TY - JOUR A1 - Zingler, G. A1 - Blum, G. A1 - Falkenhagen, U. A1 - Orskov, I. A1 - Orskov, F. A1 - Hacker, Jörg A1 - Ott, M T1 - Clonal differentiation of uropathogenic E. coli isolates of serotype O6:K5 by fimbrial antigen typing and DNA long-range mapping techniques N2 - Escherichia coli isolates of serotype 06: K5 are the most common causative agents of cystitis and pyelonephritis in adults. To answer the question, as to whether strains of this particular serotype represent one special clonal group, out of a collection of 34 serotype 06: K5 isolates [Zingler et al. ( 1990) Zentralbl. Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] 274:372-381] 15 strains were selected andanalyzed in detail. The flagellar (H) antigen and the outer membrane protein (OMP) pattern were determined. Furtherserum resistance properties and the genetic presence and expression of other virulence factors, including hemolysin, aerobactin, P fimbriae, S/F1C fimbriae and type 1 fimbriae was evaluated. In~laddition the Xbalmacrorestriction pattern of ten representative isolates was elaborated and the fimbrial (F) antigentype ofthe P fimbriae was determined, to obtain the complete 0: K: H: F pattern. These analyses could clearly show that the 06: K5 isolates do not represent one clonal group. The Xbal-macrorestriction profiles were heterogeneaus and marked differences in the hybridization patterns, using virulenceassociated gene probes in Southern hybridization of long-range-separated genomic DNA, were observed among the strains. However, some of strains showed similarities in the genomic profiles, arguing for clonal groupings among the 06: K5 isolates. lnterstingly the strains grouped tagether exhibited the same fimbrial F typethat many indicate a coincidence of this phenotypic trait with clonality. KW - Infektionsbiologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59865 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zillober, Christian T1 - A globally convergent version of the method of moving asymptotes N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31984 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zillober, Christian T1 - Sequential convex programming in theory and praxis N2 - In this paper, convex approximation methods, suclt as CONLIN, the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) and a stabilized version of MMA (Sequential Convex Programming), are discussed with respect to their convergence behaviour. In an extensive numerical study they are :finally compared with other well-known optimization methods at 72 examples of sizing problems. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35513 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, K. A1 - Näveri, L. A1 - Frerichs, K. A1 - Hallenbeck, J. M. A1 - Feuerstein, G. A1 - Davis, J. N. A1 - Sirén, Anna-Leena T1 - Extracellular catecholamine levels in rat hippocampus after a selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist or a selective dopamnie uptake inhibitor: Evidence for dopamine release from local dopaminergic nerve terminals N2 - The effect of 6-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyi-1-H-3-benzazepine (SKF 86466), a selectlve nonimldazoline alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonlst, on hippocampal re1ease of norepinephrine and dopamlne in conscious rats was lnvestigated by /n vlvo mlcrodialysis and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Additionally, extracellular concentrations of hippocampal dopamine (DA) and norepinephrtne (NE), durtng Infusion of selective monoamine uptake Inhibitors, were determined in freely moving rats. The basal concentration of NE in the dialysate was 4.9 ± 0.3 pg/20 pl. lntravenous admlnistratlon of 5 or 10 mgJkg of SKF 86466 was associated wlth a transierlt inc:rease (30 min) of 2-fold (12 ± 1 pg/20 ,d; p < .05) and 8-fold (39 ± 3 pg/20 pl; p < .05), respectlvely, in dlalysate NE, whereas a 1-mgfkg dose had no effect. DA was not detected in basal dlalysates, but after the adminlstratlon of 5 or 10 mgJkg of SKF 86466, 3.9 ± 0.4 and 6.4 ± 0.6 pg/20 pl, respectlvely, was present in the dialysates. The rnaxlmum increase in dialysate DA was reached 60 to 90 min after SKF 86466. The DA was not derived from plasma because plasma NE was elevated after the 5 mgJkg dose of SKF 86466 whereas no plasma DA was detected. ln order to determlne whether DA was present in noradrenergic nerve termlnals, the dopamine ß-hydroxylase Inhibitor SKF 1 02698 was administered (50 mgJkg i.p.). The Inhibitor decreased dialysate NE but DA was stin not detected in the dialysate. When SKF 86466 (5 mgJkg t.v.) was adminlstered 4 hr after SKF 102698, DA appeared in the dialysate but there was no lncrease in dialysate NE. Administration through the dialysis probe of the DA uptake Inhibitor, GBR-12909 (0.1 and 1 pM), dose-dependently lnaeased DA Ieveis to 5.7 ± 1.2 and 9.6 ± 2.8 pg/20 pl, respectively. GBR-12909 had no effect on hippocampal NE. Desipramine (5 and 10 pM) lncreased dose-dependently dialysate NE and lncreased DA concentrations to detectable Ieveis (2.7 ± 0.5 and 3.5 ± 0.7 pg/20 ,d, respectively). These results suggest that the a/pha-2 adrenoceptors modulate both NE and DA release in the rat hlppocampus and that DA detected in the hlppocampal dialysate might be released from dopaminergic neurons. KW - Neurobiologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Y. S. A1 - Becker, Charles R. A1 - Waag, A. A1 - von Schierstedt, K. A1 - Bicknell-Tassius, R. N. A1 - Landwehr, G. T1 - Surface sublimation of zinc blende CdTe N2 - The surface sublimation of Cd and Te atoms from the zinc blende (111)A CdTe surface has been investigated in detail by reflection high energy electron diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These experiments verify that Te is much easier to evaporate than Cd. The experimental value for the Te activation energy from a Te stabilized (111)A CdTe surface is 1.41 ±0.1O eV, which is apparently inconsistent with recent theoretical results. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37829 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Y. S. A1 - Becker, Charles R. A1 - Waag, A. A1 - Schmiedl, R. A1 - Einfeldt, S. A1 - Landwehr, G. T1 - Oxygen on the (100) CdTe surface N2 - We have investigated oxygen on CdTe substrates by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). A Te oxide layer that was at least 15 A thick was found on the surface of as-delivered CdTe substrates that were mechanically polished. This oxide is not easily evaporated at temperatures lower than 350°C. Furthermore, heating in air, which further oxidizes the CdTe layer, should be avoided. Etching with HCI acid (15% HCl) for at least 20 s and then rinsing with de-ionized water reduces the Te oxide layer on the surface down to 4% of a monoatomic layer. However, according to XPS measurements of the 0 Is peak, 20%-30% of a monoatomic layer of oxygen remains on the surface, which can be eliminated by heating at temperatures ranging between 300 and 340 cC. The RHEED patterns for a molecular beam epitaxially (MBE)-grown CdTe film on a (lOO) CdTe substrate with approximately one monoatomic layer of oxidized Te on the surface lose the characteristics of the normal RHEED pattems for a MBE-grown CdTe film on an oxygen-free CdTe substrate. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37869 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Y. S. A1 - Becker, Charles R. A1 - Waag, A. A1 - Bicknell-Tassius, R. N. A1 - Landwehr, G. T1 - Removal of oxygen and reduction of carbon contamination on (100) Cd\(_{0.96}\)Zn\(_{0.04}\)Te N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilken, Norbert A1 - Kossner, Ursula A1 - Senécal, Jean-Luc A1 - Scheer, Ulrich A1 - Dabauvalle, Marie-Christine T1 - Nup180, a novel nuclear pore complex protein localizing to the cytoplasmic ring and associated fibrils N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32049 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilhelm, Gernot A1 - Zaccagnini, Carlo T1 - Tell Karrana 3, Tell Jikan, Tell Khirbet Salih N2 - No abstract available. KW - Tell Karrana KW - Tell Jikan KW - Tell Khirbet Salih Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87646 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilhelm, Gernot A1 - Janowski, Bernd T1 - Der Bock, der die Sünden hinausträgt N2 - no abstract available KW - Syrisch-palästinensischer Raum KW - Religion KW - Altes Testament KW - Geschichte 2000 v. Chr.-331 v. Chr KW - Kongreß KW - Hamburg <1990> KW - Anatolien KW - Alter Orient Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87845 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wilhelm, Gernot A1 - Dinçol, Ali M. A1 - Dinçol, Belkis A1 - Hawkins, J. David T1 - The "Cruciform Seal" from Boğazköy-Hattusa N2 - no Abstract available KW - Anatolien KW - Archäologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87856 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilhelm, Gernot T1 - Šura/i in Kargamiš und das urartäische Gentiliz Šurele N2 - no Abstract available KW - Urartäisch Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71314 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilhelm, Gernot T1 - Zur Grammatik und zum Lexikon des Hurritischen N2 - no Abstract available KW - Churritisch Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86468 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weyers, P. A1 - Janke, W. A1 - Macht, Michael A1 - Weijers, H.-G. T1 - Social and nonsocial open field behaviour of rats under light and noise stimulation N2 - ln two experiments, male rats were observed in pairs under different environmental stimulations in an open field. ln Experiment 1, white noise of 85 dB(A) reduced social activities and increased defecation compared to 75 dB(A) and 65 dß(A). ln Experiment 2, the illumination of the open field was varied in addition to a variation of the noise intensity. Again, 85 dB(A) as compared to 50 dB(A) reduced social activities and increased defecation, but also led to changes in non-social behaviours such as sniffing, grooming, and rearing. ln contrast, 400 lx did not differ substantially in its effects from 40 lx in any of the observed behavioural categories. Altogether, the behaviour pattern under 85 dß(A) white noise cannot satisfactorily be explained only by increased anxiety or fear. Alternative explanations are discussed. KW - Psychologie KW - Social activity KW - Stress KW - Light stimulation KW - Noise stimulation KW - Environment KW - open field behaviour KW - Emotionality KW - Rat Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61246 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weisenberger, Dieter A1 - Scheer, Ulrich A1 - Benavente, Ricardo T1 - The DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin blocks postmitotic reformation of nucleoli in mammmalian cells N2 - No abstract available KW - Cytologie KW - Nucleolus-DNA KW - opoisomerase I KW - camptothecin KW - mitosis Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41434 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weinert, Franz E. A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Cognitive, social and emotional development N2 - No abstract available. KW - Identitätsentwicklung KW - Längsschnittuntersuchung KW - Persönlichkeitsentwicklung Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87448 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wang, HY A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Down-Regulation of Xenophile Antibodies by Specific Immunosuppressive Protocols to Facilitate Xenogeneic Organ Transplantation N2 - No abstract available KW - Immunbiologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45669 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waelbroeck, M. A1 - Camus, J. A1 - Tastenoy, M. A1 - Lambrecht, G. A1 - Mutschler, E. A1 - Kropfgans, M. A1 - Sperlich, J. A1 - Wiesenberger, F. A1 - Tacke, R. A1 - Christophe, J. T1 - Thermodynamics of antagonist binding to rat muscarinic \(M_2\) receptors: antimuscarinics of the pridinol, sila-pridinol, diphenidol and sila-diphenidol type JF - British Journal of Pharmacology N2 - 1 We studied the effect of temperature on the binding to rat heart \(M_2\) muscarinic receptors of antagonists related to the carbon/silicon pairs pridinol/sila-pridinol and diphenidol/sila-diphenidol (including three germanium compounds) and six structurally related pairs of enantiomers [(R)- and (S)-procyclidine, (R)- and (S)-trihexyphenidyl, (R)- and (S)-tricyclamol, (R)- and (S)-trihexyphenidyl methiodide, (R)- and (S)-hexahydro-diphenidol and (R)- and (S)-hexbutinol]. Binding affinities were determined in competition experiments using \([^3H]\)-N-methyl-scopolamine chloride as radioligand. The reference drugs were scopolamine and N-methyl-scopolamine bromide. 