TY - JOUR A1 - El Mouali, Youssef A1 - Gerovac, Milan A1 - Mineikaitė, Raminta A1 - Vogel, Jörg T1 - In vivo targets of Salmonella FinO include a FinP-like small RNA controlling copy number of a cohabitating plasmid JF - Nucleic Acids Research N2 - FinO-domain proteins represent an emerging family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with diverse roles in bacterial post-transcriptional control and physiology. They exhibit an intriguing targeting spectrum, ranging from an assumed single RNA pair (FinP/traJ) for the plasmid-encoded FinO protein, to transcriptome-wide activity as documented for chromosomally encoded ProQ proteins. Thus, the shared FinO domain might bear an unusual plasticity enabling it to act either selectively or promiscuously on the same cellular RNA pool. One caveat to this model is that the full suite of in vivo targets of the assumedly highly selective FinO protein is unknown. Here, we have extensively profiled cellular transcripts associated with the virulence plasmid-encoded FinO in Salmonella enterica. While our analysis confirms the FinP sRNA of plasmid pSLT as the primary FinO target, we identify a second major ligand: the RepX sRNA of the unrelated antibiotic resistance plasmid pRSF1010. FinP and RepX are strikingly similar in length and structure, but not in primary sequence, and so may provide clues to understanding the high selectivity of FinO-RNA interactions. Moreover, we observe that the FinO RBP encoded on the Salmonella virulence plasmid controls the replication of a cohabitating antibiotic resistance plasmid, suggesting cross-regulation of plasmids on the RNA level. KW - antisense RNA KW - Escherichia coli KW - chromosomal genes KW - protein KW - chaperone KW - virulence KW - family KW - HFQ KW - specificity KW - inhibition Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-261072 VL - 49 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Metje-Sprink, Janina A1 - Groffmann, Johannes A1 - Neumann, Piotr A1 - Barg-Kues, Brigitte A1 - Ficner, Ralf A1 - Kühnel, Karin A1 - Schalk, Amanda M. A1 - Binotti, Beyenech T1 - Crystal structure of the Rab33B/Atg16L1 effector complex JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The Atg12-Atg5/Atg16L1 complex is recruited by WIPI2b to the site of autophagosome formation. Atg16L1 is an effector of the Golgi resident GTPase Rab33B. Here we identified a minimal stable complex of murine Rab33B(30-202) Q92L and Atg16L1(153-210). Atg16L1(153-210) comprises the C-terminal part of the Atg16L1 coiled-coil domain. We have determined the crystal structure of the Rab33B Q92L/Atg16L1(153-210) effector complex at 3.47 angstrom resolution. This structure reveals that two Rab33B molecules bind to the diverging alpha -helices of the dimeric Atg16L1 coiled-coil domain. We mutated Atg16L1 and Rab33B interface residues and found that they disrupt complex formation in pull-down assays and cellular co-localization studies. The Rab33B binding site of Atg16L1 comprises 20 residues and immediately precedes the WIPI2b binding site. Rab33B mutations that abolish Atg16L binding also abrogate Rab33B association with the Golgi stacks. Atg16L1 mutants that are defective in Rab33B binding still co-localize with WIPI2b in vivo. The close proximity of the Rab33B and WIPI2b binding sites might facilitate the recruitment of Rab33B containing vesicles to provide a source of lipids during autophagosome biogenesis. KW - autophagosome formation KW - ATG12-ATG5 conjugate KW - LC3 lipidation KW - binding sites KW - ATG proteins KW - RAB GTPases KW - family KW - membrane KW - recognition KW - proppins Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230396 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van de Kerkhof, Noortje W. A. A1 - van der Heijden, Frank M. M. A. A1 - Schneider, Marc K. F. A1 - Pfuhlmann, Bruno A1 - Stöber, Gerald A1 - Egger, Jos I. M. A1 - Verhoeven, Willem M. A. T1 - Cycloid psychoses: Leonhard's descriptions revisited JF - European Journal of Psychiatry N2 - Background and Objectives: Cycloid psychoses are characterized by polymorphic symptomatology with intraphasic bipolarity, a remitting and recurrent course and favourable prognosis. Perris and Brocicington (P&B) described the first set of operational criteria that were partly incorporated in ICD-10. The present study investigates psychopathological profiles according to the P&B criteria and the original descriptions