TY  - JOUR
A1  - Argos, P.
A1  - Dandekar, Thomas
T1  - Delineating the main chain topology of four-helix bundle proteins using the genetic algorithm and knowledge based on the amino acid sequence alone
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Proteine
KW  - Strukturanalyse
KW  - Abstandsmessung
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33807
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Becker, T.
A1  - Franzek, E.
A1  - Jost, C.
A1  - Hofmann, E.
A1  - Schneider, M.
A1  - Stöber, Gerald
T1  - Hirnläsionen bei affektiven Erkrankungen: eine retrospektive CT-Studie
T1  - Cerebral Lesions in Affective Disorders: a Retrospective CT Study
N2  - 46 Patienten mit affektiven Erkrankungen und pathologischem CT wurden untersucht (Infarkt: 22, Kontusion: 6, Leukoaraiose: 11, frühkindlicher Hirnschaden: 7). Monopolar Depressive (DSMIII- R; MD) zeigten oft Leukoaraiose, Infarkte waren mit MD, Kontusionen und frühkindliche Schäden mit bipolarer Erkrankung assoziiert (BP; ANCOV A, p< .1). Kortikale Läsionen waren bei BP häufiger, jedoch fehlten signifikante Effekte von Läsionsort oder -zeitpunkt auf die Polarität der Erkrankung (ANOV A). Bei einigen Infarktpatienten kam es zur Verlaufsänderung (Chronifizierung, Bipolarität) nach Infarkt, alle Post-Infarkt-Ersterkrankungen waren bipolar.
N2  - 46 patients with affective disorder and a pathologic CT scan were studied (infarct: 22, brain trauma: 6, leukoaraiosis: 11 , perinatal brain damage: 7). Unipolar depressives (DSM-I1I-R; MD) frequently had le ukoaraiosis, brain infarct was associated with unipolar depression , brain trauma and perinatal damage with bipolar illness (BP; ANCOV A , p < .1). Corticallesions were more frequ ent in BP, but ANOV A revealed no significant effect of lesion location and time of insu lt on illness polarity. In some patients with stroke course of illness changed (Ionger phases, bipolarity), first onset post-stroke went along with bipolar illness.
KW  - Psychiatrie
KW  - Klinische Psychiatrie
KW  - Gemeindepsychiatrie
KW  - organische affektive Störungen
KW  - Hirninfarkt
KW  - Kontusion
KW  - Frühkindlicher Hirnschaden
KW  - Leukoaraiose
KW  - Secondary affective disorder
KW  - Poststroke depression
KW  - Brain trauma
KW  - Perinatal brain damage
KW  - Leukoaraiosis
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82237
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Becker, T.
A1  - Schmidtke, A.
A1  - Stöber, Gerald
A1  - Franzek, E.
A1  - Teichmann, E.
A1  - Hofmann, E.
T1  - Hyperintense Marklagerläsionen bei psychiatrischen Patienten: räumliche Verteilung und psychopathologische Symptome
T1  - Hyperintense white matter lesions in psychiatrie patients: spatial distribution and psychopathological symptoms
N2  - In einem Kollektiv von 130 MR-tomographisch untersuchten psychiatrischen Patienten (axiale T2-SE-Sequenz) wurden Zahl und räumliche Verteilung von hyperintensen Marklagerläsionen ("white matter lesions"; WM L) erfaßt und die Ventricle-to-brain-Ratio (VBR) bestimmt. Eine Konfigurationsfrequenzanalyse auf der Grundlage der räumlichen WMLVerteilung erlaubte die Abgrenzung von vier Patientengruppen: 1. keine WML (n = 35), 2. WML rechts frontotemporal (n = 23), 3. WML bifrontal (n = 12), 4. WML ubiquitär (n = 16). Die während 3 Jahren beobachteten psychopathologischen Symptome dieser Patienten wurden retrospektiv nach dem AMDP-Systemdokumentiert. In der Gruppe mit ubiquitären WML überwogen organisch-psychopathologische Ttems, die VER war größer als in den anderen Gruppen (ANOVA;p < 0,001). Die räumliche W M L- Verteilung erklärte 10,24 % der Gesamtvarianz psychopathologischer M erkmalsverteilung in den Gruppen. Das Patientenalter (MANCOVA; p < 0,021), nicht aber die VER hattesignifikanten Einfluß auf das psychopathologische Symptomprofil. Nach Ausblendung der Patientengruppe mit ubiquitären WMLblieb der Einfluß der WML-Verteilung auf die psychopathologische Symptomatiksignifikantc (p <0,05). Bifrontale WML waren mit Denkstörung, rechts frontotemporale WML mit affektiven Symptomen assoziiert. Die Befunde sprechen für einen Einfluß der räumlichen Verteilung unspezifischer Marklagerläsionen auf die psychopathologische Symptomatik.
