TY - JOUR A1 - Andreska, Thomas A1 - Aufmkolk, Sarah A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Blum, Robert T1 - High abundance of BDNF within glutamatergic presynapses of cultured hippocampal neurons JF - Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience N2 - In the mammalian brain, the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a key factor for synaptic refinement, plasticity and learning. Although BDNF-induced signaling cascades are well known, the spatial aspects of the synaptic BDNF localization remained unclear. Recent data provide strong evidence for an exclusive presynaptic location and anterograde secretion of endogenous BDNF at synapses of the hippocampal circuit. In contrast, various studies using BDNF overexpression in cultured hippocampal neurons support the idea that postsynaptic elements and other dendritic structures are the preferential sites of BDNF localization and release. In this study we used rigorously tested anti-BDNF antibodies and achieved a dense labeling of endogenous BDNF close to synapses. Confocal microscopy showed natural BDNF close to many, but not all glutamatergic synapses, while neither GABAergic synapses nor postsynaptic structures carried a typical synaptic BDNF label. To visualize the BDNF distribution within the fine structure of synapses, we implemented super resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). Two-color dSTORM images of neurites were acquired with a spatial resolution of ~20 nm. At this resolution, the synaptic scaffold proteins Bassoon and Homer exhibit hallmarks of mature synapses and form juxtaposed bars, separated by a synaptic cleft. BDNF imaging signals form granule-like clusters with a mean size of ~60 nm and are preferentially found within the fine structure of the glutamatergic presynapse. Individual glutamatergic presynapses carried up to 90% of the synaptic BDNF immunoreactivity, and only a minor fraction of BDNF molecules was found close to the postsynaptic bars. Our data proof that hippocampal neurons are able to enrich and store high amounts of BDNF in small granules within the mature glutamatergic presynapse, at a principle site of synaptic plasticity. KW - hippocampal neurons KW - synapse structure KW - presynapse KW - synaptic localization KW - BDNF Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119793 SN - 1662-5102 VL - 8 IS - 107 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anders, F. A1 - Schartl., Manfred A1 - Barnekow, A. A1 - Anders, A. T1 - Xiphophorus as an in vivo model for studies on normal and defective control of oncogenes N2 - The Xiphophorus tumor system has provided the opportunity to reduce the enormous complexity of cancer etiology to a few biological elements basically involved in neoplasia. The development of a tumor requires an oncogene which, after impairment, deletion, or elimination of its regulatory genes is permitted to mediate neoplastic transformation. Emphasis is being placed today in cancer research on the actual oncogenes themselves, but, in our opinion, the most important genes involved in neoplasia are these regulatory genes. However, although detected by c1assical genetics in the Xiphophorus system, th ese genes are not at present open to a more fin ely detailed molecular biological analysis. Their actual mode of action is therefore still far from being understood. KW - Xiphophorus Y1 - 1984 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80721 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anders, F. A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Barnekow, A. A1 - Schmidt, C. R. A1 - Luke, W. A1 - Jaenel-Dess, G. A1 - Anders, A. T1 - The genes that carcinogens act upon N2 - No abstract available. KW - Onkogen Y1 - 1985 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72704 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ampattu, Biju Joseph A1 - Hagmann, Laura A1 - Liang, Chunguang A1 - Dittrich, Marcus A1 - Schlüter, Andreas A1 - Blom, Jochen A1 - Krol, Elizaveta A1 - Goesmann, Alexander A1 - Becker, Anke A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Müller, Tobias A1 - Schoen, Christoph T1 - Transcriptomic buffering of cryptic genetic variation contributes to meningococcal virulence JF - BMC Genomics N2 - Background: Commensal bacteria like Neisseria meningitidis sometimes cause serious disease. However, genomic comparison of hyperinvasive and apathogenic lineages did not reveal unambiguous hints towards indispensable virulence factors. Here, in a systems biological approach we compared gene expression of the invasive strain MC58 and the carriage strain α522 under different ex vivo conditions mimicking commensal and virulence compartments to assess the strain-specific impact of gene regulation on meningococcal virulence. Results: Despite indistinguishable ex vivo phenotypes, both strains differed in the expression of over 500 genes under infection mimicking conditions. These differences comprised in particular metabolic and information processing genes as well as genes known to be involved in host-damage such as the nitrite reductase and numerous LOS biosynthesis genes. A model based analysis of the transcriptomic differences in human blood suggested ensuing metabolic flux differences in energy, glutamine and cysteine metabolic pathways along with differences in the activation of the stringent response in both strains. In support of the computational findings, experimental analyses revealed differences in cysteine and glutamine auxotrophy in both strains as well as a strain and condition dependent essentiality of the (p)ppGpp synthetase gene relA and of a short non-coding AT-rich repeat element in its promoter region. Conclusions: Our data suggest that meningococcal virulence is linked to transcriptional buffering of cryptic genetic variation in metabolic genes including global stress responses. They further highlight the role of regulatory elements for bacterial virulence and the limitations of model strain approaches when studying such genetically diverse species as N. meningitidis. KW - neisseria meningitidis KW - MITE KW - virulenceregulatory evolution KW - systems biology KW - metabolism KW - cryptic KW - genetic variation KW - stringent response KW - relA Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157534 VL - 18 IS - 282 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ambrožová, Lucie A1 - Finnberg, Sven A1 - Feldmann, Benedikt A1 - Buse, Jörn A1 - Preuss, Henry A1 - Ewald, Jörg A1 - Thorn, Simon T1 - Coppicing and topsoil removal promote diversity of dung‐inhabiting beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Staphylinidae) in forests JF - Agricultural and Forest Entomology N2 - Central European forests experience a substantial loss of open-forest organisms due to forest management and increasing nitrogen deposition. However, management strategies, removing different levels of nitrogen, have been rarely evaluated simultaneously. We tested the additive effects of coppicing and topsoil