TY - JOUR A1 - Spitzel, Marlene A1 - Wagner, Elise A1 - Breyer, Maximilian A1 - Henniger, Dorothea A1 - Bayin, Mehtap A1 - Hofmann, Lukas A1 - Mauceri, Daniela A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Üçeyler, Nurcan T1 - Dysregulation of immune response mediators and pain-related ion channels is associated with pain-like behavior in the GLA KO mouse model of Fabry disease JF - Cells N2 - Fabry disease (FD) is a rare life-threatening disorder caused by deficiency of the alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme with a characteristic pain phenotype. Impaired GLA production or function leads to the accumulation of the cell membrane compound globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in the neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of FD patients. Applying immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR) analysis on DRG tissue of the GLA knockout (KO) mouse model of FD, we address the question of how Gb3 accumulation may contribute to FD pain and focus on the immune system and pain-associated ion channel gene expression. We show a higher Gb3 load in the DRG of young (<6 months) (p < 0.01) and old (≥12 months) (p < 0.001) GLA KO mice compared to old wildtype (WT) littermates, and an overall suppressed immune response in the DRG of old GLA KO mice, represented by a reduced number of CD206\(^+\) macrophages (p < 0.01) and lower gene expression levels of the inflammation-associated targets interleukin(IL)1b (p < 0.05), IL10 (p < 0.001), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (p < 0.05), and leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) (p < 0.01) in the DRG of old GLA KO mice compared to old WT. Dysregulation of immune-related genes may be linked to lower gene expression levels of the pain-associated ion channels calcium-activated potassium channel 3.1 (KCa3.1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channel (TRPA1). Ion channel expression might further be disturbed by impaired sphingolipid recruitment mediated via the lipid raft marker flotillin-1 (FLOT1). This impairment is represented by an increased number of FLOT1\(^+\) DRG neurons with a membranous expression pattern in old GLA KO mice compared to young GLA KO, young WT, and old WT mice (p < 0.001 each). Further, we provide evidence for aberrant behavior of GLA KO mice, which might be linked to dysregulated ion channel gene expression levels and disturbed FLOT1 distribution patterns. Behavioral testing revealed mechanical hypersensitivity in young (p < 0.01) and old (p < 0.001) GLA KO mice compared to WT, heat hypersensitivity in young GLA KO mice (p < 0.001) compared to WT, age-dependent heat hyposensitivity in old GLA KO mice (p < 0.001) compared to young GLA KO mice, and cold hyposensitivity in young (p < 0.001) and old (p < 0.001) GLA KO mice compared to WT, which well reflects the clinical phenotype observed in FD patients. KW - Fabry disease KW - globotriaosylceramide KW - inflammation KW - macrophages KW - cytokines KW - ion channels KW - flotillin-1 lipid rafts KW - pain-associated behavior KW - mouse model Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-275186 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 11 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Lukas A1 - Karl, Franziska A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Üçeyler, Nurcan T1 - Affective and cognitive behavior in the alpha-galactosidase A deficient mouse model of Fabry disease JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Fabry disease is an X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder with intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) due to α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) deficiency. Fabry patients frequently report of anxiety, depression, and impaired cognitive function. We characterized affective and cognitive phenotype of male mice with α-Gal A deficiency (Fabry KO) and compared results with those of age-matched male wildtype (WT) littermates. Young (3 months) and old (≥ 18 months) mice were tested in the naïve state and after i.pl. injection of complete Freund`s adjuvant (CFA) as an inflammatory pain model. We used the elevated plus maze (EPM), the light-dark box (LDB) and the open field test (OF) to investigate anxiety-like behavior. The forced swim test (FST) and Morris water maze (MWM) were applied to assess depressive-like and learning behavior. The EPM test revealed no intergroup difference for anxiety-like behavior in naïve young and old Fabry KO mice compared to WT littermates, except for longer time spent in open arms of the EPM for young WT mice compared to young Fabry KO mice (p<0.05). After CFA injection, young Fabry KO mice showed increased anxiety-like behavior compared to young WT littermates (p<0.05) and naïve young Fabry KO mice (p<0.05) in the EPM as reflected by shorter time spent in EPM open arms. There were no relevant differences in the LDB and the OF test, except for longer time spent in the center zone of the OF by young WT mice compared to young Fabry KO mice (p<0.05). Complementary to this, depression-like and learning behavior were not different between genotypes and age-groups, except for the expectedly lower memory performance in older age-groups compared to young mice. Our results indicate that genetic influences on affective and cognitive symptoms in FD may be of subordinate relevance, drawing attention to potential influences of environmental and epigenetic factors. KW - cognitive impairment KW - mouse models KW - depression KW - swimming KW - learning KW - Fabry disease KW - genetics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170745 VL - 12 IS - 6 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hofmann, Lukas T1 - The α-galactosidase A deficient mouse as a model for Fabry disease and the effect of Gb3 depositions on peripheral nociceptive ion channel function