N2  - In a sampie of 130 patients who had undergone MRI (transverse TIweighted SE sequenee) patchywhite matter lesions (WML) were documented according to number and spatial distribution in the brain. Ventricle-to-Brain Ratio (VBR) was determined. Configural frequency analysis led to delineation of four patient groups on the basis of WML 10-cation: 1. no WML (n = 35), 2. right frontal-temporal WML (n = 23), 3. bifrontal WML (n = 12),4. WML in all/all but one brain region (n = 16). Psychopathological symptoms reported in the course of a maximum of 3 years were documen ted by chart review. In the 'pervasive WML' group psychopathological items characteristic of organic brain syndromes prevailed, mean VER exceeded values in all other groups (ANOVA, p < 0.001). WML spatial distribution accounted for 10.2 % oftotal psychopathological variance. Patient age, but not VER, had a significant impact on symptom profile (MANCOVA). When the 'pervasive WML' group was excluded, the finding of a significant effect of WML location on psychopathological symptom profiles was robust. Bifrontal WML were associated with thought incoherence, right frontal-temporal WML with affective symptoms. Findings support an impact of spatial distribution of unspecific WML on psychopathological symptoms in psychiatrie patients.
KW  - Medizin
KW  - Psychopathologie
KW  - MRT
KW  - Demyelinisierung
KW  - Periventrikuläre Hyperintensitäten
KW  - Hyperintense Marklagerläsionen
KW  - MRI
KW  - Demyelination
KW  - Periventricular hyperintensities
KW  - Hyperintense white matter lesions
KW  - Psychopathology
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78288
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bentley, T. W.
A1  - Christl, Manfred
A1  - Kemmer, R.
A1  - Llewellyn, G.
A1  - Oakley, J. E.
T1  - Kinetic and Spectroscopic Characterisation of Highly Reactive Methanesulfonates. Leaving Group Effects for Solvolyses and Comments on Geminal Electronic Effects Influencing S\(_N\)1 Reactivity
N2  - Highly reactive methanesulfonates (mesylates, ROMs) have been prepared from 1-phenylethanol. cyclohex-2-en-1-ol, diphenylmethanol and p-methoxybenzyl alcohol by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine in dichloro- or trichloro-methane at - 20 to 0 °C. The mesylates. characterised in solution by \(^1\)H and \(^{13}\)C NMR at -20 °C, were obtained in satisfactory purity (ca. 95%) in cold solutions but they decomposed by reaction with chloride, triethylamine or the parent alcohol. Rate constants for solvolyses in aqueous acetone and aqueous ethanol have been determined by a fast response conductimetric method. Product selectivities for solvolyses of pmethoxybenzyl mesylate in aqueous ethanol and methanol at 0 °C have been determined by HPLC. From additional new or Iiterature kinetic data for solvolyses of corresponding bromides. chlorides and p-nitrobenzoates (OPNB). Br/CI. OMs/Br and OMs/OPNB rate ratios were calculated; the results are consistent with electronic effects stabilising the carbocationic transition states and increasing OMs/Br rate ratios for these SN 1 solvolyses; none of the evidence supports a geminal electronic effect on Br/CI rate ratios (e.g. caused by stabilisation of the initial state in pmethoxybenzyl chloride). Steric effects on ester /halide rate ratios for solvolyses of tertiary substrates are confirmed. Relative rates over a 10\(^{16}\) range for ester and halide leaving groups are evaluated for solvolyses of 1-phenylethyl substrates in 80% ethanol-water. updating previous work by Noyce et al. (1972).
