TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
A1  - Näslund, Jan Carol
T1  - The impact of early metalinguistic competencies and memory capacity on reading and spelling in elementary school: Results of the Munich Longitudinal Study on the Genesis of Individual Competencies (LOGIC)
N2  - This paper reports on a longitudinal study dealing with the development of literacy in young children. A total of 163 children were first tested during their last year in kindergarten using a variety of tasks that tapped phonological processing, memory capacity, early literacy, and intelligence. Children's ward decoding, reading comprehension, and spelling skills were assessed in elementary school several years later. As a main result, all of the predictor domains had a significant impact on the acquisition of literacy in elementary school, although the contribution of each domain differed as a function of the criterion measure. An attempt to identify children-at-risk using a kindergarten screening test provided encouraging results. Nonetheless, it was shown that whereas group predictions of reading and spelling performance can be quite accurate, the individual prognosis of school problems is far from perfect.
KW  - Lese- und Schreibfähigkeit
KW  - Gedächtnisleistung
KW  - Phonologische Bewusstheit
KW  - Acquisition of literacy
KW  - Children-at-Risk
KW  - Memory capacity
KW  - Phonological awareness
Y1  - 1993
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87421
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
T1  - Introduction: The early prediction of reading and spelling
N2  - No abstract available.
KW  - Prognose
KW  - Schreiben
KW  - Lesen
Y1  - 1993
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87418
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pauli, Paul
A1  - Rau, Harald
A1  - Zhuang, Ping
A1  - Brody, Stuart
A1  - Birbaumer, Niels
T1  - Effects of smoking on thermal pain threshold in deprived and minimally-deprived habitual smokers
N2  - This study examined the antinociceptive effects of smoking in nine habitual smokers under deprived (12 h) and minimally-deprived (< 30min) conditions. Pain threshold for thermal stimuli, heart rate, blood pressure and ratings of mood, arousal, dominance and well-being were assessed before and after smoking a cigarette. Overall, smoking affected all measured variables in the expected direction, leading to increased physiological activity, elevated pain threshold and improved mood. However, most of these effects depended on the deprivation status of the subjects, such that smoking after deprivation increased pain threshold whereas smoking after minimal deprivation did not. Pain threshold before smoking was the same for both groups. Deprived subjects had lower pre-smoke diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and arousal levels, which rose to equal minimally-deprived subjects scores after smoking.
KW  - Pain threshold ; Smoking ; Nicotine ; Acute tolerance ; Deprivation ; Psychophysiologicat measures
Y1  - 1993
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32607
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pauli, Paul
A1  - Schwenzer, Michael
A1  - Brody, Stuart
A1  - Rau, Harald
A1  - Birbaumer, Niels
T1  - Hypochondriacal attitudes, pain sensitivity, and attentional bias
N2  - The relation between hypochondriacal attitudes, thermal pain threshold, and attentional bias toward pain was examined in a non-clinical population (N = 28). Attentional bias was operationalized with a concentration-performance test, which subjects performed while connected to a pain stimulator. Subjects were informed that they would receive a painful stimulus during the second part of the test, while the first part was introduced as pain-free. The pain stimulus was never applied during the test phase. The expectancy of a forthcoming pain stimulus reduced the performance of high hypochondriacal subjects in both parts of the test. Low hypochondriacal subjects, on the other hand, displayed significantly better performance in the first, pain-free compared to the second, pain-related part of the test. Thermal pain thresholds were assessed at four measuring sites (thenar, neck, collar-bone, abdomen), but no relations with hypochondriasis sum scores and locus of pain stimulation were found. A stepwise multiple regression of pain threshold by individual Illness Attitude Scales (IAS) led to 66% of the variance being explained by the scales ‘concern about pain’, ‘worry about illness’, and ‘disease phobia’. Results are discussed in terms of amplifying somatic style, preoccupation with or attentional bias toward bodily symptoms, and experimental induction of a hypochondriacal state.
Y1  - 1993
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32617
ER  -