TY - JOUR A1 - Rudno-Rudziński, W. A1 - Syperek, M. A1 - Andrezejewski, J. A1 - Maryński, A. A1 - Misiewicz, J. A1 - Somers, A. A1 - Höfling, S. A1 - Reithmaier, J. P. A1 - Sęk, G. T1 - Carrier delocalization in InAs/InGaAlAs/InP quantum-dash-based tunnel injection system for 1.55 μm emission JF - AIP Advances N2 - We have investigated optical properties of hybrid two-dimensional-zero-dimensional (2D-0D) tunnel structures containing strongly elongated InAs/InP(001) quantum dots (called quantum dashes), emitting at 1.55 μm. These quantum dashes (QDashes) are separated by a 2.3 nm-width barrier from an InGaAs quantum well (QW), lattice matched to InP. We have tailored quantum-mechanical coupling between the states confined in QDashes and a QW by changing the QW thickness. By combining modulation spectroscopy and photoluminescence excitation, we have determined the energies of all relevant optical transitions in the system and proven the carrier transfer from the QW to the QDashes, which is the fundamental requirement for the tunnel injection scheme. A transformation between 0D and mixed-type 2D-0D character of an electron and a hole confinement in the ground state of the hybrid system have been probed by time-resolved photoluminescence that revealed considerable changes in PL decay time with the QW width changes. The experimental discoveries have been explained by band structure calculations in the framework of the eight-band k·p model showing that they are driven by delocalization of the lowest energy hole state. The hole delocalization process from the 0D QDash confinement is unfavorable for optical devices based on such tunnel injection structures. KW - physics KW - surface collisions KW - electronic coupling KW - transition radiation KW - time-resolved photoluminescence KW - photoluminescence excitation KW - modulation spectroscopy KW - quantum dots KW - quantum wells KW - delocalization Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181787 VL - 7 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ryczko, K. A1 - Misiewicz, J. A1 - Hofling, S. A1 - Kamp, M. A1 - Sęk, G. T1 - Optimizing the active region of interband cascade lasers for passive mode-locking JF - AIP Advances N2 - The work proposes possible designs of active regions for a mode-locked interband cascade laser emitting in the mid infrared. For that purpose we investigated the electronic structure properties of respectively modified GaSb-based type II W-shaped quantum wells, including the effect of external bias in order to simultaneously fulfil the requirements for both the absorber as well as the gain sections of a device. The results show that introducing multiple InAs layers in type II InAs/GaInSb quantum wells or introducing a tensely-strained GaAsSb layer into “W-shaped” type II QWs offers significant difference in optical transitions’ oscillator strengths (characteristic lifetimes) of the two oppositely polarized parts of such a laser, being promising for utilization in mode-locked devices. KW - physics KW - electrostatics KW - transition radiation KW - oscillator strengths KW - laser spectroscopy KW - optical spectroscopy KW - atomic and molecular spectroscopy, KW - frequency combs KW - quantum wells KW - laser physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181790 VL - 7 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lavysh, Daria A1 - Sokolova, Maria A1 - Slashcheva, Marina A1 - Förstner, Konrad U. A1 - Severinov, Konstantin T1 - Transcription profiling of "bacillus subtilis" cells infected with AR9, a giant phage encoding two multisubunit RNA polymerases JF - mBio N2 - Bacteriophage AR9 is a recently sequenced jumbo phage that encodes two multisubunit RNA polymerases. Here we investigated the AR9 transcription strategy and the effect of AR9 infection on the transcription of its host, Bacillus subtilis. Analysis of whole-genome transcription revealed early, late, and continuously expressed AR9 genes. Alignment of sequences upstream of the 5′ ends of AR9 transcripts revealed consensus sequences that define early and late phage promoters. Continuously expressed AR9 genes have both early and late promoters in front of them. Early AR9 transcription is independent of protein synthesis and must be determined by virion RNA polymerase injected together with viral DNA. During infection, the overall amount of host mRNAs is significantly decreased. Analysis of relative amounts of host transcripts revealed notable differences in the levels of some mRNAs. The physiological significance of up- or downregulation of host genes for AR9 phage infection remains to be established. AR9 infection is significantly affected by rifampin, an inhibitor of host RNA polymerase transcription. The effect is likely caused by the antibiotic-induced killing of host cells, while phage genome transcription is solely performed by viral RNA polymerases. KW - Bacteriaophage AR9 KW - Transcription profiling Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181810 VL - 8 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ahmed, Bilal A1 - Ojha, Animesh K. A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Fischer, Ingo A1 - Patrice, Donfack A1 - Materny, Arnulf T1 - Tailoring of enhanced interfacial polarization in WO\(_3\) nanorods grown over reduced graphene oxide synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method JF - RSC Advances N2 - In the present report, well-defined WO3 nanorods (NRs) and a rGO–WO\(_3\) composite were successfully synthesized using a one-pot hydrothermal method. The crystal phase, structural morphology, shape, and size of the as-synthesized samples were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The optical properties of the synthesized samples were investigated by Raman, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy and TEM results validate the formation of WO\(_3\) (NRs) on the rGO sheet. The value of the dielectric constant (ε′) of WO3 NRs and rGO–WO\(_3\) composite is decreased with an increase in frequency. At low frequency (2.5 to 3.5 Hz), the value of ε′ for the rGO–WO3 composite is greater than that of pure WO\(_3\) NRs. This could be due to the fact that the induced charges follow the ac signal. However, at higher frequency (3.4 to 6.0), the value of ε′ for the rGO–WO\(_3\) composite is less compared to that of the pure WO3 NRs. The overall decrease in the value of ε′ could be due to the occurrence of a polarization process at the interface of the rGO sheet and WO3 NRs. Enhanced interfacial polarization in the rGO–WO\(_3\) composite is observed, which may be attributed to the presence of polar functional groups on the rGO sheet. These functional groups trap charge carriers at the interface, resulting in an enhancement of the interfacial polarization. The value of the dielectric modulus is also calculated to further confirm this enhancement. The values of the ac conductivity of the WO\(_3\) NRs and rGO–WO\(_3\) composite were calculated as a function of the frequency. The greater value of the ac conductivity in the rGO–WO\(_3\) composite compared to that of the WO\(_3\) NRs confirms the restoration of the sp:\(^{++}\) network during the in situ synthesis of the rGO–WO\(_3\) composite, which is well supported by the results obtained by Raman spectroscopy. KW - chemistry Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181829 VL - 7 IS - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bender, Oliver A1 - Roth, Charlotte E. A1 - Job, Hubert T1 - Protected areas and population development in the alps JF - eco.mont : Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management N2 - Nearly a quarter of the Alpine area is covered by a dense network of large protected areas (LPAs) of the four categories national park(NP), biosphere reserve (BR), nature park and world natural heritage site (WNHS). From the time of early industrialization, the Alpine area has undergone a mixed and increasingly polarized demographic development between the poles of immigration and emigration. This article investigates the possible mutual impact of population development and the existence of LPAs. The research design includes a quantitative survey of all Alpine LPAs in terms of their population development and the structure of immigration in the first decade of the 21st century. This will be linked with qualitative expert interviews in four selected NPs. The overall results allow an interpretation of the statistical correlations between type of LPA and migration. KW - geography KW - amenity migration KW - national parks KW - population KW - protected areas KW - regional development Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181901 VL - 9 IS - Special issue ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Patt, Marianne A1 - Patt, Jörg T. W. A1 - Becker, Georg A. A1 - Rullmann, Michael A1 - Kranz, Mathias A1 - Deuther-Conrad, Winnie A1 - Schischke, Kristin A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Brust, Peter A1 - Hesse, Swen A1 - Sabri, Osama A1 - Krügel, Ute A1 - Fenske, Wiebke T1 - Suppressed fat appetite after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery associates with reduced brain mu-opioid receptor availability in diet-induced obese male rats JF - Frontiers in Neuroscience N2 - Brain μ-opioid receptors (MORs) stimulate high-fat (HF) feeding and have been implicated in the distinct long term outcomes on body weight of bariatric surgery and dieting. Whether alterations in fat appetite specifically following these disparate weight loss interventions relate to changes in brain MOR signaling is unknown. To address this issue, diet-induced obese male rats underwent either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sham surgeries. Postoperatively, animals were placed on a two-choice diet consisting of low-fat (LF) and HF food and sham-operated rats were further split into ad libitum fed (Sham-LF/HF) and body weight-matched (Sham-BWM) to RYGB groups. An additional set of sham-operated rats always only on a LF diet (Sham-LF) served as lean controls, making four experimental groups in total. Corresponding to a stage of weight loss maintenance for RYGB rats, two-bottle fat preference tests in conjunction with small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies with the selective MOR radioligand [\(^{11}\)C]carfentanil were performed. Brains were subsequently collected and MOR protein levels in the hypothalamus, striatum, prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex were analyzed by Western Blot. We found that only the RYGB group presented with intervention-specific changes: having markedly suppressed intake and preference for high concentration fat emulsions, a widespread reduction in [\(^{11}\)C]carfentanil binding potential (reflecting MOR availability) in various brain regions, and a downregulation of striatal and prefrontal MOR protein levels compared to the remaining groups. These findings suggest that the suppressed fat appetite caused by RYGB surgery is due to reduced brain MOR signaling, which may contribute to sustained weight loss unlike the case for dieting. KW - bariatric surgery KW - caloric-restriction KW - fat appetite KW - Brain μ-opioid receptors KW - positron emission tomography imaging Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181130 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Halder, Luke D. A1 - Abdelfatah, Mahmoud A. A1 - Jo, Emeraldo A. H. A1 - Jacobsen, Ilse D. A1 - Westermann, Martin A1 - Beyersdorf, Niklas A1 - Lorkowski, Stefan A1 - Zipfel, Peter F. A1 - Skerka, Christine T1 - Factor H binds to extracellular DNA traps released from human blood monocytes in response to Candida albicans JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Upon systemic infection with human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans (C. albicans), human monocytes and polymorph nuclear neutrophilic granulocytes are the first immune cells to respond and come into contact with C. albicans. Monocytes exert immediate candidacidal activity and inhibit germination, mediate phagocytosis, and kill fungal cells. Here, we show that human monocytes spontaneously respond to C. albicans cells via phagocytosis, decondensation of nuclear DNA, and release of this decondensed DNA in the form of extracellular traps (called monocytic extracellular traps: MoETs). Both subtypes of monocytes (CD14\(^{++}\)CD16\(^−\)/CD14\(^+\)CD16\(^+\)) formed MoETs within the first hours upon contact with C. albicans. MoETs were characterized by the presence of citrullinated histone, myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, and elastase. MoETs were also formed in response to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, indicating a general reaction of monocytes to infectious microbes. MoET induction differs from extracellular trap formation in macrophages as MoETs are not triggered by simvastatin, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis and inducer of extracellular traps in macrophages. Extracellular traps from both monocytes and neutrophils activate complement and C3b is deposited. However, factor H (FH) binds via C3b to the extracellular DNA, mediates cofactor activity, and inhibits the induction of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta in monocytes. Altogether, the results show that human monocytes release extracellular DNA traps in response to C. albicans and that these traps finally bind FH via C3b to presumably support clearance without further inflammation. KW - Candida KW - monocytes KW - DNA traps KW - MPO KW - factor H Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181127 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petruski-Ivleva, Natalia A1 - Kucharska-Newton, Anna A1 - Palta, Priya A1 - Couper, David A1 - Meyer, Katie A1 - Graff, Misa A1 - Haring, Bernhard A1 - Sharrett, Richey A1 - Heiss, Gerardo T1 - Milk intake at midlife and cognitive decline over 20 years. The Atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study JF - Nutrients N2 - Background: Faster rates of cognitive decline are likely to result in earlier onset of cognitive impairment and dementia. d-galactose, a derivative of lactose, is used in animal studies to induce neurodegeneration. Milk is the primary source of lactose in the human diet, and its effects on cognitive decline have not been fully evaluated. Objective: Assess the association of milk intake with change in cognitive function over 20 years. Methods: A total of 13,751 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort completed a food frequency questionnaire and three neurocognitive evaluations from 1990 through 2013. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine lactase persistence (LCT-13910 C/T for Whites and LCT-14010 G/C for Blacks). Mixed-effects models were used to study the association of milk intake with cognitive change. Multiple imputations by chained equations were used to account for attrition. Results: Milk intake greater than 1 glass/day was associated with greater decline in the global z-score over a 20-year period. The difference in decline was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.03) z-scores, or an additional 10% decline, relative to the group reporting “almost never” consuming milk. Conclusions: Replication of these results is warranted in diverse populations with greater milk intake and higher variability of lactase persistence genotype. KW - lactose KW - lactase persistence KW - oxidative stress KW - cognitive decline KW - dementia KW - aging Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173909 VL - 9 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sbirkov, Yordan A1 - Kwok, Colin A1 - Bhamra, Amandeep A1 - Thompson, Andrew J. A1 - Gil, Veronica A1 - Zelent, Arthur A1 - Petrie, Kevin T1 - Semi-quantitative mass spectrometry in AML cells identifies new non-genomic targets of the EZH2 methyltransferase JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Alterations to the gene encoding the EZH2 (KMT6A) methyltransferase, including both gain-of-function and loss-of-function, have been linked to a variety of haematological malignancies and solid tumours, suggesting a complex, context-dependent role of this methyltransferase. The successful implementation of molecularly targeted therapies against EZH2 requires a greater understanding of the potential mechanisms by which EZH2 contributes to cancer. One aspect of this effort is the mapping of EZH2 partner proteins and cellular targets. To this end we performed affinity-purification mass spectrometry in the FAB-M2 HL-60 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cell line before and after all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation. These studies identified new EZH2 interaction partners and potential non-histone substrates for EZH2-mediated methylation. Our results suggest that EZH2 is involved in the regulation of translation through interactions with a number of RNA binding proteins and by methylating key components of protein synthesis such as eEF1A1. Given that deregulated mRNA translation is a frequent feature of cancer and that eEF1A1 is highly expressed in many human tumours, these findings present new possibilities for the therapeutic targeting of EZH2 in AML. KW - acute myeloid leukaemia KW - EZH2 KW - mass spectrometry KW - methylation KW - eEF1A1 Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285541 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 18 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koeniger, Tobias A1 - Kuerten, Stefanie T1 - Splitting the "unsplittable": Dissecting resident and infiltrating macrophages in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Macrophages predominate the inflammatory landscape within multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, not only regarding cellularity but also with respect to the diverse functions this cell fraction provides during disease progression and remission. Researchers have been well aware of the fact that the macrophage pool during central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity consists of a mixture of myeloid cells. Yet, separating these populations to define their unique contribution to disease pathology has long been challenging due to their similar marker expression. Sophisticated lineage tracing approaches as well as comprehensive transcriptome analysis have elevated our insight into macrophage biology to a new level enabling scientists to dissect the roles of resident (microglia and non-parenchymal macrophages) and infiltrating macrophages with unprecedented precision. To do so in an accurate way, researchers have to know their toolbox, which has been filled with diverse, discriminating approaches from decades of studying neuroinflammation in animal models. Every method has its own strengths and weaknesses, which will be addressed in this review. The focus will be on tools to manipulate and/or identify different macrophage subgroups within the injured murine CNS. KW - CNS KW - distinction KW - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis KW - inflammation KW - macrophages KW - markers KW - microglia KW - monocytes Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285067 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 18 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hibar, Derrek P. A1 - Adams, Hieab H.H. A1 - Jahanshad, Neda A1 - Chauhan, Ganesh A1 - Stein, Jason L A1 - Hofer, Edith A1 - Renteria, Miguel E. A1 - Bis, Joshua C. A1 - Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro A1 - Ikram, M. Kamran A1 - Desrivières, Sylvane A1 - Vernooij, Meike W. A1 - Abramovic, Lucija A1 - Alhusaini, Saud A1 - Amin, Najaf A1 - Andersson, Micael A1 - Arfanakis, Konstantinos A1 - Aribisala, Benjamin S. A1 - Armstrong, Nicola J. A1 - Athanasiu, Lavinia A1 - Axelsson, Tomas A1 - Beecham, Ashley H. A1 - Beiser, Alexa A1 - Bernard, Manon A1 - Blanton, Susan H. A1 - Bohlken, Marc M. A1 - Boks, Marco P. A1 - Bralten, Janita A1 - Brickman, Adam M. A1 - Carmichael, Owen T1 - Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume JF - Nature Communications N2 - The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (r\(_g\)=−0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness. KW - brain KW - hippocampal formation KW - neuropsychiatric disorders KW - Alzheimer’s disease KW - genetic loci KW - hippocampal volume Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-182115 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vargas Casanova, Yerly A1 - Rodríguez Guerra, Jorge Antonio A1 - Umaña Pérez, Yadi Adriana A1 - Leal Castro, Aura Lucía A1 - Almanzar Reina, Giovanni A1 - García Castañeda, Javier Eduardo A1 - Rivera Monroy, Zuly Jenny T1 - Antibacterial synthetic peptides derived from bovine lactoferricin exhibit cytotoxic effect against MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines JF - Molecules N2 - Linear, dimeric, tetrameric, and cyclic peptides derived from lactoferricin B, containing the RRWQWR motif, were designed, synthesized, purified, and characterized using RP-HPLC chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity of the designed peptides against E. coli (ATCC 11775 and 25922) and their cytotoxic effect against MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were evaluated. Dimeric and tetrameric peptides showed higher antibacterial activity in both bacteria strains than linear peptides. The dimeric peptide (RRWQWR)\(_2\)K-Ahx exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains. Furthermore, the peptides with high antibacterial activity exhibited significant cytotoxic effect against the tested breast cancer cell lines. This cytotoxic effect was fast and dependent on the peptide concentration. The tetrameric molecule containing RRWQWR motif has an optimal cytotoxic effect at a concentration of 22 µM. The evaluated dimeric and tetrameric peptides could be considered as candidates for developing new therapeutic agents against breast cancer. Polyvalence of linear sequences could be considered as a novel and versatile strategy for obtaining molecules with high anticancer activity. KW - lactoferricin B KW - E. coli KW - breast cancer KW - cytotoxic effect KW - antibacterial activity KW - synthetic peptides Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173887 VL - 22 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vangeel, Elise Beau A1 - Pishva, Ehsan A1 - Hompes, Titia A1 - van den Hove, Daniel A1 - Lambrechts, Diether A1 - Allegaert, Karel A1 - Freson, Kathleen A1 - Izzi, Benedetta A1 - Claes, Stephan T1 - Newborn genome-wide DNA methylation in association with pregnancy anxiety reveals a potential role for \(GABBR1\) JF - Clinical Epigenetics N2 - Background: There is increasing evidence for the role of prenatal stress in shaping offspring DNA methylation and disease susceptibility. In the current study, we aimed to identify genes and pathways associated with pregnancy anxiety using a genome-wide DNA methylation approach. Methods: We selected 22 versus 23 newborns from our Prenatal Early Life Stress (PELS) cohort, exposed to the lowest or highest degree of maternal pregnancy anxiety, respectively. Cord blood genome-wide DNA methylation was assayed using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (HM450, n = 45) and candidate gene methylation using EpiTYPER (n = 80). Cortisol levels were measured at 2, 4, and 12 months of age to test infant stress system (re)activity. Results: Data showed ten differentially methylated regions (DMR) when comparing newborns exposed to low versus high pregnancy anxiety scores. We validated a top DMR in the GABA-B receptor subunit 1 gene (GABBR1) revealing the association with pregnancy anxiety particularly in male newborns (most significant CpG Pearson R = 0.517, p = 0.002; average methylation Pearson R = 0.332, p = 0.039). Cord blood GABBR1 methylation was associated with infant cortisol levels in response to a routine vaccination at 4 months old. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results show that pregnancy anxiety is associated with differential DNA methylation patterns in newborns and that our candidate gene GABBR1 is associated with infant hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to a stressor. Our findings reveal a potential role for GABBR1 methylation in association with stress and provide grounds for further research. KW - DNA methylation KW - GABBR1 KW - gender differences KW - HPA axis KW - pregnancy anxiety KW - prenatal stress Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173825 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salker, Madhuri S. A1 - Singh, Yogesh A1 - Zeng, Ni A1 - Chen, Hong A1 - Zhang, Shaqiu A1 - Umbach, Anja T. A1 - Fakhri, Hajar A1 - Kohlhofer, Ursula A1 - Quintanilla-Martinez, Leticia A1 - Durairaj, Ruban R. Peter A1 - Barros, Flavio S. V. A1 - Vrljicak, Pavle A1 - Ott, Sascha A1 - Brucker, Sara Y. A1 - Wallwiener, Diethelm A1 - Madunić, Ivana Vrhovac A1 - Breljak, Davorka A1 - Sabolić, Ivan A1 - Koepsell, Hermann A1 - Brosens, Jan J. A1 - Lang, Florian T1 - Loss of endometrial sodium glucose cotransporter SGLT1 is detrimental to embryo survival and fetal growth in pregnancy JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Embryo implantation requires a hospitable uterine environment. A key metabolic change that occurs during the peri-implantation period, and throughout early pregnancy, is the rise in endometrial glycogen content. Glycogen accumulation requires prior cellular uptake of glucose. Here we show that both human and murine endometrial epithelial cells express the high affinity Na\(^+\)-coupled glucose carrier SGLT1. Ussing chamber experiments revealed electrogenic glucose transport across the endometrium in wild type (\(Slc5a1^{+/+}\)) but not in SGLT1 defcient (\(Slc5a1^{−/−}\)) mice. Endometrial glycogen content, litter size and weight of offspring at birth were signifcantly lower in \(Slc5a1^{−/−}\) mice. In humans, \(SLC5A1\) expression was upregulated upon decidualization of primary endometrial stromal cells. Endometrial \(SLC5A1\) expression during the implantation window was attenuated in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss when compared with control subjects. Our fndings reveal a novel mechanism establishing adequate endometrial glycogen stores for pregnancy. Disruption of this histiotrophic pathway leads to adverse pregnancy outcome. KW - biology KW - embryology KW - intrauterine growth KW - paediatric research Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173814 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cerna-Velazco, Nhell A1 - Faber, Thomas A1 - Jones-Pérez, Joel A1 - Porod, Werner T1 - Constraining sleptons at the LHC in a supersymmetric low-scale seesaw scenario JF - European Physical Journal C N2 - We consider a scenario inspired by natural supersymmetry, where neutrino data is explained within a low-scale seesaw scenario. We extend the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model by adding light right-handed neutrinos and their superpartners, the R-sneutrinos, and consider the lightest neutralinos to be higgsino-like. We consider the possibilities of having either an R-sneutrino or a higgsino as lightest supersymmetric particle. Assuming that squarks and gauginos are heavy, we systematically evaluate the bounds on slepton masses due to existing LHC data. KW - physics KW - particle physics KW - neutrino KW - R-sneutrino KW - supersymmetry (SUSY) KW - supersymmetric model KW - standard seesaw KW - inverse seesaw KW - minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173809 VL - 77 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for triboson \({W^\pm}{W^\pm}{W^\mp}\) production in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C N2 - This paper reports a search for triboson \({W^\pm}{W^\pm}{W^\mp}\) production in two decay channels (\({W^\pm}{W^\pm}{W^\mp}\) → \({ℓ^\pm}{νℓ^\pm}{νℓ^\mp}{ν}\) and \({W^\pm}{W^\pm}{W^\mp}\) → \({ℓ^\pm}{νℓ^\pm}{νjj}\) with \(ℓ=e,μ\)) in proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with exactly three charged leptons, or two leptons with the same electric charge in association with two jets, are selected. The total number of events observed in data is consistent with the Standard Model (SM) predictions. The observed 95% confidence level upper limit on the SM \({W^\pm}{W^\pm}{W^\mp}\) production cross section is found to be 730 fb with an expected limit of 560 fb in the absence of SM \({W^\pm}{W^\pm}{W^\mp}\) production. Limits are also set on \(WWWW\) anomalous quartic gauge couplings. KW - high energy physics KW - triboson production KW - triple gauge couplings (TGCs) KW - quartic gauge couplings (QGCs) KW - decay channels Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173710 VL - 77 IS - 141 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A measurement of the calorimeter response to single hadrons and determination of the jet energy scale uncertainty using LHC Run-1 \(pp\)-collision data with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C N2 - A measurement of the calorimeter response to isolated charged hadrons in the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. This measurement is performed with 3.2 nb\(^{−1}\) of proton–proton collision data at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 7 TeV from 2010 and 0.1 nb\(^{−1}\) of data at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV from 2012. A number of aspects of the calorimeter response to isolated hadrons are explored. After accounting for energy deposited by neutral particles, there is a 5% discrepancy in the modelling, using various sets of GEANT4 hadronic physics models, of the calorimeter response to isolated charged hadrons in the central calorimeter region. The description of the response to anti-protons at low momenta is found to be improved with respect to previous analyses. The electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters are also examined separately, and the detector simulation is found to describe the response in the hadronic calorimeter well. The jet energy scale uncertainty and correlations in scale between jets of different momenta and pseudorapidity are derived based on these studies. The uncertainty is 2–5% for jets with transverse momenta above 2 TeV, where this method provides the jet energy scale uncertainty for ATLAS. KW - high energy physics KW - ATLAS detector KW - hadronic calorimeter KW - charged hadron response KW - identified particle response KW - hadronic physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173690 VL - 77 IS - 26 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chiesa, Mauro A1 - Greiner, Nicolas A1 - Schönherr, Marek A1 - Tramontano, Francesco T1 - Electroweak corrections to diphoton plus jets JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - We calculate the next-to-leading order electroweak corrections to the production of a photon pair in association with zero, one and two jets at the LHC. We use GoSam and Sherpa to obtain the results in a fully automated way. For a typical set of fiducial cuts the electroweak corrections lead to a modification of the total cross section of up to 3%, depending on the jet multiplicity. We find substantial contributions in differential distributions, leading to tens of per cent corrections for phase space regions within the reach of the LHC. Furthermore we investigate the importance of photon induced processes as well as subleading contributions. Photon induced processes are found to be negligible, subleading contributions can have a sizeable impact however they can be removed by appropriate phase space cuts. KW - NLO computations Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173512 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leopold, Stephanie A. A1 - Zeilbeck, Ludwig F. A1 - Weber, Gregor A1 - Seitz, Roswitha A1 - Bösl, Michael R. A1 - Jägle, Herbert A1 - Fuchshofer, Rudolf A1 - Tamm, Ernst R. A1 - Ohlmann, Andreas T1 - Norrin protects optic nerve axons from degeneration in a mouse model of glaucoma JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Norrin is a secreted signaling molecule activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Since Norrin protects retinal neurons from experimental acute injury, we were interested to learn if Norrin attenuates chronic damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons in a mouse model of glaucoma. Transgenic mice overexpressing Norrin in the retina (Pax6-Norrin) were generated and crossed with DBA/2J mice with hereditary glaucoma and optic nerve axonal degeneration. One-year old DBA/2J/Pax6-Norrin animals had significantly more surviving optic nerve axons than their DBA/2J littermates. The protective effect correlated with an increase in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 mRNA and an enhanced Akt phosphorylation in DBA/2J/Pax6-Norrin mice. Both mouse strains developed an increase in intraocular pressure during the second half of the first year and marked degenerative changes in chamber angle, ciliary body and iris structure. The degenerations were slightly attenuated in the chamber angle of DBA/2J/Pax6-Norrin mice, which showed a β-catenin increase in the trabecular meshwork. We conclude that high levels of Norrin and the subsequent constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in RGC protect from glaucomatous axonal damage via IGF-1 causing increased activity of PI3K-Akt signaling. Our results identify components of a protective signaling network preventing degeneration of optic nerve axons in glaucoma. KW - glaucoma KW - neurotrophic factors Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173494 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tsamadou, Chrysanthi A1 - Fürst, Daniel A1 - Vucinic, Vladan A1 - Bunjes, Donald A1 - Neuchel, Christine A1 - Mytilineos, Daphne A1 - Gramatzki, Martin A1 - Arnold, Renate A1 - Wagner, Eva Maria A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Müller, Carlheinz A1 - Schrezenmeier, Hubert A1 - Mytilineos, Joannis T1 - Human leukocyte antigen-E mismatch is associated with better hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcome in acute leukemia patients JF - Haematologica N2 - The immunomodulatory role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has not been extensively investigated. To this end, we genotyped 509 10/10 HLA unrelated transplant pairs for HLA-E, in order to study the effect of HLA-E as a natural killer (NK)-alloreactivity mediator on HSCT outcome in an acute leukemia (AL) setting. Overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), relapse incidence (RI) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were set as endpoints. Analysis of our data revealed a significant correlation between HLA-E mismatch and improved HSCT outcome, as shown by both univariate (53% vs. 38%, P=0.002, 5-year OS) and multivariate (hazard ratio (HR)=0.63, confidence interval (CI) 95%=0.48–0.83, P=0.001) analyses. Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that the positive effect of HLA-E mismatch was significant and pronounced in advanced disease patients (n=120) (5-year OS: 50% vs. 18%, P=0.005; HR=0.40, CI 95%=0.22–0.72, P=0.002; results from univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively). The study herein is the first to report an association between HLA-E incompatibility and improved post–transplant prognosis in AL patients who have undergone matched unrelated HSCT. Combined NK and T cell HLA-E-mediated mechanisms may account for the better outcomes observed. Notwithstanding the necessity for in vitro and confirmational studies, our findings highlight the clinical relevance of HLA-E matching and strongly support prospective HLA-E screening upon donor selection for matched AL unrelated HSCTs. KW - medicine KW - acute leukemia (AL) KW - hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) KW - human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) KW - HLA-E matching KW - HSTC outcome Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173325 VL - 102 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buff, Christine A1 - Brinkmann, Leonie A1 - Bruchmann, Maximilian A1 - Becker, Michael P.I. A1 - Tupak, Sara A1 - Herrmann, Martin J. A1 - Straube, Thomas T1 - Activity alterations in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala during threat anticipation in generalized anxiety disorder JF - Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience N2 - Sustained anticipatory anxiety is central to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). During anticipatory anxiety, phasic threat responding appears to be mediated by the amygdala, while sustained threat responding seems related to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Although sustained anticipatory anxiety in GAD patients was proposed to be associated with BNST activity alterations, firm evidence is lacking. We aimed to explore temporal characteristics of BNST and amygdala activity during threat anticipation in GAD patients. Nineteen GAD patients and nineteen healthy controls (HC) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a temporally unpredictable threat anticipation paradigm. We defined phasic and a systematic variation of sustained response models for blood oxygen level-dependent responses during threat anticipation, to disentangle temporally dissociable involvement of the BNST and the amygdala. GAD patients relative to HC responded with increased phasic amygdala activity to onset of threat anticipation and with elevated sustained BNST activity that was delayed relative to the onset of threat anticipation. Both the amygdala and the BNST displayed altered responses during threat anticipation in GAD patients, albeit with different time courses. The results for the BNST activation hint towards its role in sustained threat responding, and contribute to a deeper understanding of pathological sustained anticipatory anxiety in GAD. KW - medicine KW - anticipatory anxiety KW - anxiety KW - fMRI KW - sustained threat responding KW - phasic threat responding Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173298 VL - 12 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zopf, Kathrin A1 - Frey, Kathrin R. A1 - Kienitz, Tina A1 - Ventz, Manfred A1 - Bauer, Britta A1 - Quinkler, Marcus T1 - \(Bcl\)I polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor and adrenal crisis in primary adrenal insufficiency JF - Endocrine Connections N2 - Context: Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at a high risk of adrenal crisis (AC). Glucocorticoid sensitivity is at least partially genetically determined by polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Objectives: To determine if a number of intercurrent illnesses and AC are associated with the GR gene polymorphism \(Bcl\)I in patients with PAI and CAH. Design and patients: This prospective, longitudinal study over 37.7 ± 10.1 months included 47 PAI and 25 CAH patients. During the study period, intercurrent illness episodes and AC were documented. Results: The study period covered 223 patient years in which 21 AC occurred (9.4 AC/100 pat years). There were no significant differences between \(Bcl\)I polymorphisms (CC (n=29), CG (n=34) and GG (n=9)) regarding BMI, hydrocortisone equivalent daily dose and blood pressure. We did not find a difference in the number of intercurrent illnesses/patient year among \(Bcl\)I polymorphisms (CC (1.5±1.4/pat year), CG (1.2±1.2/pat year) and GG (1.6±2.2/pat year)). The occurrence of AC was not significantly different among the homozygous (GG) genotype (32.5 AC/100 pat years), the CC genotype (6.7 AC/100 pat years) and the CG genotype (4.9 AC/100 pat years). Concomitant hypothyroidism was the highest in the GG genotype group (5/9), compared to others (CC (11/29) and CG (11/34)). Conclusions: Although sample sizes were relatively small and results should be interpreted with caution, this study suggests that the GR gene polymorphism \(Bcl\)I may not be associated with the frequencies of intercurrent illnesses and AC. KW - medicine KW - adrenal crisis KW - adrenal insufficiency KW - cortisol KW - hydrocortisone KW - polyglandular autoimmune syndrome Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173276 VL - 6 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aeschlimann, Martin A1 - Brixner, Tobias A1 - Cinchetti, Mirko A1 - Frisch, Benjamin A1 - Hecht, Bert A1 - Hensen, Matthias A1 - Huber, Bernhard A1 - Kramer, Christian A1 - Krauss, Enno A1 - Loeber, Thomas H. A1 - Pfeiffer, Walter A1 - Piecuch, Martin A1 - Thielen, Philip T1 - Cavity-assisted ultrafast long-range periodic energy transfer between plasmonic nanoantennas JF - Light: Science & Applications N2 - Radiationless energy transfer is at the core of diverse phenomena, such as light harvesting in photosynthesis\(^1\), energy-transfer-based microspectroscopies\(^2\), nanoscale quantum entanglement\(^3\) and photonic-mode hybridization\(^4\). Typically, the transfer is efficient only for separations that are much shorter than the diffraction limit. This hampers its application in optical communication and quantum information processing, which require spatially selective addressing. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient radiationless coherent energy transfer over a distance of twice the excitation wavelength by combining localized and delocalized\(^5\) plasmonic modes. Analogous to the Tavis-Cummings model, two whispering-gallery-mode antennas\(^6\) placed in the foci of an elliptical plasmonic cavity\(^7\) fabricated from single-crystal gold plates act as a pair of oscillators coupled to a common cavity mode. Time-resolved two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (TR 2P-PEEM) reveals an ultrafast long-range periodic energy transfer in accordance with the simulations. Our observations open perspectives for the optimization and tailoring of mesoscopic energy transfer and long-range quantum emitter coupling. KW - chemistry KW - nanocavities KW - nanophotonics and plasmonics KW - photonic devices Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173265 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bisti, F. A1 - Rogalev, V. A. A1 - Karolak, M. A1 - Paul, S. A1 - Gupta, A. A1 - Schmitt, T. A1 - Güntherodt, G. A1 - Eyert, V. A1 - Sangiovanni, G. A1 - Profeta, G. A1 - Strocov, V. N. T1 - Weakly-correlated nature of ferromagnetism in nonsymmorphic CrO\(_2\) revealed by bulk-sensitive soft-X-ray ARPES JF - Physical Review X N2 - Chromium dioxide CrO\(_2\) belongs to a class of materials called ferromagnetic half-metals, whose peculiar aspect is that they act as a metal in one spin orientation and as a semiconductor or insulator in the opposite one. Despite numerous experimental and theoretical studies motivated by technologically important applications of this material in spintronics, its fundamental properties such as momentumresolved electron dispersions and the Fermi surface have so far remained experimentally inaccessible because of metastability of its surface, which instantly reduces to amorphous Cr\(_2\)O\(_3\). In this work, we demonstrate that direct access to the native electronic structure of CrO\(_2\) can be achieved with soft-x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy whose large probing depth penetrates through the Cr\(_2\)O\(_3\) layer. For the first time, the electronic dispersions and Fermi surface of CrO\(_2\) are measured, which are fundamental prerequisites to solve the long debate on the nature of electronic correlations in this material. Since density functional theory augmented by a relatively weak local Coulomb repulsion gives an exhaustive description of our spectroscopic data, we rule out strong-coupling theories of CrO\(_2\). Crucial for the correct interpretation of our experimental data in terms of the valence-band dispersions is the understanding of a nontrivial spectral response of CrO\(_2\) caused by interference effects in the photoemission process originating from the nonsymmorphic space group of the rutile crystal structure of CrO\(_2\). KW - physics KW - electronic structure KW - half-metals KW - angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy KW - band structure methods KW - DFT+U KW - condensed matter physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172251 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schamel, Johannes T1 - A demographic perspective on the spatial behaviour of hikers in mountain areas: the example of Berchtesgaden National Park JF - eco.mont - Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management N2 - In Germany, as in many Western societies, demographic change will lead to a higher number of senior visitors to natural recreational areas and national parks. Given the high physiological requirements of many outdoor recreation activities, especially in mountain areas, it seems likely that demographic change will affect the spatial behaviour of national park visitors, which may pose a challenge to the management of these areas. With the help of GPS tracking and a standardized questionnaire (n=481), this study empirically investigates the spatial behaviour of demographic age brackets in Berchtesgaden National Park (NP) and the potential effects of demographic change on the use of the area. Cluster analysis revealed four activity types in the study area. More than half of the groups with visitors aged 60 and older belong to the activity type of Walker. KW - geography KW - demographic change KW - spatial behaviour KW - GPS tracking KW - outdoor recreation KW - Berchtesgaden NP Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172128 SN - 2073-1558 VL - 9 IS - Special issue ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaltdorf, Kristin Verena A1 - Schulze, Katja A1 - Helmprobst, Frederik A1 - Kollmannsberger, Philip A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Stigloher, Christian T1 - Fiji macro 3D ART VeSElecT: 3D automated reconstruction tool for vesicle structures of electron tomograms JF - PLoS Computational Biology N2 - Automatic image reconstruction is critical to cope with steadily increasing data from advanced microscopy. We describe here the Fiji macro 3D ART VeSElecT which we developed to study synaptic vesicles in electron tomograms. We apply this tool to quantify vesicle properties (i) in embryonic Danio rerio 4 and 8 days past fertilization (dpf) and (ii) to compare Caenorhabditis elegans N2 neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) wild-type and its septin mutant (unc-59(e261)). We demonstrate development-specific and mutant-specific changes in synaptic vesicle pools in both models. We confirm the functionality of our macro by applying our 3D ART VeSElecT on zebrafish NMJ showing smaller vesicles in 8 dpf embryos then 4 dpf, which was validated by manual reconstruction of the vesicle pool. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of C. elegans septin mutant unc-59(e261) on vesicle pool formation and vesicle size. Automated vesicle registration and characterization was implemented in Fiji as two macros (registration and measurement). This flexible arrangement allows in particular reducing false positives by an optional manual revision step. Preprocessing and contrast enhancement work on image-stacks of 1nm/pixel in x and y direction. Semi-automated cell selection was integrated. 