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58748
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bjorklund, David F.
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
A1  - Cassel, William S.
A1  - Ashley, Elizabeth
T1  - Training and Extension of a Memory Strategy: Evidence for Utilization Deficiencies in the Acquisition of an Organizational Strategy in High- and Low-IQ Children
N2  - 143 9- and 10-year-oId children were classified into high- and Jow-IQ groups and given 4 different sort/recall lists (baseline, training, near [immediate] extension, far [l-week] extension) to assess training and extension of an organizational memory strategy. All children received categorized items of moderate typicality for Phases 1, 3, and 4. For Phase 2, children were assigned to either a training or control group, with half of the children in each group receiving category typical items and the others category atypical items. Levels of recall, sorting, and clustering were greater in Phase 2 for high-IQ children, for the typical lists, and for trained children. Both the high- and low-IQ children trained with typical items continued to show high levels of recall on the near extension phase. No group of subjects maintained high levels of recall after 1 week, although levels of sorting and/or clustering on the extension trials remained high for all groups of subjects except the low-IQ control children. This latter pattern (elevated sorting/clustering with low levels of recall) is an indication of a utilization deficiency, a phase in strategy development when children use a strategy but gain little or no benefit n performance. The results provide evidence for IQ, training, and material effects in the demonstration of a utilization deficiency.
KW  - Psychologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62234
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blackenhorn, Wolf U.
A1  - Perner, Dirk
T1  - Heritability and repeatability of behavioural attributes affecting foraging success and fitness in water striders
N2  - Heritabilities and repeatabilities are presented for various behavioural attributes affecting foraging performance and fitness in Aquarius (Gerris) remigis (Heteroptera: Gerridae) females. These behavioural attributes were patch choice, foraging success, capture accuracy, and measures of mobility, activity, skittishness and aggressiveness. Most heritabilities were not significantly different from zero, which may be related to the low sampIe size. Conclusions as to the potential of direct selection on behaviour in this species were consequently limited. In contrast, with a few exceptions (capture accuracy, foraging success), most repeatabilities were significant and at times high (range=O'22-O'79), indicating consistent, stereotypical individual behaviour. Tbe Iife history or reproductive state of the daughter generation individuals signifieantly affected the magnitude of the repeatabilities as weil as the mean values of many of the variables (notably mobility and aggressiveness), the latter in a manner consistent with field observations. This indicates that the state of the organism affects the general environmental variance, thus contributing to the discrepancies between the repeatabilities and the heritabilities obtained. It is suggested that common physiological proeesses (e.g. hormones) may underlie several of the behavioural attributes examined, resulting in possible pleiotropie effects and eonstraints on selection in a heterogeneous environment. It is further suggested that field studies of selection on behavioural attributes may be a more fruitful approach in this species, whose suitability for genetic analysis is limited.
KW  - Teichläufer
KW  - Wasserläufer
KW  - water strider
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-52496
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Christl, Manfred
A1  - Braun, Martin
A1  - Wolz, E.
A1  - Wagner, W.
