressive Patienten (DSM-IV: Anpassungsstörungen, Schlafstörungen, Angststörungen). Die Patienten befanden sich im Zeitraum von 2000-2003 in ambulant psychiatrischer Behandlung. Das Aufnahmekriterium in die Studie war die Diagnose einer „Major depression“ nach DSM-IV. Die Kontrollgruppen wurden entsprechend der Hauptgruppe parallelisiert nach: 1. Geschlecht, 2. Alter (+/- 5 Jahre), 3. Schulbildung oder ausgeübter Beruf. Bei der Datenanalyse des Fragebogen für Psychovulnerabilität und Psychoprotektion (FPVP) mittels unterschiedlichen statistischen Verfahren fiel auf, dass sich die Patienten (depressive und sonstige psychisch kranke Patienten) deutlich von der gesunden Kontrollgruppe unterscheiden. Neurotizismus (NE) ist dabei der Persönlichkeitsfaktor, der bei den Patienten im Unterschied zu den Gesunden besonders ausgeprägt ist. Entgegen der häufig postulierten Unspezifität der Beziehung zwischen Neurotizismus (NE) und psychischer Störung, zeigen die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie den Zusammenhang differenzierter, da eine statistisch signifikante Trennung der beiden klinischen Gruppen (depressive und sonstige psychisch kranke Patienten) anhand der Dimension Neurotizismus (NE) möglich war. Neben der Skala Neurotizismus (NE) zeigten sich auch in den Skalen Arbeitsbezogenheit (AB), Zielgerichtetheit (ZG), Desorganisation (DO) und Kindliches Kontaktverhalten (KI) spezifische Skalenwertunterschiede zwischen den depressiven und sonstigen psychisch kranken Patienten. Die Skalen Rigidität (RI) und Idealität (ID) im Sinne des Typus melancholicus, stellten keine spezifischen Persönlichkeitsmerkmale von unipolar depressiven Patienten dar. Wir gehen daher wie Kronmüller et al. (2002a, b) von einer störungstypischen, nicht jedoch störungsspezifischen Persönlichkeitsstruktur im Sinne des Typus melancholicus bei Patienten mit Major Depression aus. Die empirisch aufgefundenen Zusammenhänge zwischen FPVP- und EWL-Skalen bestätigten weitgehend die aufgrund von inhaltlichen Hinweisen entwickelte These von den psychoprotektiven bzw. psychovulnerablen Qualitäten der einzelnen FPVP-Skalen. Darüberhinaus zeigte sich ein Einfluß von Persönlichkeits- bzw. biographischen Variabeln auf Stimmung und Befindlichkeit. Zusammenfassend assoziieren sich negativ zu wertende Persönlichkeitsvariable mit negativ erlebten Befindlichkeitsvariablen und positiv zu wertende Persönlichkeitsvariable mit positiv erlebten Befindlichkeits-variablen, d.h. es besteht eine Verbindung von eher überdauernden Eigenschaften der Persönlichkeit mit eher vergänglichen Erlebensweisen. Weiterhin zeigen die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie, dass neben Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen auch die Biographie ein wichtiger Vulnerabilitäts-faktor einer Depression ist. Die Biographie scheint dabei ihre pathogene Wirkung u.a. über die Persönlichkeit zu entfalten. Insbesondere die biographische Skala Primärsozialisation (PS) im Sinne einer ungünstigen Primärsozialisation (PS) zeigt bei den depressiven Patienten starke Zusammenhänge mit den Skalen Neurotizismus (NE) und Zielgerichtetheit (ZG). Auch anhand der Vorhersage der aktuellen Stimmung von Depressiven zeigt sich die Bedeutung der Skala Primärsozialisation (PS), die in der depressiven Gruppe v.a. eine negative Befindlichkeit mit den Aspekten Emotionale Gereiztheit und Angst vorhersagt. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Meinungen in der Literatur sind weitere empirische Studien zur Objektivierung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Biographie, Persönlichkeit und Stimmung bei Depressiven nötig. N2 - The difference between personality and biography of a random sample of 55 depressives, 55 matched patients (age, sex, education) with other psychic disorders and 55 matched (age, sex, education) nonclinical controls were investigated. Three self-reporting questionnaires were applied (FPVP, EWL, Bf-S). The results show that personality and biography are important factors of vulnerability in the onset and development of depression. In particular, the personality scales neuroticism (NE), workaholism (AB), disorganisation (DO), aim-relatedness (ZG), and infantile