removal on communities of dung-inhabiting beetles compared to closed forests. We sampled 57 021 beetles, using baited pitfall traps exposed on 27 plots. Experimental treatments resulted in significantly different communities by promoting open-habitat species. While alpha diversity did not differ among treatments, gamma diversity of Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae and beta diversity of Staphylinidae were higher in coppice than in forest. Functional diversity of rove beetles was higher in both, coppice and topsoil-removed plots, compared to control plots. This was likely driven by higher habitat heterogeneity in established forest openings. Five dung beetle species and four rove beetle species benefitted from coppicing, one red-listed dung beetle and two rove beetle species benefitted from topsoil removal. Our results demonstrate that dung-inhabiting beetles related to open forest patches can be promoted by both, coppicing and additional topsoil removal. A mosaic of coppice and bare-soil-rich patches can hence promote landscape-level gamma diversity of dung and rove beetles within forests. KW - nitrogen uptake KW - dung beetle KW - forest management KW - functional diversity KW - insect decline KW - rove beetle Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258296 VL - 24 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amatobi, Kelechi M. A1 - Ozbek-Unal, Ayten Gizem A1 - Schäbler, Stefan A1 - Deppisch, Peter A1 - Helfrich-Förster, Charlotte A1 - Mueller, Martin J. A1 - Wegener, Christian A1 - Fekete, Agnes T1 - The circadian clock is required for rhythmic lipid transport in Drosophila in interaction with diet and photic condition JF - Journal of Lipid Research N2 - Modern lifestyle is often at odds with endogenously driven rhythmicity, which can lead to circadian disruption and metabolic syndrome. One signature for circadian disruption is a reduced or altered metabolite cycling in the circulating tissue reflecting the current metabolic status. Drosophila is a well-established model in chronobiology, but day-time dependent variations of transport metabolites in the fly circulation are poorly characterized. Here, we sampled fly hemolymph throughout the day and analyzed diacylglycerols (DGs), phosphoethanolamines (PEs) and phosphocholines (PCs) using LC-MS. In wild-type flies kept on sugar-only medium under a light-dark cycle, all transport lipid species showed a synchronized bimodal oscillation pattern with maxima at the beginning and end of the light phase which were impaired in period01 clock mutants. In wild-type flies under constant dark conditions, the oscillation became monophasic with a maximum in the middle of the subjective day. In strong support of clock-driven oscillations, levels of the targeted lipids peaked once in the middle of the light phase under time-restricted feeding independent of the time of food intake. When wild-type flies were reared on full standard medium, the rhythmic alterations of hemolymph lipid levels were greatly attenuated. Our data suggest that the circadian clock aligns daily oscillations of DGs, PEs, and PCs in the hemolymph to the anabolic siesta phase, with a strong influence of light on phase and modality. KW - hemolymph lipids KW - lipidomics KW - circadian rhythm KW - feeding KW - locomotor activity KW - light-driven metabolism Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349961 VL - 64 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alsheimer, Manfred A1 - Link, Jana A1 - Leubner, Monika A1 - Schmitt, Johannes A1 - Göb, Eva A1 - Benavente, Ricardo A1 - Jeang, Kuan-Teh A1 - Xu, Rener T1 - Analysis of Meiosis in SUN1 Deficient Mice Reveals a Distinct Role of SUN2 in Mammalian Meiotic LINC Complex Formation and Function N2 - LINC complexes are evolutionarily conserved nuclear envelope bridges, composed of SUN (Sad-1/UNC-84) and KASH (Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne/homology) domain proteins. They are crucial for nuclear positioning and nuclear shape determination, and also mediate nuclear envelope (NE) attachment of meiotic telomeres, essential for driving homolog synapsis and recombination. In mice, SUN1 and SUN2 are the only SUN domain proteins expressed during meiosis, sharing their localization with meiosis-specific KASH5. Recent studies have shown that loss of SUN1 severely interferes with meiotic processes. Absence of SUN1 provokes defective telomere attachment and causes infertility. Here, we report that meiotic telomere attachment is not entirely lost in mice deficient for SUN1, but numerous telomeres are still attached to the NE through SUN2/KASH5-LINC complexes. In Sun12/2 meiocytes attached telomeres retained the capacity to form bouquetlike clusters. Furthermore, we could detect significant numbers of late meiotic recombination events in Sun12/2 mice. Together, this indicates that even in the absence of SUN1 telomere attachment and their movement within the nuclear envelope per se can be functional. Author summary: Correct genome haploidization during meiosis requires tightly regulated chromosome movements that follow a highly conserved choreography during prophase I. Errors in these movements cause subsequent meiotic defects, which typically lead to infertility. At the beginning of meiotic prophase, chromosome ends are tethered to the nuclear envelope (NE). This attachment of telomeres appears to be mediated by well-conserved membrane spanning protein complexes within the NE (LINC complexes). In mouse meiosis, the two main LINC components SUN1 and SUN2 were independently described to localize at the sites of telomere attachment. While SUN1 has been demonstrated to be critical for meiotic telomere attachment, the precise role of SUN2 in this context, however, has been discussed controversially in the field. Our current study was targeted to determine the factual capacity of SUN2 in telomere attachment and chromosome movements in SUN1 deficient mice. Remarkably, although telomere attachment is impaired in the absence of SUN1, we could find a yet undescribed SUN1-independent telomere attachment, which presumably is mediated by SUN2 and KASH5. This SUN2 mediated telomere attachment is stable throughout prophase I and functional in moving telomeres within the NE. Thus, our results clearly indicate that SUN1 and SUN2, at least partially, fulfill redundant meiotic functions. KW - telomeres KW - spermatocytes KW - Oocytes KW - meiosis KW - protein domains KW - cytoskeleton KW - synapsis KW - homologous chromosomes Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111355 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alsheimer, Manfred A1 - Link, Jana A1 - Jahn, Daniel A1 - Schmitt, Johannes A1 - Göb, Eva A1 - Baar, Johannes A1 - Ortega, Sagrario A1 - Benavente, Ricardo T1 - The Meiotic Nuclear Lamina Regulates Chromosome Dynamics and Promotes Efficient Homologous Recombination in the Mouse JF - PLoS Genetics N2 - The nuclear lamina is the structural scaffold of the nuclear envelope and is well