T1  - Cycloallene, 9 - 1-Phenyl-1-aza-3,4-cyclohexadien, das  erste Isodihydropyridin: Erzeugung und Abfangreaktionen
T1  - Cycloallenes, 9 - 1-Phenyl-1-aza-3,4-cyclohexadiene, the First Isodihydropyridine: Generation and Interception
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Organische Chemie
KW  - Isoquinolines
KW  - hexahydro-
KW  - Cyclobuta[c}pyridines
KW  - hexahydro-
KW  - Cycloadditions
KW  - [2 + 2]- and [4 + 2]-
KW  - 3-Azabicyclo{3
KW  - 1
KW  - 0]hexane
KW  - 6
KW  - 6-dibromo-3-phenyl-
KW  - 2
KW  - 4-Pentadienylamine
KW  - 3-n-butyl-N-phenyl-
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58714
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Christl, Manfred
A1  - Gerstner, E.
A1  - Kemmer, R.
A1  - Llewellyn, G.
A1  - Bentley, T. W.
T1  - Elektrophile Additionen an das Bicyclo[1.1.0]butan-System von 1-Phenyl- und 1-(4-Anisyl)tricyclo[4.1.0.0\(^{2,7}\)]heptan: Säure-katalysierte Reaktionen mit Wasser und  Methanol, Anlagerung von Essigsäure und Oxymercurierung
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Organische Chemie
KW  - 6-Norpinanols
KW  - 6-aryl-
KW  - preparation
KW  - 6-Norpinyl 3
KW  - 5-dinitrobenzoates
KW  - hydrolysis
KW  - Carbocations
KW  - generation and rearrangement
KW  - 2-Norcaranols
KW  - 1-aryl-
KW  - Cyclohept-3-en-1-ols
KW  - 3-aryl-
KW  - conformation
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58696
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Christl, Manfred
A1  - Leß, Roland
A1  - Müller, Heinrich
T1  - 6,7-Dimethylene-2,4-diphenylbicyclo[3.2.l]oct-3-en-2-yl Anion : A Test for the Origin of the Unusual Properties of the Bicyclo[3.2.l]octa-3,6-dien-2-yl Anion
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31547
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Christl, Manfred
A1  - Türk, M.
A1  - Peters, K.
A1  - Peters, E.-M.
A1  - Schnering, H. G. von
T1  - Octahydro-1,2,3:4,5,6-dimethenopentalen-2-carbonitril, das erste Derivat eines noch unbekannten (CH)\(_{10}\)-Kohlenwasserstoffs
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58728
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Christl, Manfred
A1  - Türk, M.
A1  - Peters, K.
A1  - Peters, E.-M.
A1  - Schnering, H. G. von
T1  - Octahydro-1,2,3:4,5,6-dimethenopentalene-2-carbonitrile, the First Derivative of a Yet-Unknown (CH)\(_{10}\)-Hydrocarbon
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58731
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dandekar, Thomas
A1  - Argos, P.
T1  - Folding the main chain of small proteins with the genetic algorithm
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29847
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dandekar, Thomas
A1  - Argos, Patrick
T1  - Amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na\(^+\) channel is made of three homologous subunits
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29734
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Demchuk, E.
A1  - Mueller, T.
A1  - Oschkinat, H.
A1  - Sebald, Walter
A1  - Wade, R. C.
T1  - Receptor binding properties of four-helix-bundle growth factors deduced from electrostatic analysis
N2  - Hormones of the hematopoietin class mediate signal transduction by binding to specific transmembrane receptors. Structural data show that the human growth hormone (hGH) forms a complex with a homodimeric receptor and that hGH is a member of a class of hematopoietins possessing an antiparallel 4-a-helix bundle fold. Mutagenesis experiments suggest that electrostatic interactions may have an important influence on hormonereceptor recognition. In order to examine the specificity of hormone-receptor complexation, an analysis was made of the electrostatic potentials of hGH, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and the hGH and IL-4 receptors. The binding surfaces of hGH and its receptor, and of IL-4 and its receptor, show complementary electrostatic potentials. The potentials of the hGH and its receptor display approximately 2-fold rotational symmetry because the receptor subunits are identical. In contrast, the potentials of GM-CSF and IL-2 Iack such symmetry, consistent with their known high affinity for hetero-oligomeric receptors. Analysis of the electrostatic potentials supports a recently proposed hetero-oligomeric model for a high-affinity IL-4 receptor and suggests a possible new receptor binding mode for G-CSF; it also provides valuable information for guiding structural and mutagenesis studies of signal-transducing proteins and their receptors.
