TY - JOUR A1 - Surat, Güzin A1 - Bernsen, Dominik A1 - Schimmer, Christoph T1 - Antimicrobial stewardship measures in cardiac surgery and its impact on surgical site infections JF - Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery N2 - Objective The goal of this study was to monitor the compliance and impact on a protocol change of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in cardiac surgery favouring cefazolin instead cefuroxime, initiated by the hospital’s antimicrobial stewardship team. Methods This quality improvement study was performed in a tertiary care hospital in collaboration with the department of cardiothoracic surgery and the hospitals antimicrobial stewardship team following a revision of the standard for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis including 1029 patients who underwent cardiac surgery. 582 patients receiving cefuroxime and 447 patients receiving cefazolin respectively were compared without altering any other preventative perioperative measures including its postoperative duration of less than 24 h. Adherence and surgical site infections were compiled and analysed. Results A complete adherence was achieved. Overall surgical site infections occurred in 37 (3.6%) of the cases, 20 (3.4%) in cefuroxime patients and 17 (3.8%) in cefazolin patients (p value = 0.754). No statistically significant differences could be found in any of the primary endpoints, but there was a trend towards less deep sternal wound infections in the cefazolin group. Conclusions The study supports the role of antimicrobial stewardship in cardiac surgery and mirrors the success of a multidisciplinary team aiming to minimize adverse events by optimizing antibiotic use. KW - antimicrobial stewardship KW - surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis KW - cardiac surgery KW - surgical site infections Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265533 VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oezkur, Mehmet A1 - Magyar, Atilla A1 - Thomas, Phillip A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Heuschmann, Peter U. A1 - Leyh, Rainer G. A1 - Wagner, Martin T1 - The COMT-polymorphism is not associated with the incidence of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery - a prospective cohort study JF - BMC Nephrology N2 - Background: The Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) represents the key enzyme in catecholamine degradation. Recent studies suggest that the COMT rs4680 polymorphism is associated with the response to endogenous and exogenous catecholamines. There are, however, conflicting data regarding the COMT Met/Met phenotype being associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery. The aim of the current study is to prospectively investigate the impact of the COMT rs4680 polymorphism on the incidence of AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: In this prospective single center cohort study consecutive patients hospitalized for elective cardiac surgery including cardiopulmonary-bypass (CPB) were screened for participation. Demographic clinical data, blood, urine and tissue samples were collected at predefined time points throughout the clinical stay. AKI was defined according to recent recommendations of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) group. Genetic analysis was performed after patient enrolment was completed. Results: Between April and December 2014, 150 patients were recruited. The COMT genotypes were distributed as follows: Val/Met 48.7%, Met/Met 29.3%, Val/Val 21.3%. No significant differences were found for demography, comorbidities, or operative strategy according to the underlying COMT genotype. AKI occurred in 35 patients (23.5%) of the total cohort, and no differences were evident between the COMT genotypes (20.5% Met/Met, 24.7% Val/Met, 25.0% Val/Val, p = 0.66). There were also no differences in the post-operative period, including ICU or in-hospital stay. Conclusions: We did not find statistically significant variations in the risk for postoperative AKI, length of ICU or in-hospital stay according to the underlying COMT genotype. KW - AKI KW - COMT KW - cardiac surgery KW - KDIGO Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175529 VL - 19 IS - 34 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mai, Matthias T1 - Risikostratifizierung in der Herzchirurgie - Betrachtung von 6 Risiko-Scores im Hinblick auf ihre Anwendbarkeit und prognostische Wertigkeit T1 - Risk stratification in cardiac surgery – comparison of 6 risk scores considering their practicability and their prognostic value N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden 6 der bekanntesten Risiko-Scores zur Abschätzung der perioperativen Mortalität bei herzchirurgischen Eingriffen miteinander verglichen (Parsonnet-Score, Cleveland Clinic-Score, Ontario Province Risk-Score, French-Score, Pons-Score und Euro-Score). Hierzu wurden die Daten von 135 Patienten, die sich von Mai bis einschließlich September 2002 einer Herzoperation (Bypass-, Herzklappen-, oder Kombinations-Operation) an der Klinik für Herz- und Thorax-Chirurgie der Universität Würzburg unterzogen, nachuntersucht. Da nur 3/6 der Risiko-Scores eine Aussage bezüglich der postoperativen Morbidität treffen, wurden die, die Morbidität betreffenden Daten keiner statistischen Analyse zugeführt. 