TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lacombe, Amanda Meneses Ferreira
A1  - Soares, Iberê Cauduro
A1  - Mariani, Beatriz Marinho de Paula
A1  - Nishi, Mirian Yumie
A1  - Bezerra-Neto, João Evangelista
A1  - Charchar, Helaine da Silva
A1  - Brondani, Vania Balderrama
A1  - Tanno, Fabio
A1  - Srougi, Victor
A1  - Chambo, José Luiz
A1  - Costa de Freitas, Ricardo Miguel
A1  - Mendonca, Berenice Bilharinho
A1  - Hoff, Ana O.
A1  - Almeida, Madson Q.
A1  - Weigand, Isabel
A1  - Kroiss, Matthias
A1  - Zerbini, Maria Claudia Nogueira
A1  - Fragoso, Maria Candida Barisson Villares
T1  - Sterol O-acyl transferase 1 as a prognostic marker of adrenocortical carcinoma
JF  - Cancers
N2  - Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with an unfavorable prognosis. Despite the poor prognosis in the majority of patients, no improvements in treatment strategies have been achieved. Therefore, the discovery of new prognostic biomarkers is of enormous interest. Sterol-O-acyl transferase 1 (SOAT1) is involved in cholesterol esterification and lipid droplet formation. Recently, it was demonstrated that SOAT1 inhibition leads to impaired steroidogenesis and cell viability in ACC. To date, no studies have addressed the impact of SOAT1 expression on ACC prognosis and clinical outcomes. We evaluated SOAT1 expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray of 112 ACCs (Weiss score ≥ 3) from adults treated in a single tertiary center in Brazil. Two independent pathologists evaluated the immunohistochemistry results through a semiquantitative approach (0–4). We aimed to evaluate the correlation between SOAT1 expression and clinical, biochemical and anatomopathological parameters, recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). SOAT1 protein expression was heterogeneous in this cohort, 37.5% of the ACCs demonstrated a strong SOAT1 protein expression (score > 2), while 62.5% demonstrated a weak or absent protein expression (score ≤ 2). Strong SOAT1 protein expression correlated with features of high aggressiveness in ACC, such as excessive tumor cortisol secretion (p = 0.01), an advanced disease stage [European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) staging system 3 and 4 (p = 0.011)] and a high Ki67 index (p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, strong SOAT1 protein expression was an independent predictor of a reduced OS (hazard ratio (HR) 2.15, confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.26–3.66; p = 0.005) in all patients (n = 112), and a reduced RFS (HR 2.1, CI 95% 1.09–4.06; p = 0.027) in patients with localized disease at diagnosis (n = 83). Our findings demonstrated that SOAT1 protein expression has prognostic value in ACC and reinforced the importance of investigating SOAT1 as a possible therapeutic target for patients with ACC.
KW  - adrenocortical carcinoma
KW  - prognostic factors
KW  - SOAT1
KW  - target therapies
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200857
SN  - 2072-6694
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Riedmeier, Maria
A1  - Decarolis, Boris
A1  - Haubitz, Imme
A1  - Müller, Sophie
A1  - Uttinger, Konstantin
A1  - Börner, Kevin
A1  - Reibetanz, Joachim
A1  - Wiegering, Armin
A1  - Härtel, Christoph
A1  - Schlegel, Paul-Gerhardt
A1  - Fassnacht, Martin
A1  - Wiegering, Verena
T1  - Adrenocortical carcinoma in childhood: a systematic review
JF  - Cancers
N2  - Adrenocortical tumors are rare in children. This systematic review summarizes the published evidence on pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) to provide a basis for a better understanding of the disease, investigate new molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and define which patients may benefit from a more aggressive therapeutic approach. We included 137 studies with 3680 ACC patients (~65% female) in our analysis. We found no randomized controlled trials, so this review mainly reflects retrospective data. Due to a specific mutation in the TP53 gene in ~80% of Brazilian patients, that cohort was analyzed separately from series from other countries. Hormone analysis was described in 2569 of the 2874 patients (89%). Most patients were diagnosed with localized disease, whereas 23% had metastasis at primary diagnosis. Only 72% of the patients achieved complete resection. In 334 children (23%), recurrent disease was reported: 81% — local recurrence, 19% (n = 65) — distant metastases at relapse. Patients < 4 years old had a different distribution of tumor stages and hormone activity and better overall survival (p < 0.001). Although therapeutic approaches are typically multimodal, no consensus is available on effective standard treatments for advanced ACC. Thus, knowledge regarding pediatric ACC is still scarce and international prospective studies are needed to implement standardized clinical stratifications and risk-adapted therapeutic strategies.
KW  - pediatric adrenocortical cancer
KW  - pediatric adrenocortical adenoma
KW  - pediatric adrenocortical tumor
KW  - prognostic factors
KW  - therapy
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-248507
SN  - 2072-6694
VL  - 13
IS  - 21
ER  -