known for its central role in nuclear organization and maintaining nuclear stability and shape. In the past, a number of severe human disorders have been identified to be associated with mutations in lamins. Extensive research on this topic has provided novel important clues about nuclear lamina function. These studies have contributed to the knowledge that the lamina constitutes a complex multifunctional platform combining both structural and regulatory functions. Here, we report that, in addition to the previously demonstrated significance for somatic cell differentiation and maintenance, the nuclear lamina is also an essential determinant for germ cell development. Both male and female mice lacking the short meiosis-specific A-type lamin C2 have a severely defective meiosis, which at least in the male results in infertility. Detailed analysis revealed that lamin C2 is required for telomere-driven dynamic repositioning of meiotic chromosomes. Loss of lamin C2 affects precise synapsis of the homologs and interferes with meiotic double-strand break repair. Taken together, our data explain how the nuclear lamina contributes to meiotic chromosome behaviour and accurate genome haploidization on a mechanistic level. KW - homologous chromosomes KW - homologous recombination KW - lamins KW - Oocytes KW - spermatocytes KW - synapsis KW - telomeres KW - testes Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96285 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alnusaire, Taghreed S. A1 - Sayed, Ahmed M. A1 - Elmaidomy, Abeer H. A1 - Al-Sanea, Mohammad M. A1 - Albogami, Sarah A1 - Albqmi, Mha A1 - Alowaiesh, Bassam F. A1 - Mostafa, Ehab M. A1 - Musa, Arafa A1 - Youssif, Khayrya A. A1 - Refaat, Hesham A1 - Othman, Eman M. A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Alaaeldin, Eman A1 - Ghoneim, Mohammed M. A1 - Abdelmohsen, Usama Ramadan T1 - An in vitro and in silico study of the enhanced antiproliferative and pro-oxidant potential of Olea europaea L. cv. Arbosana leaf extract via elastic nanovesicles (spanlastics) JF - Antioxidants N2 - The olive tree is a venerable Mediterranean plant and often used in traditional medicine. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Olea europaea L. cv. Arbosana leaf extract (OLE) and its encapsulation within a spanlastic dosage form on the improvement of its pro-oxidant and antiproliferative activity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 human cancer cell lines. The LC-HRESIMS-assisted metabolomic profile of OLE putatively annotated 20 major metabolites and showed considerable in vitro antiproliferative activity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cell lines with IC\(_{50}\) values of 9.2 ± 0.8, 7.1 ± 0.9, and 6.5 ± 0.7 µg/mL, respectively. The encapsulation of OLE within a (spanlastic) nanocarrier system, using a spraying method and Span 40 and Tween 80 (4:1 molar ratio), was successfully carried out (size 41 ± 2.4 nm, zeta potential 13.6 ± 2.5, and EE 61.43 ± 2.03%). OLE showed enhanced thermal stability, and an improved in vitro antiproliferative effect against HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 (IC\(_{50}\) 3.6 ± 0.2, 2.3 ± 0.1, and 1.8 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively) in comparison to the unprocessed extract. Both preparations were found to exhibit pro-oxidant potential inside the cancer cells, through the potential inhibitory activity of OLE against glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase (IC\(_{50}\) 1.18 ± 0.12 and 2.33 ± 0.19 µg/mL, respectively). These inhibitory activities were proposed via a comprehensive in silico study to be linked to the presence of certain compounds in OLE. Consequently, we assume that formulating such a herbal extract within a suitable nanocarrier would be a promising improvement of its therapeutic potential. KW - olive KW - metabolomic profiling KW - antiproliferative KW - pro-oxidant KW - encapsulation KW - spanlastic KW - nanocarrier KW - docking KW - molecular dynamics simulation KW - Olea Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250064 SN - 2076-3921 VL - 10 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alizadehrad, Davod A1 - Krüger, Timothy A1 - Engstler, Markus A1 - Stark, Holger T1 - Simulating the complex cell design of Trypanosoma brucei and its motility JF - PLOS Computational Biology N2 - The flagellate Trypanosoma brucei, which causes the sleeping sickness when infecting a mammalian host, goes through an intricate life cycle. It has a rather complex propulsion mechanism and swims in diverse microenvironments. These continuously exert selective pressure, to which the trypanosome adjusts with its architecture and behavior. As a result, the trypanosome assumes a diversity of complex morphotypes during its life cycle. However, although cell biology has detailed form and function of most of them, experimental data on the dynamic behavior and development of most morphotypes is lacking. Here we show that simulation science can predict intermediate cell designs by conducting specific and controlled modifications of an accurate, nature-inspired cell model, which we developed using information from live cell analyses. The cell models account for several important characteristics of the real trypanosomal morphotypes, such as the geometry and elastic properties of the cell body, and their swimming mechanism using an eukaryotic flagellum. We introduce an elastic network model for the cell body, including bending rigidity and simulate swimming in a fluid environment, using the mesoscale simulation technique called multi-particle collision dynamics. The in silico trypanosome of the bloodstream form displays the characteristic in vivo rotational and translational motility pattern that is crucial for survival and virulence in the vertebrate host. Moreover, our model accurately simulates the trypanosome's tumbling and backward motion. We show that the distinctive course of the attached flagellum around the cell body is one important aspect to produce the observed swimming behavior in a viscous fluid, and also required to reach the maximal swimming velocity. Changing details of the flagellar attachment generates less efficient swimmers. We also simulate different morphotypes that occur during the parasite's development in the tsetse fly, and predict a flagellar course we have not been able to measure in experiments so far. KW - multiparticle collision dynamics KW - human african trypanosomiasis KW - biology KW - cytoskeleton KW - flow KW - flagellar motility KW - tsetse fly KW - propulsion KW - cytokinesis KW - parasites Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144610 VL - 11 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albrecht, Marco A1 - Sharma, Cynthia M. A1 - Reinhardt, Richard A1 - Vogel, Joerg A1 - Rudel, Thomas T1 - Deep sequencing-based discovery of the Chlamydia trachomatis transcriptome N2 - Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogenic bacterium that has been refractory