TY - JOUR A1 - Brückner, Theresa A1 - Meininger, Markus A1 - Groll, Jürgen A1 - Kübler, Alexander C. A1 - Gbureck, Uwe T1 - Magnesium Phosphate Cement as Mineral Bone Adhesive JF - Materials N2 - Mineral bone cements were actually not developed for their application as bone-bonding agents, but as bone void fillers. In particular, calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are considered to be unsuitable for that application, particularly under moist conditions. Here, we showed the ex vivo ability of different magnesium phosphate cements (MPC) to adhere on bovine cortical bone substrates. The cements were obtained from a mixture of farringtonite (Mg\(_3\)(PO\(_4\))\(_2\)) with different amounts of phytic acid (C\(_6\)H\(_{18}\)O\(_{24}\)P\(_6\), inositol hexaphosphate, IP6), whereas cement setting occurred by a chelation reaction between Mg\(^{2+}\) ions and IP6. We were able to show that cements with 25% IP6 and a powder-to-liquid ratio (PLR) of 2.0 g/mL resulted in shear strengths of 0.81 ± 0.12 MPa on bone even after 7 d storage in aqueous conditions. The samples showed a mixed adhesive–cohesive failure with cement residues on the bone surface as indicated by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The presented material demonstrated appropriate bonding characteristics, which could enable a broadening of the mineral bone cements’ application field to bone adhesives KW - magnesium phosphate cement KW - phytic acid KW - bone adhesive Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193052 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 12 IS - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heilig, Philipp A1 - Sandner, Phoebe A1 - Jordan, Martin Cornelius A1 - Jakubietz, Rafael Gregor A1 - Meffert, Rainer Heribert A1 - Gbureck, Uwe A1 - Hoelscher-Doht, Stefanie T1 - Experimental drillable magnesium phosphate cement is a promising alternative to conventional bone cements JF - Materials N2 - Clinically used mineral bone cements lack high strength values, absorbability and drillability. Therefore, magnesium phosphate cements have recently received increasing attention as they unify a high mechanical performance with presumed degradation in vivo. To obtain a drillable cement formulation, farringtonite (Mg\(_3\)(PO\(_4\))\(_2\)) and magnesium oxide (MgO) were modified with the setting retardant phytic acid (C\(_6\)H\(_{18}\)O\(_{24}\)P\(_6\)). In a pre-testing series, 13 different compositions of magnesium phosphate cements were analyzed concentrating on the clinical demands for application. Of these 13 composites, two cement formulations with different phytic acid content (22.5 wt% and 25 wt%) were identified to meet clinical demands. Both formulations were evaluated in terms of setting time, injectability, compressive strength, screw pullout tests and biomechanical tests in a clinically relevant fracture model. The cements were used as bone filler of a metaphyseal bone defect alone, and in combination with screws drilled through the cement. Both formulations achieved a setting time of 5 min 30 s and an injectability of 100%. Compressive strength was shown to be ~12–13 MPa and the overall displacement of the reduced fracture was <2 mm with and without screws. Maximum load until reduced fracture failure was ~2600 N for the cements only and ~3800 N for the combination with screws. Two new compositions of magnesium phosphate cements revealed high strength in clinically relevant biomechanical test set-ups and add clinically desired characteristics to its strength such as injectability and drillability. KW - magnesium phosphate cement KW - phytic acid KW - inositol hexaphosphate KW - drillable bone cement KW - tibial head depression fracture KW - synbones KW - artificial bones KW - biomechanical evaluation KW - cyclic testing KW - load to failure testing Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236633 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 14 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Götz, Lisa-Marie A1 - Holeczek, Katharina A1 - Groll, Jürgen A1 - Jüngst, Tomasz A1 - Gbureck, Uwe T1 - Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Calcium Magnesium Phosphate Cement Pastes for Degradable Bone Implants JF - Materials N2 - This study aimed to develop printable calcium magnesium phosphate pastes that harden by immersion in ammonium phosphate solution post-printing. Besides the main mineral compound, biocompatible ceramic, magnesium oxide and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) were the crucial components. Two pastes with different powder to liquid ratios of 1.35 g/mL and 1.93 g/mL were characterized regarding their rheological properties. Here, ageing over the course of 24 h showed an increase in viscosity and extrusion force, which was attributed to structural changes in HPMC as well as the formation of magnesium hydroxide by hydration of MgO. The pastes enabled printing of porous scaffolds with good dimensional stability and enabled a setting reaction to struvite when immersed in ammonium phosphate solution. Mechanical performance under compression was approx. 