T1 - Die α-Galaktosidase A defiziente Maus als Modell für M. Fabry und der Effekt von Gb3-Ablagerungen auf die Funktion von peripheren nozizeptiven Ionenkanälen N2 - Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder with intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) due to α-galactosidase A deficiency. We studied α-galactosidase A knockout mice (GLA KO) as a model for sensory disturbance and pain in FD. Pain associated behavior of young (3 months) and old (≥18 months) GLA KO mice and wildtype (WT) littermates in an inflammatory and a neuropathic pain model was investigated. Furthermore, affective and cognitive behavior was assessed in the naïve state and in an inflammatory pain model. Gene and protein expression of pain associated ion channels and Gb3 accumulation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons was determined. We also performed patch clamp analysis on cultivated DRG neurons and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK) cells expressing voltage-gated-sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) as an in vitro model of FD. Intracellular Gb3 deposits were modulated using shRNA silencing of α-galactosidase A. After intraplantar injection of complete Freund`s adjuvant (CFA) and chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the right sciatic nerve, old GLA KO mice did not develop heat and mechanical hypersensitivity in contrast to young GLA KO and old WT mice. Additionally, we found no relevant differences between genotypes and age-groups in affective and cognitive behavior in the naïve state and after CFA injection. Gene and protein expression analysis provided no explanation for the observed sensory impairment. However, cultured DRG neurons of old GLA KO mice revealed a marked decrease of sodium and Ih-currents compared to young GLA KO and old WT mice. DRG neurons of old GLA KO mice displayed substantial intracellular accumulation of Gb3 compared to young GLA KO and old WT mice. Similar to cultured neurons, sodium currents were also decreased in HEK cells treated with shRNA and consecutively increased intracellular Gb3 deposits compared to the control condition, but could be rescued by treatment with agalsidase-alpha. Our study unveils that, similar to patients with FD, GLA KO mice display age-dependent sensory deficits. However, contrary to patients, GLA KO mice are also protected from hypersensitivity induced by inflammation and nerve lesion due to Gb3-dependent and reversible reduction of neuronal sodium- and Ih-currents. Our data provide evidence for direct Gb3-dependent ion channel impairment in sensory DRG neurons as a potential contributor to sensory dysfunction and pain in FD. N2 - Bei Morbus Fabry (M. Fabry) handelt es sich um eine X-chromosomal vererbte, lysosomale Speichererkrankung mit intrazellulärer Akkumulation von Globo-triaosylceramid (Gb3) aufgrund eines α-Galaktosidase-A Mangels. Um die Pathophysiologie des M. Fabry aufzuklären, untersuchten wir die α-Galaktosidase-A defiziente Maus (GLA KO) als Modell für sensible Wahrnehmungsstörungen und Schmerz. Das schmerzassoziierte Verhalten von jungen (3 Monate) und alten (≥18 Monate) GLA KO Mäusen und Wildtyp (WT) Wurfgeschwistern wurde in einem Entzündungs- und einem neuropathischen Schmerzmodell untersucht. Zudem wurde das affektive und kognitive Verhalten im naiven Zustand und in einem Entzündungsschmerzmodell betrachtet. Auf molekularer Ebene wurden die Gen- und Proteinexpression von schmerzassoziierten Ionenkanälen und die Gb3-Akkumulation in Spinalganglionneuronen (dorsal root ganglion, DRG) bestimmt. Darüber hinaus wurden kultivierte DRG Neurone und humane embryonale Nierenzellen 293 (HEK) mittels Patch-clamp-Analyse elektrophysiologisch untersucht. Die HEK Zellen dienten als in vitro Modell für M. Fabry und exprimierten stabil den spannungsgesteuerten Natriumkanal 1.7 (Nav1.7). Intrazelluläre Gb3 Ablagerungen wurden unter Verwendung von shRNA-Silencing der α-Galaktosidase A induziert. Nach intraplantarer Injektion von complete Freund‘s Adjuvans (CFA) und chronic constriction injury (CCI) des rechten N. ischiadicus entwickelten alte GLA KO Mäuse, im Gegensatz zu jungen GLA KO und alten WT Mäusen, keine Überempfindlichkeit gegenüber Hitze und mechanischen Reizen. Darüber hinaus fanden wir keine relevanten Unterschiede zwischen Genotypen und Altersgruppen im affektiven und kognitiven Verhalten im naiven Zustand und nach Injektion von CFA. Gen- und Proteinexpressionsanalysen lieferten keine Erklärung für die sensible Beeinträchtigung. Jedoch zeigten kultivierte DRG Neurone von alten GLA KO Mäusen eine deutliche Abnahme der Natriumströme und der Ih Ströme im Vergleich zu jungen GLA KO und alten WT Mäusen. Außerdem wiesen DRG Neurone von alten GLA KO Mäusen eine verstärkte intrazelluläre Akkumulation von Gb3 im Vergleich zu jungen GLA KO und alten WT Mäusen auf. Ähnlich wie bei kultivierten Neuronen waren die Natriumströme in, mit shRNA behandelten HEK-Zellen, im Vergleich zu den Kontrollzellen ebenfalls verringert, konnten aber durch die Behandlung mit Agalsidase-alpha wiederhergestellt werden. Unsere Studie zeigt, dass GLA KO Mäuse ähnlich wie Patienten mit M. Fabry altersabhängige sensible Veränderungen aufweisen. Im Gegensatz zu Patienten sind GLA KO Mäuse jedoch auch vor der Überempfindlichkeit geschützt, die durch eine Entzündung und Nervenläsion hervorgerufen wird. Unsere elektrophysiologischen Ergebnisse jedoch, deuten darauf hin, dass die Reduktion der Natrium- und Ih Ströme mit den veränderten Antworten auf die sensiblen Reize zusammenhängt. Diese Daten lassen auf eine Gb3 abhängige Ionenkanaldysfunktion in DRG Neuronen als potentiellen Faktor für sensible Fehlfunktion und Schmerz bei M. Fabry schließen. KW - Fabry-Krankheit KW - Gb3 accumulation KW - Ion channel function KW - Galactosidase KW - Ionenkanal KW - Maus Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158513 ER -