by Leonhard, both against the background of the criteria from the prevailing international classification systems. Methods: Eighty patients with psychotic disorders were recruited and assessed with various psychometric instruments at baseline and after six weeks of antipsychotic treatment in order to investigate the presence of cycloid psychoses according to Leonhard (LCP) and the effect of treatment with antipsychotics. The overlap between LCP and DSM-IV Brief Psychotic Disorder (BPD), ICD Acute Polymorphic Psychotic Disorder (APP) and P&B criteria was calculated. Results: Using P&B criteria and a symptom checklist adapted from the original descriptions by Leonhard, 14 and 12 cases of cycloid psychosis were identified respectively reflecting a prevalence of 15-18%. Small though significant concordance rates were found between LCP and both DSM-BPD and ICD-APP. Concordance between LCP and P&B criteria was also significant, but modest. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that LCP can be identified in a substantial number of patients with psychotic disorders. Cycloid psychoses are not adequately covered in current classification systems and criteria. Since they are demonstrated to have a specific psychopathological profile, relapsing course and favourable prognosis, it is advocated to include these psychoses in daily differential diagnostic procedures. KW - P300 KW - endogenous psychoses KW - follow-up KW - schizophrenia KW - disorder KW - classification KW - validity KW - family Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134779 VL - 26 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frank, Daniel O. A1 - Dengjel, Jörn A1 - Wilfling, Florian A1 - Kozjak-Pavlovic, Vera A1 - Häcker, Georg A1 - Weber, Arnim T1 - The Pro-Apoptotic BH3-Only Protein Bim Interacts with Components of the Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane (TOM) JF - PLoS ONE N2 - The pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-family protein Bim belongs to the BH3-only proteins known as initiators of apoptosis. Recent data show that Bim is constitutively inserted in the outer mitochondrial membrane via a C-terminal transmembrane anchor from where it can activate the effector of cytochrome c-release, Bax. To identify regulators of Bim-activity, we conducted a search for proteins interacting with Bim at mitochondria. We found an interaction of Bim with Tom70, Tom20 and more weakly with Tom40, all components of the Translocase of the Outer Membrane (TOM). In vitro import assays performed on tryptically digested yeast mitochondria showed reduced Bim insertion into the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) indicating that protein receptors may be involved in the import process. However, RNAi against components of TOM (Tom40, Tom70, Tom22 or Tom20) by siRNA, individually or in combination, did not consistently change the amount of Bim on HeLa mitochondria, either at steady state or upon de novo-induction. In support of this, the individual or combined knockdowns of TOM receptors also failed to alter the susceptibility of HeLa cells to Bim-induced apoptosis. In isolated yeast mitochondria, lack of Tom70 or the TOM-components Tom20 or Tom22 alone did not affect the import of Bim into the outer mitochondrial membrane. In yeast, expression of Bim can sensitize the cells to Bax-dependent killing. This sensitization was unaffected by the absence of Tom70 or by an experimental reduction in Tom40. Although thus the physiological role of the Bim-TOM-interaction remains unclear, TOM complex components do not seem to be essential for Bim insertion into the OMM. Nevertheless, this association should be noted and considered when the regulation of Bim in other cells and situations is investigated. KW - bax KW - preproteins KW - phosphorylation KW - proteomics KW - degradation KW - cells KW - family KW - import KW - BH3 domains KW - Bcl-2 proteins Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143301 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Davis, Lea K. A1 - Yu, Dongmei A1 - Keenan, Clare L. A1 - Gamazon, Eric R. A1 - Konkashbaev, Anuar I. A1 - Derks, Eske M. A1 - Neale, Benjamin M. A1 - Yang, Jian A1 - Lee, S. Hong A1 - Evans, Patrick A1 - Barr, Cathy L. A1 - Bellodi, Laura A1 - Benarroch, Fortu A1 - Berrio, Gabriel Bedoya A1 - Bienvenu, Oscar J. A1 - Bloch, Michael H. A1 - Blom, Rianne M. A1 - Bruun, Ruth D. A1 - Budman, Cathy L. A1 - Camarena, Beatriz A1 - Campbell, Desmond A1 - Cappi, Carolina A1 - Cardona Silgado, Julio C. A1 - Cath, Danielle C. A1 - Cavallini, Maria C. A1 - Chavira, Denise A. A1 - Chouinard, Sylvian A1 - Conti, David V. A1 - Cook, Edwin H. A1 - Coric, Vladimir A1 - Cullen, Bernadette A. A1 - Deforce, Dieter A1 - Delorme, Richard A1 - Dion, Yves A1 - Edlund, Christopher K. A1 - Egberts, Karin A1 - Falkai, Peter A1 - Fernandez, Thomas V. A1 - Gallagher, Patience J. A1 - Garrido, Helena A1 - Geller, Daniel A1 - Girard, Simon L. A1 - Grabe, Hans J. A1 - Grados, Marco A. A1 - Greenberg, Benjamin D. A1 - Gross-Tsur, Varda A1 - Haddad, Stephen A1 - Heiman, Gary A. A1 - Hemmings, Sian M. J. A1 - Hounie, Ana G. A1 - Illmann, Cornelia A1 - Jankovic, Joseph A1 - Jenike, Micheal A. A1 - Kennedy, James L. A1 - King, Robert A. A1 - Kremeyer, Barbara A1 - Kurlan, Roger A1 - Lanzagorta, Nuria A1 - Leboyer, Marion A1 - Leckman, James F. A1 - Lennertz, Leonhard A1 - Liu, Chunyu A1 - Lochner, Christine A1 - Lowe, Thomas L. A1 - Macciardi, Fabio A1 - McCracken, James T. A1 - McGrath, Lauren M. A1 - Restrepo, Sandra C. Mesa A1 - Moessner, Rainald A1 - Morgan, Jubel A1 - Muller, Heike A1 - Murphy, Dennis L. A1 - Naarden, Allan L. A1 - Ochoa, William Cornejo A1 - Ophoff, Roel A. A1 - Osiecki, Lisa A1 - Pakstis, Andrew J. A1 - Pato, Michele T. A1 - Pato, Carlos N. A1 - Piacentini, John A1 - Pittenger, Christopher A1 - Pollak, Yehunda A1 - Rauch, Scott L. A1 - Renner, Tobias J. A1 - Reus, Victor I. A1 - Richter, Margaret A. A1 - Riddle, Mark A. A1 - Robertson, Mary M. A1 - Romero, Roxana A1 - Rosàrio, Maria C. A1 - Rosenberg, David A1 - Rouleau, Guy A. A1 - Ruhrmann, Stephan A1 - Ruiz-Linares, Andreas A1 - Sampaio, Aline S. A1 - Samuels, Jack A1 - Sandor, Paul A1 - Sheppard, Broke A1 - Singer, Harvey S. A1 - Smit, Jan H. A1 - Stein, Dan J. A1 - Strengman, E. A1 - Tischfield, Jay A. A1 - Valencia Duarte, Ana V. A1 - Vallada, Homero A1 - Van Nieuwerburgh, Flip A1 - Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy A1 - Walitza, Susanne A1 - Wang, Ying A1 - Wendland, Jens R. A1 - Westenberg, Herman G. M. A1 - Shugart, Yin Yao A1 - Miguel, Euripedes C. A1 - McMahon, William A1 - Wagner, Michael A1 - Nicolini, Humberto A1 - Posthuma, Danielle A1 - Hanna, Gregory L. A1 - Heutink, Peter A1 - Denys, Damiaan A1 - Arnold, Paul D. A1 - Oostra, Ben A. A1 - Nestadt, Gerald A1 - Freimer, Nelson B. A1 - Pauls, David L. A1 - Wray, Naomi R. A1 - Stewart, S. Evelyn A1 - Mathews, Carol A. A1 - Knowles, James A. A1 - Cox, Nancy J. A1 - Scharf, Jeremiah M. T1 - Partitioning the Heritability of Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Reveals Differences in Genetic Architecture JF - PLoS Genetics N2 - The direct estimation of heritability from genome-wide common variant data as implemented in the program Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) has provided a means to quantify heritability attributable to all interrogated variants. We have quantified the variance in liability to disease explained by all SNPs for two phenotypically-related neurobehavioral disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette Syndrome (TS), using GCTA. Our analysis yielded a heritability point estimate of 0.58 (se = 0.09, p = 5.64e-12) for TS, and 0.37 (se = 0.07, p = 1.5e-07) for OCD. In addition, we conducted multiple genomic partitioning analyses to identify genomic elements that concentrate this heritability. We examined genomic architectures of TS and OCD by chromosome, MAF bin, and functional annotations. In addition, we assessed heritability for early onset and adult onset OCD. Among other notable results, we found that SNPs with a minor allele frequency of less than 5% accounted for 21% of the TS heritability and 0% of the OCD heritability. Additionally, we identified a significant contribution to TS and OCD heritability by variants significantly associated with gene expression in two regions of the brain (parietal cortex and cerebellum) for which we had available expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Finally we analyzed the genetic correlation between TS and OCD, revealing a genetic correlation of 0.41 (se = 0.15, p = 0.002). These results are very close to previous heritability estimates for TS and OCD based on twin and family studies, suggesting that very little, if any, heritability is truly missing (i.e., unassayed) from TS and OCD GWAS studies