TY - JOUR A1 - Heinsen, Helmut T1 - Quantitative anatomical studies on the postnatal development of the cerebellum of the albino rat N2 - The quantitative postnatal changes of the cerebella of 65 Wistar rats aged 2-120 days have been examined. The cerebellar volume increases in two phases: The first phase lasts from birth to the seventh postnatal week. The second phase begins ten weeks post parturn and lasts for a Ionger period than the first phase. The cerebellar surface increases continuously from birth to the end of the seventh week. The volume of the external granular layer is maximal when the organ grows rapidly. The external granular layer has nearly disappeared 24 days after birth; the volume of the interaal granular layer is maximal at this time. Later on, the volume and the width of the interaal granular layer decrease. Myelinization of the cerebellar fibers and growth of the molecular layer run parallel to this decrease. The second late, but protracted growth of the cerebellum, ten weeks after birth, is due to an increase of the molecular and medullary layer. These findings are in good accord with histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural observations of other authors. KW - Medizin KW - Cerebellum KW - Albino rat KW - Ontogeny KW - Quantitative anatomy Y1 - 1977 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59881 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinsen, Helmut T1 - Lipofuscin in the cerebellar cortex of albino rats: an electron microscopic study N2 - The ultrastructure of autofluorescent, PAS-positive lipofuscin in Purkinje, granule, Golgi epithelial, basket and stellate, microglial and perivascular cells in the cerebellar cortex of senescent rats is described. The membrane- bounded pigment is composed ofthree elements: 1) electron-lucent homogeneaus droplets, 2) a granular matrix and 3) intensely osmiophilic patches. The proportians ofthese three components vary between cell types and one can grossly differentiate a neuronal and a gliallipofuscin. The lipofuscin granules of stellate and perivscular cells are different from lipofuscin of other cerebellar neurons and glia. lt can be concluded from these morphological observations that each cerebellar cell type has its distinct lipofuscin. KW - Medizin KW - Lipofuscin KW - Cerebellar cortex KW - Ultrastructure KW - Senescent rat Y1 - 1979 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59891 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinsen, Helmut T1 - Regional differences in the distribution of lipofuscin in Purkinje cell perikarya : a quantitative Pigmentarchitectonic study of the Cerebellar Cortexof Senile Albino Rats N2 - The distribution of lipofuscin in the perikarya of Purkin je cells of vermal and hemispheric lobules has been determined quantitatively in 7 rats, 30-38 months old, by the point-counting method. On the basis of morphologically and statistically significant differences a pigmentarchitectonics of the cerebellar cortex is established. The Purkinje cells of lobule VIa (Larsell 1952) are extremely lipofuscin-rich. The Purkinje cells of the hemispheres, lobules V, Vlb + c and VII contain considerable amounts of a finely granular lipofuscin, the Purkinje cells of lobules I-III and VIII- IXa a globular type of lipofuscin. The Purkinje cells of sublobule XI d c and X are lipofuscin-poor cells. Three types of lipofuscin ha ve been identified in the light microscope. KW - Medizin KW - Lipofuscin KW - Purkinje cells KW - Pigmentarchitectonics KW - Senile rat Y1 - 1981 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59904 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinsen, Helmut A1 - Heinsen, Y. L. T1 - Quantitative studies on regional differences in Purkinje cell dendritic spines and parallel fiber synaptic density N2 - No abstact available KW - Medizin KW - Cerebellar cortex KW - Albino rats KW - Quantitative anatomy KW - Purkinje cells KW - Spines KW - Parallel fiber synapses KW - Regional differences Y1 - 1983 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59917 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinsen, Helmut A1 - Heinsen, Y. L. T1 - Cerebellar capillaries: qualitative and quantitative observations in young and senile rats N2 - Ultrastructural changes including reduced electron density, reduction in polysemes and cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum occur in the cytoplasrn of endothelial cells and pericytes in the cerebellar cortex of senile virgin female Han: WIST-rats in cornparison to 3-month old virgin rats. Processes of pericytes cover less of the capillary surface in the cerebellar cortex of senile rats; moreover, arithmetic and harmonic mean thickness of the endothelium and relative volume of mitochondria in endothelial cells and pericytes are reduced, w hereas the luminal diameter of the capillaries, harmonic and arithmetic mean thickness of pericytes and their processes and of the basal laminae between endothelial cells and astrocytes (abbreviated BAL 1), pericytes and astrocytes (BAL 2) and endothelial cells and pericytes (BAL 3) increase. The increase in harmonic mean thickness of the basal laminae is statistically significant (α<=0.05) and compensates for a decrease