3/135 Patienten verstarben perioperativ (2,2%). 74/135 Patienten entwickelten postoperativ Komplikationen (54,8%). Die Analyse der Daten zeigte für keinen der Risiko-Scores statistische Signifikanz (p ≤ 0,05). Der Euro-Score war der einzige Risiko-Score, der alle verstorbenen Patienten in die Gruppe mit dem höchsten Risiko eingeteilt hatte. Aufgrund seiner vielen Parameter und wenigen Punkte pro Parameter ist der Euro-Score für zufällige Ereignisse und Fehleinteilungen weniger anfällig als andere Risiko-Scores. Die Mortalität als Endpunkt ist für einen Risiko-Score besser geeignet als die Morbidität, da kein Raum für subjektive Auslegung und Fehleinschätzung besteht. Aufgrund der Schwierigkeit gemeinsame prädiktive Parameter für Mortalität und Morbidität zu finden sollten getrennte Score-Systeme zur Anwendung kommen. Jeder Risiko-Score sollte von Zeit zu Zeit überarbeitet und dem medizinischen Fortschritt angepasst werden, bei der Auswahl der Parameter ist auf ausreichende Objektivität und exakte Definition zu achten. N2 - The objective of this paper was the comparison of 6 score-systems for risk stratification considering perioperative mortality in cardiac surgery (Parsonnet-Score, Cleveland Clinic-Score, Ontario Province Risk-Score, French-Score, Pons-Score and Euro-Score). For that the data of 135 patients undergoing cardiac surgery (bypass-, heart valve-, or combined bypass/heart valve-operation) between May and September 2002 at the Clinic for Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery in Würzburg was collected. Only 3/6 risk-scores considered postoperative morbidity as well as mortality, so data concerning morbidity was collected but not statistically analyzed. 3/135 patients died perioperative (2.2%). 74/135 patients appearded to show postoperative complications (54.8%). Analysis showed no statistical significance (p ≤ 0.005) for any risk-score. Euro-Score was the only risk-score that had placed all deceased patients in the group with the highest risk. Due to its many parameters and low weigh of the single parameter Euro-Score is less susceptible to chance and wrong grouping of the single patient. Mortality as the final point of a risk-score seems to be more suited than morbidity, because there is no space for subjectivity. As it is difficult to identify common predictive parameters for mortality and morbidity different score-systems should be used. Every risk-score sould be revised sometimes in order to adjust it to the progress of medical development. KW - Risiko-Scores KW - Herzoperation KW - Mortalität KW - Morbidität KW - risk stratification KW - cardiac surgery KW - mortality KW - morbidity Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-13764 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Magyar, Attila A1 - Wagner, Martin A1 - Thomas, Phillip A1 - Malsch, Carolin A1 - Schneider, Reinhard A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Heuschmann, Peter U A1 - Leyh, Rainer G A1 - Oezkur, Mehmet T1 - HO-1 concentrations 24 hours after cardiac surgery are associated with the incidence of acute kidney injury: a prospective cohort study JF - International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease N2 - Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication after cardiac surgery that is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme synthesized in renal tubular cells as one of the most intense responses to oxidant stress linked with protective, anti-inflammatory properties. Yet, it is unknown if serum HO-1 induction following cardiac surgical procedure involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with incidence and severity of AKI. Patients and methods: In the present study, we used data from a prospective cohort study of 150 adult cardiac surgical patients. HO-1 measurements were performed before, immediately after and 24 hours post-CPB. In univariate and multivariate analyses, the association between HO-1 and AKI was investigated. Results: AKI with an incidence of 23.3% (35 patients) was not associated with an early elevation of HO-1 after CPB in all patients (P=0.88), whereas patients suffering from AKI developed a second burst of HO-1 24 hours after CBP. In patients without AKI, the HO-1 concentrations dropped