contact behaviour (KI) – an aspect of extraversion, differ between depressive patients on the one hand and patients with other psychic disorders as well as nonclinical controls on the other. The depressives showed lower scores in the scale “primary socialisation” (PS), i.e. the depressive patients consider their primary socialisation to be more unfavourable. The consequences of the findings for the treatment of depressives were discussed. KW - Depression KW - Persönlichkeit KW - Biographie KW - Stimmung KW - Neurotizismus KW - depression KW - personality KW - biographie KW - mood KW - neuroticism Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-21263 ER - TY - THES A1 - Giraldo Velásquez, Kathrin Christine T1 - Krankheitsursachen-Vorstellungen von Multiple-Sklerose-Patienten T1 - Conceptions for the reason of illness made by patients with multiple sclerosis N2 - In einer Querschnitt- und einer Längsschnittuntersuchung an insgesamt 95 Multiple Sklerose Patienten wurden in einem semistrukturierten Interview Krankheitsursachen-Vorstellungen (KUV) erfragt. Mit dem BDI wurde die Depressivität erfasst. Im Längsschnitt wurden 24 neu-diagnostizierte Patienten zu drei Zeitpunkten befragt: Gleich im Anschluss (max. 24 Stunden) an die Diagnoseeröffnung, nach 6 Wochen und nach 6 Monaten. Etwa die Hälfte aller Patienten äußerten subjektive Ursachenvorstellungen zu ihrer Erkrankung. In der Längsschnittstudie zeigte sich eine Zunahme der Patienten mit Krankheitsursachen-Vorstellungen, die nach sechs Monaten ebenfalls 50% erreichten. Inhaltlich konnten zwölf Hauptthemen herausgearbeitet werden: Umweltfaktoren, Veranlagung, Strafe, somatische Vorerkrankung, psychische Erkrankung, Schwangerschaft, Überanstrengung, Störung des Immunsystems, labile Persönlichkeit, Stress, Sorgen und Ängste, schlechte Kindheit. Patienten mit Krankheitsursachen-Vorstellungen unterschieden sich weder durch allgemein soziodemographische noch durch krankheitsspezifische Daten. Sie waren jedoch signifikant depressiver. Für die weitere Analyse erfolgte eine Aufteilung der Patienten nach der Art ihrer subjektiven Vorstellung in zwei polare Gruppen mit internal-psychischer versus external-körperlicher KUV. Dabei ließ sich zeigen, dass nicht das Vorhandensein von subjektiven Theorien als solches bereits mit höherer Depressivität einhergeht. Vielmehr sind es allein die Patienten mit internal-psychischen Kausalattributionen, die zu höheren Werten auf der Depressionsskala beitragen. Patienten mit eher external-körperlichen Erklärungsmodellen waren tendenziell sogar weniger depressiv als Patienten ohne KUV. Auch im Längsschnitt erfolgte zunächst analog die Inhaltsanalyse, wobei im Wesentlichen ähnliche Inhaltskategorien gefunden wurden. Anschließend werden die Entwicklung, Dynamik und Konstanz von subjektiven Theorien anhand von Einzelverläufen untersucht: Zehn Patienten hatten nie Krankheitsursachen-Vorstellungen, sieben entwickelten sie erst im Untersuchungszeitraum, sechs hatten Vorstellungen von Anfang an, wobei drei davon einen inhaltlichen Wechsel vollzogen. Als Funktion dieser subjektiven Theorien konnte in zwei Fällen eine komplette Krankheitsverleugnung aufgezeigt werden, in vier Fällen erfüllten die Ursachenvorstellungen Kontrollfunktionen für die Erkrankung. Anschließend werden die Ergebnisse im Kontext des derzeitigen Forschungsstandes diskutiert sowie Probleme der Studie methodenkritisch analysiert. Die Bedeutung von internal-psychischen KUV als möglicher Indikator für Patienten mit Problemen in der Krankheitsverarbeitung wird hervorgehoben. Hieraus werden Ansätze für weiterführende Forschungen sowie für die klinische Betreuung dieser Patienten abgeleitet. N2 - In a cross-section study and a longitudinal study of totally 95 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) we asked about personal thoughts for the origin of their disease in a semi-structured interview. Patient´s depression was measured with BDI. In the longitudinal study we examined 24 new detected patients with multiple sclerosis at three times: within 24 hours after the discovering of the diagnose, after 6 weeks and 6 month. Quite 50% expressed opinions about the reason for their disease. In the longitudinal