2 The affinity of the antagonists either increased or decreased with temperature, van 't Hoff plots were linear in the 278–310°K temperature range. Binding of all antagonists was entropy driven. Enthalpy changes varied from large negative values (down to \(−29 kJ mol^{−1}\)) to large positive values (up to \(+ 30 kJ mol^{−1}\)). 3 (R)-configurated drugs had a 10 to 100 fold greater affinity for \(M_2\) receptors than the corresponding (S)-enantiomers. Enthalpy and entropy changes of the respective enantiomers were different but no consistent pattern was observed. 4 When silanols \((R_3SiOH)\) were compared to carbinols \((R_3COH)\), the affinity increase caused by C/Si exchange varied between 3 and 10 fold for achiral drugs but was negligible in the case of chiral drugs. Silanols induced more favourable enthalpy and less favourable entropy changes than the corresponding carbinols when binding. Organogermanium compounds \((R_4Ge)\) when compared to their silicon counterparts (R4Si) showed no significant difference in affinity as well as in enthalpy and entropy changes. 5 Exchange of a cyclohexyl by a phenyl moiety was associated with an increase or a decrease in drug affinity (depending on the absolute configuration in the case of chiral drugs) and generally also with a more favourable enthalpy change and a less favourable entropy change of drug binding. 6 Replacement of a pyrrolidino by a piperidino group and increasing the length of the alkylene chain bridging the amino group and the central carbon or silicon atom were associated with either an increase or a decrease of entropy and enthalpy changes of drug binding. However, there was no clear correlation between these structural variations and the thermodynamic effects. 7 Taken together, these results suggest that hydrogen bond-forming OH groups and, to a lesser extent, polarizable phenyl groups contribute significantly to the thermodynamics of interactions between these classes of muscarinic antagonists and \(M_2\) muscarinic receptors. KW - entropy KW - binding KW - M2 muscarinic receptors KW - thermodynamics KW - van 't Hoff plot KW - enthalpy Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128439 VL - 109 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waaga, AM A1 - Krzymanski, M. A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Wierusz-Wysocka, Bogna A1 - Müller-Buchholtz, Wolfgang T1 - Hematological effects of the new immunosuppressive drug 15-deoxyspergualin N2 - Since systematic hematological studies on blood and bone marrow changes after treatment with 15-Deoxyspergualin (DOS) are lacking, a quantitative assessment was performed fourteen or twenty eight days after intraperitoneal application of DOS to rats. Further observations done 7 and 14 days after discontinuation of DOS administration allowed analysis of banc marrow regeneration. DOS induced lymphocytopenia, granUlocytopenia and anemia with a decrease of bone marrow cellularity due to suppression of cell maturation. The effect was dose-dependent and bone marrow as well as blood changes were observed in animals treated with doses from 0.5 to 10.0 mg/kg DOS. Within 14 days after termination of the treatment, rapid recovery with normalization of all hematological parameters was observed. In the light of our data, these hematological side effects may not be a major disadvantage, if DOS is used in doses below 2.5 mg/kg, and for a course of therapy which is limited to 7 to 14 days. KW - Chirurgie KW - 15-Deoxyspergualin KW - hematology KW - immunosuppression KW - bone marrow KW - regeneration KW - experimental therapy Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44701 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waag, A. A1 - Heinke, H. A1 - Scholl, S. A1 - Becker, Charles R. A1 - Landwehr, G. T1 - Growth of MgTe and Cd\(_{1-x}\)Mg\(_x\)Te thin films by molecular beam epitaxy N2 - We report on the growth of the compound semiconductor MgTe as weil as the ternary alloy Cd\(_{l-x}\)Mg, Te by molecular hcam cpitaxy. This is to our knowkdgc thc first time that this material has heen grown by any epitaxial technique. Bulk MgTe, which is hygroscopic, has a band gap of 3.0 eV and crystallizcs usually in thc wurtzite structure. Pseudomorphic films were grown on zincblende Cd Te suhstrates for a MgTe thickness helow a critical layer thickncss of approximately 500 nm. In addition, Cd\(_{l_x}\),Mg\(_x\)Te epilayers were grown with a Mg concentration between 0 and 68%, which corresponds to a band gap betwcen 1.5 and 2.5 eV at room temperature. The crystalline quality of thc layers is comparabk to CdTc thin films as long as they are fully strained. The lauice constant of zincblende MgTe is slightly smaller than that of CdTe, and the lattice mismatch is as low as O.7%. In addition highly n-type CdMgTe layers were fabricatcd by hromine doping. The tunability of the band gap as weil as the rather good laUice match with CdTc makes the matcrial interesting for optoelectronic device applications for the entire visible range. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37917 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Pharmakologische Beeinflussung natürlicher Antikörper als Vorbedingung für die erfolgreiche Xenotransplantation N2 - No abstract available. KW - Heterotransplantation KW - Antikörper KW - Pharmakologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73216 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Heiser, A. A1 - Bosse, M. A1 - Wacker, H. H. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Histologische Untersuchungen des Schweinepankreas zur Verbesserung der Inselausbeute und -integrität nach Kollagenase-Verdauung N2 - No abstract available. KW - Schwein KW - Bauchspeicheldrüse KW - Histologie KW - Kollagenase Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73237 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Eckstein, V. A1 - Korsgren, O. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Expression of Porcine Pancreatic Islet Antigens Varies and Determines Binding of Human Natural Xenophile Antibodies (NXA) N2 - No abstract available KW - Immunbiologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45655 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thoenen, Hans A1 - Hughes, Richard A. A1 - Sendtner, Michael T1 - Trophic support of motoneurons: physiological, pathophysiological, and therapeutic implications. N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31746 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thoenen, Hans A1 - Hughes, Richard A. A1 - Sendtner, Michael T1 - Towards a comprehensive understanding of the trophic support of motoneurons N2 - Motoneurons played an essential role in establishing the concept of target-mediated support of innervating neurons. However, it took several decades until molecules were identined which trophically support motoneurons in vitro and in vivo. The most potent molecule identined so far is ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). It is expressed as a cytosolic molecule in myelinating Schwann cells rather than in skeletal muscle in the postnatal period and therefore does not qualify as a target-derived neurotrophic factor regulating motoneuron survival during embryonic development. However, the inactivation of CNTF by gene targeting experiments results in progressive atrophy and degeneration of motoneurons, demonstrating that CNTF plays an essential role as a maintenance factor for motoneurons postnatally. Secretory molecules which are expressed in skeletal muscle during embryonic development and which support motoneurons in culture and partially also in vivo include members of the NGF gene family (BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/S) , FGF-S, IGF-I, and UF. The evaluation of the physiological importance of these molecules is under investigation. KW - neurotrophic molecules KW - CNTF KW - gene targeting KW - NGF gene family KW - FGF-5 KW - lIF KW - IGF-I Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31117 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tafler, R. A1 - Herbert, M. K. A1 - Schmidt, R. F. A1 - Weis, K. H. T1 - Small reduction of capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation in human forearm skin by the glucocorticoid prednicarbate JF - Agents Actions N2 - No abstract available. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127698 VL - 38 IS - Special Conference Issue ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tacke, Reinhold A1 - Wagner, S. A. A1 - Brakmann, S. A1 - Wuttke, F. A1 - Eilert, U. A1 - Fischer, L. A1 - Syldatk, C. T1 - Synthesis of acetyldimethyl(phenyl)silane and its enantioselective conversion into (R)-(1-hydroxyethyl)dimethyl(phenyl)silane by plant cell suspension culytures of Symphytum officinale L. and Ruta graveolens L. N2 - Starting from chlorodimethyl(phenyl)silane (3), acetyldimethyl(phenyl)silane (l) was prepared by a two-step synthesis in a total yield of 90% [PhMe\(_2\)SiCl (3)-> PhMe\(_2\)SiCCOMe)=CH\(_2\) (4)-> PhMe\(_2\)SiC(O)Me (1)]. The prochiral acetylsilane 1 was transfonned enantioselectively into (R)-(1-hydroxyethyl)dimethyl(phenyl)silane [(R)-2] using plant cell Suspension cultures of Symphytum officinale L. or Ruta graveolens L. Under preparative conditions (300-mg scale, not optimized), (R)-2 was isolated in 15% (Symphytum) and 9% yield (Ruta), respectively. The enantiomeric purities of the products were 81% ee (Syrnphytum) and 60% ee (Ruta), respectively. KW - Anorganische Chemie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64299 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tacke, Reinhold A1 - Lopez-Mras, A. A1 - Sperlich, J. A1 - Strohmann, C. A1 - Kuhs, W. F. A1 - Mattern, G. A1 - Sebald, A. T1 - Neue zwitterionische \(\lambda_5\)-Spirosilicate: Synthesen, Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalysen und Festkörper-NMR-Untersuchungen T1 - New Zwitterionic \(\lambda_5\)-Spirosilicates: Syntheses, Single-Crystal X-Ray Strudure Analyses, and Solid-State NMR Studies N2 - The zwitterionic spirocyclic \(\lambda_5\) -Silicates bis(3,4,5,6-tetrabromo- 1,2-benzenediolato(2- ))[2-(pyrrolidinio)ethyl]silicate (5; and its monohydrate 5 · H\(_2\)O) and bis[1,2-benzenediolato(2- )][( dimethylammonio)methyl]silicate (6) were synthesized by various methods including Si-C bond cleavage reactions. The crystal structures of 5, 5 · H\(_2\)O, and 6 were investigated by Xray düfraction. Furthermore, 5, 5 · H\(_2\)O, 6, and the related zwitterionic \(\lambda_5\)-spirosilicates 1 · 1/4 CH\(_3\)CN, 2 · CH\(_3\)CN, 3 · CH\(_3\)CN, and 4 were characterized by solid-state NMR spectroscopy (\(^{29}\)Si and \(^{15}\)N CP/MAS). The pentacoordinate silicon atoms of 5, 5 · H\(_2\)O (two crystallographically independent ZWitterions and two crystallographically independent water molecules), and 6 (two crystallographically independent zwitterions) are surrounded by four oxygen atoms and one carbon atom. The coordination polyhedrons around the silicon atoms of 5 and 6 can be described as distorted (5) or nearly ideal (6) trigonal bipyramids, the carbon atoms being in equatorial positions. 