3D ART VeSElecT removes interfering components, detects vesicles by 3D segmentation and calculates vesicle volume and diameter (spherical approximation, inner/outer diameter). Results are collected in color using the RoiManager plugin including the possibility of manual removal of non-matching confounder vesicles. Detailed evaluation considered performance (detected vesicles) and specificity (true vesicles) as well as precision and recall. We furthermore show gain in segmentation and morphological filtering compared to learning based methods and a large time gain compared to manual segmentation. 3D ART VeSElecT shows small error rates and its speed gain can be up to 68 times faster in comparison to manual annotation. Both automatic and semi-automatic modes are explained including a tutorial. KW - Biology KW - Vesicles KW - Caenorhabditis elegans KW - Zebrafish KW - Septins KW - Synaptic vesicles KW - Neuromuscular junctions KW - Computer software KW - Synapses Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172112 VL - 13 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Syperek, M. A1 - Andrzejewski, J. A1 - Rudno-Rudziński, W. A1 - Maryński, A. A1 - Sȩk, G. A1 - Misiewicz, J. A1 - Reithmaier, J. P. A1 - Somers, A. A1 - Höfling, S. T1 - The issue of 0D-like ground state isolation in GaAs- and InP-based coupled quantum dots-quantum well systems JF - Journal of Physics: Conference Series N2 - The issue of quantum mechanical coupling between a semiconductor quantum dot and a quantum well is studied in two families of GaAs- and InP- based structures at cryogenic temperatures. It is shown that by tuning the quantum well parameters one can strongly disturb the 0D-character of the coupled system ground state, initially located in a dot. The out-coupling of either an electron or a hole state from the quantum dot confining potential is viewed by a significant elongation of the photoluminescence decay time constant. Band structure calculations show that in the GaAs-based coupled system at its ground state a hole remains isolated in the dot, whereas an electron gets delocalized towards the quantum well. The opposite picture is built for the ground state of a coupled system based on InP. KW - quantum mechanical coupling KW - quantum well KW - semiconductor quantum dot Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262876 SN - 1742-6588 SN - 1742-6596 VL - 906 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krstic, Jelena A1 - Herrmann, Marietta A1 - Gadjanski, Ivana A1 - Mojsilovic, Slavko T1 - Editorial: Microenvironment-derived stem cell plasticity JF - Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology N2 - No abstract available. KW - plasticity KW - stem cells KW - microenvironment KW - imaging KW - extracellular vesicles (EVs) KW - oxygen tension KW - tissue regeneration KW - immunomodulation Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197424 SN - 2296-634X VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Harter, Philipp A1 - Hauke, Jan A1 - Heitz, Florian A1 - Reuss, Alexander A1 - Kommoss, Stefan A1 - Marmé, Frederik A1 - Heimbach, André A1 - Prieske, Katharina A1 - Richters, Lisa A1 - Burges, Alexander A1 - Neidhardt, Guido A1 - de Gregorio, Nikolaus A1 - El-Balat, Ahmed A1 - Hilpert, Felix A1 - Meier, Werner A1 - Kimmig, Rainer A1 - Kast, Karin A1 - Sehouli, Jalid A1 - Baumann, Klaus A1 - Jackisch, Christian A1 - Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won A1 - Hanker, Lars A1 - Kröber, Sandra A1 - Pfisterer, Jacobus A1 - Gevensleben, Heidrun A1 - Schnelzer, Andreas A1 - Dietrich, Dimo A1 - Neunhöffer, Tanja A1 - Krockenberger, Mathias A1 - Brucker, Sara Y. A1 - Nürnberg, Peter A1 - Thiele, Holger A1 - Altmüller, Janine A1 - Lamla, Josefin A1 - Elser, Gabriele A1 - du Bois, Andreas A1 - Hahnen, Eric A1 - Schmutzler, Rita T1 - Prevalence of deleterious germline variants in risk genes including \(BRCA1/2\) in consecutive ovarian cancer patients (AGO-TR-1) JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background Identification of families at risk for ovarian cancer offers the opportunity to consider prophylactic surgery thus reducing ovarian cancer mortality. So far, identification of potentially affected families in Germany was solely performed via family history and numbers of affected family members with breast or ovarian cancer. However, neither the prevalence of deleterious variants in \(BRCA1/2\) in ovarian cancer in Germany nor the reliability of family history as trigger for genetic counselling has ever been evaluated. Methods Prospective counseling and germline testing of consecutive patients with primary diagnosis or with platinum-sensitive relapse of an invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Testing included 25 candidate and established risk genes. Among these 25 genes, 16 genes (\(ATM\), \(BRCA1\), \(BRCA2\), \(CDH1\), \(CHEK2\), \(MLH1\), \(MSH2\), \(MSH6\), \(NBN\), \(PMS2\), \(PTEN\), \(PALB2\), \(RAD51C\), \(RAD51D\), \(STK11\), \(TP53\)) were defined as established cancer risk genes. A positive family history was defined as at least one relative with breast cancer or ovarian cancer or breast cancer in personal history. Results In total, we analyzed 523 patients: 281 patients with primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer and 242 patients with relapsed disease. Median age at primary diagnosis was 58 years (range 16–93) and 406 patients (77.6%) had a high-grade serous ovarian cancer. In total, 27.9% of the patients showed at least one deleterious variant in all 25 investigated genes and 26.4% in the defined 16 risk genes. Deleterious variants were most prevalent in the \(BRCA1\) (15.5%), \(BRCA2\) (5.5%), \(RAD51C\) (2.5%) and \(PALB2\) (1.1%) genes. The prevalence of deleterious variants did not differ significantly between patients at primary diagnosis and relapse. The prevalence of deleterious variants in \(BRCA1/2\) (and in all 16 risk genes) in patients <60 years was 30.2% (33.2%) versus 10.6% (18.9%) in patients \(\geq\)60 years. Family history was positive in 43% of all patients. Patients with a positive family history had a prevalence of deleterious variants of 31.6% (36.0%) versus 11.4% (17.6%) and histologic subtype of high grade serous ovarian cancer versus other showed a prevalence of deleterious variants of 23.2% (29.1%) and 10.2% (14.8%), respectively. Testing only for \(BRCA1/2\) would miss in our series more than 5% of the patients with a deleterious variant in established risk genes. Conclusions 26.4% of all patients harbor at least one deleterious variant in established risk genes. The threshold of 10% mutation rate which is accepted for reimbursement by health care providers in Germany was observed in all subgroups analyzed and neither age at primary diagnosis nor histo-type or family history sufficiently enough could identify a subgroup not eligible for genetic counselling and testing. Genetic testing should therefore be offered to every patient with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer and limiting testing to \(BRCA1/2\) seems to be not sufficient. KW - medicine KW - Genetic causes of cancer KW - ovarian cancer KW - cancer risk factors KW - histology KW - cancer detection and diagnosis KW - breast cancer KW - genetic testing KW - human genetics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173553 VL - 12 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of top-quark pair to \(Z\)-boson cross-section ratios at \(\sqrt{s}\) \(=13 , 8, 7\) TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Ratios of top-quark pair to \(Z\)-boson cross sections measured from proton-proton collisions at the LHC centre-of-mass energies of \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV, 8 TeV, and 7 TeV are presented by the ATLAS Collaboration. Single ratios, at a given \(\sqrt{s}\) for the two processes and at different \(\sqrt{s}\) for each process, as well as double ratios of the two processes at different \(\sqrt{s}\), are evaluated. The ratios are constructed using previously published ATLAS measurements of the \({t\overline{t}}\) and \(Z\)-boson production cross sections, corrected to a common phase space where required, and a new analysis of \(Z\) → ℓ\(^+\)ℓ\(^-\) where ℓ = \(e, µ\) at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV performed with data collected in 2015 with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb\(^−1\). Correlations of systematic uncertainties are taken into account when evaluating the uncertainties in the ratios. The correlation model is also used to evaluate the combined cross section of the \(Z\) → \(e\)\(^+\)\(e\)\(^−\) and the \(Z\) → \(µ\)\(^+\)\(µ\)\(^−\) channels for each \(\sqrt{s}\) value. The results are compared to calculations performed at next-to-next-to-leading-order accuracy using recent sets of parton distribution functions. The data demonstrate significant power to constrain the gluon distribution function for the Bjorken-\(x\) values near 0.1 and the light-quark sea for \(x\) < 0.02. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173544 VL - 2017 IS - 02 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitjans, M. A1 - Begemann, M. A1 - Ju, A. A1 - Dere, E. A1 - Wüstefeld, L. A1 - Hofer, S. A1 - Hassouna, I. A1 - Balkenhol, J. A1 - Oliveira, B. A1 - Van der Auwera, S. A1 - Tammer, R. A1 - Hammerschmidt, K. A1 - Völzke, H. A1 - Homuth, G. A1 - Cecconi, F. A1 - Chowdhury, K. A1 - Grabe, H. A1 - Frahm, J. A1 - Boretius, S. A1 - Dandekar, T. A1 - Ehrenreich, H. T1 - Sexual dimorphism of \(AMBRA1\)-related autistic features in human and mouse JF - Translational Psychiatry N2 - \(Ambra1\) is linked to autophagy and neurodevelopment. Heterozygous \(Ambra1\) deficiency induces autism-like behavior in a sexually dimorphic manner. Extraordinarily, autistic features are seen in female mice only, combined with stronger Ambra1 protein reduction in brain compared to males. However, significance of \(AMBRA1\) for autistic phenotypes in humans and, apart from behavior, for other autism-typical features, namely early brain enlargement or increased seizure propensity, has remained unexplored. Here we show in two independent human samples that a single normal \(AMBRA1\) genotype, the intronic SNP rs3802890-AA, is associated with autistic features in women, who also display lower \(AMBRA1\) mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells relative to female GG carriers. Located within a non-coding RNA, likely relevant for mRNA and protein interaction, rs3802890 (A versus G allele) may affect its stability through modification of folding, as predicted by \(in\) \(silico\) analysis. Searching for further autism-relevant characteristics in \(Ambra1^{+/−}\) mice, we observe reduced interest of female but not male mutants regarding pheromone signals of the respective other gender in the social intellicage set-up. Moreover, altered pentylentetrazol-induced seizure propensity, an \(in\) \(vivo\) readout of neuronal excitation–inhibition dysbalance, becomes obvious exclusively in female mutants. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals mild prepubertal brain enlargement in both genders, uncoupling enhanced brain dimensions from the primarily female expression of all other autistic phenotypes investigated here. These data support a role of \(AMBRA1/Ambra1\) partial loss-of-function genotypes for female autistic traits. Moreover, they suggest \(Ambra1\) heterozygous mice as a novel multifaceted and construct-valid genetic mouse model for female autism. KW - biology KW - clinical genetics KW - molecular neuroscience Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173782 VL - 2017 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heuser, Christoph A1 - Gotot, Janine A1 - Piotrowski, Eveline Christina A1 - Philipp, Marie-Sophie A1 - Courrèges, Christina Johanna Felicia A1 - Otte, Martin Sylvester A1 - Guo, Linlin A1 - Schmid-Burgk, Jonathan Leo A1 - Hornung, Veit A1 - Heine, Annkristin A1 - Knolle, Percy Alexander A1 - Garbi, Natalio A1 - Serfling, Edgar A1 - Evaristo, César A1 - Thaiss, Friedrich A1 - Kurts, Christian T1 - Prolonged IKK\(\beta\) Inhibition Improves Ongoing CTL Antitumor Responses by Incapacitating Regulatory T Cells JF - Cell Reports N2 - Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmunity but limit antitumor immunity. The canonical NF-\(\kappa\)B signaling pathway both activates immunity and promotes thymic Treg development. Here, we report that mature Tregs continue to require NF-\(\kappa\)B signaling through I\(\kappa\)B-kinase \(\beta\) (IKK\(\beta\)) after thymic egress. Mice lacking IKK\(\beta\) in mature Tregs developed scurfy-like immunopathology due to death of peripheral FoxP3\(^+\) Tregs. Also, pharmacological IKK\(\beta\) inhibition reduced Treg numbers in the circulation by ~50% and downregulated FoxP3 and CD25 expression and STAT5 phosphorylation. In contrast, activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were resistant to IKK\(\beta\) inhibition because other pathways, in particular nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1) signaling, sustained their survival and expansion. In a melanoma mouse model, IKK\(\beta\) inhibition after CTL cross-priming improved the antitumor response and delayed tumor growth. In conclusion, prolonged IKK\(\beta\) inhibition decimates circulating Tregs and improves CTL responses when commenced after tumor vaccination, indicating that IKK\(\beta\) represents a druggable checkpoint. KW - medicine KW - regulatory T cells KW - NF-\(\kappa\)B pathway KW - tumor vaccination KW - checkpoint inhibition KW - cytotoxic T cells KW - cross-priming KW - apoptosis KW - tumor immunology KW - melanoma Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173643 VL - 21 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abu-Halima, Masood A1 - Häusler, Sebastian A1 - Backes, Christina A1 - Fehlmann, Tobias A1 - Staib, Claudia A1 - Nestel, Sigrun A1 - Nazarenko, Irina A1 - Meese, Eckart A1 - Keller, Andreas T1 - Micro-ribonucleic acids and extracellular vesicles repertoire in the spent culture media is altered in women undergoing \(In\) \(Vitro\) Fertilization JF - Scientific Reports N2 - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are class of small RNA molecules with major impact on gene regulation. We analyzed the potential of miRNAs secreted from pre-implantation embryos into the embryonic culture media as biomarkers to predict successful pregnancy. Using microarray analysis, we profiled the miRNome of the 56 spent culture media (SCM) after embryos transfer and found a total of 621 miRNAs in the SCM. On average, we detected 163 miRNAs in SCM of samples with failed pregnancies, but only 149 SCM miRNAs of embryos leading to pregnancies. MiR-634 predicted an embryo transfer leading to a positive pregnancy with an accuracy of 71% and a sensitivity of 85%. Among the 621 miRNAs, 102 (16.4%) showed a differential expression between positive and negative outcome of pregnancy with miR-29c-3p as the most significantly differentially expressed miRNA. The number of extracellular vehicles was lower in SCM with positive outcomes (3.8 × 10\(^9\)/mL EVs), as compared to a negative outcome (7.35 × 10\(^9\)/mL EVs) possibly explaining the reduced number of miRNAs in the SCM associated with failed pregnancies. The analysis of the miRNome in the SCM of couples undergoing fertility treatment lays the ground towards development of biomarkers to predict successful pregnancy and towards understanding the role of embryonic miRNAs found in the SCM. KW - Medicine KW - miRNAs KW - Molecular biology KW - Non-coding RNAs Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173632 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of charge and CP asymmetries in \(b\)-hadron decays using top-quark events collected by the ATLAS detector in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Same- and opposite-sign charge asymmetries are measured in lepton+jets \({t\overline{t}}\) events in which a \(b\)-hadron decays semileptonically to a soft muon, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The charge asymmetries are based on the charge of the lepton from the top-quark decay and the charge of the soft muon from the semileptonic decay of a \(b\)-hadron and are measured in a fiducial region corresponding to the experimental acceptance. Four CP asymmetries (one mixing and three direct) are measured and are found to be compatible with zero and consistent with the Standard Model. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173603 VL - 2017 IS - 02 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bousquet, J. A1 - Onorato, G. L. A1 - Bachert, C. A1 - Barbolini, M. A1 - Bedbrook, A. A1 - Bjermer, L. A1 - Correia de Sousa, J. A1 - Chavannes, N. H. A1 - Cruz, A. A. A1 - De Manuel Keenoy, E. A1 - Devillier, P. A1 - Fonseca, J. A1 - Hun, S. A1 - Kostka, T. A1 - Hellings, P. W. A1 - Illario, M. A1 - Ivancevich, J. C. A1 - Larenas-Linnemann, D. A1 - Millot-Keurinck, J. A1 - Ryan, D. A1 - Samolinski, B. A1 - Sheikh, A. A1 - Yorgancioglu, A. A1 - Agache, I. A1 - Arnavielhe, S. A1 - Bewick, M. A1 - Annesi-Maesano, I. A1 - Anto, J. M. A1 - Bergmann, K. C. A1 - Bindslev-Jensen, C. A1 - Bosnic-Anticevich, S. A1 - Bouchard, J. A1 - Caimmi, D. P. A1 - Camargos, P. A1 - Canonica, G. W. A1 - Cardona, V. A1 - Carriazo, A. M. A1 - Cingi, C. A1 - Cogan, E. A1 - Custovic, A. A1 - Dahl, R. A1 - Demoly, P. A1 - De Vries, G. A1 - Fokkens, W. J. A1 - Fontaine, J. F. A1 - Gemicioğlu, B. A1 - Guldemond, N. A1 - Gutter, Z. A1 - Haahtela, T. A1 - Hellqvist-Dahl, B. A1 - Jares, E. A1 - Joos, G. A1 - Just, J. A1 - Khaltaev, N. A1 - Keil, T. A1 - Klimek, L. A1 - Kowalski, M. L. A1 - Kull, I. A1 - Kuna, P. A1 - Kvedariene, V. A1 - Laune, D. A1 - Louis, R. A1 - Magnan, A. A1 - Malva, J. A1 - Mathieu-Dupas, E. A1 - Melén, E. A1 - Menditto, E. A1 - Morais-Almeida, M. A1 - Mösges, R. A1 - Mullol, J. A1 - Murray, R. A1 - Neffen, H. A1 - O'Hehir, R. A1 - Palkonen, S. A1 - Papadopoulos, N. G. A1 - Passalacqua, G. A1 - Pépin, J. L. A1 - Portejoie, F. A1 - Price, D. A1 - Pugin, B. A1 - Raciborski, F. A1 - Simons, F. E. R. A1 - Sova, M. A1 - Spranger, O. A1 - Stellato, C. A1 - Todo Bom, A. A1 - Tomazic, P. V. A1 - Triggiani, M. A1 - Valero, A. A1 - Valovirta, E. A1 - VandenPlas, O. A1 - Valiulis, A. A1 - van Eerd, M. A1 - Ventura, M. T. A1 - Wickmann, M. A1 - Young, I. A1 - Zuberbier, T. A1 - Zurkuhlen, A. A1 - Senn, A. T1 - CHRODIS criteria applied to the MASK (MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK) Good Practice in allergic rhinitis: a SUNFRAIL report JF - Clinical and Translational Allergy N2 - A Good Practice is a practice that works well, produces good results, and is recommended as a model. MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel Network (MASK), the new Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative, is an example of a Good Practice focusing on the implementation of multi-sectoral care pathways using emerging technologies with real life data in rhinitis and asthma multi-morbidity. The European Union Joint Action on Chronic Diseases and Promoting Healthy Ageing across the Life Cycle (JA-CHRODIS) has developed a checklist of 28 items for the evaluation of Good Practices. SUNFRAIL (Reference Sites Network for Prevention and Care of Frailty and Chronic Conditions in community dwelling persons of EU Countries), a European Union project, assessed whether MASK is in line with the 28 items of JA-CHRODIS. A short summary was proposed for each item and 18 experts, all members of ARIA and SUNFRAIL from 12 countries, assessed the 28 items using a Survey Monkey-based questionnaire. A visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 (strongly disagree) to 100 (strongly agree) was used. Agreement equal or over 75% was observed for 14 items (50%). MASK is following the JA-CHRODIS recommendations for the evaluation of Good Practices. KW - Medicine KW - Rhinitis KW - Asthma KW - CHRODIS KW - ARIA KW - MASK KW - Sunfrail KW - Good Practices Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173527 VL - 2017 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the \(ZZ\) production cross section in proton-proton collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV using the \(ZZ\) → \(ℓ^−ℓ^+ℓ^{′−}ℓ^{′+}\) and \(ZZ\) → \(ℓ^−ℓ^+{ν\overline{ν}}\) decay channels with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A measurement of the \(ZZ\) production cross section in the \(ℓ^−ℓ^+ℓ^{′−}ℓ^{′+}\) and \(ℓ^−ℓ^+{ν\overline{ν}}\) channels (ℓ = e, µ) in proton-proton collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8TeV at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2012 is presented. The fiducial cross sections for \(ZZ\) → \(ℓ^−ℓ^+ℓ^{′−}ℓ^{′+}\) and \(ZZ\) → \(ℓ^−ℓ^+{ν\overline{ν}}\) are measured in selected phase-space regions. The total cross section for \(ZZ\) events produced with both \(Z\) bosons in the mass range 66 to 116GeV is measured from the combination of the two channels to be 7.3 ± 0.4(stat) ± 0.3 (syst)\(^{−0.2}_{−0.1}\) (lumi) pb, which is consistent with the Standard Model prediction of 6.6\(^{+0.7}_{−0.6}\) pb. The differential cross sections in bins of various kinematic variables are presented. The differential event yield as a function of the transverse momentum of the leading \(Z\) boson is used to set limits on anomalous neutral triple gauge boson couplings in \(ZZ\) production. KW - high energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173616 VL - 2017 IS - 99 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berti, Stefan A1 - Vossel, Gerhard A1 - Gamer, Matthias T1 - The orienting response in healthy aging: Novelty P3 indicates no general decline but reduced efficacy for fast stimulation rates JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Automatic orienting to unexpected changes in the environment is a pre-requisite for adaptive behavior. One prominent mechanism of automatic attentional control is the Orienting Response (OR). Despite the fundamental significance of the OR in everyday life, only little is known about how the OR is affected by healthy aging. We tested this question in two age groups (19–38 and 55–72 years) and measured skin-conductance responses (SCRs) and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to novels (i.e., short environmental sounds presented only once in the experiment; 10% of the trials) compared to standard sounds (600 Hz sinusoidal tones with 200 ms duration; 90% of the trials). Novel and standard stimuli were presented in four conditions differing in the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) with a mean ISI of either 10, 3, 1, or 0.5 s (blocked presentation). In both age groups, pronounced SCRs were elicited by novels in the 10 s ISI condition, suggesting the elicitation of stable ORs. These effects were accompanied by pronounced N1 and frontal P3 amplitudes in the ERP, suggesting that automatic novelty processing and orientation of attention are effective in both age groups. Furthermore, the SCR and ERP effects declined with decreasing ISI length. In addition, differences between the two groups were observable with the fastest presentation rates (i.e., 1 and 0.5 s ISI length). The most prominent difference was a shift of the peak of the frontal positivity from around 300 to 200 ms in the 19–38 years group while in the 55–72 years group the amplitude of the frontal P3 decreased linearly with decreasing ISI length. Taken together, this pattern of results does not suggest a general decline in processing efficacy with healthy aging. At least with very rare changes (here, the novels in the 10 s ISI condition) the OR is as effective in healthy older adults as in younger adults. With faster presentation rates, however, the efficacy of the OR decreases. This seems to result in a switch from novelty to deviant processing in younger adults, but less so in the group of older adults. KW - psychology KW - attention KW - change detection KW - auditory system KW - novelty processing KW - event-related potential (ERP) KW - P300 KW - skin conductance response (SCR) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173651 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the \({t\overline{t}}Z\) and \({t\overline{t}}W\) production cross sections in multilepton final states using 3.2 fb\(^{-1}\) of \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C N2 - A measurement of the \({t\overline{t}}Z\) and \({t\overline{t}}W\) production cross sections in final states with either two same-charge muons, or three or four leptons (electrons or muons) is presented. The analysis uses a data sample of proton–proton collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb\(^{−1}\). The inclusive cross sections are extracted using likelihood fits to signal and control regions, resulting in \(\sigma_{{t\overline{t}}Z}\) = 0.9 ± 0.3 pb and \(\sigma_{{t\overline{t}}W}\) = 1.5 ± 0.8 pb, in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. KW - high energy physics KW - experimental physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173662 VL - 77 IS - 40 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Betts, Jonathan A1 - Nagel, Christopher A1 - Schatzschneider, Ulrich A1 - Poole, Robert A1 - La Ragione, Robert M. T1 - Antimicrobial activity of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br versus multidrug-resistant isolates of Avian Pathogenic \(Escherichia\) \(coli\) and its synergy with colistin JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global concern in human and veterinary medicine, with an ever-increasing void in the arsenal of clinicians. Novel classes of compounds including carbon monoxoide-releasing molecules (CORMs), for example the light-activated metal complex [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br, could be used as alternatives/to supplement traditional antibacterials. Avian pathogenic \(Escherichia\) \(coli\) (APEC) represent a large reservoir of antibiotic resistance and can cause serious clinical disease in poultry, with potential as zoonotic pathogens, due to shared serotypes and virulence factors with human pathogenic \(E.