TY - THES A1 - Schülein, Christina T1 - Die Regulation von Fbw7 durch PI3K-abhängige Phosphorylierung und Charakterisierung eines konditionalen Usp28-Knockout-Mausmodells T1 - Regulation of Fbw7 by PI3K-dependent phosphorylation and Characterization of a Usp28 conditional knockout mouse N2 - Das Proto-Onkoprotein Myc ist an der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung einer Vielzahl humaner Tumore entscheidend beteiligt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde Serin 227 in Fbw7 als Ziel für eine PI3K-abhängige Phosphorylierung identifiziert. Diese Phosphorylierung führt zur Stabilisierung von Fbw7 und steigert die Fähigkeit von Fbw7, Substratproteine zu ubiquitinieren und abzubauen. Um die Bedeutung von Usp28 in der Myc-induzierten Tumorentstehung und in der normalen Gewebehomöostase zu untersuchen, wurde ein konditionales Knockout-Mausmodell für Usp28 charakterisiert. Mäuse mit einer Keimbahndeletion von Usp28 sind lebensfähig, fertil und phänotypisch unauffällig. Weder in Organen der Usp28-negativen Tiere, noch in entsprechenden murinen embryonalen Fibroblasten kann eine Destabilisierung von Myc festgestellt werden. Allerdings zeigen Fibroblasten mit heterozygotem Usp28-Verlust einen Proliferationsdefekt und in Eμ-Myc-Lymphomen dieses Genotyps werden tendenziell niedrigere Myc-Proteinmengen gefunden. Das tumorfreie Überleben ist bei den Eμ-Myc; Usp28 +/- Tieren verlängert. N2 - The proto-oncoprotein Myc is involved in the genesis and maintenance of a large fraction of human tumors. In this work, I identified serine 227 in Fbw7 as a target for PI3K-dependent phosphorylation. The phosphorylation leads to stabilization of Fbw7 and enhances its ability to promote ubiquitination and degradation of its substrates. To investigate the role of Usp28 in Myc-dependent tumorigenesis and in tissue homeostasis I characterized a Usp28 conditional knockout mouse model. Mice with a germline deletion of Usp28 are viable, fertile and phenotypically normal. No decrease in Myc protein levels could be detected in organs or embryonic fibroblasts of Usp28- knockout mice. Surprisingly, embryonic fibroblasts with a heterozygous Usp28 deletion showed a proliferative defect and Eμ-Myc lymphomas of this genotype showed a tendency to reduced Myc protein levels, corresponding to a longer tumorfree survival of these animals. KW - Myc KW - Phosphorylierung KW - Ubiquitinierung KW - Fbw7 KW - Usp28 KW - Deubiquitinierung KW - Knockout-Maus KW - PI3K KW - Fbw7 KW - Usp28 KW - deubiquitination KW - knockout mouse KW - PI3K Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70963 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haydn, Johannes M. A1 - Hufnagel, Anita A1 - Grimm, Johannes A1 - Maurus, Katja A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Meierjohann, Svenja T1 - The MAPK pathway as an apoptosis enhancer in melanoma JF - Oncotarget N2 - Inhibition of RAF/MEK/ERK signaling is beneficial for many patients with BRAFV600E–mutated melanoma. However, primary and secondary resistances restrict long-lasting therapy success. Combination therapies are therefore urgently needed. Here, we evaluate the cellular effect of combining a MEK inhibitor with a genotoxic apoptosis inducer. Strikingly, we observed that an activated MAPK pathway promotes in several melanoma cell lines the pro-apoptotic response to genotoxic stress, and MEK inhibition reduces intrinsic apoptosis. This goes along with MEK inhibitor induced increased RAS and P-AKT levels. The protective effect of the MEK inhibitor depends on PI3K signaling, which prevents the induction of pro-apoptotic PUMA that mediates apoptosis after DNA damage. We could show that the MEK inhibitor dependent feedback loop is enabled by several factors, including EGF receptor and members of the SPRED family. The simultaneous knockdown of SPRED1 and SPRED2 mimicked the effects of MEK inhibitor such as PUMA repression and protection from apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that MEK inhibition of BRAFV600E-positive melanoma cells can protect from genotoxic stress, thereby achieving the opposite of the intended anti-tumorigenic effect of the combination of MEK inhibitor with inducers of intrinsic apoptosis. KW - PI3K KW - melanoma KW - RAS KW - chemotherapy resistance KW - crosstalk Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120649 SN - 1949-2553 VL - 5 IS - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Hartmann, Oliver A1 - Reissland, Michaela A1 - Prieto-Garcia, Cristian A1 - Klann, Kevin A1 - Pahor, Nikolett A1 - Schülein-Völk, Christina A1 - Baluapuri, Apoorva A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Abazari, Arya A1 - Gerhard-Hartmann, Elena A1 - Kopp, Hans-Georg A1 - Essmann, Frank A1 - Rosenfeldt, Mathias A1 - Münch, Christian A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Diefenbacher, Markus E. T1 - PTEN mutant non-small cell lung cancer require ATM to suppress pro-apoptotic signalling and evade radiotherapy JF - Cell & Bioscience N2 - Background Despite advances in treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, carriers of certain genetic alterations are prone to failure. One such factor frequently mutated, is the tumor suppressor PTEN. These tumors are supposed to be more resistant to radiation, chemo- and immunotherapy. Results We demonstrate that loss of PTEN led to altered expression of transcriptional programs which directly regulate therapy resistance, resulting in establishment of radiation resistance. While PTEN-deficient tumor cells were not dependent on DNA-PK for IR resistance nor activated ATR during IR, they showed a significant dependence for the DNA damage kinase ATM. Pharmacologic inhibition of ATM, via KU-60019 and AZD1390 at non-toxic doses, restored and even synergized with IR in PTEN-deficient human and murine NSCLC cells as well in a multicellular organotypic ex vivo tumor model. Conclusion PTEN tumors are addicted to ATM to detect and repair radiation induced DNA damage. This creates an exploitable bottleneck. At least in cellulo and ex vivo we show that low concentration of ATM inhibitor is able to synergise with IR to treat PTEN-deficient tumors in genetically well-defined IR resistant lung cancer models. KW - PTEN KW - ATM KW - IR KW - NSCLC KW - radiotherapy KW - cancer KW - DNA-PK KW - PI3K Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-299865 SN - 2045-3701 VL - 12 ER -