KW  - Biochemie
KW  - cytokines
KW  - electrostatic potential
KW  - hematopoietic receptors
KW  - human growth factor
KW  - interleukins
KW  - molecular recognition
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62424
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dittrich, Falk
A1  - Thoenen, Hans
A1  - Sendtner, Michael
T1  - Ciliary neurotrophic factor: pharmacokinetics and acute-phase response in rat
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42639
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dunster, L.M.
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen
A1  - Löffler, S.
A1  - Lankes, W.
A1  - Schwartz-Albiez, R.
A1  - Lottspeich, F.
A1  - ter Meulen, V.
T1  - Moesin: a cell membrane protein linked with susceptibility to measles virus infection
N2  - Measles virus is a highly contagious virus causing acute and persistent diseases in man, the receptor of which is still not weil characterized. We have isolated a monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated mAb 119, which specifically inhibits measles virus infection of susceptible celllines in a dosa-dependent manner. This antibody precipitates a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 75 kDa from 1251 surface-labeled cells and its epitope is present on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, human celllines, and the African green monkey cellline Vero. Affinity chromatography of detergent-solubilized cell membrane proteins over a Sepharose column with covalently bound mAb 119 led to the partial purification of the 75-kOa protein. Preincubation of measles virus with this affinity-purified protein inhibited measles virus infection dose dependently. Aminoacid microseq,uencing of this protein revealed its identity with the human membrane-organizing extension spike protein moesin, a protein intra- and extracellularly associated with the plasma membrane of cells. Subsequently, an antibody raised against purified moesin (mAb 38/87) was also found to specifically inhibit measles virus infection of susceptible cells and confirmed our data obtained with mAb 119. Our data suggest that moesin is acting as a receptor for measles virus.
KW  - Immunologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54931
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eckstein, V.
A1  - Müller-Buchholtz, W.
A1  - Ulrichs, Karin
T1  - Reaction patterns of natural xenophile antibodies in human sera with pancreatic islet cells and porcine lymphocytes
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Chirurgie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44742
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Einfeldt, S.
A1  - Heinke, H.
A1  - Behringer, M.
A1  - Becker, Charles R.
A1  - Kurtz, E.
A1  - Hommel, D.
A1  - Landwehr, G.
T1  - The growth of HgSe by molecular beam epitaxy for ohmic contacts to p-ZnSe
N2  - The structural properties of HgSe grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are investigated for different lattice mismatches to the substrate and various growth conditions. The growth rate is shown to depend strongly on the growth temperature above lOO°C as well as on the Hg/Se flux ratio. It has been found that the crystalline perfection and the electrical properties are mainly determined by the layer thickness, especially for the growth on highly lattice mismatched substrates. Changes in the surface morphology are related to growth parameters. Differences between the electrical behavior of MBE-grown and bulk HgSe are discussed. The electrical properties of HgSe contacts on p-ZnSe are investigated as a function of different annealing procedures.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38001
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engels, Bernd
T1  - Detailed study of the configuration selected multi-reference configuration interaction method combined with perturbation theory to correct the wave function
N2  - A reliable prediction of the isotropic hyperfine coupling constant A\(_{iso}\) is still a difficult task for ab initio calculations. In previous studies, the configuration selected multireference configuration interaction method in combination with perturbation theory to correct the wave function (MRCI/ B\(_K\)) yielded accurate isotropic hyperfine coupling constants very economically. The present study gives a detailed analysis of the MRCI/ B\(_K\) method based on the X\(^2 \pi\) state of CH as a test case. Furthermore, a comparison to various other methods such as Maller-Ptesset perturbation theory and the coupled cluster approach is made. The success of the MRCI/ B\(_K\) method in predicting isotropic hyperfine coupling constants is explained in terms of the inßuence of higher than double excitations.
