TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Zhiqiang A1 - Kole, Goutam Kumar A1 - Budiman, Yudha P. A1 - Tian, Ya-Ming A1 - Friedrich, Alexandra A1 - Luo, Xiaoling A1 - Westcott, Stephen A. A1 - Radius, Udo A1 - Marder, Todd B. T1 - Transition metal catalyst-free, base-promoted 1,2-additions of polyfluorophenylboronates to aldehydes and ketones JF - Angewandte Chemie International Edition N2 - A novel protocol for the transition metal-free 1,2-addition of polyfluoroaryl boronate esters to aldehydes and ketones is reported, which provides secondary alcohols, tertiary alcohols, and ketones. Control experiments and DFT calculations indicate that both the ortho-F substituents on the polyfluorophenyl boronates and the counterion K\(^+\) in the carbonate base are critical. The distinguishing features of this procedure include the employment of commercially available starting materials and the broad scope of the reaction with a wide variety of carbonyl compounds giving moderate to excellent yields. Intriguing structural features involving O−H⋅⋅⋅O and O−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonding, as well as arene-perfluoroarene interactions, in this series of racemic polyfluoroaryl carbinols have also been addressed. KW - inorganic chemistry KW - transition metal-free KW - alcohol KW - 1,2-additionreaction KW - boronateesters KW - fluoroarene Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256487 VL - 60 IS - 30 ER - TY - THES A1 - Volk, Ralf T1 - Schnarchen unter Alkoholeinfluss - eine klinische experimentelle Studie T1 - Loudness and duration of snoring in healthy men after alcohol ingestion - a clinical experimental study N2 - Schnarchen ist ein Leitsymptom des obstruktiven Schlafapnoesyndroms (OSAS). Diese Erkrankung wird durch abendlichen Alkoholgenuss verstärkt. Die Frage, ob Alkohol auch zu einer Zunahme der Schnarchhäufigkeit/–lautstärke führt und damit Schlafstörungen v.a. beim Bettpartner hervorrufen kann, ist bisher nicht untersucht worden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 20 gesunde Männer an 3 Nächten polysomnographiert, jeweils ohne Alkohol, mit 0,5 ‰- und 0,8 ‰-Blutalkoholkonzentration (BAK). Die Schnarchgeräusche wurden mit einem Raum- und Körpermikrophon aufgezeichnet und computerunterstützt nach Häufigkeit und Lautstärke (>55 dB(A), >70 dB(A)) analysiert. Bei primären Schnarchern (n=10), die bereits ohne Alkohol schnarchten, nahm die durchschnittliche Schnarchhäufigkeit und -lautstärke dosisabhängig signifikant zu. Primäre Nichtschnarcher (n=10) zeigten dagegen keine signifikante Zunahme: Nur 4 Probanden schnarchten bei 0,8 ‰ BAK, 2 andere nur bei 0,5 ‰ BAK. Weniger die Körperlage im Schlaf als die Gesamtkörpermasse oder das Alter scheinen Einflussfaktoren für die Zunahme des Schnarchens zu sein. Abendlicher Alkoholgenuss bei schnarchenden Männern verstärkt deren Schnarchdauer und -lautstärke, löst jedoch bei Nichtschnarchern nicht regelmäßig Schnarchen aus. Als Konsequenz sollte somit bei primären Schnarchern eine strikte abendliche Alkoholkarenz empfohlen werden, was die schnarchbedingte Lärmbelästigung des Bettpartners reduziert. N2 - Snoring is a major symptom of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). This disease is known to be intensified by the consumption of alcohol in the evening. The question whether alcohol also leads to increased frequency and loudness of snoring and thereby can cause disordered sleep especially for the bed partner has not been examined so far. In this study 20 healthy male volunteers were examined by polysomnography for 3 nights, respectively without alcohol, 0.5 ‰ and 0.8 ‰ blood alcohol standard. Snoring was recorded with a room microphone appliance and a body microphone and computer-analysed in terms of frequency and loudness (>55 dB(A), >70 dB(A)). For primarily snoring males (n=10) the average frequency and loudness of snoring increased significantly in a dose-dependant manner. For primarily non-snoring males (n=10) there was no significant increase: Only 4 snored at 0.8 ‰, 2 others snored only at 0.5 ‰ blood alcohol standard. Total body mass and age rather than sleeping position seem to have an influence on the increase of snoring. Evening alcohol consumption by primarily snoring males amplifies the frequency and loudness of their snoring. On the other hand it cannot regularly trigger snoring in primarily non-snoring males. In conclusion complete restriction of evening alcohol consumption should be recommended for primarily snoring males in order to reduce bed partner’s disordered sleep due to snoring noise. KW - Schnarchen KW - Alkohol KW - Polysomnographie KW - Obstruktive Schlafapnoe (OSAS) KW - Lärmbelästigung KW - Snoring KW - alcohol KW - ethanol KW - obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) KW - sleeplab Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-3630 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, H.-P. T1 - Psychologische Charakteristika der "Düker-Aufgabe" oder "Was ist die Leistung an der Leistung?" N2 - In den Experimenten H. Dükers haben die Vpn regelhaft sehr viele sehr einfache hochgeübte Tätigkeiten auszuführen. Wird dies durch das Einführen von Zusatzaufgaben kompliziert, kann eine Steigerung der Leistung resultieren (erklärt etwa durch "Reaktive Anspannungssteigerung") oder eine Minderung (wie für das "Unterschwellige Wollen" gezeigt). Eine nähere Analyse der Düker-Aufgabe zeigt, daß die Variable "Arbeitsrhythmus" für diesen Unterschied verantwortlich ist. Wird dieser Rhythmus über eine externe Quelle gegeben oder kann eine Zusatzaufgabe in den vorhandenen Rhythmus integriert werden, resultiert eine Verbesserung. Treten zwei inkompatible Rhythmen in einer Situation auf, resultiert ein drastischer Leistungseinbruch. Diese Systematik wird am pharmakopsychologischen Beispiel