to baseline values (P=0.031). Furthermore, early HO-1 induction was associated with CPB time (P=0.046), while the ones 24 hours later lost this association (P=0.219). Conclusion: The association of the second HO-1 burst 24 hours after CBP might help to distinguish between the causality of AKI in patients undergoing CBP, thus helping to adapt patient stratification and management. KW - acute kidney injury KW - cardiac surgery KW - heme oxygenase-1 KW - cardiopulmonary bypass Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177250 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hill, Aileen A1 - Heyland, Daren K. A1 - Rossaint, Rolf A1 - Arora, Rakesh C. A1 - Engelman, Daniel T. A1 - Day, Andrew G. A1 - Stoppe, Christian T1 - Longitudinal outcomes in octogenarian critically ill patients with a focus on frailty and cardiac surgery JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Cardiac surgery (CSX) can be lifesaving in elderly patients (age ≥ 80 years) but may still be associated with complications and functional decline. Frailty represents a determinant to outcomes in critically ill patients, but little is known about its influence on elderly CSX-patients. This is a secondary exploratory analysis of a multi-center, prospective observational cohort study of 610 elderly patients admitted to the ICU and followed for one year to document long-term outcomes. CSX-ICU-patients (n = 49) were compared to surgical ICU patients (n = 184) with regard to demographics, frailty, and outcomes. Of all surgical patients, 102 (43%) were considered vulnerable or frail. The subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of time to discharge home (TTDH) for vulnerable/frail vs. fit/well patients was 0.54 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34, 0.86, p = 0.007). The p-value for effect modification between surgery group (CSX vs. surgical ICU patients) and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) group was not significant (p = 0.37) suggesting that the observed difference in the CFS effect between the CSX and surgical ICU patients is consistent with random error. A further subgroup analysis shows that among surgical ICU patients, the SHR of time to discharge home (TTDH) for vulnerable/frail vs. fit/well patients was 0.49 (95% CI, 0.29, 0.83) while the corresponding SHR for CSX patients was 0.77 (0.32–1.88). In conclusion, preoperative frailty reduced the rate of discharge to home in both surgical and CSX patients, but a larger sample of CSX patients is needed to adequately address this question in this patient group. KW - population characteristics KW - demography KW - aged 80 and over KW - critical illness KW - cardiac surgery KW - critical care KW - frailty KW - prospective studies KW - nutrition therapy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-220064 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 10 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hamouda, Khaled A1 - Oezkur, Mehmet A1 - Sinha, Bhanu A1 - Hain, Johannes A1 - Menkel, Hannah A1 - Leistner, Marcus A1 - Leyh, Rainer A1 - Schimmer, Christoph T1 - Different duration strategies of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: an observational study JF - Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery N2 - Background All international guidelines recommend perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAB) should be routinely administered to patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the duration of PAB is heterogeneous and controversial. Methods Between 01.01.2011 and 31.12.2011, 1096 consecutive cardiac surgery patients were assigned to one of two groups receiving PAB with a second-generation cephalosporin for either 56 h (group I) or 32 h (group II). Patients’ characteristics, intraoperative data, and the in-hospital follow-up were analysed. Primary endpoint was the incidence of surgical site infection (deep and superficial sternal wound-, and vein harvesting site infection; DSWI/SSWI/VHSI). Secondary endpoints were the incidence of respiratory-, and urinary tract infection, as well as the mortality rate. Results 615/1096 patients (56,1%) were enrolled (group I: n = 283 versus group II: n = 332). There were no significant differences with regard to patient characteristics, comorbidities, and procedure-related variables. No statistically significant differences were demonstrated concerning primary and secondary endpoints. The incidence of DSWI/SSWI/VHSI were 4/283 (1,4%), 5/283 (1,7%), and 1/283 (0,3%) in group I versus 6/332 (1,8%), 9/332 (2,7%), and 3/332 (0,9%) in group II (p = 0,76/0,59/0,63). In univariate analyses female gender, age, peripheral arterial obstructive disease, operating-time, ICU-duration, transfusion, and respiratory insufficiency were determinants for nosocomial