\) \(coli\). The \(in\) \(vitro\) activity of [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br against multidrug-resistant APECs was assessed via broth microtitre dilution assays and synergy testing with colistin performed using checkerboard and time-kill assays. \(In\) \(vivo\) antibacterial activity of [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br alone and in combination with colistin was determined using the \(Galleria\) \(mellonella\) wax moth larvae model. Animals were monitored for life/death, melanisation and bacterial numbers enumerated from larval haemolymph. \(In\) \(vitro\) testing produced relatively high [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1024 mg/L. However, its activity was significantly increased with the addition of colistin, bringing MICs down to \(\geq\)32 mg/L. This synergy was confirmed in time-kill assays. \(In\) \(vivo\) assays showed that the combination of [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br with colistin produced superior bacterial killing and significantly increased larval survival. In both \(in\) \(vitro\) and \(in\) \(vivo\) assays light activation was not required for antibacterial activity. This data supports further evaluation of [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br as a potential agent for treatment of systemic infections in humans and animals, when used with permeabilising agents such as colistin. KW - Chemistry KW - Larvae KW - Antibacterials KW - Antibiotics KW - Birds KW - Bacterial pathogens KW - Manganese KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Antibacterial therapy Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173687 VL - 12 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krohn-Molt, Ines A1 - Alawi, Malik A1 - Förstner, Konrad U. A1 - Wiegandt, Alena A1 - Burkhardt, Lia A1 - Indenbirken, Daniela A1 - Thieß, Melanie A1 - Grundhoff, Adam A1 - Kehr, Julia A1 - Tholey, Andreas A1 - Streit, Wolfgang R. T1 - Insights into microalga and bacteria interactions of selected phycosphere biofilms using metagenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Microalga are of high relevance for the global carbon cycling and it is well-known that they are associated with a microbiota. However, it remains unclear, if the associated microbiota, often found in phycosphere biofilms, is specific for the microalga strains and which role individual bacterial taxa play. Here we provide experimental evidence that \(Chlorella\) \(saccharophila\), \(Scenedesmus\) \(quadricauda\), and \(Micrasterias\) \(crux-melitensis\), maintained in strain collections, are associated with unique and specific microbial populations. Deep metagenome sequencing, binning approaches, secretome analyses in combination with RNA-Seq data implied fundamental differences in the gene expression profiles of the microbiota associated with the different microalga. Our metatranscriptome analyses indicates that the transcriptionally most active bacteria with respect to key genes commonly involved in plant–microbe interactions in the Chlorella (Trebouxiophyceae) and Scenedesmus (Chlorophyceae) strains belong to the phylum of the α-Proteobacteria. In contrast, in the Micrasterias (Zygnematophyceae) phycosphere biofilm bacteria affiliated with the phylum of the Bacteroidetes showed the highest gene expression rates. We furthermore show that effector molecules known from plant-microbe interactions as inducers for the innate immunity are already of relevance at this evolutionary early plant-microbiome level. KW - microbiology KW - microalga-bacteria interaction KW - phycosphere biofilm KW - metagenomics KW - metatranscriptomics KW - metaproteomics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173701 VL - 2017 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erdmenger, Johanna A1 - Fernández, Daniel A1 - Flory, Mario A1 - Megías, Eugenio A1 - Straub, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Witkowski, Piotr T1 - Time evolution of entanglement for holographic steady state formation JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Within gauge/gravity duality, we consider the local quench-like time evolution obtained by joining two 1+1-dimensional heat baths at different temperatures at time \(t\) = 0. A steady state forms and expands in space. For the 2+1-dimensional gravity dual, we find that the “shockwaves” expanding the steady-state region are of spacelike nature in the bulk despite being null at the boundary. However, they do not transport information. Moreover, by adapting the time-dependent Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi prescription, we holographically calculate the entanglement entropy and also the mutual information for different entangling regions. For general temperatures, we find that the entanglement entropy increase rate satisfies the same bound as in the ‘entanglement tsunami’ setups. For small temperatures of the two baths, we derive an analytical formula for the time dependence of the entanglement entropy. This replaces the entanglement tsunami-like behaviour seen for high temperatures. Finally, we check that strong subadditivity holds in this time-dependent system, as well as further more general entanglement inequalities for five or more regions recently derived for the static case. KW - Physics KW - AdS-CFT Correspondence KW - Gauge-gravity correspondence KW - Holography and condensed matter physics (AdS/CMT) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173798 VL - 2017 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Stephan T1 - Vom Kopf auf die Füße gestellt, auf dass die Welt kopfsteht. Bürgerliches Trauerspiel und Komödie in Karl von Holteis Trauerspiel in Berlin und Johann Nestroys Die verhängnißvolle Faschings-Nacht JF - Nestroyana N2 - Kein Abstract verfügbar. KW - Nestroy, Johann / Die verhängnisvolle Faschingsnacht KW - Holtei, Karl von / Ein Trauerspiel in Berlin Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257900 VL - 37 PB - Lehner ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraft, Stephan T1 - Hans Staden T2 - Frühe Neuzeit in Deutschland 1520-1620. Literaturwissenschaftliches Verfasserlexikon N2 - Kein Abstract verfügbar. KW - Staden, Hans Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257226 PB - Walter de Gruyter CY - Berlin u.a. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paxton, Naomi A1 - Smolan, Willi A1 - Böck, Thomas A1 - Melchels, Ferry A1 - Groll, Jürgen A1 - Jungst, Tomasz T1 - Proposal to assess printability of bioinks for extrusion-based bioprinting and evaluation of rheological properties governing bioprintability JF - Biofabrication N2 - The development and formulation of printable inks for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting has been a major challenge in the field of biofabrication. Inks, often polymer solutions with the addition of crosslinking to form hydrogels, must not only display adequate mechanical properties for the chosen application but also show high biocompatibility as well as printability. Here we describe a reproducible two-step method for the assessment of the printability of inks for bioprinting, focussing firstly on screening ink formulations to assess fibre formation and the ability to form 3D constructs before presenting a method for the rheological evaluation of inks to characterise the yield point, shear thinning and recovery behaviour. In conjunction, a mathematical model was formulated to provide a theoretical understanding of the pressure-driven, shear thinning extrusion of inks through needles in a bioprinter. The assessment methods were trialled with a commercially available crème, poloxamer 407, alginate-based inks and an alginate-gelatine composite material. Yield stress was investigated by applying a stress ramp to a number of inks, which demonstrated the necessity of high yield for printable materials. The shear thinning behaviour of the inks was then characterised by quantifying the degree of shear thinning and using the mathematical model to predict the window of printer operating parameters in which the materials could be printed. Furthermore, the model predicted high shear conditions and high residence times for cells at the walls of the needle and effects on cytocompatibility at different printing conditions. Finally, the ability of the materials to recover to their original viscosity after extrusion was examined using rotational recovery rheological measurements. Taken together, these assessment techniques revealed significant insights into the requirements for printable inks and shear conditions present during the extrusion process and allow the rapid and reproducible characterisation of a wide variety of inks for bioprinting. KW - bioprinting KW - rheology KW - modelling KW - bioink Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254061 VL - 9 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Stephan T1 - Wider den „Hauffen junger Schnautzhahnen“ : Grimmelshausens Versuch, die Erinnerung an den Dreißigjährigen Krieg in der Gegenwart festzuhalten JF - Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur N2 - This paper retraces the specific conception of the ‘present’ as manifested in Satyrischer Pilgram, Grimmelshausen’s first published work. In the face of progressively vanishing consciousness of the past terrors of the Thirty Years’ War, the Pilgram devises a program for bringing the experience of a whole generation to the present, thereby saving it for the future. Instead of delivering a general reflection on the nature of war, it suggests to narrate individually experienced “particularities.” It is crucial that all of these experiences are negative, not meant to prompt imitation, but instead rather to build and keep up a stronghold against attitudes and actions of the past. KW - Grimmelshausen KW - Dreißigjähriger Krieg Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193938 SN - 1865-9128 SN - 0340-4528 N1 - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. VL - 42 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of top quark spin observables in \(t\overline{t}\) events using dilepton final states in \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV \(pp\) collisions with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Measurements of top quark spin observables in \(t\overline{t}\) events are presented based on 20.2 fb\(^{−1}\) of \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The analysis is performed in the dilepton final state, characterised by the presence of two isolated leptons (electrons or muons). There are 15 observables, each sensitive to a different coefficient of the spin density matrix of \(t\overline{t}\) production, which are measured independently. Ten of these observables are measured for the first time. All of them are corrected for detector resolution and acceptance effects back to the parton and stable-particle levels. The measured values of the observables at parton level are compared to Standard Model predictions at next-to-leading order in QCD. The corrected distributions at stable-particle level are presented and the means of the distributions are compared to Monte Carlo predictions. No significant deviation from the Standard Model is observed for any observable. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173505 VL - 2017 IS - 03 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuznetsov, Nikolai V. A1 - Almuzzaini, Bader A1 - Kritikou, Joanna S. A1 - Baptista, Marisa A. P. A1 - Oliveira, Mariana M. S. A1 - Keszei, Marton A1 - Snapper, Scott B. A1 - Percipalle, Piergiorgio A1 - Westerberg, Lisa S. T1 - Nuclear Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein co-regulates T cell factor 1-mediated transcription in T cells JF - Genome Medicine N2 - Background The Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) family of actin-nucleating factors are present in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. The role of nuclear WASp for T cell development remains incompletely defined. Methods We performed WASp chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) in thymocytes and spleen CD4\(^+\) T cells. Results WASp was enriched at genic and intergenic regions and associated with the transcription start sites of protein-coding genes. Thymocytes and spleen CD4\(^+\) T cells showed 15 common WASp-interacting genes, including the gene encoding T cell factor (TCF)12. WASp KO thymocytes had reduced nuclear TCF12 whereas thymocytes expressing constitutively active WASp\(^{L272P}\) and WASp\(^{I296T}\) had increased nuclear TCF12, suggesting that regulated WASp activity controlled nuclear TCF12. We identify a putative DNA element enriched in WASp ChIP-seq samples identical to a TCF1-binding site and we show that WASp directly interacted with TCF1 in the nucleus. Conclusions These data place nuclear WASp in proximity with TCF1 and TCF12, essential factors for T cell development. KW - Medicine KW - WASp KW - T cells KW - ChIP-seq KW - Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome KW - TCF1 KW - TCF12 KW - Nucleus Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173486 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wohlfarth, Carolin A1 - Schmitteckert, Stefanie A1 - Härtle, Janina D. A1 - Houghton, Lesley A. A1 - Dweep, Harsh A1 - Fortea, Marina A1 - Assadi, Ghazaleh A1 - Braun, Alexander A1 - Mederer, Tanja A1 - Pöhner, Sarina A1 - Becker, Philip P. A1 - Fischer, Christine A1 - Granzow, Martin A1 - Mönnikes, Hubert A1 - Mayer, Emeran A. A1 - Sayuk, Gregory A1 - Boeckxstaens, Guy A1 - Wouters, Mira M. A1 - Simrén, Magnus A1 - Lindberg, Greger A1 - Ohlsson, Bodil A1 - Schmidt, Peter Thelin A1 - Dlugosz, Aldona A1 - Agreus, Lars A1 - Andreasson, Anna A1 - D'Amato, Mauro A1 - Burwinkel, Barbara A1 - Bermejo, Justo Lorenzo A1 - Röth, Ralph A1 - Lasitschka, Felix A1 - Vicario, Maria A1 - Metzger, Marco A1 - Santos, Javier A1 - Rappold, Gudrun A. A1 - Martinez, Cristina A1 - Niesler, Beate T1 - miR-16 and miR-103 impact 5-HT4 receptor signalling and correlate with symptom profile in irritable bowel syndrome JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gut-brain disorder involving alterations in intestinal sensitivity and motility. Serotonin 5-HT4 receptors are promising candidates in IBS pathophysiology since they regulate gut motor function and stool consistency, and targeted 5-HT4R selective drug intervention has been proven beneficial in subgroups of patients. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs201253747) c.*61 T > C within the 5-HT4 receptor gene \(HTR4\) to be predominantly present in diarrhoea-IBS patients (IBS-D). It affects a binding site for the miR-16 family and miR-103/miR-107 within the isoforms \({HTR4b/i}\) and putatively impairs \(HTR4\) expression. Subsequent miRNA profiling revealed downregulation of miR-16 and miR-103 in the jejunum of IBS-D patients correlating with symptoms. \(In\) \(vitro\) assays confirmed expression regulation via three 3′UTR binding sites. The novel isoform \(HTR4b\_2\) lacking two of the three miRNA binding sites escapes miR-16/103/107 regulationin SNP carriers. We provide the first evidence that \(HTR4\) expression is fine-tuned by miRNAs, and that this regulation is impaired either by the SNP c.*61 T > C or bydiminished levels of miR-16 and miR-103 suggesting that \(HTR4\) might be involved in the development of IBS-D. KW - Medicine KW - Gene regulation KW - Irritable bowel syndrome Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173478 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wyler, Emanuel A1 - Menegatti, Jennifer A1 - Franke, Vedran A1 - Kocks, Christine A1 - Boltengagen, Anastasiya A1 - Hennig, Thomas A1 - Theil, Kathrin A1 - Rutkowski, Andrzej A1 - Ferrai, Carmelo A1 - Baer, Laura A1 - Kermas, Lisa A1 - Friedel, Caroline A1 - Rajewsky, Nikolaus A1 - Akalin, Altuna A1 - Dölken, Lars A1 - Grässer, Friedrich A1 - Landthaler, Markus T1 - Widespread activation of antisense transcription of the host genome during herpes simplex virus 1 infection JF - Genome Biology N2 - Background Herpesviruses can infect a wide range of animal species. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is one of the eight herpesviruses that can infect humans and is prevalent worldwide. Herpesviruses have evolved multiple ways to adapt the infected cells to their needs, but knowledge about these transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications is sparse. Results Here, we show that HSV-1 induces the expression of about 1000 antisense transcripts from the human host cell genome. A subset of these is also activated by the closely related varicella zoster virus. Antisense transcripts originate either at gene promoters or within the gene body, and they show different susceptibility to the inhibition of early and immediate early viral gene expression. Overexpression of the major viral transcription factor ICP4 is sufficient to turn on a subset of antisense transcripts. Histone marks around transcription start sites of HSV-1-induced and constitutively transcribed antisense transcripts are highly similar, indicating that the genetic loci are already poised to transcribe these novel RNAs. Furthermore, an antisense transcript overlapping with the BBC3 gene (also known as PUMA) transcriptionally silences this potent inducer of apoptosis in cis. Conclusions We show for the first time that a virus induces widespread antisense transcription of the host cell genome. We provide evidence that HSV-1 uses this to downregulate a strong inducer of apoptosis. Our findings open new perspectives on global and specific alterations of host cell transcription by viruses. KW - Virology KW - Herpes KW - Virus KW - Antisense KW - Transcription KW - IncRNA KW - ICP4 KW - BBC3 KW - NFKB Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173381 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of charged-particle distributions sensitive to the underlying event in \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - We present charged-particle distributions sensitive to the underlying event, measured by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, in low-luminosity Large Hadron Collider fills corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.6 nb\(^{−1}\). The distributions were constructed using charged particles with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.5 and with transverse momentum greater than 500 MeV, in events with at least one such charged particle with transverse momentum above 1 GeV. These distributions characterise the angular distribution of energy and particle flows with respect to the charged particle with highest transverse momentum, as a function of both that momentum and of charged-particle multiplicity. The results have been corrected for detector effects and are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, experimentally establishing the level of underlying-event activity at LHC Run 2 energies and providing inputs for the development of event generator modelling. The current models in use for UE modelling typically describe this data to 5% accuracy, compared with data uncertainties of less than 1%. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173361 VL - 2017 IS - 03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the inclusive cross-sections of single top-quark and top-antiquark \(t\)-channel production in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A measurement of the \(t\)-channel single-top-quark and single-top-antiquark production cross-sections in the lepton+jets channel is presented, using 3.2 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015. Events are selected by requiring one charged lepton (electron or muon), missing transverse momentum, and two jets with high transverse momentum, exactly one of which is required to be \(b\)-tagged. Using a binned maximum-likelihood fit to the discriminant distribution of a neural network, the cross-sections are determined to be \({σ(tq)}\) = 156 ± 5 (stat.) ± 27 (syst.) ± 3 (lumi.) pb for single top-quark production and \(σ(\overline{t}q)\) = 91 ± 4 (stat.) ± 18 (syst.) ± 2 (lumi.) pb for single top-antiquark production, assuming a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV. The cross-section ratio is measured to be \(R_{t}\) = \(σ(tq)/σ(\overline{t}q)\) = 1.72 ± 0.09 (stat.) ± 0.18 (syst.). All results are in agreement with Standard Model predictions. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173357 VL - 2017 IS - 04 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lischke, Alexander A1 - Herpertz, Sabine C. A1 - Berger, Christoph A1 - Domes, Gregor A1 - Gamer, Matthias T1 - Divergent effects of oxytocin on (para-)limbic reactivity to emotional and neutral scenes in females with and without borderline personality disorder JF - Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience N2 - Borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients’ hypersensitivity for emotionally relevant stimuli has been suggested be due to abnormal activity and connectivity in (para-)limbic and prefrontal brain regions during stimulus processing. The neuropeptide oxytocin has been shown to modulate activity and functional connectivity in these brain regions, thereby optimizing the processing of emotional and neutral stimuli. To investigate whether oxytocin would be capable of attenuating BPD patients’ hypersensitivity for such stimuli, we recorded brain activity and gaze behavior during the processing of complex scenes in 51 females with and 48 without BPD after intranasal application of either oxytocin or placebo. We found divergent effects of oxytocin on BPD and healthy control (HC) participants’ (para-)limbic reactivity to emotional and neutral scenes: Oxytocin decreased amygdala and insula reactivity in BPD participants but increased it in HC participants, indicating an oxytocin-induced normalization of amygdala and insula activity during scene processing. In addition, oxytocin normalized the abnormal coupling between amygdala activity and gaze behavior across all scenes in BPD participants. Overall, these findings suggest that oxytocin may be capable of attenuating BPD patients’ hypersensitivity for complex scenes, irrespective of their valence. KW - psychology KW - oxytocin KW - amygdala KW - insula KW - borderline personality disorder KW - functional magnetic resonance imaging KW - eye tracking Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173309 VL - 12 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richard, Kyalo A1 - Abdel-Rahman, Elfatih M. A1 - Subramanian, Sevgan A1 - Nyasani, Johnson O. A1 - Thiel, Michael A1 - Jozani, Hosein A1 - Borgemeister, Christian A1 - Landmann, Tobias T1 - Maize cropping systems mapping using RapidEye observations in agro-ecological landscapes in Kenya JF - Sensors N2 - Cropping systems information on explicit scales is an important but rarely available variable in many crops modeling routines and of utmost importance for understanding pests and disease propagation mechanisms in agro-ecological landscapes. In this study, high spatial and temporal resolution RapidEye bio-temporal data were utilized within a novel 2-step hierarchical random forest (RF) classification approach to map areas of mono- and mixed maize cropping systems. A small-scale maize farming site in Machakos County, Kenya was used as a study site. Within the study site, field data was collected during the satellite acquisition period on general land use/land cover (LULC) and the two cropping systems. Firstly, non-cropland areas were masked out from other land use/land cover using the LULC mapping result. Subsequently an optimized RF model was applied to the cropland layer to map the two cropping systems (2nd classification step). An overall accuracy of 93% was attained for the LULC classification, while the class accuracies (PA: producer’s accuracy and UA: user’s accuracy) for the two cropping systems were consistently above 85%. We concluded that explicit mapping of different cropping systems is feasible in complex and highly fragmented agro-ecological landscapes if high resolution and multi-temporal satellite data such as 5 m RapidEye data is employed. Further research is needed on the feasibility of using freely available 10–20 m Sentinel-2 data for wide-area assessment of cropping systems as an important variable in numerous crop productivity models. KW - remote sensing KW - RapidEye KW - bi-temporal KW - cropping systems KW - random forest KW - Kenya Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173285 VL - 17 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid, Tobias A1 - Falter, Lena A1 - Weber, Sabine A1 - Müller, Nils A1 - Molitor, Konstantin A1 - Zeller, David A1 - Weber-Steffens, Dorothea A1 - Hehlgans, Thomas A1 - Wajant, Harald A1 - Mostböck, Sven A1 - Männel, Daniela N. T1 - Chronic inflammation increases the sensitivity of mouse Treg for TNFR2 costimulation JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2) has gained attention as a costimulatory receptor for T cells and as critical factor for the development of regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid suppressor cells. Using the TNFR2-specific agonist TNCscTNF80, direct effects of TNFR2 activation on myeloid cells and T cells were investigated in mice. \(In\) \(vitro\), TNCscTNF80 induced T cell proliferation in a costimulatory fashion, and also supported \(in\) \(vitro\) expansion of Treg cells. In addition, activation of TNFR2 retarded differentiation of bone marrow-derived immature myeloid cells in culture and reduced their suppressor function. \(In\) \(vivo\) application of TNCscTNF80-induced mild myelopoiesis in naïve mice without affecting the immune cell composition. Already a single application expanded Treg cells and improved suppression of CD4 T cells in mice with chronic inflammation. By contrast, multiple applications of the TNFR2 agonist were required to expand Treg cells in naïve mice. Improved suppression of T cell proliferation depended on expression of TNFR2 by T cells in mice repeatedly treated with TNCscTNF80, without a major contribution of TNFR2 on myeloid cells. Thus, TNFR2 activation on T cells in naïve mice can lead to immune suppression \(in\) \(vivo\). These findings support the important role of TNFR2 for Treg cells in immune regulation. KW - molecular medicine KW - inflammation KW - immune regulation KW - costimulation KW - MDSC KW - TNFR2 KW - regulatory T cell Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173259 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schielmann, Marta A1 - Szweda, Piotr A1 - Gucwa, Katarzyna A1 - Kawczyński, Marcin A1 - Milewska, Maria J. A1 - Martynow, Dorota A1 - Morschhäuser, Joachim A1 - Milewski, Sławomir T1 - Transport deficiency is the molecular basis of \(Candida\) \(albicans\) resistance to antifungal oligopeptides JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Oligopeptides incorporating \(N3\)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (FMDP), an inhibitor of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, exhibited growth inhibitory activity against \(Candida\) \(albicans\), with minimal inhibitory concentration values in the 0.05–50 μg mL\(^{-1}\) range. Uptake by the peptide permeases was found to be the main factor limiting an anticandidal activity of these compounds. Di- and tripeptide containing FMDP (F2 and F3) were transported by Ptr2p/Ptr22p peptide transporters (PTR) and FMDP-containing hexa-, hepta-, and undecapeptide (F6, F7, and F11) were taken up by the oligopeptide transporters (OPT) oligopeptide permeases, preferably by Opt2p/Opt3p. A phenotypic, apparent resistance of \(C. albicans\) to FMDP-oligopeptides transported by OPT permeases was triggered by the environmental factors, whereas resistance to those taken up by the PTR system had a genetic basis. Anticandidal activity of longer FMDP-oligopeptides was strongly diminished in minimal media containing easily assimilated ammonium sulfate or L-glutamine as the nitrogen source, both known to downregulate expression of the OPT genes. All FMDP-oligopeptides tested were more active at lower pH and this effect was slightly more remarkable for peptides F6, F7, and F11, compared to F2 and F3. Formation of isolated colonies was observed inside the growth inhibitory zones induced by F2 and F3 but not inside those induced by F6, F7, and F11. The vast majority (98%) of those colonies did not originate from truly resistant cells. The true resistance of 2% of isolates was due to the impaired transport of di- and to a lower extent, tripeptides. The resistant cells did not exhibit a lower expression of \(PTR2\), \(PTR22\), or \(OPT1–3\) genes, but mutations in the \(PTR2\) gene resulting in T422H, A320S, D119V, and A320S substitutions in the amino acid sequence of Ptr2p were found. KW - microbiology KW - Candida albicans KW - oligopeptides KW - resistance mechanism KW - permease KW - antifungals Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173245 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probing the \(W tb\) vertex structure in \(t\)-channel single-top-quark production and decay in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - To probe the \(W tb\) vertex structure, top-quark and \(W\)-boson polarisation observables are measured from \(t\)-channel single-top-quark events produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb\(^{−1}\), recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Selected events contain one isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and exactly two jets, with one of them identified as likely to contain a \(b\)-hadron. Stringent selection requirements are applied to discriminate \(t\)-channel single-top-quark events from background. The polarisation observables are extracted from asymmetries in angular distributions measured with respect to spin quantisation axes appropriately chosen for the top quark and the \(W\) boson. The asymmetry measurements are performed at parton level by correcting the observed angular distributions for detector effects and hadronisation after subtracting the background contributions. The measured top-quark and \(W\)-boson polarisation values are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. Limits on the imaginary part of the anomalous coupling \(g_R\) are also set from model independent measurements. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173234 VL - 2017 IS - 04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies of \(Zγ\) production in association with a high-mass dijet system in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - The production of a \(Z\) boson and a photon in association with a high-mass dijet system is studied using 20.2 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider. Final states with a photon and a Z boson decaying into a pair of either electrons, muons, or neutrinos are analysed. Electroweak and total \(pp\) → \(Zγjj\) cross-sections are extracted in two fiducial regions with different sensitivities to electroweak production processes. Quartic couplings of vector bosons are studied in regions of phase space with an enhanced contribution from pure electroweak production, sensitive to vector-boson scattering processes \(V V → Zγ\). No deviations from Standard Model predictions are observed and constraints are placed on anomalous couplings parameterized by higher-dimensional operators using effective field theory. KW - High energy physics KW - Electroweak interaction KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173229 VL - 2017 IS - 07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for direct top squark pair production in events with a Higgs or \(Z\) boson, and missing transverse momentum in \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV \(pp\) collisions with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A search for direct top squark pair production resulting in events with either a same-flavour opposite-sign dilepton pair with invariant mass compatible with a \(Z\) boson or a pair of jets compatible with a Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson (\(h\)) is presented. Requirements on the missing transverse momentum, together with additional selections on leptons, jets, jets identified as originating from \(b\)-quarks are imposed to target the other decay products of the top squark pair. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015–2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb\(^{-1}\). No excess is observed in the data with respect to the SM predictions. The results are interpreted in two sets of models. In the first set, direct production of pairs of lighter top squarks (\(\tilde{t}_1\)) with long decay chains involving \(Z\) or Higgs bosons is considered. The second set includes direct pair production of the heavier top squark pairs (\(\tilde{t}_2\)) decaying via \(\tilde{t}_2\) → \(Z\tilde{t}_1\) or \(\tilde{t}_2\) → \(h\tilde{t}_1\). The results exclude at 95% confidence level \(\tilde{t}_2\) and \(\tilde{t}_1\) masses up to about 800 GeV, extending the exclusion region of supersymmetric parameter space covered by previous LHC searches. KW - High energy physics KW - Beyond Standard Model KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - Higgs physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173210 VL - 2017 IS - 08 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the \(k_t\) splitting scales in \(Z → ℓℓ\) events in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=8\) TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A measurement of the splitting scales occuring in the \(k_t\) jet-clustering algorithm is presented for final states containing a \(Z\) boson. The measurement is done using 20.2 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt{s} = 8\) TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2012. The measurement is based on charged-particle track information, which is measured with excellent precision in the \(p_T\) region relevant for the transition between the perturbative and the non-perturbative regimes. The data distributions are corrected for detector effects, and are found to deviate from state-of-the-art predictions in various regions of the observables. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173180 VL - 2017 IS - 08 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Yu A1 - Pons, Valérie A1 - Goudet, Amélie A1 - Panigai, Laetitia A1 - Fischer, Annette A1 - Herweg, Jo-Ana A1 - Kali, Sabrina A1 - Davey, Robert A. A1 - Laporte, Jérôme A1 - Bouclier, Céline A1 - Yousfi, Rahima A1 - Aubenque, Céline A1 - Merer, Goulven A1 - Gobbo, Emilie A1 - Lopez, Roman A1 - Gillet, Cynthia A1 - Cojean, Sandrine A1 - Popoff, Michel R. A1 - Clayette, Pascal A1 - Le Grand, Roger A1 - Boulogne, Claire A1 - Tordo, Noël A1 - Lemichez, Emmanuel A1 - Loiseau, Philippe M. A1 - Rudel, Thomas A1 - Sauvaire, Didier A1 - Cintrat, Jean-Christophe A1 - Gillet, Daniel A1 - Barbier, Julien T1 - ABMA, a small molecule that inhibits intracellular toxins and pathogens by interfering with late endosomal compartments JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Intracellular pathogenic microorganisms and toxins exploit host cell mechanisms to enter, exert their deleterious effects as well as hijack host nutrition for their development. A potential approach to treat multiple pathogen infections and that should not induce drug resistance is the use of small molecules that target host components. We identifed the compound 1-adamantyl (5-bromo-2-methoxybenzyl) amine (ABMA) from a cell-based high throughput screening for its capacity to protect human cells and mice against ricin toxin without toxicity. This compound efciently protects cells against various toxins and pathogens including viruses, intracellular bacteria and parasite. ABMA provokes Rab7-positive late endosomal compartment accumulation in mammalian cells without affecting other organelles (early endosomes, lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum or the nucleus). As the mechanism of action of ABMA is restricted to host-endosomal compartments, it reduces cell infection by pathogens that depend on this pathway to invade cells. ABMA may represent a novel class of broad-spectrum compounds with therapeutic potential against diverse severe infectious diseases. KW - biology KW - antimicrobials KW - high-throughput screening KW - infectious diseases Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173170 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz, Herbert A1 - Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Herms, Stefan A1 - Wolf, Christiane A1 - Mirza-Schreiber, Nazanin A1 - Stegle, Oliver A1 - Czamara, Darina A1 - Forstner, Andreas J. A1 - Sivalingam, Sugirthan A1 - Schoch, Susanne A1 - Moebus, Susanne A1 - Pütz, Benno A1 - Hillmer, Axel A1 - Fricker, Nadine A1 - Vatter, Hartmut A1 - Müller-Myhsok, Bertram A1 - Nöthen, Markus M. A1 - Becker, Albert J. A1 - Hoffmann, Per A1 - Sander, Thomas A1 - Cichon, Sven T1 - Genome-wide mapping of genetic determinants influencing DNA methylation and gene expression in human hippocampus JF - Nature Communications N2 - Emerging evidence emphasizes the strong impact of regulatory genomic elements in neurodevelopmental processes and the complex pathways of brain disorders. The present genome-wide quantitative trait loci analyses explore the \(cis\)-regulatory effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on DNA methylation (meQTL) and gene expression (eQTL) in 110 human hippocampal biopsies. We identify \(cis\)-meQTLs at 14,118 CpG methylation sites and \(cis\)-eQTLs for 302 3′-mRNA transcripts of 288 genes. Hippocampal \(cis\)-meQTL-CpGs are enriched in flanking regions of active promoters, CpG island shores, binding sites of the transcription factor CTCF and brain eQTLs. \(Cis\)-acting SNPs of hippocampal meQTLs and eQTLs significantly overlap schizophrenia-associated SNPs. Correlations of CpG methylation and RNA expression are found for 34 genes. Our comprehensive maps of \(cis\)-acting hippocampal meQTLs and eQTLs provide a link between disease-associated SNPs and the regulatory genome that will improve the functional interpretation of non-coding genetic variants in the molecular genetic dissection of brain disorders. KW - psychiatry KW - epigenetics in the nervous system KW - epigenomics KW - gene expression KW - neurological disorders Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173168 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the inclusive jet cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=8\) TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Inclusive jet production cross-sections are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt{s} = 8\) TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The total integrated luminosity of the analysed data set amounts to 20.2 fb\(^{−1}\). Double-differential cross-sections are measured for jets defined by the anti-\(k_t\) jet clustering algorithm with radius parameters of \(R\) = 0.4 and \(R\) = 0.6 and are presented as a function of the jet transverse momentum, in the range between 70 GeV and 2.5 TeV and in six bins of the absolute jet rapidity, between 0 and 3.0. The measured cross-sections are compared to predictions of quantum chromodynamics, calculated at next-to-leading order in perturbation theory, and corrected for non-perturbative and electroweak effects. The level of agreement with predictions, using a selection of different parton distribution functions for the proton, is quantified. Tensions between the data and the theory predictions are observed. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - Jet physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173123 VL - 2017 IS - 09 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Skryabin, D.V. A1 - Kartashov, Y.V. A1 - Egorov, O.A. A1 - Sich, M. A1 - Chana, J.K. A1 - Tapia Rodriguez, L.E. A1 - Walker, P.M. A1 - Clarke, E. A1 - Royall, B. A1 - Skolnick, M.S. A1 - Krizhanovskii, D.N. T1 - Backward Cherenkov radiation emitted by polariton solitons in a microcavity wire JF - Nature Communications N2 - Exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities form a highly nonlinear platform to study a variety of effects interfacing optical, condensed matter, quantum and statistical physics. We show that the complex polariton patterns generated by picosecond pulses in microcavity wire waveguides can be understood as the Cherenkov radiation emitted by bright polariton solitons, which is enabled by the unique microcavity polariton dispersion, which has momentum intervals with positive and negative group velocities. Unlike in optical fibres and semiconductor waveguides, we observe that the microcavity wire Cherenkov radiation is predominantly emitted with negative group velocity and therefore propagates backwards relative to the propagation direction of the emitting soliton. We have developed a theory of the microcavity wire polariton solitons and of their Cherenkov radiation and conducted a series of experiments, where we have measured polariton-soliton pulse compression, pulse breaking and emission of the backward Cherenkov radiation. KW - physics KW - polaritons KW - solitons Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173046 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tuan, Dinh Van A1 - Scharf, Benedikt A1 - Žutič, Igor A1 - Dery, Hanan T1 - Marrying excitons and plasmons in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides JF - Physical Review X N2 - Just as photons are the quanta of light, plasmons are the quanta of orchestrated charge-density oscillations in conducting media. Plasmon phenomena in normal metals, superconductors, and doped semiconductors are often driven by long-wavelength Coulomb interactions. However, in crystals whose Fermi surface is comprised of disconnected pockets in the Brillouin zone, collective electron excitations can also attain a shortwave component when electrons transition between these pockets. In this work, we show that the band structure of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides gives rise to an intriguing mechanism through which shortwave plasmons are paired up with excitons. The coupling elucidates the origin for the optical sideband that is observed repeatedly in monolayers of WSe\(_2\) and WS\(_2\) but not understood. The theory makes it clear why exciton-plasmon coupling has the right conditions to manifest itself distinctly only in the optical spectra of electron-doped tungsten-based monolayers. KW - physics KW - excitons KW - plasmons KW - semiconductors KW - spintronics KW - valleytronics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173030 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Ulf Krister A1 - Keller, Ramona Luise A1 - Walter, Christian A1 - Mittag, Falk T1 - Predictability of the effects of facet joint infiltration in the degenerate lumbar spine when assessing MRI scans JF - Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research N2 - Background Imaging results are frequently considered as hallmarks of disease by spine surgeons to plan their future treatment strategy. Numerous classification systems have been proposed to quantify or grade lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and thus objectify imaging findings. The clinical impact of the measured parameters remains, however, unclear. To evaluate the pathological significance of imaging findings in patients with multisegmental degenerative findings, clinicians can perform image-guided local infiltrations to target defined areas such as the facet joints. The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the correlation of MRI facet joint degeneration and spinal stenosis measurements with improvement obtained by image-guided intraarticular facet joint infiltration. Methods Fifty MRI scans of patients with chronic lumbar back pain were graded radiologically using a wide range of classification and measurement systems. The reported effect of facet joint injections at the site was recorded, and a comparative analysis performed. Results When we allocated patients according to their reported pain relief, 27 showed no improvement (0–30%), 16 reported good improvement (31–75%) and 7 reported excellent improvement (> 75%). MRI features assessed in this study did, however, not show any relevant correlation with reported pain after facet joint