einer Statistik über Verkehrsunfälle unter Alkoholeinfluß diskutiert. N2 - The experiments of H. Düker are characterized by subjects who had to work a great amount of very simple, highly exercised tasks. If this work is omplicated by an additional task, the paradigm "Reaktive Anspannungssteigerung" (reactive strengthening of psychic strain) describes an improvement in performance, the paradigm of "Unterschwelliges Wollen" (unperceptible willing) a decrease. An analysis ofthe experimental situation reveals the "rhythm of working" as the main variable responsible for this difference. If this rhythm is given by an external source or if an additional task can be integrated in an existing rhythm, an improvement results. Two incompatible rhythms in one situation lead to a dramatic decrease in performance. To give a pharmacopsychological example this taxonomy is discussed using statistics about the effect of alcohol on traffic accident rates. KW - Heinrich Düker (1898-1986) KW - Aktivierung KW - Motivation KW - Rhythmus KW - Alkohol KW - Straßenverkehr KW - Heinrich Düker (1898-1986) KW - activation KW - motivation KW - rhythm KW - alcohol KW - driving while intoxicated Y1 - 1988 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41460 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, De-Wei A1 - Yu, Mang A1 - Hu, Kai A1 - Wang, Wei A1 - Yang, Lei A1 - Wang, Ben-Jie A1 - Gao, Xiao-Hong A1 - Guo, Yong-Ming A1 - Xu, Yong-Qing A1 - Wei, Yu-Shan A1 - Tian, Si-Miao A1 - Yang, Fan A1 - Wang, Nan A1 - Huang, Shi-Bo A1 - Xie, Hui A1 - Wei, Xiao-Wei A1 - Jiang, Hai-Shen A1 - Zang, Yu-Qiang A1 - Ai, Jun A1 - Chen, Yuan-Liang A1 - Lei, Guang-Hua A1 - Li, Yu-Jin A1 - Tian, Geng A1 - Li, Zong-Sheng A1 - Cao, Yong A1 - Ma, Li T1 - Prevalence of Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and its Associated Risk Factors in the Chinese Population: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey JF - Chinese Medical Journal N2 - Background: Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) is a debilitating disease that represents a significant financial burden for both individuals and healthcare systems. Despite its significance, however, its prevalence in the Chinese general population remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NONFH and its associated risk factors in the Chinese population. Methods: A nationally representative survey of 30,030 respondents was undertaken from June 2012 to August 2013. All participants underwent a questionnaire investigation, physical examination of hip, and bilateral hip joint X-ray and/or magnetic resonance imaging examination. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting to test serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. We then used multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the associations between various metabolic, demographic, and lifestyle-related variables and NONFH. Results: NONFH was diagnosed in 218 subjects (0.725%) and the estimated NONFH cases were 8.12 million among Chinese people aged 15 years and over. The prevalence of NONFH was significantly higher in males than in females (1.02% vs. 0.51%, \(\chi^2\) = 24.997, P < 0.001). Among NONFH patients, North residents were subjected to higher prevalence of NONFH than that of South residents (0.85% vs. 0.61%, \(\chi^2\) = 5.847, P = 0.016). Our multivariate regression analysis showed that high blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol, male, urban residence, family history of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and glucocorticoid intake, overweight, and obesity were all significantly associated with an increased risk of NONFH. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that NONFH is a significant public health challenge in China and underscore the need for policy measures on the national level. Furthermore, NONFH shares a number of risk factors with atherosclerosis. KW - nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head KW - risk factors KW - idiopathic osteonecrosis KW - early-stage osteonecrosis KW - implantation KW - bone KW - marrow KW - follow-up KW - intake KW - avascular necrosis KW - occupational-status KW - cigarette smoking KW - alcohol KW - prevalence Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-138482 VL - 128 IS - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Suchotzki, Kristina A1 - Gamer, Matthias T1 - Alcohol facilitates detection of concealed identity information JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The Concealed Information Test (CIT) is a well-validated means to detect whether someone possesses certain (e.g., crime-relevant) information. The current study investigated whether alcohol intoxication during CIT administration influences reaction time (RT) CIT-effects. Two opposing predictions can be made. First, by decreasing attention to critical information, alcohol intoxication could diminish CIT-effects. Second, by hampering the inhibition of truthful responses, alcohol intoxication could increase CIT-effects. A correlational field design was employed. Participants (n = 42) were recruited and tested at a bar, where alcohol consumption was voluntary and incidental. Participants completed a CIT, in which they were instructed to hide knowledge of their true identity. BAC was estimated via breath alcohol ratio. Results revealed that higher BAC levels were correlated with higher CIT-effects. Our results demonstrate that robust CIT effects can be obtained even when testing conditions differ from typical laboratory settings and strengthen the idea that response inhibition contributes to the RT-CIT effect. KW - drug regulation KW - human behaviour KW - alcohol KW - Concealed Information Test KW - reaction time Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176662 VL - 8 IS - 7825 ER -