to genetic manipulations. Although the genomes of several strains have been sequenced, very little information is available on the gene structure of these bacteria. We used deep sequencing to define the transcriptome of purified elementary bodies (EB) and reticulate bodies (RB) of C. trachomatis L2b, respectively. Using an RNAseq approach, we have mapped 363 transcriptional start sites (TSS) of annotated genes. Semiquantitative analysis of mapped cDNA reads revealed differences in the RNA levels of 84 genes isolated from EB and RB, respectively. We have identified and in part confirmed 42 genome- and 1 plasmid-derived novel non-coding RNAs. The genome encoded non-coding RNA, ctrR0332 was one of the most abundantly and differentially expressed RNA in EB and RB, implying an important role in the developmental cycle of C. trachomatis. The detailed map of TSS in a thus far unprecedented resolution as a complement to the genome sequence will help to understand the organization, control and function of genes of this important pathogen. KW - Biologie Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-68389 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albrecht, Marco A1 - Sharma, Cynthia M. A1 - Dittrich, Marcus T. A1 - Müller, Tobias A1 - Reinhardt, Richard A1 - Vogel, Jörg A1 - Rudel, Thomas T1 - The Transcriptional Landscape of Chlamydia pneumoniae N2 - Background: Gene function analysis of the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae is hampered by the facts that this organism is inaccessible to genetic manipulations and not cultivable outside the host. The genomes of several strains have been sequenced; however, very little information is available on the gene structure and transcriptome of C. pneumoniae. Results: Using a differential RNA-sequencing approach with specific enrichment of primary transcripts, we defined the transcriptome of purified elementary bodies and reticulate bodies of C. pneumoniae strain CWL-029; 565 transcriptional start sites of annotated genes and novel transcripts were mapped. Analysis of adjacent genes for cotranscription revealed 246 polycistronic transcripts. In total, a distinct transcription start site or an affiliation to an operon could be assigned to 862 out of 1,074 annotated protein coding genes. Semi-quantitative analysis of mapped cDNA reads revealed significant differences for 288 genes in the RNA levels of genes isolated from elementary bodies and reticulate bodies. We have identified and in part confirmed 75 novel putative non-coding RNAs. The detailed map of transcription start sites at single nucleotide resolution allowed for the first time a comprehensive and saturating analysis of promoter consensus sequences in Chlamydia. Conclusions: The precise transcriptional landscape as a complement to the genome sequence will provide new insights into the organization, control and function of genes. Novel non-coding RNAs and identified common promoter motifs will help to understand gene regulation of this important human pathogen. KW - Chlamydia pneumoniae Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69116 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albrecht, Jörg A1 - Classen, Alice A1 - Vollstädt, Maximilian G.R. A1 - Mayr, Antonia A1 - Mollel, Neduvoto P. A1 - Schellenberger Costa, David A1 - Dulle, Hamadi I. A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Hemp, Andreas A1 - Howell, Kim M. A1 - Kleyer, Michael A1 - Nauss, Thomas A1 - Peters, Marcell K. A1 - Tschapka, Marco A1 - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin A1 - Schleuning, Matthias T1 - Plant and animal functional diversity drive mutualistic network assembly across an elevational gradient JF - Nature Communications N2 - Species' functional traits set the blueprint for pair-wise interactions in ecological networks. Yet, it is unknown to what extent the functional diversity of plant and animal communities controls network assembly along environmental gradients in real-world ecosystems. Here we address this question with a unique dataset of mutualistic bird-fruit, bird-flower and insect-flower interaction networks and associated functional traits of 200 plant and 282 animal species sampled along broad climate and land-use gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro. We show that plant functional diversity is mainly limited by precipitation, while animal functional diversity is primarily limited by temperature. Furthermore, shifts in plant and animal functional diversity along the elevational gradient control the niche breadth and partitioning of the respective other trophic level. These findings reveal that climatic constraints on the functional diversity of either plants or animals determine the relative importance of bottom-up and top-down control in plant-animal interaction networks. KW - Traits-Environment Relationships KW - Species Traits KW - Ecological Networks KW - 4TH-Corner Problem KW - Multiple Traits KW - Bottom-up KW - Biodiversity KW - Community ecology KW - Ecological networks KW - Ecology KW - Ecosystem ecology Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221056 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albert, Štefan A1 - Spaethe, Johannes A1 - Grübel, Kornelia A1 - Rössler, Wolfgang T1 - Royal jelly-like protein localization reveals differences in hypopharyngeal glands buildup and conserved expression pattern in brains of bumblebees and honeybees N2 - Royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) of the honeybee bear several open questions. One of them is their expression in tissues other than the hypopharyngeal glands (HGs), the site of royal jelly production. The sole MRJP-like gene of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (BtRJPL), represents a pre-diversification stage of the MRJP gene evolution in bees. Here we investigate the expression of BtRJPL in the HGs and the brain of bumblebees. Comparison of the HGs of bumblebees and honeybees revealed striking differences in their morphology with respect to sex- and caste-specific appearance, number of cells per acinus, and filamentous actin (F-actin) rings. At the cellular level, we found a temporary F-actin-covered meshwork in the secretory cells, which suggests a role for actin in the biogenesis of the end apparatus in HGs. Using immunohistochemical localization, we show that BtRJPL is expressed in the bumblebee brain, predominantly in the Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies, the site of sensory integration in insects, and in the optic lobes. Our data suggest that a dual glandbrain function preceded the multiplication of MRJPs in the honeybee lineage. In the course of the honeybee evolution, HGs dramatically changed their morphology in order to serve a food-producing function. KW - Hypopharyngeal glands KW - Bumblebee KW - Bombus KW - Brain KW - Labial glands KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Kenyon cells KW - Mushroom bodies KW - Honeybee Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112733 