study the number of patients with ideas for the reason of multiple sclerosis increased up to 50% after 6 month. We found 12 mean themes: environmental factors, genetic reasons, punishment, underlying somatic diseases, mental illness, pregnancy, overexertion, defects in the immune system, labile personality, stress, sorrows and anxiety, bad childhood. Patients with ideas for the reason of their disease did not differ in socio-demographic or illness dependent variables. But they were significantly more depressive. For further analyze we differentiated the patients in two polar groups relating to the kind of ideas they presented: internal-psychic versus external-somatic. This way we could show that it was not the existence of personal conceptions per se that correlated with higher depression but it was the internal-psychic attribution. Patients with rather external-somatic conceptions even tended to be less depressive than those without ideas. In the longitudinal study we analyzed analogous the contends of ideas for the reason of the illness and found in essence similar themes. We studied the development, dynamic and constancy of subjective theories by analyzing single courses. Ten patients never had personal conceptions for the reason of their disease, seven developed and six always expressed ideas, three of which changed contents. As a function of those personal ideas we discovered in two cases a complete denial of MS, in four cases the function was disease control. Finally we discuss our results in context with actual research and analyze methodic problems of the study. We emphasize the meaning of internal-psychic ideas as a possible indicator for patients with coping problems. We point out approaches for further investigation and for the treatment of these patients in the clinic context. KW - Krankheitsursachen-Vorstellungen KW - Multiple Sklerose KW - Depressivität KW - Krankheitsverarbeitung KW - subjektive Krankheitstheorie KW - personal conception for the reason of illlness KW - multiple sclerosis KW - depression KW - coping KW - causal attribution Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-16689 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lamprecht, Thorsten T1 - Die NoGo-Anteriorisierung (NGA) im Verlauf einer Depression und ihr Wert als eventueller Prädiktor für einen Behandlungserfolg T1 - The NoGo-anteriorisation (NGA) during a depression and its value as a predictor for treatment-response. N2 - Depressionen sind Erkrankungen, die mit vielfältigen pathophysiologischen Veränderungen einhergehen. So konnte mit Hilfe der funktionellen Bildgebung unter anderem eine verringerte Aktivität im dorsolateralen und dorsomedialen Präfrontalkortex und im anterioren Cingulum (ACC) festgestellt werden. Dabei zeigen depressive Patienten, die im rostralen ACC (Brodmann-Areal 24) hypermetabolisch waren, ein besseres Therapieansprechen als in diesem Areal hypometabolische Personen. Da der ACC maßgeblich für die Generierung des elektrophysiologischen Phänomens der NoGo-Anteriorisierung (NGA) verantwortlich ist, könnte diese ein Marker für ein eventuelles Therapieansprechen sein. Dies wurde an 28 depressiven Patienten getestet, indem bei ihnen bei stationärer Aufnahme und nach Teilremission der depressiven Symptomatik die NGA bestimmt wurde. Hierbei konnte keine positive Korrelation zwischen initialer NGA und Depressivitätsverbesserung, gemessen mittels HamD und BDI, nachgewiesen werden. Insofern scheint die NGA als elektrophysiologischer Marker kein geeigneter Parameter für die Vorhersagbarkeit eines Therapieansprechens im Rahmen einer depressiven Erkrankung zu sein. N2 - Depressions are diseases which go along with various pathophysiological changes. For example functional imaging shows decreased activity of the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC). Depressed person having higher activity in the rostral ACC (Brodmann area 24) have a better response for therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of the NoGo anteriorisation (NGA). This electrophysiological phenomenon is created by the ACC. The study enclosed 28 depressed people. NGA was measured before treatment and after clinical remission of