5 forms intramolecular and 6 intermolecular (--+ formation of dimeric units) N- H···O hydrogen bonds. The coordination polyhedrons around the two crystallographically independent silicon atoms of 5 · H\(_2\)O can be described as a nearly ideal and slightly distorted square pyramid, respectively, the carbon atoms being in the apical positions. In the crystal lattice of 5 · H\(_2\)O, intermolecular N-H···O and 0-H···O hydrogen bonds between the zwitterions and water molecules are observed. The results obtained by X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR spectroscopy are consistent for each compound studied. KW - Anorganische Chemie KW - Spirosilicates KW - zwitterionic KW - Silicon KW - pentacoordinate KW - Bond cleavage KW - Si-C I Solid-state NMR KW - 29Si and 15N Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64251 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tacke, Reinhold A1 - Lopez-Mras, A. A1 - Sheldrick, W. S. A1 - Sebald, A. T1 - Synthesen, Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalysen und \(^{29}\)Si-Festkörper-NMR-Untersuchungen eines zwitter- ionischen \(\lambda_5\)-Spirosilicats und eines käfigartigen Octa(silasesquioxans) : [Professor Hartmut Bärnighausen zum 60. Geburtstage gewidmet] T1 - Syntheses, Single-Crystal x ... Ray Analyses and Solid-State \(^{29}\)Si NMR Studies of a Zwitterionic \(\lambda_5\)-Spirosilicate and a Cage-like Octa(silasesquioxane) N2 - No abstract available KW - Anorganische Chemie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64243 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tacke, Reinhold A1 - Lopez-Mras, A. A1 - Becht, J. A1 - Sheldrick, W. S. T1 - Synthese sowie Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von Tetrafluoro[2-(pyrrolidinio)ethyl]silicat T1 - Synthesis and Crystal and Molecular Structure of Tetrafluoro[2-(pyrrolidinio)etbyl]silicate N2 - Das zwitterionische Tctratluoro[2-(pyrrolidinio) ethyl]silicat (4) wurde durch Reaktion von Trimethoxy( 2-pyrrolidinoethyl)silan (5) mit Fluorwasserstoff in einem Ethanol/Flußsäure-Gemisch bei 0 °C synthetisiert. Die Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von 4 wurde bei - 100 °C mittels einer Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalyse untersucht. Außerdem wurde 4 durch NMR-Untersuchungen in Lösung charakterisiert (CD\(_3\)CN: \(^1\)H, \(^{13}\)C). N2 - The zwitterionic tetrafluoro[2-(pyrrolidinio) ethyl]silicate (4) was synthesized by reaction of trimethoxy( 2-pyrrolidinoethyl)silane (5) with hydrogen fluoride in elhanollhydrofluoric acid at 0 °C. The crystal and mo1ecular structure of 4 was studied at - 100 °C by singlc-crystal X-ray diffraction. ln addition, 4 was characterized by solution-state NMR sturlies (CD\(_3\)CN: \(^1\)H, \(^{13}\)C). KW - Anorganische Chemie KW - Zwitterionic KW - Lambda5-organofluorosilicate KW - pentacoordinate silicon KW - crystal structure Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64269 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tacke, Reinhold A1 - Becht, J. A1 - Lopez-Mras, A. A1 - Sheldrick, W. S. A1 - Sebald, A. T1 - Syntheses, X-ray crystal structure analyses, and solid-state NMR studies of some zwitterionic organofluorosilicates N2 - No abstract available KW - Anorganische Chemie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64272 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stöber, Gerald A1 - Franzek, E. A1 - Beckmann, H. T1 - Schwangerschafts- und Geburtskomplikationen - ihr Stellenwert in der Entstehung schizophrener Psychosen N2 - In a retrospective study of 80 chronic DSM 111-R schizophrenics and 80 controls, the occurrence of obstetric complications (OCs) into the development of chronic schizophrenias was investigated using Leonhard s distinction in systematic schizophrenia (no obvious familial loading) and unsystematic schizophrenia (mainly genetically determined according to Leonhard). The Lewis & Murray and Fuchs scales were used for evaluation. In both scales, unsystematic schizophrenias did not differ from controls, but those with OCs were significantly (p < 0.01) earlier hospitalized (20.5 years) than those without OCs (25.6 years). Systematic schizophrenics had an increased frequency, severity and total score of OCs compared to controls in the Fuchs scale (p < 0.0 I). Likewise, in the Lewis & Murray scale systematic schizophrenia showed an increased presence ofOCs compared to controls (p < 0.05) and to unsystematic schizophrenia (p < 0.1 ). Systematic schizophrenias were significantly allocated to matemal infectious diseases during mid-gestation. Patients with matemal infections showed moreadditional OCs than those without (p < 0.05; Lewis & Murray scale). In systematic schizophrenia, a history of OC was not associated with an early onset of the disease. In the genetic determined schizophrenias prenatal and perinatal disturbanccs Iead to an early onset of the disease, however, in systematic schizophrenias they seem to be of causal importance for the development of the disease. N2 - Auf der Grundlage von Leonhards Unterteilung in systematische Schizophrenien (niedriges genetisches Risiko) und unsystematische Schizophrenien (nach Leonhardr Befunden hauptsächlich genetisch determiniert) wurden in einer retrospektiven Studie bei 80 Patienten mit chronischen DSM 111-R Schizophrenien und 80 Kontrollen die Häufigkeit von Schwangerschafts- und Geburtskomplikationen untersucht. Zur Auswertung wurden die Skalen von Lewis & Murray sowie von Fuchs verwandt. Unsystematische Schizophrenien unterschieden sich in beiden Skalen nicht von den Kontrollen. Diejenigen mit Komplikationen wurden jedoch signifikant früher als diejenigen ohne Komplikationen ersthospitalisiert (p < 0,01 ). Bei systematischen Schizophrenen waren in ; der Skala von Fuchs Häufigkeit, Schweregrad sowie der Summenwert der Komplikationen gegenüber den Kontrollen erhöht (p < 0,0 I). Auch in der Skala von Lewis & Murray traten häufiger obstetrische Komplikationen auf als bei Kontrollen (p < 0,05) und unsystematischen Schizophrenen (p < 0,1 ). Systematische Schizophrenien waren auch assoziiert mit Schwangerschaftsinfektionen im zweiten Trimenon. Mütter mit Schwangerschaftsinfektionen zeigten gehäuft weitere perinatala Komplikationen (p < 0,05). Geburtskomplikationen hatten bei systematischen Schizophrenen jedoch keinen Einfluß auf den Zeitpunkt des Krankheitsbeginns. Während pdi und perinatale Störungen bei genetisch determinierten Schizophrenien lediglich einen frühen Krankheitsbeginn bewirken, scheinen sie bei den systematischen Schizophrenien von ursächlicher Bedeutung fiir die Krankheitsentstehung zu sein. KW - Schwangerschaft KW - Schizophrenie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63343 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stöber, Gerald A1 - Franzek, E. A1 - Beckmann, H. T1 - Die selbstquälerische Depression: eine Form monopolarer endogener Depression N2 - Anhand von drei exemplarischen fällen wird. das Krankheitsbild der selbstquälerischen Depression, eine Form der reinen Depressionen Leonhards, dargestellt. Im Zentrum stehen die Ideen der Selbsterniedrigung und Selbstentwertung und der sich daran entwickelnde ängstlich-depressive Affekt. Charakteristisch ist auch die Angst um die nächsten Angehörigen. In ihren Selbstanklagen erwarten und fordern die Patienten für sich die schrecklichsten Strafen. Diese wenigen Leitsymptome kehren in jeder Krankheitsphase gleichförmig wieder. Andere depressive Symptome wie Denkhemmung und psychomotorische Hemmung treten dagegen völlig in den Hintergrund. Der Krankheitsverlauf ist streng monopolar. Die Dauer der Krankheitsphasen wurde von Leonhard mit durchschnittlich 5,8 Monaten angegeben. Sie betrug bei unseren Patienten durchschnittlich 4,1 Monate. Das klinische Erscheinungsbild ist durch moderne Behandlungsstrategien nicht wesentlich zu beeinflussen. Eine familiäre Belastung mit affektiven Psychosen findet sich nur sehr selten. N2 - Three ease reports will be used to describe the self-torturing depression, one form of Leonhard's monopolar depressive disorders. The main symptomatology consists of marked feelings of guilt, as weil as ideas of self-abasement and self-depreciation. The severe anxious-depressive affect developes on the grounds of these symptoms. Worries of the patients about their family are also characteristic. Excessive self-reproach results in the expectation of and demand for heaviest punishment. These symptoms repeatedly occur during each episode. Other depressive symptoms like inhibited thinking and motor retardation are lacking. The course of the disease is strictly monopolar. In Leonhard's original description the mean duration of the episodes was found to be 5.8 months. We noticed a mean duration of 25 episodes of 4.1 months. The clinical manifestation of the episodes can only insignificantly be influenced by modern therapy. There is little evidence for familial loading with affective psychoses. KW - Medizin KW - Psychopathologie KW - monopolare endogene Depression KW - Leonhard-Klassifikation KW - Affective psychoses KW - psychopathology KW - monopolar depressive disorders KW - Leonhard classification Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78454 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stöber, Gerald A1 - Franzek, E. A1 - Beckmann, H. T1 - Obstetric complications in distinct Schizophrenie subgroups N2 - In 55 chronic DSM I11 -R schi zophre nics the occurrence of obstetr ic complica ti ons (OCs) was investigated us ing the famili al/sporael ic strategy and Leonhard's unsystemati c/systematic distin ction. The overa ll frequency and severity of OCs elid not differ be tween patie nts anel controls. A sub-sample of patients, whose genetic ri sk was supposed to be high in both class ification systems (d iagnos is 01' unsystematic anel fa mili al sc hizophre ni a), had s igni ficantly fewer OCs than controls on the Lewis anel Murray scale (P < 0.05). With reference to previous reports of inc reased morta lity rates in the offspring of schizop hre nics, high genetic risk and addition al perinatal stressors may in crease perin atal mortality. In contrast, pat ie nts whose genetic ri sk was sllpposed to be low in both systems (di agnos is of systematic and sporadic sc hizophrenia) showed a trend to an increased freqllency of OCs in the Fuchs scale. In the context of the recently reported highl y signi ficantly increased rate of matern al infections dllring midgestation in these pati e nts, it was supposed th at perin atal complications may be of so me ae tio logical importance in sc hizophrenics with low genetic ri sk. KW - Psychiatrie KW - obstetric complications KW - schizophrenia KW - famiIiaI ·sporadic concept KW - Leonhard cIassification Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82223 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stopper, Helga A1 - Körber, C. A1 - Spencer, D. L. A1 - Kirchner, S. A1 - Caspary, W.J. A1 - Schiffmann, D. T1 - An investigation of micronucleus and mutation induction by oxazepam in mammalian cells N2 - Tbe benzodiazepines are a class of d.rugs that are widely used in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. One member of um ~' oxazepam, is also a common metabolite of sevmd other benzod.iazepines. Since the evidence for the genetic toxicity and carcinogenic properties of these compounds is incol:lsb1ent, we investigated the oxazepam-induced fonnation of micronuclei in Syrian Hamster embryo fibroblast (SHE) cells, human amniotic fluid fibroblast-like (AFFL) cells and LS178Y mouse cells. A dose-dependent increase in micronucleus fractions was found in all tbree ceU llnes. The time course of micronucleus induction in L5178Y cells showed a maximum at 5 h after treatment, suggesting that the micronuclei were fonned in the first mitosis after treatment. Kinetochore staining (CREST -antiserum) revealed the presence of kinetochores in -SO% of the micronuclei in aU tbree ceU types. ThJs resu1t was further confinned by in situ bybridization in LS178Y cells and indicates tbe presence of wbole Chromosomes or centric fragments as weU as acentric fragments in the oxazepam-induced micronuclei. The LS178Y cells did not show a mutagenic response to oxazepam at any of the doses or expression times used. KW - Toxikologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63404 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stopper, Helga A1 - Körber, C. A1 - Schiffmann, D. A1 - Caspary, W. J. T1 - Cell-cycle dependent micronucleus formation and mitotic disturbances induced by 5-azacytidine in mammalian cells N2 - 5-Azacytidine was originally developed to treat human myelogenous leukemia. However, interest in this compound has expanded because of reports of its ability to affect cell differentiation and to alter eukaryotic gene expression. In an ongoing attempt to understand the biochemical effects of this compound, we examined the effects of 5-azacytidine on mitosis and on micronucleus formation in mammalian cells. In L5178Y mouse cells, 5-azacytidine induced micronuclei at concentrations at which we and others have already reported its mutagenicity at the tk locus. Using CREST staining and C-banding studies, we showed that the induced micronuclei contained mostly chromosomal fragments although some may have contained whole chromosomes. By incorporating BrdU into the DNA of SHE cells, we determined that micronuclei were induced only when the compound was added while the cells were in S phase. Microscopically visible effects due to 5-azacytidine treatment were not observed until anaphase of the mitosis following treatment or thereafter. 