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Al-Warhi, Tarfah A1 - Elmaidomy, Abeer H. A1 - Maher, Sherif A. A1 - Abu-Baih, Dalia H. A1 - Selim, Samy A1 - Albqmi, Mha A1 - Al-Sanea, Mohammad M. A1 - Alnusaire, Taghreed S. A1 - Ghoneim, Mohammed M. A1 - Mostafa, Ehab M. A1 - Hussein, Shaimaa A1 - El-Damasy, Ashraf K. A1 - Saber, Entesar Ali A1 - Elrehany, Mahmoud A. A1 - Sayed, Ahmed M. A1 - Othman, Eman M. A1 - El-Sherbiny, Mohamed A1 - Abdelmohsen, Usama Ramadan T1 - The wound-healing potential of Olea europaea L. Cv. Arbequina leaves extract: an integrated in vitro, in silico, and in vivo investigation JF - Metabolites N2 - Olea europaea L. Cv. Arbequina (OEA) (Oleaceae) is an olive variety species that has received little attention. Besides our previous work for the chemical profiling of OEA leaves using LC–HRESIMS, an additional 23 compounds are identified. An excision wound model is used to measure wound healing action. Wounds are provided with OEA (2% w/v) or MEBO\(^®\) cream (marketed treatment). The wound closure rate related to vehicle-treated wounds is significantly increased by OEA. Comparing to vehicle wound tissues, significant levels of TGF-β in OEA and MEBO\(^®\) (p < 0.05) are displayed by gene expression patterns, with the most significant levels in OEA-treated wounds. Proinflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β levels are substantially reduced in OEA-treated wounds. The capability of several lignan-related compounds to interact with MMP-1 is revealed by extensive in silico investigation of the major OEA compounds (i.e., inverse docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ΔG calculation), and their role in the wound-healing process is also characterized. The potential of OEA as a potent MMP-1 inhibitor is shown in subsequent in vitro testing (IC\(_{50}\) = 88.0 ± 0.1 nM). In conclusion, OEA is introduced as an interesting therapeutic candidate that can effectively manage wound healing because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. KW - olive KW - LC–HRESIMS KW - wound KW - Olea KW - TNF-α KW - virtual docking KW - TGF-β KW - MMP-1 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-286150 SN - 2218-1989 VL - 12 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Akhoon, Bashir A. A1 - Singh, Krishna P. A1 - Varshney, Megha A1 - Gupta, Shishir K. A1 - Shukla, Yogeshwar A1 - Gupta, Shailendra K. T1 - Understanding the Mechanism of Atovaquone Drug Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum Cytochrome b Mutation Y268S Using Computational Methods JF - PLOS ONE N2 - The rapid appearance of resistant malarial parasites after introduction of atovaquone (ATQ) drug has prompted the search for new drugs as even single point mutations in the active site of Cytochrome b protein can rapidly render ATQ ineffective. The presence of Y268 mutations in the Cytochrome b (Cyt b) protein is previously suggested to be responsible for the ATQ resistance in Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). In this study, we examined the resistance mechanism against ATQ in P. falciparum through computational methods. Here, we reported a reliable protein model of Cyt bc1 complex containing Cyt b and the Iron-Sulphur Protein (ISP) of P. falciparum using composite modeling method by combining threading, ab initio modeling and atomic-level structure refinement approaches. The molecular dynamics simulations suggest that Y268S mutation causes ATQ resistance by reducing hydrophobic interactions between Cyt bc1 protein complex and ATQ. Moreover, the important histidine contact of ATQ with the ISP chain is also lost due to Y268S mutation. We noticed the induced mutation alters the arrangement of active site residues in a fashion that enforces ATQ to find its new stable binding site far away from the wild-type binding pocket. The MM-PBSA calculations also shows that the binding affinity of ATQ with Cyt bc1 complex is enough to hold it at this new site that ultimately leads to the ATQ resistance. KW - molecular-dynamics simulations KW - HIV-1 protease KW - structure prediction KW - saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - I-tasser KW - inhibitors KW - binding KW - malaria KW - complex KW - protein-protein interactions Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-114882 VL - 9 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Akhoon, Bashir A. A1 - Gupta, Shishir K. A1 - Tiwari, Sudeep A1 - Rathor, Laxmi A1 - Pant, Aakanksha A1 - Singh, Nivedita A1 - Gupta, Shailendra K. A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Pandey, Rakesh T1 - C. elegans protein interaction network analysis probes RNAi validated pro-longevity effect of nhr-6, a human homolog of tumor suppressor Nr4a1 JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Protein-protein interaction (PPI) studies are gaining momentum these days due to the plethora of various high-throughput experimental methods available for detecting PPIs. Proteins create complexes and networks by functioning in harmony with other proteins and here in silico network biology hold the promise to reveal new functionality of genes as it is very difficult and laborious to carry out experimental high-throughput genetic screens in living organisms. We demonstrate this approach by computationally screening C. elegans conserved homologs of already reported human tumor suppressor and aging associated genes. We select by this nhr-6, vab-3 and gst-23 as predicted longevity genes for RNAi screen. The RNAi results demonstrated the pro-longevity effect of these genes. Nuclear hormone receptor nhr-6 RNAi inhibition resulted in a C. elegans phenotype of 23.46% lifespan reduction. Moreover, we show that nhr-6 regulates oxidative stress resistance in worms and does not affect the feeding behavior of worms. These findings imply the potential of nhr-6 as a common therapeutic target for aging and cancer ailments, stressing the power of in silico PPI network analysis coupled with RNAi screens to describe gene function. KW - Computer modelling KW - Embryonic induction KW - RNAi Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202666 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ahmed, Zeeshan A1 - Zeeshan, Saman A1 - Huber, Claudia A1 - Hensel, Michael A1 - Schomburg, Dietmar A1 - Münch, Richard A1 - Eylert, Eva A1 - Eisenreich, Wolfgang A1 - Dandekar, Thomas T1 - ‘Isotopo’ a database application for facile analysis and management of mass isotopomer data JF - Database N2 - The composition of stable-isotope labelled isotopologues/isotopomers in metabolic products can be measured by mass spectrometry and supports the analysis of pathways and fluxes. As a prerequisite, the original mass spectra have to be processed, managed and stored to rapidly calculate, analyse and compare isotopomer enrichments to study, for instance, bacterial metabolism in infection. For such applications, we provide here the database application ‘Isotopo’. This software package includes (i) a database to store and process