8–20 MPa as a monolithic structure and 1.6–3.0 MPa for printed macroporous scaffolds, depending on parameters such as powder to liquid ratio, ageing time, strand thickness and distance. KW - magnesium phosphate cement KW - extrusion-based 3D printing KW - degradable implant Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246110 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 14 IS - 18 ER - TY - THES A1 - Renner, Tobias T1 - Neue adhäsive mineral-organische Knochenzemente auf Basis von Phosphoserin und Magnesiumphosphaten bzw. -oxiden T1 - Novel adhesive mineral-organic bone cements based on phosphoserine and magnesium phosphates or oxides N2 - Heutige chirurgische Situationen können zeitweise den Einsatz eines Knochenkleber erfordern, welcher sich jedoch noch nicht in der klinischen Praxis etablieren konnte. In jüngster Vergangenheit haben mit Phosphoserin modifizierte Zemente (PMC) auf der Grundlage von Verbindungen zwischen o-Phosphoserin (OPLS) und Calciumphosphaten wie Tetracalciumphosphat (TTCP) oder α-Tricalciumphosphat (α-TCP) an Popularität gewonnen. Ebenso bekommen chelatbildende Magnesiumphosphatzemente als mineralische Knochenadhäsive mehr Zuspruch. In dieser Arbeit wurden neue mineralorganische Knochenzemente auf der Basis von Phosphoserin und Magnesiumphosphaten oder -oxiden untersucht, die hervorragende Hafteigenschaften besitzen. Diese wurden mittels Röntgenbeugung, Fourier-Infrarot-Spektroskopie und Elektronenmikroskopie analysiert und mechanischen Tests unterzogen, um die Haftfestigkeit am Knochen nach Alterung unter physiologischen Bedingungen zu bestimmen. Die neuartigen biomineralischen Klebstoffe zeigen eine ausgezeichnete Haftfestigkeit an Knochen mit etwa 6,6-7,3 MPa unter Scherbelastung. Die Adhäsive sind auch aufgrund ihres kohäsiven Versagensmusters und ihres duktilen Charakters vielversprechend. In diesem Zusammenhang sind die neuen adhäsiven Zemente den derzeit vorherrschenden Knochenadhäsiven überlegen. Ergänzend wurde versucht, dieses neue System mit unterschiedlichen Additiven zu modifizieren. Dabei wurde Mannit erfolgreich als Porogen verwendet. Dreiarmiges sternförmiges NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) sollte die adhäsiven Eigenschaften und das Leistungspotenzial unter Wasser verbessern. Zuletzt wurden mit Glycerol präfabrizierte Pasten hergestellt, welche gelagert werden können und bei Kontakt mit Wasser aushärten. Generell ist zu betonen, dass künftige Bemühungen um Knochenklebstoffe aus Phosphoserin und Mg2+ sehr lohnenswert erscheinen. N2 - Present surgical situations require a bone adhesive which has not yet been developed for use in clinical applications. Recently, phosphoserine modified cements (PMC) based on mixtures of o-phosphoserine (OPLS) and calcium phosphates, such as tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) or α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) as well as chelate setting magnesium phosphate cements have gained increasing popularity for their use as mineral bone adhesives. Here, we investigated new mineral-organic bone cements based on phosphoserine and magnesium phosphates or oxides, which possess excellent adhesive properties. These were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy and subjected to mechanical tests to determine the bond strength to bone after ageing at physiological conditions. The novel biomineral adhesives demonstrate excellent bond strength to bone with approximately 6.6–7.3 MPa under shear load. The adhesives are also promising due to their cohesive failure pattern and ductile character. In this context, the new adhesive cements are superior to currently prevailing bone adhesives. In addition, an attempt was made to modify this new system with different additives. Mannite was successfully used as a porogen. Three-armed star-shaped NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) should improve the adhesive properties and performance potential under water. Last glycerol-prefabricated pastes were prepared, which could be stored and cure upon contact with water. In general, it should be emphasized that future efforts on bone adhesives from phosphoserine and Mg2+ seem very worthwhile. KW - Phosphoserin KW - Klebstoff KW - Magnesiumphosphate KW - Knochenzement KW - Magnesiumoxid KW - bone adhesive KW - bone glue KW - magnesium phosphate cement KW - organophosphates KW - bone cement Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323210 ER -