symptoms. There was no correlation between the NGA and improvement in the depression-score (Becks Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Score). KW - NGA KW - depression KW - EKP KW - depression KW - NGA KW - ERP Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-16679 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fuchs, Isabella T1 - Einfluss von eigener Krebserkrankung und Krankheitserfahrungen in der Familie auf Angst und Depression beim hereditären Mamma- und Ovarialkarzinom T1 - The influence of own cancer disease and experience of illness in affected families with regard to anxiety and depression in case of suffering from breast cancer or ovarian cancer N2 - Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, emotionale Faktoren vor der Inanspruchnahme einer Tumorrisikosprechstunde bei Frauen und Männern mit einem erhöhten Brustkrebs- und/ oder Eierstockkrebsrisiko zu untersuchen. In diesem Zusammenhang sollen biomedizinische, anamnestische und soziodemographische Prädiktoren geprüft werden, die einen Einfluss auf die psychische Befindlichkeit dieser gesunden oder bereits erkrankten Ratsuchenden aus Hochrisikofamilien haben könnten. Die Untersuchung verfolgt im einzelnen folgende Fragestellungen: Unterscheiden sich erkrankte Mitglieder und gesunde Angehörige aus Hochrisikofamilien hinsichtlich der Ausprägung ihrer emotionalen Belastung? Welchen Einfluss haben medizinische bzw. klinische Variablen auf die emotionale Befindlichkeit bei Brustkrebspatientinnen? Gibt es Zusammenhänge zwischen bestimmten anamnestischen Faktoren und krebsspezifischer Angst bei gesunden Frauen aus Risikofamilien? Bestehen Zusammenhänge zwischen soziodemographischen Variablen und der emotionalen Befindlichkeit? Im Zeitraum von 1997 bis 1999 wurden im „Interdisziplinären Zentrum für familiären Brustkrebs“ (Humangenetik, Gynäkologie, Psychoonkologie) in Würzburg 179 Ratsuchende im Alter zwischen 13 und 71 Jahren (M=42, s=12) beraten. Davon waren 72 Personen anamnestisch an Brust- oder Eierstockkrebs erkrankt, 107 Personen waren gesunde Angehörige aus Hochrisikofamilien. Das Alter der Erkrankten lag durchschnittlich höher. Das Patientenklientel setzte sich zu 95,5% aus weiblichen Teilnehmerinnen zusammen. Die Mehrzahl der Probanden war zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt verheiratet oder lebte in einer festen Partnerschaft. Die Erhebung sämtlicher Daten erfolgte vor der Erstberatung zum Zeitpunkt der Inanspruchnahme der Tumorrisikosprechstunde. Neben der Erfassung medizinischer Daten anhand eines gynäkologischen und biomedizinischen Erhebungsbogens wurden die Studienteilnehmer gebeten, einen umfassenden Fragenkatalog zu beantworten. Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden die Variablenbereiche Risikowahrnehmung und krebsspezifische Angst, seelisches Befinden sowie einige soziodemographische Daten erfasst und in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Studie wurde als kontrollierte Querschnittsuntersuchung konzipiert, um die emotionale Befindlichkeit zum Zeitpunkt der klinischen Vorstellung zu erfassen. Hinsichtlich des psychologisch-orientierten Fragebogenteils kam die deutsche Version der Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) von Herrmann et al. (1995) zum Einsatz. Die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der zentralen Frage nach der Ausprägung der psychologischen Merkmale Angst, Depressivität und krebsspezifischer Erkrankungsfurcht zeigten, dass sowohl Angst- als auch Depressivitätswerte im Vergleich zu einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe durchschnittlich höher lagen. Ebenso finden sich in unserer Studie mehr Personen mit klinisch auffälligen Werten. Im Vergleich der beiden Subgruppen (Erkrankte vs. Gesunde) untereinander ergab sich hinsichtlich der psychosozialen Variablen kein signifikanter Unterschied, ebenso wenig ein Zusammenhang zwischen Risikostatus (definiert durch die Häufigkeitsangabe aller erkrankten Angehörigen innerhalb einer Familie) und emotionaler Befindlichkeit. Bei den Brustkrebspatientinnen zeigte sich, dass das Erkrankungsstadium sowie die Art der Therapie keinen Effekt auf Angst, Depressivität und krebsspezifische