TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reuter, Dajana
A1  - Sparwasser, Tim
A1  - Hünig, Thomas
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen
T1  - Foxp3\(^+\) Regulatory T Cells Control Persistence of Viral CNS Infection
JF  - PLoS One
N2  - We earlier established a model of a persistent viral CNS infection using two week old immunologically normal (genetically unmodified) mice and recombinant measles virus (MV). Using this model infection we investigated the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as regulators of the immune response in the brain, and assessed whether the persistent CNS infection can be modulated by manipulation of Tregs in the periphery. CD4\(^+\) CD25\(^+\) Foxp3\(^+\) Tregs were expanded or depleted during the persistent phase of the CNS infection, and the consequences for the virus-specific immune response and the extent of persistent infection were analyzed. Virus-specific CD8\(^+\) T cells predominantly recognising the H-2D(b)-presented viral hemagglutinin epitope MV-H22-30 (RIVINREHL) were quantified in the brain by pentamer staining. Expansion of Tregs after intraperitoneal (i.p.) application of the superagonistic anti-CD28 antibody D665 inducing transient immunosuppression caused increased virus replication and spread in the CNS. In contrast, depletion of Tregs using diphtheria toxin (DT) in DEREG (depletion of regulatory T cells)-mice induced an increase of virus-specific CD8\(^+\) effector T cells in the brain and caused a reduction of the persistent infection. These data indicate that manipulation of Tregs in the periphery can be utilized to regulate virus persistence in the CNS.
KW  - antigen presentation
KW  - brain
KW  - central-nervous-system
KW  - virus-induced encephalitis
KW  - retroviral infection
KW  - gamma-interferon
KW  - measles virus
KW  - subacute sclerosing-panencephalitis
KW  - mice
KW  - CD4(+)
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134248
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herrmann, Thomas
A1  - Karunakaran, Mohindar Murugesh
A1  - Fichtner, Alina Suzann
T1  - A glance over the fence: Using phylogeny and species comparison for a better understanding of antigen recognition by human γδ T‐cells
JF  - Immunological Reviews
N2  - Both, jawless and jawed vertebrates possess three lymphocyte lineages defined by highly diverse antigen receptors: Two T‐cell‐ and one B‐cell‐like lineage. In both phylogenetic groups, the theoretically possible number of individual antigen receptor specificities can even outnumber that of lymphocytes of a whole organism. Despite fundamental differences in structure and genetics of these antigen receptors, convergent evolution led to functional similarities between the lineages. Jawed vertebrates possess αβ and γδ T‐cells defined by eponymous αβ and γδ T‐cell antigen receptors (TCRs). “Conventional” αβ T‐cells recognize complexes of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I and II molecules and peptides. Non‐conventional T‐cells, which can be αβ or γδ T‐cells, recognize a large variety of ligands and differ strongly in phenotype and function between species and within an organism. This review describes similarities and differences of non‐conventional T‐cells of various species and discusses ligands and functions of their TCRs. A special focus is laid on Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cells whose TCRs act as sensors for phosphorylated isoprenoid metabolites, so‐called phosphoantigens (PAg), associated with microbial infections or altered host metabolism in cancer or after drug treatment. We discuss the role of butyrophilin (BTN)3A and BTN2A1 in PAg‐sensing and how species comparison can help in a better understanding of this human Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell subset.
KW  - antigen presentation
KW  - BTN2
KW  - BTN3
KW  - butyrophilin
KW  - evolution
KW  - γδ TCR
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218373
VL  - 298
IS  - 1
SP  - 218
EP  - 236
ER  -