5-Azacytidine did not induce micronuclei via interference with formation of the metaphase chromosome arrangement in mitosis, a common mechanism leading to aneuploidy. SupravitalUV microscopy revealed that chromatid bridges were observed in anaphase and, in some cases, were sustained into interphase. In the first mitosis after 5-azacytidine treatment we observed that many cells were unable to perform anaphase separation. All of these observations indicate that 5-azacytidine is predominantly a clastogen through its incorporation into DNA. KW - Toxikologie KW - Micronuclei KW - L5178Y cells KW - 5-Azacytidine KW - Berenil KW - DES KW - Ethionine KW - Mitosis Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63411 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staikova, M. A1 - Engels, Bernd A1 - Peric, M. A1 - Peyerimhoff, S. D. T1 - Ab initio calculation of the vibronically averaged hyperfine coupling constants in the two lowest electronic states of H\(_2\)O\(^+\) N2 - No abstract available T2 - Ab initio calculations of the vibronically averaged hyperfine coupling constants in the 1\(^2\)Π\(_u\)(X\(^2\)B\(_1\),A\(^2\)A\(_1\)) state of the water cation KW - Organische Chemie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sponholz, Barbara A1 - Baumhauer, Roland A1 - Felix-Hennignsen, P. T1 - Fulgurites in the southern central Sahara, Republic of Niger and their palaeoenvironmental significance N2 - The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of fulgurites ( = natural glasses forrned by lightning strikes to the ground) from the southern Centrat Sahara (Niger) are presented. The fulgurites are indicators of thunderstorms. The northernmost important fulgurite formation in the study area reached up to about l8°N, with decreasing fulgurite concentration from south to north. Their distribution pattern and the relative dating of their formation in relation to Iandscape history from the Late Pleistocene onwards (e.g., palaeolakes, palaeosols), and to Neolithic settlement reveals their value as palaeoenvironmental indicators. They indicate: (1) local palaeoenvironmental conditions depending on the topographical situation in a complex dune relief; (2) climatic change during the mid-Holocene from northerly rains to southerly rains; and (3) the northernmost Iimit of important thunderstorrns and rainfall activity since this time in the southern Centrat Sahara. KW - Sahara KW - Niger KW - Fulgurite KW - fulgurites KW - lightning KW - thunderstorms KW - Sahara KW - Holocene KW - climatic change KW - palaeosols KW - Neolithic Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63337 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sponholz, Barbara T1 - Holocene fulgurite formation in the southern Central Sahara (Niger) N2 - Fulgurites (= natural glasses formed by lightning strikes to the ground) are indicators of thunderstorms (e.g. Julien 1901). The distribution pattern of fulgurites in the study area (Grand Erg de Bilma and Erg de Tenere between 11.5°E and 16.5° and 18.5°N) shows decreasing fulgurite concentration from south to north. The fulgurite sites are concentrated in the area of fossil dune complexes, where they occur topographically above palaeolimnic deposits in mid-slope position of interdune depressions. KW - Geographie KW - Niger Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-56584 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sperlich, Jörg A1 - Becht, Joachim A1 - Mühleisen, Mathias A1 - Wagner, Stephan A. A1 - Mattern, Günter A1 - Tacke, Reinhold T1 - Zwitterionische Bis[vic-arendiolato(2-)][(morpholinio)alkyl]silicate: Synthese sowie strukturelle Charakterisierung in Lösung und im Kristall N2 - No abstract available. KW - Silicate KW - Bis[1,2-benzendiolato(2-)][(morpholinio)alkyl]silicates KW - Bis[2,3-naphthalenediolato(2-)][(morpholinio)alkyl]silicates KW - Zwitterionic [lambda]5-Spirosilicates Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73153 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sirén, Anna-Leena A1 - McCarron, R. M. A1 - Liu, Y. A1 - Barone, F. A1 - Spatz, M. A1 - Feuerstein, G. A1 - Hallenbeck, J. M. T1 - Perivascular monocyte/macrophage interaction with endothelium as a mechanism through which stroke-risk factors operate to increase stroke likelihood. Research Initiatives in Vascular Disease; SPECIAL COMMUNICATION N2 - No abstract available KW - Neurobiologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sirèn, Anna-Leena A1 - Liu, Y. A1 - Feuerstein, G. A1 - Hallenbeck, JM T1 - Increased release of tumor necrosis factor alpha into the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral circulation of aged rats N2 - Background and Purpose: We earlier reported that risk factors for stroke prepare brain stem tissue for a modified Shwartzman reaction, incIuding the development of ischemia and hemorrhage and the production of tumor necrosis factor-a, after a provocative dose of lipopolysaccharide. In the present study, we sought to determine whether blood and central nervous system cells of rats with the stroke risk factor of advanced age produce more proinflammatory and prothrombotic media tors than do those of young rats of the same strain. Methods: Levels of tumor necrosis factor-a and platelet activating factor in the cerebrospinal fluid and tumor necrosis factor-a in the serum of 2-year-old and 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were monitored before and after challenge with lipopolysaccharide. Results: No consistent tumor necrosis factor-a activity was found in the cerebrospinal fluid or blood of control animals. Intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (1.8 mg/kg) increased serum tumor necrosis factor-a levels but had no effect on tumor necrosis factor-a in the cerebrospinal fluid. Serum tumor necrosis factor-a increased much more in aged rats than in young rats. When lipopolysaccharide was injected intracerebroventricularly, tumor necrosis factor-a activity in cerebrospinal fluid increased significantly more in old rats than in young rats. Baseline levels of platelet activating factor in cerebrospinal fluid were significantly higher in old rats than in young rats, and the levels increased to a greater degree in aged rats on stimulation. Conclusions: Rats with the stroke risk factor of advanced age respond to lipopolysaccharide with a more exuberant production of tumor necrosis factor-a and platelet activating factor than young rats of the same strain. These findings are consistent with our working hypothesis that perivascular cells are capable of exaggerated signaling of endothelium through cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-a in animals with stroke risk factors. The effect of such signaling might be to prepare the endothelium of the local vascular segment for thrombosis or hemorrhage in accord with the local Shwartzman reaction paradigm. KW - Gehirn KW - Durchblutung KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - platelet activating factor KW - tumor necrosis factor KW - rats Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shephard, S. E. A1 - Sengstag, C. A1 - Lutz, Werner K. A1 - Schlatter, C. T1 - Mutations in liver DNA of lacI transgenic mice (Big Blue) following subchronic exposure to 2-acetylaminofluorene N2 - 2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) was administered at Ievels of 0, 300 and 600 ppm in the diet for 28 days to female transgenic micc bearing the lacl genein a Iambda vector (Big Blue® mice). The Iambda vector was excised from liver DNA and packaged in vitro into bacteriophage particles which were allowed to infect E. coli bacteria, forming plaques on agar plates. Approximately 10\(^5\) plaques wcre screened per animal for the appearance of a bluc colour, indicative of mutations in the lac/ gcnc which had resulted in an inactive gene product. Background mutation rate was 2.7 x 10\(^{-5}\) (pooled results of two animals, 8 mutant plaques/289 530 plaques). At 300 ppm in the diet, the rate of 3.5 X 10\(^{-5}\)(8/236 300) was not significantly increased over background. At 600 ppm in the dict, the rate increased approximately 3 fold to 7.7 x 10\(^{-5}\) (17 /221240). In comparison to the usual single or 5-day carcinogen exposure regimes, the 4-week exposure protocol allowed the use of much lower dose Ievels 00-1000 fold lower). Overt toxicity could thus be avoided. The daily doses used were somewhat higher than those required in 2-year carcinogenicity studies with 2·AAF. KW - Toxikologie KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - Transgenic mouse KW - Mutation assay KW - in vivo KW - Dose response Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60683 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shanjia, Xu A1 - Xinzhang, Wu A1 - Boege, P. A1 - Schäfer, H. A1 - Becker, Charles R. A1 - Geick, R. T1 - Scattering characteristics of 3-D discontinuity consisting of semiconductor sample filled in waveguide with gaps N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37964 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sendtner, Michael A1 - Thoenen, Hans A1 - Hughes, R. A. T1 - Members of several gene families influence survival of rat motoneurons in vitro and in vivo N2 - The survival and functional maintenance of spinal motoneurons, both during the period of developmental cell death and in adulthood, have been shown to be dependent on trophic factors. In vitro experiments have previously been used to identify several survival factors for motoneurons, including CNTF, UF, and members of the neurotrophin, FGF, and IGF gene families. Some of these factors have also been shown to be active in vivo, either on chick motoneurons during embryonic development or on lesioned facial and spinal motoneurons of the newborn rat. Here we demonstrate that lesioned newborn rat facial motoneurons can be rescued by NT-4/5, IGF-I, and UF. Furthermore, in contrast to chick motoneurons, the survival of isolated embryonic rat motoneurons can be maintained by the neurotrophins BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5. IGF-I and FGF-5 were also active in this system, each supporting more than 50% of the originally plated neurons. The responsiveness of motoneurons to multiple factors in vitro and in vivo suggests that motoneuron survival and function are regulated by the coordinated actions of members of different gene families. KW - Immunopanning KW - Facial Nerve Transection KW - Neurotrophin KW - Fibroblast Growth Factor KW - Insulinlike Growth Factor Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42652 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sendtner, Michael T1 - Neurotrophic factors and their action on motoneuron survival: Implications for neuromuscular disorders N2 - Motoneuron diseases represent a m&jor challenge to modern neurology, yet their clinical manifestations ware first described more than hundred years ago, and despite many studies the etiology of these diseases ramd,ns obscure with no effective treatments having been reported. Although progress has been made in establishing genetic linkage in the rare inherited for.ms of these diseases such as familial amyotrophic lateral scleriosisl , spinal mDscular atrophy and X-linked bulbo-spinal-mDscular atrophy, this new information has not yet affected therapeutic techniques. During the last few years several important steps have been taken concerning the physiological mechanisms involved in motoneuron survival during development, after lesion and in animal models of degenerative diseases, the molecular clOning of several new neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNP), neurotrophin-3 and-4 (NT-3 and NT-4) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTP)); the identification of a gene family of receptor molecules for same of these factors, progress in the understanding of the effects of polypeptide growth factors on muscle cell differentiation, neuronal sprouting (insulin-like growth factor-I and -11 (IGF-I and IGF-II), and in vitro motoneuronal survival (CNTF, IGF-I and -II and basic FGF). These findings have raised new hopes in that they could lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying these diseases, and that the pharmacological use of same of these newly characterized neurotrophic factors could present new possibilities for the treatment of these diseases. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31149 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüssler, Ulrich A1 - Skinner, David N. B. A1 - Roland, Norbert W. T1 - Subduction-related Mafic to Intermediate Plutonism in the Northwestern Wilson Terrane, North Victoria Land and Oates Coast, Antarctica N2 - No abstract available KW - Wilson Terrane ; intrusions ; mafic composition ; relative age ; petrographic analysis ; gabbroic composition ; subduction zones Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31805 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüssler, Ulrich T1 - Zur geologischen Situation der Erzlagerstätte Kupferberg-Neufang in der Umrahmung der Münchberger Gneismasse N2 - Die Kupfer-Zink-Lagerstätte von Kupferberg-Neufang im Bereich der Münchberger Deckenstruktur besteht aus einem etwa 4 km langen Zug einzelner stratiformer Vererzungslinsen, der in NW-SE-Richtung vom anchimetamorphen Paläozoikum "Bayerischer" Faziesentwicklung in die Prasinit-Phyllit-Serie hinüberzieht. Bisherige lagerstättenkundliche Untersuchimgen interpretierten die gesamte Lagerstätte als einheitliche, submarin-exhalativ entstandene stratiforme Bildung in Zusammenhang mit ordovizischem basischem Vulkanismus, der in den Rahmengesteinen der Lagerstätte durch die Diabase der anchimetamorphen Randschieferserie bzw. die Prasinite der Prasinit-Phyllit-Serie dokumentiert ist. Diese Vorstellung steht jedoch in deutlichem Widerspruch zu den Ergebnissen neuerer geochemischer und biostratigraphischer Untersuchungen, die für die Diabase und Prasinite eine völlig unterschiedliche Zusammensetzung ergaben und die zeigten, daß die Prasinit-Phyllit-Serie schon im Oberproterozoikum, die erzführenden Schichten im anchimetamorphen Paläozoikum aber erst im Unterdevon sedimentiert wurden. Für eine Klärung der Situation sind weitere Untersuchungen im Bereich der Lagerstätte erforderlich. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31791 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schüssler, Ullrich T1 - Electron microprobe investigations on the copper seal from burial 10 N2 - No abstract available KW - Tell Khirbet Salih KW - Tell Jikan KW - Ausgrabung Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38856 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schnorr, J. J. A1 - Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle A1 - Simon-Jödicke, A. A1 - Pavlovic, J. A1 - Horisberger, M. A. A1 - ter Meulen, V. T1 - MxA dependent inhibition of Measles Virus glycoprotein synthesis in a stably transfected human monocytic cell line N2 - No abstract available KW - Virologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62353 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle A1 - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen A1 - Bayer, M. A1 - Löffler, S. A1 - ter Meulen, V. T1 - Spontaneous and differentiation dependent regulation of measles virus gene expression in human glial cells N2 - The expression of measles virus (MV) in six different permanent human glioma cell lines (D-54, U-251, U-138, U-105, U-373, and D-32) was analyzed. Although all celllines were permissive for productive replication of all MV strains tested, U-251, D-54, and D-32 cells spontaneously revealed restrictions of MV transcription similar to those observed for primary rat astroglial cells and brain tissue. In vitro differentiation of D-54 and U-251 cells by substances affecting tbe intracellular cyclic AMP Ievel caused a significant reduction of tbe expression of tbe viral proteins after 18, 72, and 144 b of infection. This pronounced restriction was not paralleled to a comparable Ievel by an inhibition of tbe syntbesis and biological activity in vitro of virus·specific mRNAs as sbown by quantitative Northem (RNA) blot analyses and in vitro translation. The block in viral protein syntbesis could not be attributed to tbe induction of type I interferon by any of tbe substances tested. Our findings indicate tbat down-regulation of MV gene expression in human brain cells can occur by a cell type-rlependent regulation of tbe viral mRNA transcription and a differentiation-dependent regulation of translation, botb of wbicb may be crucial for the establisbment of persistent MV infections in tbe centrat nervous system. KW - Immunologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54913 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen A1 - Schneider-Schaulies, S. A1 - ter Meulen, Volker T1 - Differential induction of cytokines after primary and persistent measles virus infections of human glial cells N2 - The effect of measles virus (MV) infection on mRNA expression and protein synthesis of cytokines in human malignant glioma celllines (0-54 and U-251) was investigated. Primary MV infections led in both celllines to the induction of interleukin-1 fJ (ll-1 (3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-(3 (IFN-fJ), and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a). ln contrast, persistently infected astrocytoma lines continually produced IL-6 (two out of 12 lines high Ievels) and IFN-ß, whereas only 1 out of 121ines synthesized TNF-a and none IL-1ß. The pathways for induction of IL-1fJ and TNF-a expression were not suppressed by the persistent MV infection, since IL-1ß and TNF-a could be induced by external stimuli Jike diacylglycerol analog plus calcium ionophore. lnterestingly, persistently infected astrocytoma cells synthesized considerably higher Ievels of ll-1ß and TNF-a than uninfected cells afteradditional external induction. These results suggest that in the centrat nervous system (CNS) of SSPE patients a percentage of persistently infected astrocytes may continually synthesize IL-6 and IFN-ß, and in the presence of additional external stimuli, as possibly provided by activated lymphocytes, might ovarexpress the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 ß and TNF-a. This may be of pathogenetic significance in CNS diseases associated with persistent MV infections. KW - Immunologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54907 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Näslund, Jan Carol T1 - The impact of early metalinguistic competencies and memory capacity on reading and spelling in elementary school: Results of the Munich Longitudinal Study on the Genesis of Individual Competencies (LOGIC) N2 - This paper reports on a longitudinal study dealing with the development of literacy in young children. A total of 163 children were first tested during their last year in kindergarten using a variety of tasks that tapped phonological processing, memory capacity, early literacy, and intelligence. Children's ward decoding, reading comprehension, and spelling skills were assessed in elementary school several years later. As a main result, all of the predictor domains had a significant impact on the acquisition of literacy in elementary school, although the contribution of each domain differed as a function of the criterion measure. An attempt to identify children-at-risk using a kindergarten screening test provided encouraging results. Nonetheless, it was shown that whereas group predictions of reading and spelling performance can be quite accurate, the individual prognosis of school problems is far from perfect. KW - Lese- und Schreibfähigkeit KW - Gedächtnisleistung KW - Phonologische Bewusstheit KW - Acquisition of literacy KW - Children-at-Risk KW - Memory capacity KW - Phonological awareness Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87421 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Gruber, Hans A1 - Gold, Andreas A1 - Opwis, Klaus T1 - Chess expertise and memory for chess positions in children and adults N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62211 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Bös, Klaus A1 - Rieder, H. T1 - Leistungsprognose bei jugendlichen Spitzensportlern N2 - Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Versuch gemacht, neuere Befunde der kognitiven Psychologie, insbesondere der Expertiseforschung, zur Entwicklung außergewöhnlicher Fertigkeiten und Kenntnisse auf den Bereich des Sports zu übertragen und damit deren Generalisierungsmöglichkeiten zu prüfen. In einem ersten Schritt werden dabei die Grundannahmen der traditionellen fähigkeitsorientierten Leistungsprognose mit denen der neueren Expertiseforschung verglichen und im Hinblick auf ihre empirische Bewährung untersucht. Der zweite Schritt besteht darin, daß mögliche Parallelen zwischen der Entwicklung kognitiver und sportlicher Expertise aufgezeigt und an Fallbeispielen demonstriert werden. Dies leitet zum Schwerpunkt des vorliegenden Beitrags über, der in einer Reanalyse von Daten besteht, die im Rahmen einer fünfjährigen Längsschnittstudie an jugendlichen deutschen Tennistalenten gewonnen wurden (vgl. Rieder, Krahl, Sommer, Weicker & Weiss, 1983). Da in dieser Untersuchung sowohl Daten zur Entwicklung allgemeiner motorischer Basisfähigkeiten wie auch zur Entwicklung sportartspezifischer Fertigkeiten erhoben worden waren, ließ sich die Bedeutsamkeit dieser beiden Komponenten für den sportlichen Erfolg relativ genau bestimmen. Weiterhin waren Informationen zu Hintergrundmerkmalen wie z.B. der elterlichen Unterstützung, der Trainingsintensität sowie Merkmalen der Motivation und Konzentration verfügbar, von denen anzunehmen war, daß sie zusätzlich dazu geeignet sein sollten, individuelle Unterschiede in den beobachteten Entwicklungsverläufen zu erklären. KW - Aufmerksamkeit KW - Leistung KW - Sportpsychologie KW - Kongress KW - Ringberg KW - Kognitive Psychologie KW - Aufsatzsammlung KW - Leistungssport KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50556 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Acquiring expertise: determinants of exceptional performance N2 - No abstract available. KW - Hochbegabung Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86652 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Gifted children: How different are they? Review of: Lebensumweltanalyse hochbegabter Kinder - Das Marburger Hochbegabtenprojekt N2 - Rezension zu: Detlef H. Rost: Lebensumweltanalyse hochbegabter Kinder - das Marburger Hochbegabtenprojekt. - Seattle, WA: Hogrefe, 1993. - 261 S. - ISBN 3-8017-0479-3 KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87438 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - The longitudinal study of motor development: methodological issues N2 - No abstract available. KW - Motorische Entwicklung KW - Längsschnittuntersuchung KW - Methode Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71393 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Introduction: The early prediction of reading and spelling N2 - No abstract available. KW - Prognose KW - Schreiben KW - Lesen Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87418 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schliewen, U. A1 - Fricke, H. A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Epplen, Jörg T. A1 - Paabo, S. T1 - Which home for coelacanth? N2 - No abstract available KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61606 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheer, Ulrich A1 - Thiry, Marc A1 - Goessens, Guy T1 - Structure, function and assembly of the nucleolus N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32057 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Wittbrodt, J. A1 - Mäueler, W. A1 - Raulf, F. A1 - Adam, D. A1 - Hannig, G. A1 - Telling, A. A1 - Storch, F. A1 - Andexinger, S. A1 - Robertson, S. M. T1 - Oncogenes and melanoma formation in Xiphoporus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) N2 - In Xiphophorus melanoma formation has been attributed by classical genetic findings to the overexpression of a cellular oncogene (Tu) due to elimination of the corresponding regulatory gene locus in hybrids. We have attempted to elucidate this phenomenon on the molecular biological level. Studies on the structure and expression of known proto-oncogenes revealed that several of these genes, especially the c-src gene of Xiphophorus, may act as effectors in establishing the neoplastic phenotype of the melanoma cells . However, these genes appear more to participate in secondary steps of tumorigenesis. Another gene, being termed Xmrk, which represents obviously a so far unknown proto-oncogene but with a cons iderably high similarity to the epidermal growth-factorreceptor gene, was mapped to the Tu-containing region of the chromosome. This gene shows features with respect to its structure and expression that seem to justify it to be regarded as a candidate for a gene involved in the primary processes leading to neoplastic transformation of pigment cells in Xiphophorus. KW - Schwertkärpfling KW - Onkogen KW - Melanom Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87149 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Erbelding-Denk, Claudia A1 - Holter, Sabine A1 - Nanda, Indrajit A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Schroder, Johannes H. A1 - Epplen, Jörg T. T1 - Reproductive failure of dominant males in the poeciliid fish Limia perugiae determined by DNA fingerprinting N2 - Hierarchical structures among male indlviduals in a population are frequently reflected ln differences in aggressive and reproductive behavior and access to the females. In general, sodal dominance requires