of common variation. The results also indicate that there is some genetic overlap between these two phenotypically-related neuropsychiatric disorders, but suggest that the two disorders have distinct genetic architectures. KW - TIC disorders KW - missing heritability KW - complex diseases KW - neuropsychiatric disorders KW - common SNPS KW - gilles KW - family KW - brain KW - expression KW - autism Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127377 SN - 1553-7390 VL - 9 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hohenauer, Tobias A1 - Berking, Carola A1 - Schmidt, Andreas A1 - Haferkamp, Sebastian A1 - Senft, Daniela A1 - Kammerbauer, Claudia A1 - Fraschka, Sabine A1 - Graf, Saskia Anna A1 - Irmler, Martin A1 - Beckers, Johannes A1 - Flaig, Michael A1 - Aigner, Achim A1 - Höbel, Sabrina A1 - Hoffmann, Franziska A1 - Hermeking, Heiko A1 - Rothenfusser, Simon A1 - Endres, Stefan A1 - Ruzicka, Thomas A1 - Besch, Robert T1 - The neural crest transcription factor Brn3a is expressed in melanoma and required for cell cycle progression and survival JF - EMBO Molecular Medicine N2 - Pigment cells and neuronal cells both are derived from the neural crest. Here, we describe the Pit-Oct-Unc (POU) domain transcription factor Brn3a, normally involved in neuronal development, to be frequently expressed in melanoma, but not in melanocytes and nevi. RNAi-mediated silencing of Brn3a strongly reduced the viability of melanoma cell lines and decreased tumour growth in vivo. In melanoma cell lines, inhibition of Brn3a caused DNA double-strand breaks as evidenced by Mre11/Rad50-containing nuclear foci. Activated DNA damage signalling caused stabilization of the tumour suppressor p53, which resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. When Brn3a was ectopically expressed in primary melanocytes and fibroblasts, anchorage-independent growth was increased. In tumourigenic melanocytes and fibroblasts, Brn3a accelerated tumour growth in vivo. Furthermore, Brn3a cooperated with proliferation pathways such as oncogenic BRAF, by reducing oncogene-induced senescence in non-malignant melanocytes. Together, these results identify Brn3a as a new factor in melanoma that is essential for melanoma cell survival and that promotes melanocytic transformation and tumourigenesis. KW - oncogene-induced senescence KW - BRN-3A KW - DNA KW - DNA damage KW - tumourigenesis KW - P53 KW - in-vitro KW - neural crest factors KW - family KW - apoptosis KW - melanoma KW - BRAF mutations KW - domain Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122193 SN - 1757-4676 VL - 5 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Teichmann, Franziska A1 - Reinders, Heinz T1 - Familienkonzepte Jugendlicher T1 - Adolescents concepts of family. A review. N2 - Expertise zum Forschungsstand im Auftrag der Hessenstiftung Der Band gibt einen Überblick zu bisheriger Forschung in Deutschland über jugendliche Familienkonzepte. Betrachtet werden dabei 30 Studien des Zeitraums 1998 bis 2009, die bei Kindern oder Jugendlichen durchgeführt wurden. Der Überblick macht dabei deutlich, dass bislang kaum systematische Befunde darüber vorliegen, welche Gestalt Familienkonzepte aufweisen und welche Entstehungsfaktoren hierbei zu berücksichtigen sind. N2 - This review summarizes past decade's research on family concepts of adolescents. A total of 30 studies conducted in Germany were analyzed concerning the structure and antecedents of young people's images and concepts of family. Results indicate that there is still a lack of systematic research on this topic and hence future research should focus on how these concepts emerge and what types might be identified. T3 - Schriftenreihe Empirische Bildungsforschung - 12 KW - Familie KW - Jugend KW - Jugendforschung KW - Metaanalyse KW - Familienkonzepte KW - Family concepts KW - family KW - youth KW - youth research KW - meta analysis Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-39924 SN - 978-3-923959-60-0 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schmidt, Heike Birgit T1 - Belastungen und Bewältigung bei Immobilisation wegen drohender Frühgeburt : Eine Qualitative Analyse von Gesprächen mit betroffenen Frauen und ihren Partnern T1 - Antepartum Bed Rest : Burden, Coping and therapeutic needs Interviews with Women and Their Partners - a Qualitative Study N2 - Hintergrund: Trotz verbesserter Vorsorge und medizinischer Betreuung führen Komplikationen in Schwangerschaften noch immer zu Frühgeburten. Die Behandlung der betroffenen Frauen beinhaltet häufig stationäre und/oder häusliche Immobilisation. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit sollten nähere Informationen darüber gewonnen werden, wie die betroffenen Frauen, ihre Partner und falls vorhanden die Kinder diese Situation sowohl zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose als auch im weiteren Verlauf erlebt und bewältigt haben. Hierbei sollten persönliche Bewältigungsstrategien, soziale Unterstützung sowie Behandlungswünsche erfasst werden. Material und Methode: Von den angeschriebenen Familien, die sich aus dem stationären und ambulanten Bereich rekrutierten, nahmen 56% der Frauen (n=36) und 44% der Männer (n=28) an der retrospektiv angelegten Untersuchung teil. Die Befragung wurde mittels teilstrukturierter Interviews durchgeführt, die aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet sowie mit Familienbrettaufstellungen ergänzt wurden. Ergebnisse: Zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose erlebten sowohl die Frauen als auch die Männer vor allem Angst, Unsicherheit und Hilflosigkeit. Als hilfreich beschrieben die Betroffenen besonders eine an ihre Bedürfnisse angepasste ärztliche Aufklärung und Informationsvermittlung, durch die sie in die Lage versetzt wurden, ihre Situation und ihre Bewältigungsmöglichkeiten einzuschätzen. Im weiteren Verlauf standen für die Frauen Angst, Unsicherheit und Stimmungsschwankungen sowie Konflikte z. B. Interessenkonflikte zwischen der gefährdeten Schwangerschaft und familiären Anforderungen im Vordergrund. Trotzdem beschrieben mehr als die Hälfte der Frauen im weiteren Verlauf eine allgemeine/psychosoziale Stabilisierung und benannten die Bewältigungsstrategien Zuwendung und Eigeninitiative an erster Stelle als hilfreich. Bei der Kategorie Eigeninitiative, die häufig die Einflussnahme auf medizinische Entscheidungen betraf, wurde die Bedeutung der Verständigung zwischen Arzt und Patientin für eine erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit und Compliance deutlich. Frauen mit Kindern benannten auch instrumentelle Hilfe von Anderen (z. B. Großeltern oder Familienpflege) und das Abgeben von Verantwortung als hilfreich. Für die befragten Männer standen im weiteren Verlauf fortdauernde Angst und Unsicherheit sowie Anforderungen durch zusätzliche Aufgaben im Vordergrund. Männer mit Kindern empfanden außerdem Konflikte zwischen den Anforderungen durch Berufstätigkeit und den Bedürfnissen von Frau bzw. Familie als belastend. Die Hälfte der Männer erlebte trotzdem im weiteren Verlauf eine allgemeine/psychosoziale Stabilisierung. Als hilfreich beschrieben die Männer an erster Stelle ein Bewältigungsverhalten, welches im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit als alltagsorientiertes Coping bezeichnet wurde und die Kombination mehrerer Bewältigungsstrategien beinhaltet wie Gefühle und Gedanken beiseite zu schieben, sich auf das Wesentliche zu konzentrieren und den Anforderungen entsprechend zu funktionieren. Weitere von den Männern benannte Bewältigungsstrategien waren Problemanalyse, Zuwendung und Hilfe. Es wurde deutlich, dass die Männer auf Grund der großen Belastungen keine Ressourcen zur Verfügung haben, um selbst zusätzliche professionelle Hilfe zu organisieren, und demzufolge auf Unterstützungsangebote angewiesen sind. Die gesamtfamiliäre Situation wurde vorwiegend durch Großeltern oder Familienpflege stabilisiert, Mitglieder eines weiteren sozialen Netzwerkes wurden nur in geringem Maß in Anspruch genommen. Die Reaktionen der Kinder konnten im Rahmen der Analyse der Angaben der Eltern in altersübergreifende Gruppen eingeteilt werden. Als hilfreich für die Kinder wurden Großeltern, Familienpflege, Kontakt zu Vater und Mutter sowie Aufklärung über die Situation und ein Einbeziehen in die Situation beschrieben. Die Behandlungswünsche der befragten Frauen und Männer betrafen vorwiegend die Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit mit den Ärzten, Verbesserungen im Klinikalltag und das Einbeziehen der familiären Situation in die Behandlungsplanung. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass ein frühzeitiges Einbeziehen der gesamtfamiliären Situation und entsprechende Unterstützungsangebote Non-Compliance der Patientinnen verringern könnte. N2 - Purpose Activity restriction to treat preterm labour affects both women and their families. The aim of this study was to explore how women, their partners and their children perceived the situation, to learn about their coping strategies and their needs concerning support and treatment. Material and Methods 36 women and 28 men took part in retrospective semistructured interviews and in addition set up family constellations with the Family-board. The data were evaluated using qualitative content analysis. Results After diagnosis both women and their partners mainly experienced fear and anxiety which was reduced by appraisal of the situation and medical information. During the following time of treatment an emotional distress often persisted while women and their partners also experienced conflicts and practical problems of every day life. Men described strain resulting from additional tasks relating to child care and household management. Coping strategies reported by women to be helpful were emotional support and taking the initiative concerning place and ways of treatment which resulted in non-compliance if they could not find a solution together with their doctors. Women described communication with health professionals and social support as important to cope with the situation. Men described a specific combination of coping strategies (everyday-oriented-coping), social and emotional support as helpful. The situation of the family was stabilized by supporting grandparents or professional family-care-takers. The children’s reactions, as described by the parents, could be classified into specific groups independent of the children’s age. The parents perceived grandparents, family-care-takers and information about the situation to be most helpful for the children. The participants expressed desires regarding improved communication with health professionals, the way medical information was related and the need to include both partners and the entire family’s situation when planning the treatment. Conclusion The results lead to the conclusion that an early assessment of the entire family’s situation and situation specific offers of social support could reduce women’s non-compliance. KW - Familie KW - Belastung KW - Bewältigung KW - Partner KW - Immobilisation bei drohender Frühgeburt KW - antepartum bed rest KW - partner KW - family KW - psychosocial distress KW - coping Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35316 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wagner, Iris T1 - Kanadas Gesellschaft im Spiegel des Familiendramas - ein kulturwissenschaftlicher Beitrag zum anglo-kanadischen Theater der Gegenwart T1 - Contemporary Domestic Plays: a Mirror of the Canadian Society N2 - Seit dem aufsehenerregenden Aufschwung des anglo-kanadischen Theaters in den 60er Jahren des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts hat das sozialkritische Drama in seinen zahlreichen Facetten die Kulturlandschaft in Kanada entscheidend geprägt. "Fragen persönlicher Identität in Familie, Gesellschaft und Kultur", erläutert die Kritikerin Judith Rudakoff, "wurden von einer Gruppe ganz unterschiedlicher Dramatiker miteinander verbunden. Ihre in Form und Inhalt individuellen Aussagen wirkten zusammen und führten zu einer Vorstellung von Kanada als einem Wandteppich von besonderer Vielfalt." Eine Form des sozialkritischen Dramas erwies sich dabei als besonders geeignet, um soziale Aspekte zu thematisieren und die Wechselwirkung zwischen Familie und Gesellschaft aufzuzeigen: das Familiendrama. "Die Familie", so der bekannte Literaturwissenschaftler Jerry Wasserman, "könne beschrieben werden als "a crucible in which character and identity are forged and through which society’s values are perpetuated or challenged." Die Familie dient folglich als ein Scharnier zwischen individueller und gesellschaftlicher Sphäre, als eine Art Mikrokosmos, in dem sich der Makrokosmos in vereinfachter und gleichzeitig verschärfter Form wiederspiegelt. Sie ist sozialer Angelpunkt in der kanadischen Gesellschaft und thematischer Schwerpunkt im Gegenwartsdrama des Landes. Trotz seiner herausragenden Stellung innerhalb der kanadischen Theaterlandschaft und seiner großen Popularität bei der Bevölkerung hat das kanadische Drama - insbesondere das Familiendrama - bisher nur geringe Beachtung erhalten. Wie unbegründet diese Missachtung ist, zeigt die vorliegende Dissertation, die herausragende Beispiele des kanadischen Familiendramas