in thickness of capillary endothelium. Consequently, the total barrier mass and thickness of cerebellar cortical capillaries in senile animals is higher than in young individuals. KW - Medizin KW - Capillaries KW - Blood-brain barrier KW - Quantitative anatomy KW - Cerebellar cortex KW - Senile rats Y1 - 1983 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59924 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinsen, Helmut A1 - Heinsen, Y. L. A1 - Beckmann, H. A1 - Gallyas, F. A1 - Haas, S. A1 - Scharff, G. T1 - Laminar neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease by a modified Gallyas impregnation N2 - No abstract available KW - Medizin KW - Alzheimer-Krankheit Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59933 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinsen, Helmut A1 - Henn, R. A1 - Eisenmenger, W. A1 - Götz, M. A1 - Bohl, J. A1 - Bethke, B. A1 - Lockermann, U. A1 - Püschel, K. T1 - Quantitative investigations on the human entorhinal area: left - right asymmetry and age-related changes N2 - The total nerve cell numbers in the right and in the left human entorhinal areas have been calculated by volume estimations with the Cavalieri principle and by cell density determinations with the optical disector. Thick gallocyanin-stained serial frozen sections through the parahippocampal gyrus of 22 human subjects (10 female, 12 male) ranging from 18 to 86 years were analysed. The laminar composition of gallocyanin (Nissl)-stained sections could easily be compared with Braak's (1972, 1980) pigmentoarchitectonic study, and Braak's nomenclature of the entorhinal laminas was adopted. Cellsparse laminae dissecantes can more clearly be distinguished in Nissl than in aldehydefuchsin preparations. These cell-poor dissecantes, lamina dissecans extema (dis-ext), lamina dissecans 1 (dis-1) and lamina dissecans 2 (dis-2), were excluded from nerve cell nurober determinations. An exact delineation of the entorhinal area is indispensable for any kind of quantitative investigation. We have defined the entorhinal area by the presence of pre-alpha ceil clusters and the deeper layers of lamina principalis externa (pre-beta and gamma) separated from lamina principalis interna (pri) by lamina dissecans 1 (dis-1). The human entorhinal area is quantitatively characterized by a left-sided (asymmetric) higher pre-alpha cell number and an age-related nerve cell loss in pre as well as pri layers. At variance with other CNS cortical and subcortical structures, the neuronal number of the entorhinal area appears to decrease continuously from the earliest stages analysed, although a secular trend has to be considered. The asymmetry in pre-alpha cell number is discussed in the context of higher human mental capabilities, especially language. KW - Medizin KW - Human entorhinal area KW - Ageing KW - Lateralitity Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59946 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinsen, Helmut A1 - Strik, M. A1 - Luther, K. A1 - Ulmar, G. A1 - Gangnus, D. A1 - Jungkunz, G. A1 - Eisenmenger, W. A1 - Götz, M. A1 - Bauer, M. T1 - Cortical and striatal neurone number in Huntington's disease N2 - The total cortical and striatal neurone and glial numbers were estimated in five cases of Huntington's disease (three males, two females) and five ageand sex-matched control cases. Serial 500-l-lm-thick gallocyanin-stained frontal sections through the left hemisphere were analysed using Cavalieri's principle for volume and the optical disector for cell density estimations. The average cortical neurone number of five controls (mean age 53±13 years, range 36-72 years) was 5.97x 109±320x 106 , the average number of small striatal neurones was 82 X 106± 15.8 X 106• The left striatum (caudatum, putamen, and accumbens) contained a mean of 273 X 106±53 X 106 glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and unc1assifiable glial profiles). The mean cortical neurone number in Huntington's disease patients (mean age 49±14 years, range 36-75 years) was diminished by about 33 % to 3.99x109±218x106 nerve cells (P ::;:::: 0.012, MannWhitney V-test). The mean number of small striatal neurones decreased tremendously to 9.72 X 106 ± 3.64 X 106 (-88 % ). The decrease in total glial cells was less pronounced (193 X 106±26 X 106) but the mean glial index, the numerical ratio of glial cells per neurone, increased from 3.35 to 22.59 in Huntington's disease. Qualitatively, neuronal loss was most pronounced in supragranular layers of primary sensory areas (Brodmann's areae 3,1,2; area 17, area 41). Layer HIc pyramidal cells were preferentially lost in association areas of the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes, whereas spared layer IV granule cells formed a conspicuous band between layer IH and V in these fields. Methodological issues are discussed in context with previous investigations and similarities and differences of laminar and lobar nerve cellloss in Huntington's disease are compared with nerve cell degent-ration in other neuropsychiatric diseases. KW - Medizin KW - Huntington's disease . Human cerebral cortex KW - Striatum KW - Neurone number KW - Stereology Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55217 ER -