infiltration: Values for Kendall’s tau ranged from \(\tau\) = − 0.190 for neuroforaminal stenosis grading as suggested by Lee, to \(\tau\) = 0.133 for posterior disc height as proposed by Hasegawa. Conclusion Despite the trend in evidence-based medicine to provide medical algorithms, our findings underline the continuing need for individualised spine care that, along with imaging techniques or targeted infiltrations, includes diagnostic dimensions such as good patient history and clinical examination to formulate a diagnosis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03308149, retrospectively registered October 2017 KW - medicine KW - lumbar spinal stenosis KW - lumbar degenerative disease KW - MRI KW - facet joint degeneration KW - facet joint injection Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173027 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kingslake, Jonathan A1 - Dias, Rebecca A1 - Dawson, Gerard R. A1 - Simon, Judit A1 - Goodwin, Guy M. A1 - Harmer, Catherine J. A1 - Morriss, Richard A1 - Brown, Susan A1 - Guo, Boliang A1 - Dourish, Colin T. A1 - Ruhé, Henricus G. A1 - Lever, Anne G. A1 - Veltman, Dick J. A1 - van Schaik, Anneke A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Stäblein, Michael A1 - Menke, Andreas A1 - Gorwood, Philip A1 - Voegeli, Géraldine A1 - Perez, Victor A1 - Browning, Michael T1 - The effects of using the PReDicT Test to guide the antidepressant treatment of depressed patients: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial JF - Trials N2 - Background Antidepressant medication is commonly used to treat depression. However, many patients do not respond to the first medication prescribed and improvements in symptoms are generally only detectable by clinicians 4–6 weeks after the medication has been initiated. As a result, there is often a long delay between the decision to initiate an antidepressant medication and the identification of an effective treatment regimen. Previous work has demonstrated that antidepressant medications alter subtle measures of affective cognition in depressed patients, such as the appraisal of facial expression. Furthermore, these cognitive effects of antidepressants are apparent early in the course of treatment and can also predict later clinical response. This trial will assess whether an electronic test of affective cognition and symptoms (the Predicting Response to Depression Treatment Test; PReDicT Test) can be used to guide antidepressant treatment in depressed patients and, therefore, hasten treatment response compared to a control group of patients treated as usual. Methods/design The study is a randomised, two-arm, multi-centre, open-label, clinical investigation of a medical device, the PReDicT Test. It will be conducted in five European countries (UK, France, Spain, Germany and the Netherlands) in depressed patients who are commencing antidepressant medication. Patients will be randomised to treatment guided by the PReDicT Test (PReDicT arm) or to Treatment as Usual (TaU arm). Patients in the TaU arm will be treated as per current standard guidelines in their particular country. Patients in the PReDicT arm will complete the PReDicT Test after 1 (and if necessary, 2) weeks of treatment. If the test indicates non-response to the treatment, physicians will be advised to immediately alter the patient’s antidepressant therapy by dose escalation or switching to another compound. The primary outcome of the study is the proportion of patients showing a clinical response (defined as 50% or greater decrease in baseline scores of depressionmeasured using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms – Self-Rated questionnaire) at week 8. Health economic and acceptability data will also be collected and analysed. Discussion This trial will test the clinical efficacy, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of using the novel PReDicT Test to guide antidepressant treatment selection in depressed patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02790970. Registered on 30 March 2016. KW - psychiatry KW - depression KW - prediction KW - treatment KW - antidepressant KW - primary care Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173012 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lukeš, Tomáš A1 - Glatzová, Daniela A1 - Kvíčalová, Zuzana A1 - Levet, Florian A1 - Benda, Aleš A1 - Letschert, Sebastian A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Brdička, Tomáš A1 - Lasser, Theo A1 - Cebecauer, Marek T1 - Quantifying protein densities on cell membranes using super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging JF - Nature Communications N2 - Quantitative approaches for characterizing molecular organization of cell membrane molecules under physiological and pathological conditions profit from recently developed super-resolution imaging techniques. Current tools employ statistical algorithms to determine clusters of molecules based on single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) data. These approaches are limited by the ability of SMLM techniques to identify and localize molecules in densely populated areas and experimental conditions of sample preparation and image acquisition. We have developed a robust, model-free, quantitative clustering analysis to determine the distribution of membrane molecules that excels in densely labeled areas and is tolerant to various experimental conditions, i.e. multiple-blinking or high blinking rates. The method is based on a TIRF microscope followed by a super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) analysis. The effectiveness and robustness of the method is validated using simulated and experimental data investigating nanoscale distribution of CD4 glycoprotein mutants in the plasma membrane of T cells. KW - biology KW - fluorescence imaging KW - imaging the immune system KW - super-resolution microscopy Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172993 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sánchez, Rafael A1 - Thierschmann, Holger A1 - Molenkamp, Laurens W. T1 - Single-electron thermal devices coupled to a mesoscopic gate JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - We theoretically investigate the propagation of heat currents in a three-terminal quantum dot engine. Electron–electron interactions introduce state-dependent processes which can be resolved by energy-dependent tunneling rates. We identify the relevant transitions which define the operation of the system as a thermal transistor or a thermal diode. In the former case, thermal-induced charge fluctuations in the gate dot modify the thermal currents in the conductor with suppressed heat injection, resulting in huge amplification factors and the possible gating with arbitrarily low energy cost. In the latter case, enhanced correlations of the state-selective tunneling transitions redistribute heat flows giving high rectification coefficients and the unexpected cooling of one conductor terminal by heating the other one. We propose quantum dot arrays as a possible way to achieve the extreme tunneling asymmetries required for the different operations. KW - physics KW - quantum dot KW - heat currents KW - thermal devices KW - single-electron tunneling Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172982 VL - 19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for new phenomena in a lepton plus high jet multiplicity final state with the ATLAS experiment using \(\sqrt{s}=13\) TeV proton-proton collision data JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A search for new phenomena in final states characterized by high jet multiplicity, an isolated lepton (electron or muon) and either zero or at least three \(b\)-tagged jets is presented. The search uses 36.1 fb\(^{−1}\) of \(\sqrt{s}=13\) TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016. The dominant sources of background are estimated using parameterized extrapolations, based on observables at medium jet multiplicity, to predict the \(b\)-tagged jet multiplicity distribution at the higher jet multiplicities used in the search. No significant excess over the Standard Model expectation is observed and 95% confidence-level limits are extracted constraining four simplified models of \(R\)-parity-violating supersymmetry that feature either gluino or top-squark pair production. The exclusion limits reach as high as 2.1 TeV in gluino mass and 1.2 TeV in top-squark mass in the models considered. In addition, an upper limit is set on the cross-section for Standard Model \(t\overline{t}t\overline{t}\) production of 60 fb (6.5 × the Standard Model prediction) at 95% confidence level. Finally, model-independent limits are set on the contribution from new phenomena to the signal-region yields. KW - High energy physics KW - Beyond Standard Model KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172802 VL - 2017 IS - 09 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grünblatt, Edna A1 - Oneda, Beatrice A1 - Ekici, Arif B. A1 - Ball, Juliane A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Uebe, Steffen A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Rauch, Anita A1 - Walitza, Susanne T1 - High resolution chromosomal microarray analysis in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder JF - BMC Medical Genomics N2 - Background Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common and chronic disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts and behaviours. It is a complex genetic condition and, in case of early onset (EO), the patients manifest a more severe phenotype, and an increased heritability. Large (>500 kb) copy number variations (CNVs) previously associated with autism and schizophrenia have been reported in OCD. Recently, rare CNVs smaller than 500 kb overlapping risk loci for other neurodevelopmental conditions have also been reported in OCD, stressing the importance of examining CNVs of any size range. The aim of this study was to further investigate the role of rare and small CNVs in the aetiology of EO-OCD. Methods We performed high-resolution chromosomal microarray analysis in 121 paediatric OCD patients and in 124 random controls to identify rare CNVs (>50 kb) which might contribute to EO-OCD. Results The frequencies and the size of the observed rare CNVs in the patients did not differ from the controls. However, we observed a significantly higher frequency of rare CNVs affecting brain related genes, especially deletions, in the patients (OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.02–3.84; OR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.14–11.41, respectively). Similarly, enrichment-analysis of CNVs gene content, performed with three independent methods, confirmed significant clustering of predefined genes involved in synaptic/brain related functional pathways in the patients but not in the controls. In two patients we detected \(de-novo\) CNVs encompassing genes previously associated with different neurodevelopmental disorders \(\textit{NRXN1, ANKS1B, UHRF1BP1}\)). Conclusions Our results further strengthen the role of small rare CNVs, particularly deletions, as susceptibility factors for paediatric OCD. KW - Medicine KW - OCD KW - CNV KW - Enrichment analysis KW - De-novo KW - Early-onset Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172791 VL - 10 IS - 68 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for supersymmetry in final states with two same-sign or three leptons and jets using 36 fb\(^{−1}\) of \(\sqrt{s}=13\) TeV \(pp\) collision data with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A search for strongly produced supersymmetric particles using signatures involving multiple energetic jets and either two isolated same-sign leptons (\(e\) or \(µ\)), or at least three isolated leptons, is presented. The analysis relies on the identification of \(b\)-jets and high missing transverse momentum to achieve good sensitivity. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at \(\sqrt{s} = 13\) TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb\(^{−1}\), is used for the search. No significant excess over the Standard Model prediction is observed. The results are interpreted in several simplified supersymmetric models featuring \(R\)-parity conservation or \(R\)-parity violation, extending the exclusion limits from previous searches. In models considering gluino pair production, gluino masses are excluded up to 1.87 TeV at 95% confidence level. When bottom squarks are pair-produced and decay to a chargino and a top quark, models with bottom squark masses below 700 GeV and light neutralinos are excluded at 95% confidence level. In addition, model-independent limits are set on a possible contribution of new phenomena to the signal region yields. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - Supersymmetry Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172787 VL - 2017 IS - 09 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tymoshenko, Y. V. A1 - Onykiienko, Y. A. A1 - Müller, T. A1 - Thomale, R. A1 - Rachel, S. A1 - Cameron, A. S. A1 - Portnichenko, P. Y. A1 - Efremov, D. V. A1 - Tsurkan, V. A1 - Abernathy, D. L. A1 - Ollivier, J. A1 - Schneidewind, A. A1 - Piovano, A. A1 - Felea, V. A1 - Loidl, A. A1 - Inosov, D. S. T1 - Pseudo-Goldstone magnons in the frustrated \(S=3/2\) Heisenberg helimagnet \(ZnCr_2Se_4\) with a pyrochlore magnetic sublattice JF - Physical Review X N2 - Low-energy spin excitations in any long-range ordered magnetic system in the absence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy are gapless Goldstone modes emanating from the ordering wave vectors. In helimagnets, these modes hybridize into the so-called helimagnon excitations. Here we employ neutron spectroscopy supported by theoretical calculations to investigate the magnetic excitation spectrum of the isotropic Heisenberg helimagnet \({ZnCr_2Se_4}\) with a cubic spinel structure, in which spin\(-3/2\) magnetic \({Cr^{3+}}\) ions are arranged in a geometrically frustrated pyrochlore sublattice. Apart from the conventional Goldstone mode emanating from the \((0~ 0~ {q_h})\) ordering vector, low-energy magnetic excitations in the single-domain proper-screw spiral phase show soft helimagnon modes with a small energy gap of \({∼0.17~ meV}\), emerging from two orthogonal wave vectors \(({q_h}~ 0~ 0)\) and \({(0~ {q_h}~ 0)}\) where no magnetic Bragg peaks are present. We term them pseudo-Goldstone magnons, as they appear gapless within linear spinwave theory and only acquire a finite gap due to higher-order quantum-fluctuation corrections. Our results are likely universal for a broad class of symmetric helimagnets, opening up a new way of studying weak magnon-magnon interactions with accessible spectroscopic methods. KW - physics KW - spin waves KW - helimagnets KW - inelastic neutron scattering Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172770 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Top-quark mass measurement in the all-hadronic \(t\overline{t}\) decay channel at \(\sqrt{s}=8\) TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - The top-quark mass is measured in the all-hadronic top-antitop quark decay channel using proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt{s}=8\) TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data set used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb\(^{−1}\). The large multi-jet background is modelled using a data-driven method. The top-quark mass is obtained from template fits to the ratio of the three-jet to the dijet mass. The three-jet mass is obtained from the three jets assigned to the top quark decay. From these three jets the dijet mass is obtained using the two jets assigned to the W boson decay. The top-quark mass is measured to be 173.72 ± 0.55 (stat.) ± 1.01 (syst.) GeV. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - Top physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172762 VL - 2017 IS - 09 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Searches for the \(Z\)γ decay mode of the Higgs boson and for new high-mass resonances in \({pp}\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - This article presents searches for the \({Zγ}\) decay of the Higgs boson and for narrow high-mass resonances decaying to \(Z\)γ, exploiting \(Z\) boson decays to pairs of electrons or muons. The data analysis uses 36.1 fb\(^{−1}\) of \({pp}\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=13\) recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data are found to be consistent with the expected Standard Model background. The observed (expected — assuming Standard Model \({pp} → H → {Z}γ\) production and decay) upper limit on the production cross section times the branching ratio for \({pp} → H → {Z}γ\) is 6.6. (5.2) times the Standard Model prediction at the 95% confidence level for a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 GeV. In addition, upper limits are set on the production cross section times the branching ratio as a function of the mass of a narrow resonance between 250 GeV and 2.4 TeV, assuming spin-0 resonances produced via gluon-gluon fusion, and spin-2 resonances produced via gluon-gluon or quark-antiquark initial states. For high-mass spin-0 resonances, the observed (expected) limits vary between 88 fb (61 fb) and 2.8 fb (2.7 fb) for the mass range from 250 GeV to 2.4 TeV at the 95% confidence level. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - Higgs physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172751 VL - 2017 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Sigrun Ruth A1 - Böttger, Fanny A1 - Range, Ursula A1 - Lück, Christian A1 - Morbach, Henner A1 - Girschick, Hermann Joseph A1 - Suttorp, Meinolf A1 - Hedrich, Christian Michael T1 - Serum interleukin-6 and CCL11/eotaxin may be suitable biomarkers for the diagnosis of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis JF - Frontiers in Pediatrics N2 - Objectives: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), the most severe form of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), is an autoinflammatory bone disorder. In the absence of diagnostic criteria or biomarkers, CNO/CRMO remains a diagnosis of exclusion. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers for diagnosing multifocal disease (CRMO). Study design: Sera from 71 pediatric CRMO patients, 11 patients with osteoarticular infections, 62 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 7 patients with para-infectious or reactive arthritis, and 43 patients with acute leukemia or lymphoma, as well as 59 healthy individuals were collected. Multiplex analysis of 18 inflammation- and/or bone remodeling-associated serum proteins was performed. Statistical analysis included univariate ANOVA, discriminant analysis, univariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and logistic regression analyses. Results: For 14 of 18 blood serum proteins, significant differences were determined between CRMO patients, at least one alternative diagnosis, or healthy controls. Multi-component discriminant analysis delivered five biomarkers (IL-6, CCL11/eotaxin, CCL5/RANTES, collagen Iα, sIL-2R) for the diagnosis of CRMO. ROC analysis allowed further reduction to a core set of 2 biomarkers (CCL11/eotaxin, IL-6) that are sufficient to discern between CRMO, healthy controls, and alternative diagnoses. Conclusion: Serum biomarkers CCL11/eotaxin and IL-6 differentiate between patients with CRMO, healthy controls, and alternative diagnoses (leukemia and lymphoma, osteoarticular infections, para-infectious arthritis, and JIA). Easily accessible biomarkers may aid in diagnosing CRMO. Further studies testing biomarkers in larger unrelated cohorts are warranted. KW - medicine KW - chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis KW - chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis KW - inflammation KW - biomarker KW - autoinflammation KW - diagnosis Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172744 VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kasaragod, Prasad A1 - Midekessa, Getnet B. A1 - Sridhar, Shruthi A1 - Schmitz, Werner A1 - Kiema, Tiila-Riikka A1 - Hiltunen, Jukka K. A1 - Wierenga, Rik K. T1 - Structural enzymology comparisons of multifunctional enzyme, type-1 (MFE1): the flexibility of its dehydrogenase part JF - FEBS Open Bio N2 - Multifunctional enzyme, type-1 (MFE1) is a monomeric enzyme with a 2E-enoyl-CoA hydratase and a 3S-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) active site. Enzyme kinetic data of rat peroxisomal MFE1 show that the catalytic efficiencies for converting the short-chain substrate 2E-butenoyl-CoA into acetoacetyl-CoA are much lower when compared with those of the homologous monofunctional enzymes. The mode of binding of acetoacetyl-CoA (to the hydratase active site) and the very similar mode of binding of NAD\(^+\) and NADH (to the HAD part) are described and compared with those of their monofunctional counterparts. Structural comparisons suggest that the conformational flexibility of the HAD and hydratase parts of MFE1 are correlated. The possible importance of the conformational flexibility of MFE1 for its biocatalytic properties is discussed. KW - biology KW - CoA KW - crotonase KW - dehydrogenase KW - NAD KW - substrate channeling Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172732 VL - 7 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections in the \(H\) → \({ZZ}^*\) → \(4{ℓ}\) decay channel in \({pp}\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s} = 13\) TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Inclusive and differential fiducial cross sections of Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions are measured in the \(H\) → \({ZZ^*}\) → \(4{ℓ}\) decay channel. The proton-proton collision data were produced at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb\(^{−1}\). The inclusive fiducial cross section in the \(H\) → \({ZZ^*}\) → \(4{ℓ}\) decay channel is measured to be 3.62 ± 0.50(stat)\(^{+0.25}_{− 0.20}\) (sys) fb, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction of 2.91 ± 0.13 fb. The cross section is also extrapolated to the total phase space including all Standard Model Higgs boson decays. Several differential fiducial cross sections are measured for observables sensitive to the Higgs boson production and decay, including kinematic distributions of jets produced in association with the Higgs boson. Good agreement is found between data and Standard Model predictions. The results are used to put constraints on anomalous Higgs boson interactions with Standard Model particles, using the pseudo-observable extension to the kappa-framework. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - Higgs physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172724 VL - 2017 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Temme, Sebastian A1 - Friebe, Daniela A1 - Schmidt, Timo A1 - Poschmann, Gereon A1 - Hesse, Julia A1 - Steckel, Bodo A1 - Stühler, Kai A1 - Kunz, Meik A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Ding, Zhaoping A1 - Akhyari, Payam A1 - Lichtenberg, Artur A1 - Schrader, Jürgen T1 - Genetic profiling and surface proteome analysis of human atrial stromal cells and rat ventricular epicardium-derived cells reveals novel insights into their cardiogenic potential JF - Stem Cell Research N2 - Epicardium-derived cells (EPDC) and atrial stromal cells (ASC) display cardio-regenerative potential, but the molecular details are still unexplored. Signals which induce activation, migration and differentiation of these cells are largely unknown. Here we have isolated rat ventricular EPDC and rat/human ASC and performed genetic and proteomic profiling. EPDC and ASC expressed epicardial/mesenchymal markers (WT-1, Tbx18, CD73,CD90, CD44, CD105), cardiac markers (Gata4, Tbx5, troponin T) and also contained phosphocreatine. We used cell surface biotinylation to isolate plasma membrane proteins of rEPDC and hASC, Nano-liquid chromatography with subsequent mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis identified 396 rat and 239 human plasma membrane proteins with 149 overlapping proteins. Functional GO-term analysis revealed several significantly enriched categories related to extracellular matrix (ECM), cell migration/differentiation, immunology or angiogenesis. We identified receptors for ephrin and growth factors (IGF, PDGF, EGF, anthrax toxin) known to be involved in cardiac repair and regeneration. Functional category enrichment identified clusters around integrins, PI3K/Akt-signaling and various cardiomyopathies. Our study indicates that EPDC and ASC have a similar molecular phenotype related to cardiac healing/regeneration. The cell surface proteome repository will help to further unravel the molecular details of their cardio-regenerative potential and their role in cardiac diseases. KW - Biology KW - Epicardium-derived cells KW - Human atrial stromal cells KW - Cell surface proteomics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172716 VL - 25 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costea, Paul I. A1 - Coelho, Louis Pedro A1 - Sunagawa, Shinichi A1 - Munch, Robin A1 - Huerta-Cepas, Jaime A1 - Forslund, Kristoffer A1 - Hildebrand, Falk A1 - Kushugulova, Almagul A1 - Zeller, Georg A1 - Bork, Peer T1 - Subspecies in the global human gut microbiome JF - Molecular Systems Biology N2 - Population genomics of prokaryotes has been studied in depth in only a small number of primarily pathogenic bacteria, as genome sequences of isolates of diverse origin are lacking for most species. Here, we conducted a large‐scale survey of population structure in prevalent human gut microbial species, sampled from their natural environment, with a culture‐independent metagenomic approach. We examined the variation landscape of 71 species in 2,144 human fecal metagenomes and found that in 44 of these, accounting for 72% of the total assigned microbial abundance, single‐nucleotide variation clearly indicates the existence of sub‐populations (here termed subspecies). A single subspecies (per species) usually dominates within each host, as expected from ecological theory. At the global scale, geographic distributions of subspecies differ between phyla, with Firmicutes subspecies being significantly more geographically restricted. To investigate the functional significance of the delineated subspecies, we identified genes that consistently distinguish them in a manner that is independent of reference genomes. We further associated these subspecies‐specific genes with properties of the microbial community and the host. For example, two of the three Eubacterium rectale subspecies consistently harbor an accessory pro‐inflammatory flagellum operon that is associated with lower gut community diversity, higher host BMI, and higher blood fasting insulin levels. Using an additional 676 human oral samples, we further demonstrate the existence of niche specialized subspecies in the different parts of the oral cavity. Taken together, we provide evidence for subspecies in the majority of abundant gut prokaryotes, leading to a better functional and ecological understanding of the human gut microbiome in conjunction with its host. KW - biology KW - genetic variation KW - metagenomics KW - microbiome KW - population structure KW - prokaryotic subspecies Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172674 VL - 13 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schampel, Andrea A1 - Kuerten, Stefanie T1 - Danger: high voltage - the role of voltage-gated calcium channels in central nervous system pathology JF - Cells N2 - Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are widely distributed within the central nervous system (CNS) and presumed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of a broad spectrum of CNS disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease as well as multiple sclerosis. Several calcium channel blockers have been in clinical practice for many years so that their toxicity and side effects are well studied. However, these drugs are primarily used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and most if not all effects on brain functions are secondary to peripheral effects on blood pressure and circulation. While the use of calcium channel antagonists for the treatment of CNS diseases therefore still heavily depends on the development of novel strategies to specifically target different channels and channel subunits, this review is meant to provide an impulse to further emphasize the importance of future research towards this goal. KW - cells KW - calcium KW - calcium channel antagonists KW - CNS KW - EAE KW - neurodegeneration KW - MS KW - regeneration KW - remyelination Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172653 VL - 6 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for top quark decays \(t → qH\), with \(H → γγ\), in \(\sqrt{s} = 13\) TeV \(pp\) collisions using the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - This article presents a search for flavour-changing neutral currents in the decay of a top quark into an up-type (\({q = c, u}\)) quark and a Higgs boson, where the Higgs boson decays into two photons. The proton-proton collision data set analysed amounts to 36.1 fb\(^{−1}\) at \(\sqrt{s} = 13\) TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Top quark pair events are searched for, where one top quark decays into \(qH\) and the other decays into \(bW\). Both the hadronic and leptonic decay modes of the \(W\) boson are used. No significant excess is observed and an upper limit is set on the \({t → cH}\) branching ratio of 2.2 × 10\(^{−3}\) at the 95% confidence level, while the expected limit in the absence of signal is 1.6 × 10\(^{−3}\). The corresponding limit on the \(tcH\) coupling is 0.090 at the 95% confidence level. The observed upper limit on the \({t → uH}\) branching ratio is 2.4 × 10\(^{−3}\). KW - High energy physics KW - Flavour changing neutral currents KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - Higgs physics KW - Top physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172568 VL - 2017 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of \(b\)-hadron pair production with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=8\) TeV JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A measurement of \(b\)-hadron pair production is presented, based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 11.4 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collisions recorded at \(\sqrt{s}=8\) TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are selected in which a \(b\)-hadron is reconstructed in a decay channel containing \(J/ψ → μμ\), and a second \(b\)-hadron is reconstructed in a decay channel containing a muon. Results are presented in a fiducial volume defined by kinematic requirements on three muons based on those used in the analysis. The fiducial cross section is measured to be 17.7 ± 0.1(stat.) ± 2.0(syst.) nb. A number of normalised differential cross sections are also measured, and compared to predictions from the PHYTHIA8, HERWIG++, MADGRAPH5_AMC@NLO+PYTHIA8 and SHERPA event generators, providing new constraints on heavy flavour production. KW - High energy physics KW - B physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172414 VL - 2017 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adrián-Martínez, S. A1 - Albert, A. A1 - André, M. A1 - Anghinolfi, M. A1 - Anton, G. A1 - Ardid, M. A1 - Aubert, J.-J. A1 - Baret, B. A1 - Barrios-Marti, J. A1 - Basa, S. A1 - Bertin, V. A1 - Biagi, S. A1 - Bormuth, R. A1 - Bouwhuis, M.C. A1 - Bruijn, R. A1 - Brunner, J. A1 - Buto, J. A1 - Capone, A. A1 - Caramete, L. A1 - Carr, J. A1 - Chiarusi, T. A1 - Circella, M. A1 - Coniglione, R. A1 - Costantini, H. A1 - Coyle, P. A1 - Creusot, A. A1 - Dekeyser, I. A1 - Deschamps, A. A1 - De Bonis, G. A1 - Distefano, C. T1 - Stacked search for time shifted high energy neutrinos from gamma ray bursts with the ANTARES neutrino telescope JF - European Physical Journal C N2 - A search for high-energy neutrino emission correlated with gamma-ray bursts outside the electromagnetic prompt-emission time window is presented. Using a stacking approach of the time delays between reported gamma-ray burst alerts and spatially coincident muon-neutrino signatures, data from the Antares neutrino telescope recorded between 2007 and 2012 are analysed. One year of public data from the IceCube detector between 2008 and 2009 have been also investigated. The respective timing profiles are scanned for statistically significant accumulations within 40 days of the Gamma Ray Burst, as expected from Lorentz Invariance Violation effects and some astrophysical models. No significant excess over the expected accidental coincidence rate could be found in either of the two data sets. The average strength of the neutrino signal is found to be fainter than one detectable neutrino signal per hundred gamma-ray bursts in the Antares data at 90% confidence level. KW - Search window KW - Neutrino data KW - Neutrino telescope KW - Neutrino emission KW - Accidental coincidence KW - Gamma-ray bursts Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181251 VL - 77 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamaze, Angelique A1 - Öztürk-Çolak, Arzu A1 - Fischer, Robin A1 - Peschel, Nicolai A1 - Koh, Kyunghee A1 - Jepson, James E. C. T1 - Regulation of sleep plasticity by a thermo-sensitive circuit in Drosophila JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Sleep is a highly conserved and essential behaviour in many species, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In the wild, sensory signalling encoding environmental information must be integrated with sleep drive to ensure that sleep is not initiated during detrimental conditions. However, the molecular and circuit mechanisms by which sleep timing is modulated by the environment are unclear. Here we introduce a novel behavioural paradigm to study this issue. We show that in male fruit flies, onset of the daytime siesta is delayed by ambient temperatures above 29°C. We term this effect Prolonged Morning Wakefulness (PMW). We show that signalling through the TrpA1 thermo-sensor is required for PMW, and that TrpA1 specifically impacts siesta onset, but not night sleep onset, in response to elevated temperatures. We identify two critical TrpA1-expressing circuits and show that both contact DN1p clock neurons, the output of which is also required for PMW. Finally, we identify the circadian blue-light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME as a molecular regulator of PMW, and propose a model in which the Drosophila nervous system integrates information encoding temperature, light, and time to dynamically control when sleep is initiated. Our results provide a platform to investigate how environmental inputs co-ordinately regulate sleep plasticity. KW - Circadian rhythms and sleep KW - Genetics KW - Drosophila melanogaster Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181146 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shiban, Youssef A1 - Diemer, Julia A1 - Müller, Jana A1 - Brütting-Schick, Johanna A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Mühlberger, Andreas T1 - Diaphragmatic breathing during virtual reality exposure therapy for aviophobia: functional coping strategy or avoidance behavior? A pilot study JF - BMC Psychiatry N2 - Background: Although there is solid evidence for the efficacy of in vivo and virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy for a specific phobia, there is a significant debate over whether techniques promoting distraction or relaxation have impairing or enhancing effects on treatment outcome. In the present pilot study, we investigated the effect of diaphragmatic breathing (DB) as a relaxation technique during VR exposure treatment. Method: Twenty-nine patients with aviophobia were randomly assigned to VR exposure treatment either with or without diaphragmatic breathing (six cycles per minute). Subjective fear ratings, heart rate and skin conductance were assessed as indicators of fear during both the exposure and the test session one week later. Results: The group that experienced VR exposure combined with diaphragmatic breathing showed a higher tendency to effectively overcome the fear of flying. Psychophysiological measures of fear decreased and self-efficacy increased in both groups with no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that diaphragmatic breathing during VR exposure does not interfere with the treatment outcome and may even enhance treatment effects of VR exposure therapy for aviophobic patients. KW - Virtual reality KW - Exposure therapy KW - Diaphragmatic breathing KW - Aviophobia KW - Experimental study Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181007 VL - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neuchel, Christine A1 - Fürst, Daniel A1 - Niederwieser, Dietger A1 - Bunjes, Donald A1 - Tsamadou, Chrysanthi A1 - Wulf, Gerald A1 - Pfreundschuh, Michael A1 - Wagner, Eva A1 - Stuhler, Gernot A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Schrezenmeier, Hubert A1 - Mytilineos, Joannis T1 - Impact of donor activating KIR genes on HSCT outcome in C1-ligand negative myeloid disease patients transplanted with unrelated donors - a retrospective study JF - PLOS One N2 - Natural Killer cells (NK) are lymphocytes with the potential to recognize and lyse cells which escaped T-cell mediated lysis due to their aberrant HLA expression profiles. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) influence NK-cell activity by mediation of activating or inhibitory signals upon interaction with HLA-C (C1, C2) ligands. Therefore, absence of ligands for donor inhibitory KIRs following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may have an influence on its outcome. Previous studies showed that C1 negative patients have a decreased HSCT outcome. Our study, based on a cohort of 200 C1-negative patients, confirmed these findings for the endpoints: overall survival (OS: HR = 1.41, CI = 1.14–1.74, p = 0.0012), disease free survival (DFS: HR = 1.27, CI = 1.05–1.53, p = 0.015), treatment related mortality (TRM: HR = 1.41, CI = 1.01–1.96, p = 0.04), and relapse incidence (RI: HR = 1.33, CI = 1.01–1.75, p = 0.04) all being inferior when compared to C1-positive patients (n = 1246). Subsequent analysis showed that these findings applied for patients with myeloid malignancies but not for patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (OS: myeloid: HR = 1.51, CI = 1.15–1.99, p = 0.003; lymphoblastic: HR = 1.26, CI = 0.91–1.75, p = 0.16; DFS: myeloid: HR = 1.31, CI = 1.01–1.70, p = 0.04; lymphoblastic: HR = 1.21, CI = 0.90–1.61, p = 0.21; RI: myeloid: HR = 1.31, CI = 1.01–1.70, p = 0.04; lymphoblastic: HR = 1.21, CI = 0.90–1.61, p = 0.21). Interestingly, within the C1-negative patient group, transplantation with KIR2DS2 resulted in better OS (9/10 matched: HR = 0.24, CI = 0.08–0.67, p = 0.007) as well as DFS (9/10 matched: HR = 0,26, CI = 0.11–0.60, p = 0.002), and transplantation with KIR2DS1 positive donors was associated with a decreased RI (HR = 0.30, CI = 0.13–0.69, p = 0.005). TRM was increased when the donor was positive for KIR2DS1 (HR = 2.61, CI = 1.26–5.41, p = 0.001). Our findings suggest that inclusion of KIR2DS1/2/5 and KIR3DS1-genotyping in the unrelated donor search algorithm of C1-ligand negative patients with myeloid malignancies may prove to be of clinical relevance. KW - Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation KW - Cancer risk factors KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Stem cell transplantation KW - T-cells KW - Bone marrow transplantation KW - NK-cells KW - Immune receptor signaling KW - Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors KW - Acute myeloid leukemia KW - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia KW - Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia KW - Chronic myeloid leukemia Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180995 VL - 12 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Faggion, Clovis Mariano, Jr. A1 - Apaza, Karol A1 - Ariza-Fritas, Tania A1 - Málaga, Lilian A1 - Giannakopoulos, Nikolaos Nikitas A1 - Alarcón, Marco Antonio T1 - Methodological quality of consensus guidelines in implant dentistry JF - PLOS One N2 - Background: Consensus guidelines are useful to improve clinical decision making. Therefore, the methodological evaluation of these guidelines is of paramount importance. Low quality information may guide to inadequate or harmful clinical decisions. Objective: To evaluate the methodological quality of consensus guidelines published in implant dentistry using a validated methodological instrument. Methods: The six implant dentistry journals with impact factors were scrutinised for consensus guidelines related to implant dentistry. Two assessors independently selected consensus guidelines, and four assessors independently evaluated their methodological quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. Disagreements in the selection and evaluation of guidelines were resolved by consensus. First, the consensus guidelines were analysed alone. Then, systematic reviews conducted to support the guidelines were included in the analysis. Non-parametric statistics for dependent variables (Wilcoxon signed rank test) was used to compare both groups. Results: Of 258 initially retrieved articles, 27 consensus guidelines were selected. Median scores in four domains (applicability, rigour of development, stakeholder involvement, and editorial independence), expressed as percentages of maximum possible domain scores, were below 50% (median, 26%, 30.70%, 41.70%, and 41.70%, respectively). The consensus guidelines and consensus guidelines + systematic reviews data sets could be compared for 19 guidelines, and the results showed significant improvements in all domain scores (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Methodological improvement of consensus guidelines published in major implant dentistry journals is needed. The findings of the present study may help researchers to better develop consensus guidelines in implant dentistry, which will improve the quality and trust of information needed to make proper clinical decisions. KW - Medical implants KW - Dentistry KW - Systematic reviews KW - Medical journals KW - Treatment guidelines KW - Osseointegration KW - Osteology KW - Database searching Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180987 VL - 12 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Forkuor, Gerald A1 - Hounkpatin, Ozias K.L. A1 - Welp, Gerhard A1 - Thiel, Michael T1 - High resolution mapping of soil properties using remote sensing variables in south-western Burkina Faso: a comparison of machine learning and multiple linear regression models JF - PLOS One N2 - Accurate and detailed spatial soil information is essential for environmental modelling, risk assessment and decision making. The use of Remote Sensing data as secondary sources of information in digital soil mapping has been found to be cost effective and less time consuming compared to traditional soil mapping approaches. But the potentials of Remote Sensing data in improving knowledge of local scale soil information in West Africa have not been fully explored. This study investigated the use of high spatial resolution satellite data (RapidEye and Landsat), terrain/climatic data and laboratory analysed soil samples to map the spatial distribution of six soil properties–sand, silt, clay, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen–in a 580 km2 agricultural watershed in south-western Burkina Faso. Four statistical prediction models–multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest regression (RFR), support vector machine (SVM), stochastic gradient boosting (SGB)–were tested and compared. Internal validation was conducted by cross validation while the predictions were validated against an independent set of soil samples considering the modelling area and an extrapolation area. Model performance statistics revealed that the machine learning techniques performed marginally better than the MLR, with the RFR providing in most cases the highest accuracy. The inability of MLR to handle non-linear relationships between dependent and independent variables was found to be a limitation in accurately predicting soil properties at unsampled locations. Satellite data acquired during ploughing or early crop development stages (e.g. May, June) were found to be the most important spectral predictors while elevation, temperature and precipitation came up as prominent terrain/climatic variables in predicting soil properties. The results further showed that shortwave infrared and near infrared channels of Landsat8 as well as soil specific indices of redness, coloration and saturation were prominent predictors in digital soil mapping. Considering the increased availability of freely available Remote Sensing data (e.g. Landsat, SRTM, Sentinels), soil information at local and regional scales in data poor regions such as West Africa can be improved with relatively little financial and human resources. KW - Agricultural soil science KW - Forecasting KW - Machine learning KW - Support vector machines KW - Paleopedology KW - Trees KW - Clay mineralogy KW - Remote sensing KW - South-western Burkina Faso Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180978 VL - 12 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Van Steenbergen, Anne A1 - Balteau, Magali A1 - Ginion, Audrey A1 - Ferté, Laura A1 - Battault, Sylvain A1 - de Meester de Ravenstein, Christophe A1 - Balligand, Jean-Luc A1 - Daskalopoulos, Evangelos-Panagiotis A1 - Gilon, Patrick A1 - Despa, Florin A1 - Despa, Sanda A1 - Vanoverschelde, Jean-Louis A1 - Horman, Sandrine A1 - Koepsell, Hermann A1 - Berry, Gerard A1 - Hue, Louis A1 - Bertrand, Luc A1 - Beauloye, Christophe T1 - Sodium-myoinositol cotransporter-1, SMIT1, mediates the production of reactive oxygen species induced by hyperglycemia in the heart JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Hyperglycemia (HG) stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species in the heart through activation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). This production is independent of glucose metabolism but requires sodium/glucose cotransporters (SGLT). Seven SGLT isoforms (SGLT1 to 6 and sodium-myoinositol cotransporter-1, SMIT1) are known, although their expression and function in the heart remain elusive. We investigated these 7 isoforms and found that only SGLT1 and SMIT1 were expressed in mouse, rat and human hearts. In cardiomyocytes, galactose (transported through SGLT1) did not activate NOX2. Accordingly, SGLT1 deficiency did not prevent HG-induced NOX2 activation, ruling it out in the cellular response to HG. In contrast, myo-inositol (transported through SMIT1) reproduced the toxic effects of HG. SMIT1 overexpression exacerbated glucotoxicity and sensitized cardiomyocytes to HG, whereas its deletion prevented HG-induced NOX2 activation. In conclusion, our results show that heart SMIT1 senses HG and triggers NOX2 activation. This could participate in the redox signaling in hyperglycemic heart and contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. KW - hyperglycemia KW - Sodium-myoinositol cotransporter-1 (SMIT1) KW - glucose metabolism KW - heart KW - NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) KW - sodium/glucose cotransporters (SGLT) KW - cardiomyocytes Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180891 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa A1 - Arthur, Rhonda A1 - Potts, James F. A1 - Howarth, Peter H. A1 - Ahlström, Matti A1 - Haahtela, Tari A1 - Loureiro, Carlos A1 - Bom, Ana Todo A1 - Brożek, Grzegorz A1 - Makowska, Joanna A1 - Kowalski, Marek L. A1 - Thilsing, Trine A1 - Keil, Thomas A1 - Matricardi, Paolo M. A1 - Torén, Kjell A1 - van Zele, Thibaut A1 - Bachert, Claus A1 - Rymarczyk, Barbara A1 - Janson, Christer A1 - Forsberg, Bertil A1 - Niżankowska-Mogilnicka, Ewa A1 - Burney, Peter G. J. T1 - Is fruit and vegetable intake associated with asthma or chronic rhino-sinusitis in European adults? Results from the Global Allergy and Asthma Network of Excellence (GA\(^2\)LEN) Survey JF - Clinical and Translational Allergy N2 - Background: Fruits and vegetables are rich in compounds with proposed antioxidant, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties, which could contribute to reduce the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases. Objective: We investigated the association between asthma, and chronic rhino-sinusitis (CRS) with intake of fruits and vegetables in European adults. Methods: A stratified random sample was drawn from the Global Allergy and Asthma Network of Excellence (GA\(^2\)LEN) screening survey, in which 55,000 adults aged 15–75 answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. Asthma score (derived from self-reported asthma symptoms) and CRS were the outcomes of interest. Dietary intake of 22 subgroups of fruits and vegetables was ascertained using the internationally validated GA\(^2\)LEN Food Frequency Questionnaire. Adjusted associations were examined with negative binomial and multiple regressions. Simes procedure was used to control for multiple testing. Results: A total of 3206 individuals had valid data on asthma and dietary exposures of interest. 