unter kulturwissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen untersucht. Zur Analyse herangezogen werden Dramen von Schriftstellerinnen und Schriftstellern der weißen Mehrheitskultur, verschiedener ethnischer Gruppen, sowie der First Nations, welche in jeweils in sich geschlossenen Kapiteln diskutiert und interpretiert werden. Das vornehmliche Ziel der Dissertation besteht darin, diese in Form, Inhalt und Aussage sehr unterschiedlich gestalteten Dramen zu verbinden und durch dieses Mosaik an Theaterstücken zu einem differenzierten und multiperspektivischen Einblick in das Mosaik Kanadas zu erlangen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass traditionelle Konzepte von Familie ebenso überdacht werden müssen wie die weitverbreitete Vorstellung von Kanada als einer in sich harmonisch existierenden multikulturellen Gesellschaft. N2 - The development of the Canadian theatre is a recent phenomenon spanning, with only a few notable exceptions, the past three decades. Only since 1969 has Canada witnessed the emergence of a significant body of dramas on its stage thereby reflecting the growing self-confidence of this nation that has finally severed ties with both its former colonial power and its powerful southern neighbour. These plays deal with a myriad of topics, they tell of the unique experience of life in Canada, explore significant aspects in its history, voice the concerns of minorities, border the difficult subject of identity in the modern world, thus, mirror the societal changes that have increasingly affected this nation. Taken together they establish an impression of Canada as a dynamic and ever-changing nation, as a mosaic of people and as a mosaic of plays. One dramatic genre that has proven itself exceptional to explore societal issues and to illuminate the complex relation between the society and the indiviual is the domestic play. From the very beginning of dramatic art, playwrights such as Ibsen, Tschechov, Miller, or Williams have presented the family as "a crucible in which character and identity are forged, and through which society’s values are perpetuated or challenged." This dissertation features detailed analyses of domestic plays written by a variety of contemporary Canadian artists and, thereby, emphasises an area that - despite its enormous influence, its potential and its popularity among theatre-goers - has been barely touched by academic research. It aims to give insight into this fairly unknown dramatic area, to illuminate the societal topics discussed in the various plays, and, finally, to establish a multi-faceted portray of the contemporary Canadian society. After a brief introduction, stating the targets and contents of this dissertation, an overview of the development of the domestic play will be given. The main part of this work, however, are the following chapters with their analyses of about 17 plays. Whereas the first of these chapters contains interpretations of dramas by white playwrights and concerns questions such as feminity, masculinity, dominance, or societal acceptance of female otherness, the second chapter deals with works by writers from Chinese, Korean, South East Asian or African/Caribbean ancestry. Their dramaturgy foregrounds the difficult topic of migration and the ensuing problems of power shifts within the family, changes of role models, marginalisation and discrimination both within and outside the family, or the often painful adaptions of one’s identity to a new culture. The third chapter examines the growing body of domestic plays by Native Canadian playwrights and explores the complex history of the aboriginal population in Canada as well as current developments of Native families. Situating the plays in a broader context, the dissertation connects them to essential chapters in Canadian history, to rising trends in the composition of families, and to the development of the Canadian theatre at large. Among other results, the dissertation shows that traditional concepts of families as well as the idea of a harmonious mosaic usually associated with Canada have to be reconsidered and adapted. KW - Kanada KW - Familiendrama KW - Englisch KW - Geschichte 1975-2000 KW - Kanada KW - Gegenwartstheater KW - Familie KW - Gesellschaft KW - Mosaik KW - Canada KW - contemporary theatre KW - family KW - society KW - mosaic Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-20082 ER -