isotopomer data, (ii) a parser to upload and translate different data formats for such data and (iii) an improved application to process and convert signal intensities from mass spectra of \(^{13}C\)-labelled metabolites such as tertbutyldimethylsilyl-derivatives of amino acids. Relative mass intensities and isotopomer distributions are calculated applying a partial least square method with iterative refinement for high precision data. The data output includes formats such as graphs for overall enrichments in amino acids. The package is user-friendly for easy and robust data management of multiple experiments. KW - stable-isotope Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120102 VL - 2014 IS - bau077 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ahmed, Zeeshan A1 - Zeeshan, Saman A1 - Dandekar, Thomas T1 - Mining biomedical images towards valuable information retrieval in biomedical and life sciences JF - Database - The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation N2 - Biomedical images are helpful sources for the scientists and practitioners in drawing significant hypotheses, exemplifying approaches and describing experimental results in published biomedical literature. In last decades, there has been an enormous increase in the amount of heterogeneous biomedical image production and publication, which results in a need for bioimaging platforms for feature extraction and analysis of text and content in biomedical images to take advantage in implementing effective information retrieval systems. In this review, we summarize technologies related to data mining of figures. We describe and compare the potential of different approaches in terms of their developmental aspects, used methodologies, produced results, achieved accuracies and limitations. Our comparative conclusions include current challenges for bioimaging software with selective image mining, embedded text extraction and processing of complex natural language queries. KW - humans KW - software KW - image processing KW - animals KW - computer-assisted KW - data mining/methods KW - natural language processing Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-162697 VL - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agoston, Zsuzsa A1 - Li, Naixin A1 - Haslinger, Anja A1 - Wizenmann, Andrea A1 - Schulte, Dorothea T1 - Genetic and physical interaction of Meis2, Pax3 and Pax7 during dorsal midbrain development JF - BMC Developmental Biology N2 - Background: During early stages of brain development, secreted molecules, components of intracellular signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators act in positive and negative feed-back or feed-forward loops at the mid-hindbrain boundary. These genetic interactions are of central importance for the specification and subsequent development of the adjacent mid-and hindbrain. Much less, however, is known about the regulatory relationship and functional interaction of molecules that are expressed in the tectal anlage after tectal fate specification has taken place and tectal development has commenced. Results: Here, we provide experimental evidence for reciprocal regulation and subsequent cooperation of the paired-type transcription factors Pax3, Pax7 and the TALE-homeodomain protein Meis2 in the tectal anlage. Using in ovo electroporation of the mesencephalic vesicle of chick embryos we show that (i) Pax3 and Pax7 mutually regulate each other's expression in the mesencephalic vesicle, (ii) Meis2 acts downstream of Pax3/7 and requires balanced expression levels of both proteins, and (iii) Meis2 physically interacts with Pax3 and Pax7. These results extend our previous observation that Meis2 cooperates with Otx2 in tectal development to include Pax3 and Pax7 as Meis2 interacting proteins in the tectal anlage. Conclusion: The results described here suggest a model in which interdependent regulatory loops involving Pax3 and Pax7 in the dorsal mesencephalic vesicle modulate Meis2 expression. Physical interaction with Meis2 may then confer tectal specificity to a wide range of otherwise broadly expressed transcriptional regulators, including Otx2, Pax3 and Pax7. KW - dosage KW - quali-chick chimeras KW - drosophila embryo KW - neural crest KW - transcription activation KW - hindbrain boundary KW - isthmic oragnizer KW - sonic hedghog KW - expression KW - induction Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-132626 VL - 12 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adolfi, Mateus C. A1 - Herpin, Amaury A1 - Regensburger, Martina A1 - Sacquegno, Jacopo A1 - Waxman, Joshua S. A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Retinoic acid and meiosis induction in adult versus embryonic gonads of medaka JF - Scientific Reports N2 - In vertebrates, one of the first recognizable sex differences in embryos is the onset of meiosis, known to be regulated by retinoic acid (RA) in mammals. We investigated in medaka a possible meiotic function of RA during the embryonic sex determination (SD) period and in mature gonads. We found RA mediated transcriptional activation in germ cells of both sexes much earlier than the SD stage, however, no such activity during the critical stages of SD. In adults, expression of the RA metabolizing enzymes indicates sexually dimorphic RA levels. In testis, RA acts directly in Sertoli, Leydig and pre-meiotic germ cells. In ovaries, RA transcriptional activity is highest in meiotic oocytes. Our results show that RA plays an important role in meiosis induction and gametogenesis in adult medaka but contrary to common expectations, not for initiating the first meiosis in female germ cells at the SD stage. KW - developmental biology KW - molecular biology Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147843 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adolfi, Mateus C. A1 - Herpin, Amaury A1 - Martinez-Bengochea, Anabel A1 - Kneitz, Susanne A1 - Regensburger, Martina A1 - Grunwald, David J. A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Crosstalk Between Retinoic Acid and Sex-Related Genes Controls Germ Cell Fate and Gametogenesis in Medaka JF - Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology N2 - Sex determination (SD) is a highly diverse and complex mechanism. In vertebrates, one of the first morphological differences between the sexes is the timing of initiation of the first meiosis, where its initiation occurs first in female and later in male. Thus, SD is intimately related to the responsiveness of the germ cells to undergo meiosis in a sex-specific manner. In some vertebrates, it has been reported that the timing for meiosis entry would be under control of retinoic acid (RA), through activation of Stra8. In this study, we used a fish model species for sex determination and lacking the stra8 gene, the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), to investigate the connection between RA and the sex determination pathway. Exogenous RA treatments act as a stress factor inhibiting germ cell