Angst haben. Betroffene, deren Erstdiagnose länger als 5 Jahre zurücklag, scheinen allerdings signifikant weniger krebsspezifisch ängstlich zu sein als diejenigen, die in den letzten 5 Jahren ihre Diagnose erfahren hatten. In der Stichprobe der gesunden Frauen aus Hochrisikofamilien ließen sich weder bei eigener Symptomwahrnehmung (benigne Mammaerkrankungen) noch bei anamnestisch bekanntem Tod der erkrankten Mutter höhere Werte krebsspezifischer Erkrankungsfurcht nachweisen. Die genannten Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der bisherigen Forschung sowie unter Berücksichtigung der methodischen Einschränkungen der vorliegenden Studie diskutiert. Dass sich in der Stichprobe eine Subgruppe von psychisch stark belasteten Frauen findet, legt den Bedarf einer spezifischen psychologischen Beratung und Intervention nahe sowie generell die Einbeziehung von psychosozialen und emotionalen Aspekten im Rahmen einer genetischen Beratung. N2 - In the present study we investigated the existential orientation respective anxiety and depression of patients suffering from ovarian or breast cancer at the point of making use of a genetic counselling consultation. We could demonstrate clearly that the values in the psychological testing as regards to anxiety and depression shows a distinct increasing in patients suffering from breast or ovarian cancer compared to healthy patients. In the investigated patients we are able to define a subgroup of patients with also pathological values in psychological testing which have a benefit of a special psychological intervention in line of a genetic counselling consultation. KW - BRCA KW - Depression KW - Angst KW - genetische Testung KW - BRCA KW - depression KW - anxiety KW - genetic testing Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-12195 ER - TY - THES A1 - Raff, Kerstin T1 - Krankeitsverarbeitung und emotionales Befinden bei Patienten mit chronisch lymphatischer Leukämie T1 - Coping and emotional states of patients with chronic lymphaitc leukemia N2 - Es wurden 36 Patienten mit chronisch lymphatischer Leukämie zu Krankheitsverarbeitung und emotionalem Befinden befragt. Schwerpunktmäßig wurden diesen Themen in Abhängigkeit von Alter und körperlichem Befinden untersucht. N2 - We report on 36 patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia and their coping resp. emotional states. These themes are discussed in dependence on age and physical disorders. KW - Krankheitsverarbeitung KW - Depression KW - Angst KW - Leukämie KW - Coping KW - depression KW - anxiety KW - leukemia Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-10524 ER - TY - THES A1 - Milnik, Alexander T1 - Depressivität bei Patienten mit akuter Leukämie oder hochmalignem Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom T1 - Depression of patients with acute leukemia or high malignant non Hodgkin lymphoma N2 - In der vorliegenden Längsschnittuntersuchung wurde die depressive Symptomatik von 40 Patienten mit akuter Leukämie oder hochmalignem Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom innerhalb der ersten sechs Monaten nach Diagnosestellung untersucht. Alle Patienten erhielten eine Chemotherapie. Die vorliegende Untersuchung erstreckte sich über insgesamt fünf Befragungen: T 1 = ein bis drei Tage nach Diagnosestellung, T 2 = in der Aplasiephase des ersten Chemotherapiezyklus, T 3 = zu Beginn des dritten Chemotherapiezyklus, T 4 = in der Aplasiephase des dritten Chemotherapiezyklus, T 5 = sechs Monate nach Diagnosestellung. Die Einschätzung der depressiven Symptomatik erfolgte mit Hilfe der extrahierten Subskala „Depressivität“ aus der deutschen Version der revidierten Symptom-Checkliste 90 (SCL-90-R) von Derogatis. Des Weiteren wurden die körperlichen Beschwerden der Probanden mit einem eigens für die vorliegende Studie konzipierten Instrument zu jedem Messzeitpunkt erfasst. Zusätzlich erfolgte zu den einzelnen Erhebungen eine Evaluation der Prognose der Erkrankung im Rahmen eines vom Arzt auszufüllenden Fragebogens. Die Resultate unserer Studie zeigten eine hochsignifikante Zunahme der Depressivität vom Erstinterview (T 1) zum zweiten Erhebungszeitpunkt (T 2), im Durchschnitt 11 Tage später in der Phase der