infections (all ≤ 0,05). Subgroup analyses of these high-risk patients did not show any differences between the two regimes (all ≥ 0,05). Conclusions Reducing the duration of PAB from 56 h to 32 h in adult cardiac surgery patients was not associated with an increase of nosocomial infection rate, but contributes to reduce antibiotic resistance and health care costs. KW - nosocomial infection KW - cardiac surgery KW - antibiotic prophylaxis Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124977 VL - 10 IS - 25 ER - TY - THES A1 - Guggenmos, Kristina T1 - Neurologische Komplikationen bei kardiochirurgischen Patienten in Bezug auf den präoperativen Carotisdoppler Befund: eine retrospektive Analyse T1 - Neurological complications in cardiac surgery patients in relation to preoperative carotid ultrasound findings: a retrospective analysis N2 - Diese Studie analysiert ein Patientenkollektiv, das sich einem herzchirurgischen Eingriff unterzogen und gleichzeitig postoperativ ein neurologisches Defizit entwickelt hat, in Bezug auf präoperative Carotis-/Vertebralisstenosen und kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren. N2 - Analysis of patients, who underwent cardiac surgery and simultaneously developed a neurological deficit in relation to preoperative stenosis of the carotid/vertebral arteries and cardiovascular risk factors. KW - Herzchirurgie KW - Hirninfarkt KW - Carotisstenose KW - Neurologische Komplikationen KW - Carotisdoppler KW - cardiac surgery KW - stroke Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-104155 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bernsen, Dominik T1 - Die Auswirkungen einer Umstellung der perioperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe in der Herzchirurgie: Ein Vergleich von Cephalosporinen der ersten und zweiten Generation T1 - Effects of switching the antibiotic prophylaxis from a second to first generation cephalosporin in cardiac surgery N2 - Zum 01.06.2017 wurde in der Universitätsklinik Würzburg im Rahmen des 'Antimicrobial Stewardship' in der Herzchirurgie die perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe von Cefuroxim auf Cefazolin umgestellt. Diese Studie untersucht insgesamt 1029 Patienten vor und nach der Umstellung hinsichtlich ihrer Raten an Wundinfektionen, nosokomialen Infektionen und Risikofaktoren zur Entwicklung einer postoperativen Wundinfektion. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Umstellung der perioperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe von Cefuroxim, einem Cephalosporin der zweiten Generation, auf Cefazolin, ein Cephalosporin der ersten Generation, zu keinem Anstieg der Wundinfektionen in herzchirurgischen Eingriffen führt. Insgesamt lag keine signifikante Überlegenheit eines der beiden Antibiotika vor, weder in Hinblick auf die gesamten Wundinfektionen, die tiefen sternalen Wundinfektionen und die Infektionen der Beinwunde, noch bei nosokomialen Infektionen wie der Pneumonie, dem Harnwegsinfekt oder der Sepsis. Im Patientenkollektiv konnten weiterhin einige unabhängige prä-, intra- und postoperative Risikofaktoren ermittelt werden, die zu einer signifikanten Steigerung der Infektionsraten führten. Auch bei der differenzierten Betrachtung der Risikopatienten zeigte sich kein signifikanter Wirkungsunterschied zwischen den beiden untersuchten Antibiotika. Diese Studie weist mit 1029 Patienten ein zur existierenden Literatur vergleichsweise großes Patientenkollektiv auf. Auch die erhobenen Parameter sind umfangreich gewählt und boten die Möglichkeit tiefergehender Analysen. Limitiert wird die Studie jedoch durch ihr retrospektives Design mit dem Fehlen eines kontrollierten Follow-Ups. Um die Ergebnisse bestätigen und bekräftigen zu können, müsste eine prospektive, randomisierte Studie hieran angeschlossen werden. N2 - This retrospective observational study included 1029 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. On June 1st, 2017 the standard antibiotic regimen was changed from Cefuroxime to Cefazolin while not altering any other preventative perioperative measure. This study examined the consequences of a change in antibiotic regimen regarding wound infections and other nosocomial infections. Not statistically significant differences could be found in any endpoint of this study indicating that a change in antibiotic regimen from a first to a second-generation cephalosporin is not associated with significant increases or decreases in surgical site infections KW - Antibiotikum KW - Wundinfektion KW - Nosokomiale Infektionen KW - Antibiotikaprophylaxe KW - Herzchirurgie KW - Mediastinitis KW - Cephalosporine KW - Surgical site infection KW - Deep sternal wound infection KW - antibiotic prophylaxis KW - cardiac surgery Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-243119 ER -