differentiation probably by activation of dmrt1a and amh. Disruption of the RA degrading enzyme gene cyp26a1 induced precocious meiosis and oogenesis in embryos/hatchlings of female and even some males. Transcriptome analyzes of cyp26a1–/–adult gonads revealed upregulation of genes related to germ cell differentiation and meiosis, in both ovaries and testes. Our findings show that germ cells respond to RA in a stra8 independent model species. The responsiveness to RA is conferred by sex-related genes, restricting its action to the sex differentiation period in both sexes. KW - sex determination KW - retinoic acid KW - meiosis KW - gametogenesis KW - medaka Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222669 SN - 2296-634X VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adolfi, Mateus C. A1 - Du, Kang A1 - Kneitz, Susanne A1 - Cabau, Cédric A1 - Zahm, Margot A1 - Klopp, Christophe A1 - Feron, Romain A1 - Paixão, Rômulo V. A1 - Varela, Eduardo S. A1 - de Almeida, Fernanda L. A1 - de Oliveira, Marcos A. A1 - Nóbrega, Rafael H. A1 - Lopez-Roques, Céline A1 - Iampietro, Carole A1 - Lluch, Jérôme A1 - Kloas, Werner A1 - Wuertz, Sven A1 - Schaefer, Fabian A1 - Stöck, Matthias A1 - Guiguen, Yann A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - A duplicated copy of id2b is an unusual sex-determining candidate gene on the Y chromosome of arapaima (Arapaima gigas) JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Arapaima gigas is one of the largest freshwater fish species of high ecological and economic importance. Overfishing and habitat destruction are severe threats to the remaining wild populations. By incorporating a chromosomal Hi-C contact map, we improved the arapaima genome assembly to chromosome-level, revealing an unexpected high degree of chromosome rearrangements during evolution of the bonytongues (Osteoglossiformes). Combining this new assembly with pool-sequencing of male and female genomes, we identified id2bbY, a duplicated copy of the inhibitor of DNA binding 2b (id2b) gene on the Y chromosome as candidate male sex-determining gene. A PCR-test for id2bbY was developed, demonstrating that this gene is a reliable male-specific marker for genotyping. Expression analyses showed that this gene is expressed in juvenile male gonads. Its paralog, id2ba, exhibits a male-biased expression in immature gonads. Transcriptome analyses and protein structure predictions confirm id2bbY as a prime candidate for the master sex-determiner. Acting through the TGF beta signaling pathway, id2bbY from arapaima would provide the first evidence for a link of this family of transcriptional regulators to sex determination. Our study broadens our current understanding about the evolution of sex determination genetic networks and provide a tool for improving arapaima aquaculture for commercial and conservation purposes. KW - evolutionary genetics KW - genetic markers KW - genome Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265672 VL - 11 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adolfi, Mateus C. A1 - Carreira, Ana C. O. A1 - Jesus, Lázaro W. O. A1 - Bogerd, Jan A1 - Funes, Rejane M. A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Sogayar, Mari C. A1 - Borella, Maria I. T1 - Molecular cloning and expression analysis of dmrt1 and sox9 during gonad development and male reproductive cycle in the lambari fish, Astyanax altiparanae JF - Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology N2 - Background The dmrt1 and sox9 genes have a well conserved function related to testis formation in vertebrates, and the group of fish presents a great diversity of species and reproductive mechanisms. The lambari fish (Astyanax altiparanae) is an important Neotropical species, where studies on molecular level of sex determination and gonad maturation are scarce. Methods Here, we employed molecular cloning techniques to analyze the cDNA sequences of the dmrt1 and sox9 genes, and describe the expression pattern of those genes during development and the male reproductive cycle by qRT-PCR, and related to histology of the gonad. Results Phylogenetic analyses of predicted amino acid sequences of dmrt1 and sox9 clustered A. altiparanae in the Ostariophysi group, which is consistent with the morphological phylogeny of this species. Studies of the gonad development revealed that ovary formation occurred at 58 days after hatching (dah), 2 weeks earlier than testis formation. Expression studies of sox9 and dmrt1 in different tissues of adult males and females and during development revealed specific expression in the testis, indicating that both genes also have a male-specific role in the adult. During the period of gonad sex differentiation, dmrt1 seems to have a more significant role than sox9. During the male reproductive cycle dmrt1 and sox9 are down-regulated after spermiation, indicating a role of these genes in spermatogenesis. Conclusions For the first time the dmrt1 and sox9 were cloned in a Characiformes species. We show that both genes have a conserved structure and expression, evidencing their role in sex determination, sex differentiation and the male reproductive cycle in A. altiparanae. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in fish. KW - spermatogenesis KW - SOX9 KW - DMRT1 KW - sex differentiation KW - teleostei Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126486 VL - 13 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adelfinger, Marion A1 - Gentschev, Ivaylo A1 - de Guibert, Julio Grimm A1 - Weibel, Stephanie A1 - Langbein-Laugwitz, Johanna A1 - Härtl, Barbara A1 - Escobar, Hugo Murua A1 - Nolte, Ingo A1 - Chen, Nanhai G. A1 - Aguilar, Richard J. A1 - Yu, Yong A. A1 - Zhang, Qian A1 - Frentzen, Alexa A1 - Szalay, Aladar A. T1 - Evaluation of a New Recombinant Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Strain GLV-5b451 for Feline Mammary Carcinoma Therapy JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Virotherapy on the basis of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) infection is a promising approach for cancer therapy. In this study we describe the establishment of a new preclinical model of feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) using a recently established cancer cell line, DT09/06. In addition, we evaluated a recombinant vaccinia virus strain, GLV-5b451, expressing the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) single-chain antibody (scAb) GLAF-2 as an oncolytic agent against FMC. Cell culture data demonstrate that GLV-5b451 virus efficiently infected, replicated in and destroyed DT09/06 cancer cells. In the selected xenografts of FMC, a single systemic administration of GLV-5b451 led to significant inhibition of tumor growth in comparison to untreated tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, tumor-specific virus infection led to overproduction of functional scAb GLAF-2, which caused drastic reduction of intratumoral VEGF levels and inhibition of angiogenesis. In summary, here we have shown, for