the Investments, which in turn then may have to be compensated for by high reproductive success. However, this hypothesls has so far only been sufficiently tested in small mating groups (one or two males with one or two females) due to the difficulties of determining paternity by conventional methods. DNA fingerprinting overcomes these problems by offering the possibility to determine genetic relationships and mating patterns within larger groups [Borke, T. (1989) Trends Ecol. Evol. 4, 139-144]. We show here that in the poecUiid fish Limia perugitu, in small matlng groups the dominant male has 8 mating success of 100%, whereas ln larger groups lts contribution to the offspring unexpectedly drops to zero. KW - Physiologische Chemie KW - reproductive success KW - sexual selection KW - size polymorpbism KW - sodal domlnance KW - simple repetitive sequences Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61643 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Erbelding-Denk, C. A1 - Hölter, S. A1 - Nanda, I. A1 - Schmid, M. A1 - Schröder, J. H. A1 - Epplen, J. T. T1 - High mating success of low rank males in Limia perugiae (Pisces: Poeciliidae) as determined by DNA-fingerprinting N2 - Hierarchical structures among male individuals in a population are frequently reflected in differences in aggressive and reproductive behaviour and access to the females. In general social dominance requires large investments which in turn may have to be compensated for by high reproductive success. However, this hypothesis has so far only been sufficiently tested in small mating groups due to the difficulties of determining paternity by classical methods using non-molecular markers. DNA fingerprinting overcomes these problems offering the possibility to determine genetic relationships and mating patterns within larger groups. Using this approach we have recently shown (Schartl et al., 1993) that in the poeciliid fish Limia perugiae in small mating groups the dominant male has 100% mating success, while in larger groups its contribution to the offspring unexpectedly drops to zero. The reproductive failure under such social conditions is explained by the inability of the ex-male to protect all the females simultaneously against mating attempts of his numerous subordinate competitors. KW - DNS KW - Fingerprint-Verfahren KW - Lebendgebärende Zahnkarpfen Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87132 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Röder, G. A1 - Steinlein, C. A1 - Schmid, M. A1 - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard T1 - Karyotype and chromosome banding in the Turkish desert woodlouse Desertellio elongatus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) N2 - The karyotype of D. elongatus was investigated by means of C-banding, silver staining, and mithramycinand quinacrine fluorescent staining. The diploid chromosome number is 2n = 50. C-banding shows pericentromerically localized constitutive heterochromatin in every chromosome. Two of the chromosome pairs carry two telomeric nucleolus organizer regions each. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were found. KW - Karyotype; chromosome banding; Desertellio elongatus; Crustacea; Isopoda; Oniscidea Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30989 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ruhe, Ernstpeter T1 - Christensklaven als Beute nordafrikanischer Piraten. Das Bild des Maghreb im Europa des 16. - 19. Jahrhunderts. N2 - No abstract available KW - Maghreb; Geschichte; Europa Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30548 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ruhe, Ernstpeter T1 - Praedicatio est translatio: Das Elucidarium in der altfranzösischen Predigt. N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-36776 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ruhe, Ernstpeter T1 - De Nedjma à Nedschma: Il y a trente ans, la critique allemande découvrait une nouvelle comète N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33857 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ruhe, Ernstpeter T1 - Le poème tu aux blancs - retrouvé? A la nue accablante et les Poésies de Mallarmé N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-36945 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ruhe, Ernstpeter T1 - Wissensvermittlung in Frage und Antwort: Der enzyklopädische Lehrdialog "Le Livre de Sidrac". N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-36823 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Qiu, Yueming A1 - He, Li A1 - Li, Jie A1 - Yuan, Shixin A1 - Becker, Charles R. A1 - Landwehr, G. T1 - Infrared photoconductor fabricated with HgTe/CdTe superlattice grown by molecular beam epitaxy N2 - An infrared photoconductor fabricated with a HgTe/CdTe superlattice grown on a GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy is described here for the first time. The growth procedure, device fabrication, and measurement results are described. The results show that the device has relatively high uniformity and 1000 K black-body detectivity 2.4 X 10\(^9\) cm Hz\(^{1/2}\) W\(^{-1}\) . The photoconductivity decay method was used for determining carrier lifetime of the HgTe/CdTe superlattice, the measured lifetime is 12\(\mu\)s at 77 K, which is the longest lifetime ever reported for HgTe/CdTe superlattices and we believe that the increase of lifetime is mainly due to the reduction of dimensions. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37772 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Poulat, F. A1 - Morin, D. A1 - Konig, A. A1 - Brun, P. A1 - Giltay, J. A1 - Sultan, C. A1 - Dumas, R. A1 - Gessler, Manfred A1 - Berta, P. T1 - Distinct molecular origins for Denys-Drash and Frasier syndromes N2 - The direct involvment of the Wilm's tumor suppressor gene (WTl) in Denys-Drash syndrome through mutations within exons 8 or 9 has recently been established. The absence of such alterations in three patients with Frasier syndrome provides a molecular basis for distinguishing these two syndromes that are associated with streak gonads, pseudohermaphroditism and renal failure. KW - Biochemie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59172 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plakhutin, B. N. A1 - Arbuznikov, Alexei V. A1 - Trofimov, A. B. T1 - Coupling coefficients for systems with two open electronic shells: transition metal ions with p\(^M\)d\(^N\) configuration N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30736 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Schwenzer, Michael A1 - Brody, Stuart A1 - Rau, Harald A1 - Birbaumer, Niels T1 - Hypochondriacal attitudes, pain sensitivity, and attentional bias N2 - The relation between hypochondriacal attitudes, thermal pain threshold, and attentional bias toward pain was examined in a non-clinical population (N = 28). Attentional bias was operationalized with a concentration-performance test, which subjects performed while connected to a pain stimulator. Subjects were informed that they would receive a painful stimulus during the second part of the test, while the first part was introduced as pain-free. The pain stimulus was never applied during the test phase. The expectancy of a forthcoming pain stimulus reduced the performance of high hypochondriacal subjects in both parts of the test. Low hypochondriacal subjects, on the other hand, displayed significantly better performance in the first, pain-free compared to the second, pain-related part of the test. Thermal pain thresholds were assessed at four measuring sites (thenar, neck, collar-bone, abdomen), but no relations with hypochondriasis sum scores and locus of pain stimulation were found. A stepwise multiple regression of pain threshold by individual Illness Attitude Scales (IAS) led to 66% of the variance being explained by the scales ‘concern about pain’, ‘worry about illness’, and ‘disease phobia’. Results are discussed in terms of amplifying somatic style, preoccupation with or attentional bias toward bodily symptoms, and experimental induction of a hypochondriacal state. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32617 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Rau, Harald A1 - Zhuang, Ping A1 - Brody, Stuart A1 - Birbaumer, Niels T1 - Effects of smoking on thermal pain threshold in deprived and minimally-deprived habitual smokers N2 - This study examined the antinociceptive effects of smoking in nine habitual smokers under deprived (12 h) and minimally-deprived (< 30min) conditions. Pain threshold for thermal stimuli, heart rate, blood pressure and ratings of mood, arousal, dominance and well-being were assessed before and after smoking a cigarette. Overall, smoking affected all measured variables in the expected direction, leading to increased physiological activity, elevated pain threshold and improved mood. However, most of these effects depended on the deprivation status of the subjects, such that smoking after deprivation increased pain threshold whereas smoking after minimal deprivation did not. Pain threshold before smoking was the same for both groups. Deprived subjects had lower pre-smoke diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and arousal levels, which rose to equal minimally-deprived subjects scores after smoking. KW - Pain threshold ; Smoking ; Nicotine ; Acute tolerance ; Deprivation ; Psychophysiologicat measures Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32607 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paakkari, P. A1 - Paakkari, I. A1 - Vonhof, S. A1 - Feuerstein, G. A1 - Sirén, Anna-Leena T1 - Dermorphin analog Tyr-D-Arg\(^2\)-Phe-sarcosine-induces opioid analgesia and respiratory stimulation - the role of Mu\(_1\)- receptors? N2 - Tyr-o-Arg\(^2\)-Phe-sarcosine\(^4\) (TAPS), a mu-selective tetrapeptide analog of dermorphin, induced sustained antinociception and stimulated ventilatory minute volume (MV) at the doses of 3 to 100 pmol i.c.v. The doses of 30 and 100 pmol i.c.v. induced catalepsy. The effect of TAPS on MV was in negative correlation with the dose and the maximal response was achieved by the lowest (3 pmol) dose (+63 ± 23%, P < .05). Morphine, an agonist at both mu\(_1\) and mu\(_2\) sites, at a dose of 150 nmol i.c.v. (equianalgetic to 100 pmol of TAPS decreased the MV by 30%, due to a decrease in ventilatory tidal volume. The antinociceptive effect of TAPS was antagonized by naloxone and the mu, receptor antagonist, naloxonazine. Naloxonazine also attenuated the catalepsy produced by 1 00 pmol of TAPS i.c. v. and the respiratory Stimulation produced by 3 pmol of TAPS i.c.v. Pretreatment with 30 pmol of TAPS antagonized the respiratory depression induced by the mu opioid agonist dermorphin (changes in MV after dermorphin alone at 1 or 3 nmol were -22 ± 1 0% and -60 ± 9% and, after pretreatment with TAPS, +44 ± 11 % and -18 ± 5%, respectively). After combined pretreatment with naloxonazine and TAPS, 1 nmol of dermorphin had no significant effect on ventilation. In contrast, pretreatment with a low respiratory stimulant dose (10 pmol i.c.v.) of dermorphin did not modify the effect of 1 nmol of dermorphin. ln conclusion, the antinociceptive, cataleptic and respiratory stimulant effects of TAPS appear to be a related to its agonist action at the mu, opioid receptors. TAPS did not induce respiratory depression (a mu\(_2\) opioid effect) but antagonized the respiratory depressant effect of another mu agonist. Thus, in vivo TAPS appears to act as a mu\(_2\) receptor antagonist. KW - Neurobiologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62984 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paakkari, P. A1 - Paakkari, I. A1 - Landes, P. A1 - Sirén, Anna-Leena A1 - Feuerstein, G. T1 - Respiratory \(\mu\)-Opioid and benzodiazepine interactions in the understrained rat N2 - lnteractions of p-opioid receptors with the benzodiazepine system were studied by examining the modulatory effects of flumazenil (a benzodiazepine antagonist) and alprazolam (a benzodiazepine agonist) on the respiratory effects ofthe opioid peptide dermorphin. Dermorphin, 1-30 nmol administered i.c.v., to conscious, unrestrained rats decreased ventilation rate (VR) and minute volume (MV) dose-dependently. The ventilatory depression was antagonized by naloxone and by the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil. The benzodiazepine alprazolam potentiateri the respiratory inhibition of a small (I nmol) dose of dermorphin but antagonized that of a higher dos:~ (3 nmol). The results suggest that the benzodiazepine/GABA receptor complex modulates respiratory depression induced by centrat p-receptor Stimulation in the rat. KW - Neurobiologie KW - dermorphin KW - opioid receptors KW - opioid-benzodiazepine interactions KW - respiration KW - flumazenil KW - benzodiazepine antagonist. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62974 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Näslung, J. C. A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Emerging literacy from kindergarten to second grade: Evidence from the Munich Longitudinal Study on the Genesis of Individual Competencies N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50513 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Netzer, Kai O. A1 - Schliephake, Andreas A1 - Maurer, Bernd A1 - Watanabe, Rihito A1 - Aguzzi, Adriano A1 - Rethwilm, Axel T1 - Identification of pol-related gene products of human foamy virus N2 - Human foamy viruspol gene fragments were molecularly cloned into a procaryotic expression vector. The expression pattern of the cloned fragments and nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5' pol gene region revealed that in HFV the protease (PR) is located in the pol open reading frame. Purified recombinant proteins were used to generate antibodies in rats. ln immunoblot assay, using infected cells as antigen, a precursor protein with an apparent molecular mass (M,) of 127K was identified by antibodies directed against the reverse transcriptase (RT), RNaseH, or integrase (IN) domeins of pol. With concentrated virus as antigen, the RT and RNaseH antibodies recognized a protein of 80K, the IN antiserum recognized a protein of 40K, and the PR antiserum detected a protein of approximately 10K. KW - Virologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61429 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nanda, Indrajit A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Epplen, Jörg T. A1 - Feichtinger, Wolfgang A1 - Schmid, Michael T1 - Primitive sex chromosomes in poeciliid fishes harbor simple repetitive DNA sequences N2 - The demonstration ofthe chromosomal mode ofsex determinationvia genetic experiments as well as the absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes affirm poeciliid fishes as a unique group among vertebrates that are endowed with the mostprimitive form of sex chromosornes. In many different taxa the evolutionary process involved in the differentiation ofadvanced sex chromosomes is outlined through sex specifically organized repetitive sequences. In this investigation hydridization of synthetic probes specific to genomic simple repeat motifs uncovers a sex-specific hybridization pattern in certain viviparaus fishes ofthe family Poeciliidae. The hybridization pattern together with specific staining ofthe constitutive heterochromatin by C-banding reveals heterogamety in males (Poecilia reticulata) as weil as in females (P. sphenops). In P. velifera, however, C-banding alone fails to unravel the heterogametic status. The female specific W-chromosome can be detected by simple repetitive sequence probes. Therefore, the principal significance of heterochromatization as a means of generating differentiated sex chromosomes is evident. KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61659 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, J. A1 - Krenn, V. A1 - Czub, S. A1 - Schindler, C. A1 - Kneitz, C. A1 - Kerkau, T. A1 - Stahl-Henning, C. A1 - Coulibaly, C. A1 - Hunsmann, G. A1 - Rethwilm, Axel A1 - ter Meulen, Volker A1 - Müller-Hermelink, H. K. T1 - The thymus in SIV infection N2 - no abstract available KW - HIV-Infektion KW - Tierversuch KW - Tiermodell KW - Retroviren-Infektion KW - Kongress KW - Hamburg Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80265 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, J. G. A1 - Krenn, V. A1 - Schindler, C. A1 - Czub, S. A1 - Stahl-Henning, C. A1 - Coulibaly, C. A1 - Hunsmann, G. A1 - Kneitz, C. A1 - Kerkau, Thomas A1 - Rethwilm, Axel A1 - terMeulen, Volker T1 - Alterations of thymus cortical epithelium and interdigitating dendritic cells but no increase of thymocyte cell death in the early course of simian immunodeficiency virus infection N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32583 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, J. G. A1 - Krenn, V. A1 - Schindler, C. A1 - Czub, S. A1 - Stahl-Henning, C. A1 - Coulibaly, C. A1 - Hunsmann, G. A1 - Kneitz, C. A1 - Kerkau, T. A1 - Rethwilm, A. A1 - ter Meulen, V. A1 - Müller-Hermelink, H. K. T1 - Alterations of Thymus Cortical Epithelium and Interdigitating Dendritic Cells but No Increase of Thymocyte Cell Death in the Early Course of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection JF - American Journal of Pathology N2 - The role of the thymus in the pathogenesis of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was investigated in 18 juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The thymus was infected from the first week post-SIVmac inoculation, but the amount of virus-positive cells was very low « 1 in 1 04 T cells) as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. First morphological alteration was a narrowing of the cortex at 12 and 24 wpi. Morphometry revealed no increase of pyknotic T cells but a decrease of the proliferation rate andflow cytometry showed a reduction of the immature \(CD4^+/CD8^+\) double-positive T cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed vacuolization, shrinkage, andfinally cytolysis of the cortical epithelial cells and the interdigitating dendritic cells. Immunofluorescence staining exhibited a widespread loss of cortical epithelial cells. This damage to the thymic microenvironment could explain the breakdown of the intrathymic T cell proliferation. It preceded fully developed simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is therefore considered to play a major role in its pathogenesis. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128250 VL - 143 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mäueler, Winfried A1 - Schartl, Angelika A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Different expression patterns of oncogenes and proto-oncogenes in hereditary and carcinogen-induced tumors of Xiphophorus N2 - Hereditary melanoma in Xiphophorus hybrids canying the melanoma·induclng Tu-Sd locus is caused by transcriptional activation of the Xmrk gene that resides at the Tu·Sd locus and encodes a novel member of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). ln this study, a total of 17 hereditary melanomas from various hybrid genotypes harbouring 7 different Tu alleles were also found to aver-express the correspondlng Xmrlc alleles. The Ievei of over-expression correlated with the degree of malignancy of the melanoma. ln addition, Xsrc expression was high ln many malignant melanomas. Expression pattems and Ieveis of the Xiphophorus EGF-receptor gene (Xerb B), the c-myc (Xmyc), and the PDGF (Xsls) gene(s) were not intriguing. Transcription of the ras gene(s) may be correlated to secondary events of melanoma progression. Expression pattems of Xfms, the Xiphophorus CSF-1 receptor homologue, can be explained by different contents of infiltrating macrophages in the tumors. ln carcinogen-induced tumors includlng one melanoma no significant expression of the Xmrk oncogene could be detected. Xsrc expression, however, was strikingly high. This indicates that activation of oncogenes other than Xmrk ls instrumental in tumorigenesls of neoplasia of non-hereditary origin. KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61592 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morschhäuser, Joachim A1 - Vetter, Viktoria A1 - Korhonen, Timo A1 - Uhlin, Bernt Eric A1 - Hacker, Jörg T1 - Regulation and binding properties of S fimbriae cloned from E. coli strains causing urinary tract infection and meningitis N2 - S fimbriae are able to recognize receptor molecules containing sialic acid and are produced by pathogenic E. coli strains causing urinary tract infection and menigitis. In order to characterize the corresponding genetic determinant, termed S fimbrial adhesin ( sfa) gene duster, we have cloned the S-specific genes from a urinary pathogen and from a meningitis isolate. Nine genes are involved in the production of S fimbriae, two of these, sfaB and sfaC code for regulatory proteins being necessary for the expression of S fimbriae. Two promoters, PB and Pc, are located in front of these genes. Transcription of the sfa determinant is influenced by activation of the promotersvia SfaB and SfaC, the action of the H-NS protein and an RNaseE-specific mRNA processing. In addition, a third promoter, P A• located in front of the major subunit gene sfaA, can be activated under special circumstances. Four genes of the sfa determinant code for the subunit-specific proteins, SfaA (16 kda), SfaG (17 kda), SfaS (14 kda) and SfaH (29 kda). It was demonstrated that the protein SfaA is the major subunit protein while SfaS is identical to the sialic-acid-specific adhesin of S fimbriae. The introduction of specific mutations into sfaS revealed that a region of six amino acids of the adhesin which includes two lysine and one arginine residues is involved in the receptor specific interaction of S fimbriae. Additionally, it has been shown that SfaS is necessary for the induction of fimbriation while SfaH plays a role in the stringency of binding of S fimbriae to erythrocytes. KW - Escherichia coli KW - Harnwegsinfekt KW - Hirnhautentzündung Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86140 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morschhäuser, J. A1 - Uhlin, B. E. A1 - Hacker, Jörg T1 - Transcriptional analysis and regulation of the sfa determinant coding for S fimbria of pathogenic E. coli strains N2 - The sfa determinant codes for S fimbrial adhesins which constitute adherence factors of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Wehave recently shown that the sfa determinant is transcribed from three prömoters, pA, pB, and pC. In comparison with the promoters pB and pC, promoter pA, which is located in front of the structural gene sfaA, showed very weak activity. Herewe have determined the exact positions ofthe mRNA start points by primer extension studies. We have also shown that mRNAs of 500, 700 and 1400 bases can be detected using oligonucleotide probes specific for the genes sfaB, sfaC and sfaA. SfaB and SfaC arepositive regulators infiuencing fimbriation and the production of the S-specific adhesin which is encoded by the gene sfaS Iocated in the distal half of the determinant. In addition, it is demonstrated that SfaB and SfaC interfere with the regulatory effect of the histone-like protein H-NS, encoded by a locus termed drdX or osmZ. In a drdx+ strain the regulators are necessary for transcription of the sfa determinant. In contrast, sfa expression is activator-independent in a drdx- strain. In this latter genetic background, a substantial fraction of the sfa transcripts is initiated from promoter pA. On the basis of these data we discuss a model for the regulation of this adhesin-specific determinant. KW - Infektionsbiologie KW - Gene regulation KW - Fimbriae KW - Adhesion KW - Transcription KW - trans-activation Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59844 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moll, Heidrun A1 - Fuchs, Harald A1 - Blank, Christine A1 - Röllinghoff, Martin T1 - Langerhans cells transport Leishmania major from the infected skin to the draining lymph node for presentation to antigen-specific T cells N2 - No abstract available KW - Immunologie KW - Langerhans cell KW - Leishmania major KW - T-cell Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moll, Heidrun T1 - Epidermal Langerhans cells are critical for immunoregulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis N2 - In leishmaniasis, macrophages are known to play a central role as modulators of the specific immune activity. In this article, Heidrun Moll presents evidence for the critical involvement of another component of the skin immune system, the epidermal Langerhans cell. She proposes that Langerhans cells take up parasites in the skin and transport them to the draining lymph node for presentation to T cells and initiation of the specific immune response. KW - Biologie KW - Immunologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61323 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Moll, Heidrun T1 - Experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis: Langerhans cells internalize Leishmania major and induce an antigen-specific T-cell response. N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30932 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moll, Heidrun T1 - Development of helper T cell subsets: a central role for interleukin 12 N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30975 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Metropoulos, B. A1 - Engels, Bernd A1 - Peyerimhoff, S.D. T1 - On the chemi-ionization reaction O + CH ----> HCO\(^+\)+ e\(^-\). Coollinear O-CH Approach N2 - We have investigated theoretically the importance of the O(\(^3\)P)+CH(a\(^4\sum^-\)) and the O(\(^3\)P)+CH(X\(^2\Pi\)) channels in the collinear chemi-ionization reaction O+CH->HCO\(^+\) +e\(^-\). We have found that both channels may lead to chemi-ionization via favorable Franck-Condon overlaps with the states ofthe ionic species. KW - Organische Chemie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58963 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Masu, Yasuo A1 - Wolf, Eckhard A1 - Holtmann, Bettina A1 - Sendtner, Michael A1 - Brem, Gottfried A1 - Thoenen, Hans T1 - Disruption of the CNTF gene results in motor neuron degeneration N2 - CNTF is a cytosolic molecule expressed postnatally in myelinating Schwann cells and in a subpopulation of astrocytes. Although CNTF administration prevents lesion-mediated and genetically determined motor neuron degeneration, its physiological function remained elusive. Here it is reported that abolition of CNTF gene expression by homologous recombination results in a progressive atrophy and loss of motor neurons in adult mice, which is functionally reflected by a small but significant reduction in muscle strength. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33038 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Macht, Michael A1 - Janke, Wilhelm T1 - Effects of short-term energy deprivation on stress reactions in humans N2 - No abstract available. KW - Stressreaktion Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87093 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Macht, Michael T1 - Psychophysiological effects of a short-term reduction of energy supply N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55269 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lutz, Werner K. A1 - Schlatter, Josef T1 - The relative importance of mutagens and carcinogens in the diet. N2 - Known mutagens and carcinogens in the dict were compiled and the risk of cancer was estimated on the basis of average exposure Ievels in Switzerland and carcinogenic potencies from rodent bioassays. The analysis showed that, except for a1cohol, the sum of all known dietary carcinogens could only explain a few percent of the cancer deaths attributed by epidemiologists to dietary factors. The discrepancy was explained by a "carcinogenicity" of excess macronutrients. This hypothesis was based on an evaluation of dietary restriction experiments in rats and mice, where a dramatic reducing effect on spontaneaus tumour formation was seen. From these experiments, a "carcinogenic potency" was deduced for food in excess (TD50 approximately 16 g/kg per day). Ovemutrition in Switzerland was converted into excess food intake and the cancer risk estimated on the basis ofthe TD50 value. The resulting risk of60,000 cases per one million lives wou1d aJlow to explain by overnutrition almost all "diet-related" cancer deaths in humans. KW - Medizin Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86311 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lutz, Werner K. A1 - Cantoreggi, S. A1 - Velic, I. T1 - DNA binding and stimulation of cell division in the carcinogenicity of styrene 7,8-oxide N2 - [7-3H)Styrene 7,8-oxide was administered by oral gavage to male CD rats at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg. After 4 h, the forestomach was excised, DNA was isolated, purified to constant specific radioactivity and degraded nzymatically to the 3 '-nucleotides. Highperformance liquid chromatography fractions with the normal nucleotides contained most of the radiolabel, but a minute level of adduct label was also detccted. Using the units of the covalent binding index (micromoles adduct per mole DNA nucleotide)/(millimole chemical administered per kilogram body weight), a DNA binding potency of 1.0 was derived. A comparison of the covalent binding indices and carcinogenic potencies of other genotoxic forestarnach carcinogens showed that the tumorigenic activity of styrene oxide is unlikely to be purely genotoxic. Therefore, styrene oxide was compared with 3-tbutylhydroxyanisole (BHA) with respect to stimulation of cell proliferation in the forestomach. Male Fischer 344 rats were treated for four weeks at three dose levels of styrene oxide (0, 137, 275 and 550 mg/kg, three times per week by oral gavage) and BHA (0, 0.5, 1 and 2% in the diet); the highest doses had been reported to result in 84% and 22% carcinomas in the forestomach, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA and immunohistochemical analysis. An increase in the lablling indexwas found in a11 treated animals. In the prefundic region of the forestomach, the labeHing index increased significantly, from 42% (controls) to 54% with styrene oxide and from 41 to 55% with BHA. Rats treated with BHA also had severe hyperplastic lesions in the prefundic region, i.e., at the location of BHA-induced forestomach carcinomas. The number of cells per millimetre of section length was increased up to 19 fold. Hyperplastic lesions were not seen with styrene oxide, despite the higher tumour incidence reported with this compound. We conclude that the carcinogenicity of styrene oxide to the forestomach most probably involves a mechanism in which marginal genotoxicity is combined with promotion by increased cell proliferation. KW - Styrol KW - DNS-Bindung KW - Zellteilung KW - Carcinogenität Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71597 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, T. A1 - McDonnell, PC A1 - Young, PR A1 - White, RF A1 - Sirèn, Anna-Leena A1 - Hallenbeck, JM A1 - Barone, FC A1 - Feuerstein, Giora T1 - Interleukin-1ß mRNA expression in ischemic rat cortex N2 - Background and Pur pose: Interleukin-1ß is a proinftammatory cytokine produced by blood-borne and resident brain inftammatory cells. The present study was conducted to determine if interleukin-1ß mRNA was produced in the brain of rats subjected to permanent focal ischemia. Methods: Rat interleukin-1ß cDNA, synthesized from stimulated rat peritoneal macrophage RNA by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction and c10ned in plasmid Bluescript KS+, was used to evaluate the expression of interleukin-1ß mRNA in cerebral cortex from spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive rats subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Interleukin-1ß mRNA was quantified by Northern blot analysis and compared with rat macrophage RNA standard. To correct for gel loading, blots were also analyzed with cyclophilin cDNA, which encodes an abundant, conserved protein that was unchanged by the experimental conditions. Results: Interleukin-1ß mRNA produced in the ischemic zone was significantly increased from 6 hours to 120 hours, with a maximum of211±24% ofinterleukin-1ß reference standard, ie, 0.2 ng stimulated rat macrophage RNA, mRNA compared with the level in nonischemic cortices (4±2%) at 12 hours after ischemia (P<.OI; n=6). Interleukin-1ß mRNA at 12 hours after ischemia was markedly elevated in hypertensive rats over levels found in two normotensive rat strains. Neurological deficits were also apparent only in the hypertensive rats. Conclusions: Brain interleukin-1ß mRNA is elevated acutely after permanent focal ischemia and especially in hypertensive rats. These data suggest that this potent proinflammatory and procoagulant cytokine might have a role in brain damage following ischemia. KW - Gehirn KW - Durchblutung KW - cerebraI ischemia KW - cytokines KW - neuronal damage KW - rats Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47442 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lambert, Christoph A1 - Kaupp, Martin A1 - Schleyer, Paul von Rague T1 - “Inverted” Sodium-Lithium Electronegativity: Polarity and Metalation Energies of Organic and Inorganic Alkali-Metal Compounds N2 - No abstract available KW - Anorganische Chemie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60054 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kübler, Norbert A1 - Reuther, Jürgen A1 - Kirchner, Thomas A1 - Priessnitz, Bernd A1 - Sebald, Walter T1 - Osteoinductive, morphologic, and biomechanical properties of autolyzed, antigen-extracted, allogeneic human bone N2 - Autolyzed, antigen-extracted, allogeneic (AAA) bone was prepared from human cortical bone and its morphologic, biomechanical, and osteoinductive properlies were compared with untreated (frozen) as well as lyophilized human bone. Scanning electron microscopy revealed removal of inprganic calcium phosphates and persistence of shrunken collagen fibrils on the surface of AAA bone matrix. Biomechanical testing of differently prepared bone samples showed that lyophilization increased both the modulus of elasticity (P < .00001) and the compressive strength (P < .00001 ). Depending on the depth of decalcification in the preparation of AAA bone, both measured values decreased in rehydrated AAA bone compared with untreated bone {P < .00001 ). Completely demineralized and rehydrated AAA bone was soft, flexible, and showed very little compressive strength. Differences in biomechanical behavior between samples drilled longitudinally or perpendicularly to the diaphyseal bone axis were observed. Xenogeneic human bone samples were implanted in muscle pouches of Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 weeks. AAA bone implants showed chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in 50% of the cases, while untreated or lyophilized bone implants induced no new cartilage or bone formation. As decalcification exposed xenogeneic organic matrix components, AAA bone implants provoked the highest inflammatory reaction. When AAA bone samples were implanted in immunosuppressed rats, the inflammatory reaction was suppressed and 94o/o of the implants showed endochondral bone formation. The chondroinductivity of the bone samples also was tested in vitro using neonatal rat muscle tissue to avoid interference with inflammatory cells and secreted cytokines. In this assay, 68°/o of AAA bone samples induced chondroneogenesis, while untreated as weil as lyophilized bone samples failed to induce any cartilage formation. The results clearly dernonstrafe that AAA bone has osteoinductive properties. Biomechanical stability of AAA bone implants depends on the degree of demineralization. Thus, they can be prepared in an appropriate manner for different indications in oral and maxillofacial surgery. KW - Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts-Chirurgie KW - Oralchirurgie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86715 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kunin, Calvin M. A1 - Hua, Tong Hua A1 - Van Arsdale-White, Laura A1 - Krishnan, Chandradekar A1 - Hacker, Jörg T1 - Isolation of a nicotinamide-requiring clone of Escherichia coli O18:K1:H7 from women with acute cystitis resembles strains found in neonatal meningitis N2 - During a study of the nutritional requirements of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, we found that 21 (7.0%) of 301 strains required nicotinamide to grow in minimal medium. The nicotinamide- requiring strains were present in 16 (15.8%) of 101 cultures of urine from young women with acute cystitis, in 5 (5.0%) of 100 stool specimens from healthy adults, and in none of 100 blood samples from adult patients with bacteremia. Most of the strains belonged to serogroup OI8:KI:H7, were hemolytic, possessed type I fimbriae, and exhibited similar patterns of antibiotic susceptibility. Two of the urinary isolates expressed S fimbriae, and all 16 urinary isolates contained the s/aS homologue gene on their chromosomes. One of the stool isolates contained the s/aS gene. The urinary isolates closely resembled a large clone of E. coli that is reportedly associated with neonatal meningitis and sepsis. It may be possible to detect this and related clones by their requirement for nicotinamide and to screen strains for S fimbriae by relatively inexpensive hemagglutination methods, including the use of avian PI antigens to detect mannose- resistant, non-P-fimbriated E. coli; the agglutination of bovine erythrocytes; and the use of bovine mucin to detect sialyl galactosides in S fimbriae. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-40406 ER -