Aplasie des ersten Chemotherapiezyklus. Das Ausmaß der Depressivität war zu Beginn des dritten Chemotherapiezyklus (T 3), durchschnittlich drei Monate nach Erstdiagnose, gegenüber dem zweiten Messzeitpunkt (T 2) unverändert. Der Ausprägungsgrad der Depressivität zu T 3 unterschied sich zudem weder von dem Level der depressiven Symptomatik in der entsprechenden Isolationsphase (T 4) noch von dem Ausmaß der Depressivität sechs Monate nach Diagnosestellung (T 5). Auch frühere Arbeiten beschrieben eine signifikante Zunahme der Depressivität nach Diagnosestellung. Die Erhebungsintervalle lagen dabei ein bis drei Monate auseinander. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Studien wurden in unserer Untersuchung mitunter sehr kurze Zeitabschnitte (ca. ein bis zwei Wochen) zwischen zwei Erhebungszeitpunkten gewählt. Hierdurch konnten wir erstmalig eine hochsignifikante Zunahme der Depressivität bereits innerhalb weniger Tage nach Diagnosestellung feststellen. Medizinische, soziodemographische und somatische Faktoren zeigten nur wenige Zusammenhänge mit der depressiven Symptomatik unserer Patienten. Die Ergebnisse zur Veränderung der Depressivität im Verlauf können nicht auf der Basis der hier erfassten medizinischen und somatischen Faktoren oder durch rein aplasiespezifische Umstände erklärt werden. Die Veränderung des Ausmaßes der Depressivität wird eher als Folge einer Modulation des Coping- und Abwehrverhaltens während des Krankheits- und Behandlungsverlaufes mit konsekutiver Änderung des emotionalen Befindens interpretiert. N2 - In this prospective study we investigated the depressive symptoms of 40 patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia or non Hodgkin lymphoma during the first six months after making the diagnosis. All patients were treated with chemotherapy. We interviewed the patients five times: T 1 = during the first three days after making the diagnosis, T 2 = during the time of aplasia of the first chemotherapy, T 3 = the beginning of the third chemotherapy, T 4 = during the time of aplasia of the third chemotherapie, T 5 = six months after making the diagnosis. The depressive symptoms were assessed with the scale „depression“ , extracted from Derogatis revised symptom-checklist 90 (SCL-90-R). Furthermore we assessed the somatic complaints of the patients and the physicians prognosis about the seriousness of patients disease with two especially designed questionnaires. The results of the study showed a high significant increase of the depression from the first interview (T 1) to the second (T 2), on average 11 days later during the aplasia of the first chemotherapy. There was no difference between the level of depression at the beginning of the third chemotherapy (T 3) and the second interview (T 2). The level of depression at T 3 differed neither from the level of depression at T 4, during the aplasia of the third chemotherapy, nor from the level of depression six months after making the diagnosis (T 5). Former prospective studies also described a significant increase of depression after making a diagnosis of cancer. The time between two interviews covered here one up to three months. In contrast to other studies we partially chose very short intervalls (about one or two weeks) between two interviews. By this we were able to show for the first time a high significant increase of depression already during the first days after making the diagnosis. The investigated medical, sociodemographic or somatic variables were not much related to depressive symptoms of our patients. The results of change of the level of depression during the six months after making the diagnosis can neither be based on the investigated medical and somatic variables nor on the specific situation of the aplasia. We interpret the difference of the level of depression over the time as a consequence of the modulation of the coping mechanisms during the course of the disease and treatment leading to a change of patients emotional health. KW - Depression KW - Depressivität KW - Leukämie KW - Lymphom KW - Chemotherapie KW - depression KW - leukemia KW - lymphoma KW - chemotherapy Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-4875 ER -