the first time, that the vaccinia virus strains and especially GLV-5b451 have great potential for effective treatment of FMC in animal model. KW - antibodies KW - cancer treatment KW - carcinomas KW - vaccinia virus KW - oncolytic viruses KW - viral replication KW - cell cultures KW - enzyme-linked immunoassays Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119387 VL - 9 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, Dieter A1 - Maueler, Winfried A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Transcriptional activation of the melanoma inducing Xmrk oncogene in Xiphophorus N2 - The melanoma inducing locus of Xiphophorus encodes a tumorigenic version of a novel putative receptor tyrosine kinase (Xmrk). To elucidate the mechanism of oncogenic activation of Xmrk, we compared the structure and expression of two oncogenic loci with the corresponding proto-oncogene. Only minor structural alterations were found to be specific for the oncogenic Xmrk genes. Marked overexpression of the oncogene transcripts in melanoma, which are approximately 1 kb shorter than the proto-oncogene transcript, correlates with the malignancy of the tumors. The tumor transcripts are derived from an alternative transcription start site that is used only in the oncogenic loci. Thus, oncogenic activation of the melanoma inducing Xmrk gene appears primarily to be due to novel transcriptional control and overexpression. KW - Schwertkärpfling KW - Onkogen KW - Melanom Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87584 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, Dieter A1 - Dimitrijevic, Nicola A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Tumor suppression in Xiphophorus by an accidentally acquired promoter N2 - Melanoma formation in the teleost Xiphophorus is caused by a dominant genetic locus, Tu. This locus includes the Xmrk oncogene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase. Tumor induction is. suppressed in wild-type fish by a tumor suppressor locus, R. Molecular genetic analyses revealed that the Tu locus emerged by nonhomologaus recombination of the Xmrk proto-oncogene with a previously uncharacterized sequence, D. This event generated an additional copy of Xmrk with a new promoter. Suppression of the new Xmrk promoter by R in parental fish and its deregulation in hybrids explain the genetics of melanoma formation in Xiphophorus. KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61630 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, D. A1 - Wittbrodt, J. A1 - Telling, A. A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - RFLP for an EGF-receptor related gene associated with the melanoma oncogene locus of Xiphophorus maculatus N2 - No abstract available KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1988 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61822 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, Alexander A1 - Deimel, Stephan A1 - Pardo-Medina, Javier A1 - García-Martínez, Jorge A1 - Konte, Tilen A1 - Limón, M. Carmen A1 - Avalos, Javier A1 - Terpitz, Ulrich T1 - Protein activity of the \(Fusarium\) \(fujikuroi\) rhodopsins CarO and OpsA and their relation to fungus−plant interaction JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Fungi possess diverse photosensory proteins that allow them to perceive different light wavelengths and to adapt to changing light conditions in their environment. The biological and physiological roles of the green light-sensing rhodopsins in fungi are not yet resolved. The rice plant pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi exhibits two different rhodopsins, CarO and OpsA. CarO was previously characterized as a light-driven proton pump. We further analyzed the pumping behavior of CarO by patch-clamp experiments. Our data show that CarO pumping activity is strongly augmented in the presence of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid and in sodium acetate, in a dose-dependent manner under slightly acidic conditions. By contrast, under these and other tested conditions, the Neurospora rhodopsin (NR)-like rhodopsin OpsA did not exhibit any pump activity. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) searches in the genomes of ascomycetes revealed the occurrence of rhodopsin-encoding genes mainly in phyto-associated or phytopathogenic fungi, suggesting a possible correlation of the presence of rhodopsins with fungal ecology. In accordance, rice plants infected with a CarO-deficient F. fujikuroi strain showed more severe bakanae symptoms than the reference strain, indicating a potential role of the CarO rhodopsin in the regulation of plant infection by this fungus. KW - fungal rhodopsins KW - CarO KW - OpsA KW - Fusarium fujikuroi KW - Oryza sativa KW - rice–plant infection KW - green light perception KW - indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) KW - bakanae KW - patch-clamp Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285125 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 19 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abdel-Latif, Rania A1 - Fathy, Moustafa A1 - Anwar, Hend Ali A1 - Naseem, Muhammad A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Othman, Eman M. T1 - Cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress: ameliorative effect of kinetin JF - Antioxidants N2 - Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent; however, its potential side effects, including gonadotoxicity and infertility, are a critical problem. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced testicular dysfunction. We investigated whether kinetin use at different concentrations could alleviate gonadal injury associated with cisplatin treatment, with an exploration of the involvement of its antioxidant capacity. Kinetin was administered in different doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, alone or along with cisplatin for 10 days. Cisplatin toxicity was induced via a single IP dose of 7 mg/kg on day four. In a dose-dependent manner, concomitant administration of kinetin with cisplatin significantly restored testicular oxidative stress parameters, corrected the distorted sperm quality parameters and histopathological changes, enhanced levels of serum testosterone and testicular StAR protein expression, as well as reduced the up-regulation of testicular TNF-α, IL-1β, Il-6, and caspase-3, caused by cisplatin. It is worth noting that the testicular protective effect of the highest kinetin dose was comparable/more potent and significantly higher than the effects of vitamin C and the lowest kinetin dose, respectively. Overall, these data indicate that kinetin may offer a promising approach for alleviating cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity and organ damage, via ameliorating oxidative stress and reducing inflammation and apoptosis. KW - cytokinins KW - kinetin KW - cisplatin KW - reproductive toxicity Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-271223 SN - 2076-3921 VL - 11 IS - 5 ER -