22.8% reported having at least 1 asthma symptom (asthma score ≥1), whilst 19.5% had CRS. After adjustment for potential confounders, asthma score was negatively associated with intake of dried fruits (β-coefficient −2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] −4.09, −0.59), whilst CRS was statistically negatively associated with total intake of fruits (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.55, 0.97). Conversely, a positive association was observed between asthma score and alliums vegetables (adjusted β-coefficient 0.23; 95% CI 0.06, 0.40). None of these associations remained statistically significant after controlling for multiple testing. Conclusion and clinical relevance: There was no consistent evidence for an association of asthma or CRS with fruit and vegetable intake in this representative sample of European adults. KW - Fruits KW - Vegetables KW - Asthma KW - Chronic rhino‑sinusitis KW - Adults KW - Europe KW - Meta‑analysis KW - GA\(^2\)LEN Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180887 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ewald, Jan A1 - Bartl, Martin A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Kaleta, Christoph T1 - Optimality principles reveal a complex interplay of intermediate toxicity and kinetic efficiency in the regulation of prokaryotic metabolism JF - PLOS Computational Biology N2 - A precise and rapid adjustment of fluxes through metabolic pathways is crucial for organisms to prevail in changing environmental conditions. Based on this reasoning, many guiding principles that govern the evolution of metabolic networks and their regulation have been uncovered. To this end, methods from dynamic optimization are ideally suited since they allow to uncover optimality principles behind the regulation of metabolic networks. We used dynamic optimization to investigate the influence of toxic intermediates in connection with the efficiency of enzymes on the regulation of a linear metabolic pathway. Our results predict that transcriptional regulation favors the control of highly efficient enzymes with less toxic upstream intermediates to reduce accumulation of toxic downstream intermediates. We show that the derived optimality principles hold by the analysis of the interplay between intermediate toxicity and pathway regulation in the metabolic pathways of over 5000 sequenced prokaryotes. Moreover, using the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Escherichia coli as an example, we show how knowledge about the relation of regulation, kinetic efficiency and intermediate toxicity can be used to identify drug targets, which control endogenous toxic metabolites and prevent microbial growth. Beyond prokaryotes, we discuss the potential of our findings for the development of antifungal drugs. KW - Enzyme regulation KW - Toxicity KW - Metabolic pathways KW - Enzymes KW - Transcriptional control KW - Enzyme kinetics KW - Enzyme metabolism KW - Predictive toxicology Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180870 VL - 13 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheng, Cheng A1 - Othman, Eman M. A1 - Stopper, Helga A1 - Edrada-Ebel, RuAngelie A1 - Hentschel, Ute A1 - Abdelmohsen, Usama Ramadan T1 - Isolation of petrocidin A, a new cytotoxic cyclic dipeptide from the marine sponge-derived bacterium \(Streptomyces\) sp. SBT348 JF - Marine Drugs N2 - A new cyclic dipeptide, petrocidin A (\(\textbf{1}\)), along with three known compounds—2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (\(\textbf{2}\)), 2,3-dihydroxybenzamide (\(\textbf{3}\)), and maltol (\(\textbf{4}\))—were isolated from the solid culture of \(Streptomyces\) sp. SBT348. The strain \(Streptomyces\) sp. SBT348 had been prioritized in a strain collection of 64 sponge-associated actinomycetes based on its distinct metabolomic profile using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The absolute configuration of all α-amino acids was determined by HPLC analysis after derivatization with Marfey’s reagent and comparison with commercially available reference amino acids. Structure elucidation was pursued in the presented study by mass spectrometry and NMR spectral data. Petrocidin A (\(\textbf{1}\)) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzamide (\(\textbf{3}\)) exhibited significant cytotoxicity towards the human promyelocytic HL-60 and the human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell lines. These results demonstrated the potential of sponge-associated actinomycetes for the discovery of novel and pharmacologically active natural products. KW - biology KW - sponges KW - actinomycetes KW - streptomyces KW - cyclic dipeptide KW - cytotoxic Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172644 VL - 15 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Banks, Sarah A1 - Millard, Koreen A1 - Behnamian, Amir A1 - White, Lori A1 - Ullmann, Tobias A1 - Charbonneau, Francois A1 - Chen, Zhaohua A1 - Wang, Huili A1 - Pasher, Jon A1 - Duffe, Jason T1 - Contributions of actual and simulated satellite SAR data for substrate type differentiation and shoreline mapping in the Canadian Arctic JF - Remote Sensing N2 - Detailed information on the land cover types present and the horizontal position of the land–water interface is needed for sensitive coastal ecosystems throughout the Arctic, both to establish baselines against which the impacts of climate change can be assessed and to inform response operations in the event of environmental emergencies such as oil spills. Previous work has demonstrated potential for accurate classification via fusion of optical and SAR data, though what contribution either makes to model accuracy is not well established, nor is it clear what shorelines can be classified using optical or SAR data alone. In this research, we evaluate the relative value of quad pol RADARSAT-2 and Landsat 5 data for shoreline mapping by individually excluding both datasets from Random Forest models used to classify images acquired over Nunavut, Canada. In anticipation of the RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM), we also simulate and evaluate dual and compact polarimetric imagery for shoreline mapping. Results show that SAR data is needed for accurate discrimination of substrates as user’s and producer’s accuracies were 5–24% higher for models constructed with quad pol RADARSAT-2 and DEM data than models constructed with Landsat 5 and DEM data. Models based on simulated RCM and DEM data achieved significantly lower overall accuracies (71–77%) than models based on quad pol RADARSAT-2 and DEM data (80%), with Wetland and Tundra being most adversely affected. When classified together with Landsat 5 and DEM data, however, model accuracy was less affected by the SAR data type, with multiple polarizations and modes achieving independent overall accuracies within a range acceptable for operational mapping, at 89–91%. RCM is expected to contribute positively to ongoing efforts to monitor change and improve emergency preparedness throughout the Arctic. KW - geography KW - RADARSAT-2 KW - RADARSAT Constellation Mission KW - Random Forests KW - Arctic KW - shorelines Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172630 VL - 9 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ashraf, Kerolos A1 - Yasrebi, Kaveh A1 - Hertlein, Tobias A1 - Ohlsen, Knut A1 - Lalk, Michael A1 - Hilgeroth, Andreas T1 - Novel effective small-molecule antibacterials against \(Enterococcus\) strains JF - Molecules N2 - \(Enterococcus\) species cause increasing numbers of infections in hospitals. They contribute to the increasing mortality rates, mostly in patients with comorbidities, who suffer from severe diseases. \(Enterococcus\) resistances against most antibiotics have been described, including novel antibiotics. Therefore, there is an ongoing demand for novel types of antibiotics that may overcome bacterial resistances. We discovered a novel class of antibiotics resulting from a simple one-pot reaction of indole and \(o\)-phthaldialdehyde. Differently substituted indolyl benzocarbazoles were yielded. Both the indole substitution and the positioning at the molecular scaffold influence the antibacterial activity towards the various strains of \(Enterococcus\) species with the highest relevance to nosocomial infections. Structure-activity relationships are discussed, and the first lead compounds were identified as also being effective in the case of a vancomycin resistance. KW - medicine KW - antibacterial activity KW - synthesis KW - derivatives KW - structure-activity KW - lead structure Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172628 VL - 22 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindert, J. M. A1 - Pozzorini, S. A1 - Boughezal, R. A1 - Campbell, J. M. A1 - Denner, A. A1 - Dittmaier, S. A1 - Gehrmann-De Ridder, A. A1 - Gehrmann, T. A1 - Glover, N. A1 - Huss, A. A1 - Kallweit, S. A1 - Maierhöfer, P. A1 - Mangano, M. L. A1 - Morgan, T. A. A1 - Mück, A. A1 - Petriello, F. A1 - Salam, G. P. A1 - Schönherr, M. A1 - Williams, C. T1 - Precise predictions for \(V+\)jets dark matter backgrounds JF - European Physical Journal C N2 - High-energy jets recoiling against missing transverse energy (MET) are powerful probes of dark matter at the LHC. Searches based on large MET signatures require a precise control of the \({Z(ν\overline{ν})}+\) jet background in the signal region. This can be achieved by taking accurate data in control regions dominated by \(Z(ℓ^+ℓ^−)+\) jet, \(W(ℓν)+\) jet and \(γ+\) jet production, and extrapolating to the \({Z(ν\overline{ν})}+\) jet background by means of precise theoretical predictions. In this context, recent advances in perturbative calculations open the door to significant sensitivity improvements in dark matter searches. In this spirit, we present a combination of state-of-the-art calculations for all relevant \(V+\) jets processes, including throughout NNLO QCD corrections and NLO electroweak corrections supplemented by Sudakov logarithms at two loops. Predictions at parton level are provided together with detailed recommendations for their usage in experimental analyses based on the reweighting of Monte Carlo samples. Particular attention is devoted to the estimate of theoretical uncertainties in the framework of dark matter searches, where subtle aspects such as correlations across different \(V+\) jet processes play a key role. The anticipated theoretical uncertainty in the \({Z(ν\overline{ν})}+\) jet background is at the few percent level up to the TeV range. KW - Physics KW - High energy physics KW - High-energy jets KW - Dark matter Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172555 VL - 77 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fröhlich, M. A1 - Pinart, M. A1 - Keller, T. A1 - Reich, A. A1 - Cabieses, B. A1 - Hohmann, C. A1 - Postma, D. S. A1 - Bousquet, J. A1 - Antó, J. M. A1 - Keil, T. A1 - Roll, S. T1 - Is there a sex-shift in prevalence of allergic rhinitis and comorbid asthma from childhood to adulthood? A meta-analysis JF - Clinical and Translational Allergy N2 - Background: Allergic rhinitis and asthma as single entities affect more boys than girls in childhood but more females in adulthood. However, it is unclear if this prevalence sex-shift also occurs in allergic rhinitis and concurrent asthma. Thus, our aim was to compare sex-specifc differences in the prevalence of coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Methods: Post-hoc analysis of systematic review with meta-analysis concerning sex-specific prevalence of allergic rhinitis. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we assessed male–female ratios for coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma in children (0–10 years), adolescents (11–17) and adults (> 17). Electronic searches were performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE for the time period 2000–2014. We included population-based observational studies, reporting coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma as outcome stratifed by sex. We excluded non-original or non-population-based studies, studies with only male or female participants or selective patient collectives. Results: From a total of 6539 citations, 10 studies with a total of 93,483 participants met the inclusion criteria. The male–female ratios (95% CI) for coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma were 1.65 (1.52; 1.78) in children (N = 6 studies), 0.61 (0.51; 0.72) in adolescents (N = 2) and 1.03 (0.79; 1.35) in adults (N = 2). Male–female ratios for allergic rhinitis only were 1.25 (1.19; 1.32, N = 5) in children, 0.80 (0.71; 0.89, N = 2) in adolescents and 0.98 (0.74; 1.30, N = 2) in adults, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma shows a clear male predominance in childhood and seems to switch to a female predominance in adolescents. This switch was less pronounced for allergic rhinitis only. KW - Medicine KW - Allergic rhinitis KW - Asthma KW - Multimorbidity KW - Prevalence KW - Systematic review Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172508 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rueegg, Corina S. A1 - Kriemler, Susi A1 - Zuercher, Simeon J. A1 - Schindera, Christina A1 - Renner, Andrea A1 - Hebestreit, Helge A1 - Meier, Christian A1 - Eser, Prisca A1 - von der Weid, Nicolas X. T1 - A partially supervised physical activity program for adult and adolescent survivors of childhood cancer (SURfit): study design of a randomized controlled trial [NCT02730767] JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background: Beyond survival of nowadays >80%, modern childhood cancer treatment strives to preserve long-term health and quality of life. However, the majority of today’s survivors suffer from short- and long-term adverse effects such as cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, obesity, osteoporosis, fatigue, depression, and reduced physical fitness and quality of life. Regular exercise can play a major role to mitigate or prevent such late-effects. Despite this, there are no data on the effects of regular exercise in childhood cancer survivors from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). \(Primary\) \(outcome\) of the current RCT is therefore the effect of a 12-months exercise program on a composite cardiovascular disease risk score in childhood cancer survivors. \(Secondary\) \(outcomes\) are single cardiovascular disease risk factors, glycaemic control, bone health, body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, quality of life, mental health, fatigue and adverse events (safety). Methods: A total of 150 childhood cancer survivors aged ≥16 years and diagnosed ≥5 years prior to the study are recruited from Swiss paediatric oncology clinics. Following the baseline assessments patients are randomized 1:1 into an intervention and control group. Thereafter, they are seen at month 3, 6 and 12 for follow-up assessments. The intervention group is asked to add ≥2.5 h of intense physical activity/week, including 30 min of strength building and 2 h of aerobic exercises. In addition, they are told to reduce screen time by 25%. Regular consulting by physiotherapists, individual web-based activity diaries, and pedometer devices are used as motivational tools for the intervention group. The control group is asked to keep their physical activity levels constant. Discussion: The results of this study will show whether a partially supervised exercise intervention can improve cardiovascular disease risk factors, bone health, body composition, physical activity and fitness, fatigue, mental health and quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. If the program will be effective, all relevant information of the SURfit physical activity intervention will be made available to interested clinics that treat and follow-up childhood cancer patients to promote exercise in their patients. KW - Medicine KW - Randomized controlled trial KW - Physical activity KW - Exercise intervention KW - Childhood cancer survivors KW - Late-effects KW - Cardiovascular disease KW - Bone health KW - Body composition KW - Physical fitness KW - Quality of life Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172497 VL - 17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for pair production of heavy vector-like quarks decaying to high-\(p_T\) \(W\) bosons and \(b\) quarks in the lepton-plus-jets final state in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=13\) TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A search is presented for the pair production of heavy vector-like \(T\) quarks, primarily targeting the \(T\) quark decays to a \(W\) boson and a \(b\)-quark. The search is based on 36.1 fb\(^{−1}\) of \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=13\) TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Data are analysed in the lepton-plus-jets final state, including at least one \(b\)-tagged jet and a large-radius jet identified as originating from the hadronic decay of a high-momentum \(W\) boson. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed in the reconstructed \(T\) mass distribution. The observed 95% confidence level lower limit on the \(T\) mass are 1350 GeV assuming 100% branching ratio to \(Wb\). In the SU(2) singlet scenario, the lower mass limit is 1170 GeV. This search is also sensitive to a heavy vector-like \(B\) quark decaying to \(Wt\) and other final states. The results are thus reinterpreted to provide a 95% confidence level lower limit on the \(B\) quark mass at 1250 GeV assuming 100% branching ratio to \(Wt\); in the SU(2) singlet scenario, the limit is 1080 GeV. Mass limits on both \(T\) and \(B\) production are also set as a function of the decay branching ratios. The 100% branching ratio limits are found to be applicable to heavy vector-like \(Y\) and \(X\) production that decay to \(Wb\) and \(Wt\), respectively. KW - High energy physics KW - Exotics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172472 VL - 2017 IS - 141 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for new high-mass phenomena in the dilepton final state using 36 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collision data at \(\sqrt{s}=13\) TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A search is conducted for new resonant and non-resonant high-mass phenomena in dielectron and dimuon final states. The search uses 36.1 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collision data, collected at \(\sqrt{s}=13\) TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015 and 2016. No significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction is observed. Upper limits at 95% credibility level are set on the cross-section times branching ratio for resonances decaying into dileptons, which are converted to lower limits on the resonance mass, up to 4.1 TeV for the E\(_6\)-motivated \(Z^′_χ\). Lower limits on the \({qqℓℓ}\) contact interaction scale are set between 2.4 TeV and 40 TeV, depending on the model. KW - High energy physics KW - Beyond Standard Model KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172462 VL - 2017 IS - 182 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaireit, Till F. A1 - Sorrentino, Sajoscha A. A1 - Renne, Julius A1 - Schoenfeld, Christian A1 - Voskrebenzev, Andreas A1 - Gutberlet, Marcel A1 - Schulz, Angela A1 - Jakob, Peter M. A1 - Hansen, Gesine A1 - Wacker, Frank A1 - Welte, Tobias A1 - Tümmler, Burkhard A1 - Vogel-Claussen, Jens T1 - Functional lung MRI for regional monitoring of patients with cystic fibrosis JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Purpose To test quantitative functional lung MRI techniques in young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) compared to healthy volunteers and to monitor immediate treatment effects of a single inhalation of hypertonic saline in comparison to clinical routine pulmonary function tests. Materials and methods Sixteen clinically stable CF patients and 12 healthy volunteers prospectively underwent two functional lung MRI scans and pulmonary function tests before and 2h after a single treatment of inhaled hypertonic saline or without any treatment. MRI-derived oxygen enhanced T1 relaxation measurements, fractional ventilation, first-pass perfusion parameters and a morpho-functional CF-MRI score were acquired. Results Compared to healthy controls functional lung MRI detected and quantified significantly increased ventilation heterogeneity in CF patients. Regional functional lung MRI measures of ventilation and perfusion as well as the CF-MRI score and pulmonary function tests could not detect a significant treatment effect two hours after a single treatment with hypertonic saline in young adults with CF (p>0.05). Conclusion This study shows the feasibility of functional lung MRI as a non-invasive, radiation-free tool for monitoring patients with CF. KW - Physics KW - Magnetic resonance imaging KW - Functional magnetic resonance imaging KW - Cystic fibrosis KW - Oxygen KW - Pulmonary imaging KW - Hypertonic KW - Pulmonary function KW - Quantum chronodynamics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172457 VL - 12 IS - 12 ER -