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59019
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Erbelding-Denk, Claudia
A1  - Schroder, Johannes H.
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
A1  - Nanda, Indrajit
A1  - Schmid, Michael
A1  - Epplen, Jörg T.
T1  - Male polymorphism in Limia perugiae (Pisces: Poeciliidae)
N2  - The male-polymorphic poeciliid fish, Limia perugiae, a small teleostean endemic to the southeast of the Caribbean island Hispafiola, consists of three male size morphs with uniform females. Large males differentiate at a size va:rying between 25 and 38 mm; intermediate males, between 21 and 25 mm. Under competition, !arge males exhibit an elaborate courtship display, whereas small males show only a sneak-chase behavior. Intermediate males adapt their tactics to the respective competitors. However, all malemorphs can switch from courtship display to sneak-chase behavior. In large mating groups with four males of different size and five or six virgin females, large dominant a-males as weil as small subordinate \(\delta\)-males did not produce any offspring. Unexpectedly, all progeny were sired exclusively by the intemediate subordinate ß- and \(\gamma\)-males. Breeding experiments with the three male morphs can best be explained by a model of Y -linked genes for small and !arge size which are both suspended by the activity of an autosomal recessive repressor responsible for the development of intermediate males. The dominant allele of the recessive repressor, in either its homoorits heterozygous state, activates the Y-chromosomal genes for !arge or small size, respectively. Accordingly, intermediate males may produce male offspring of all size classes, depending on the presence of either the Y-linked gene or the autosomal repressor.
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
KW  - Poeciliid fish
KW  - male size polymorphism
KW  - reproductive success
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61573
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fackler, Guido
T1  - Ein Geschenk trostlosester Unkultur an das erste Kulturvolk der Erde : Zum Umgang mit fremdartiger Jazzmusik im Freiburg der Weimarer Republik
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Jazz
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41889
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fiala, Brigitte
A1  - Grunsky, Harald
A1  - Maschwitz, Ulrich
A1  - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
T1  - Diversity of ant-plant interactions: Protective efficacy in Macaranga species with different degrees of ant-association.
N2  - The pioneer tree Macaranga in SE Asia has developed manyfold associations with ants. The genus comprises all stages of interaction with ants, from facultative relationships to obligate myrmecophytes. Only myrmecophytic Macaranga offer nesting space for ants and are associated with a specific ant partner. The nonmyrmecophytic species are visited by a variety of different ant species which are attracted by extrafloral nectaries (EFN) and food bodies. Transitional Macaranga species like M. hosei are colonized later in their development due to their stem structure. Before the colonization by their specific Crematogaster partner the young plants are visited by different ant species attracted by EFN. These nectaries are reduced and food body production starts as soon as colonization becomes possible. We demonstrated earlier that obligate ant partners can protect their Macaranga plants against herbivore damage and vine cover. In this study we focused on nonspecific interactions and studied M. tanarius and M. hosei, representing a non-myrmecophyte and a transitional species respectively. In ant exclusion experiments both M. tanarius and M. hosei suffered significantly higher mean leaf damage than controls, 37% versus 6% in M. hosei, 16% versus 7% in M. tanarius. M. tanarius offers both EFN and food bodies so that tests for different effects of these two food rewards could be conducted. Plants with food bodies removed but with EFN remaining had the lowest mean increase of herbivore damage of all experimental groups. Main herbivores on M. hosei were mites and caterpillars. Many M. tanarius plants were infested by a shootborer. Both Macaranga species were visited by various ant species. Crematogaster spp. being the most abundant. We found no evidence for any specific relationships. The results of this study strongly support the hypothesis that non-specific, facultative associations with ants can be advantageous for Macaranga plants. Food bodies appear to have lower attractive value for opportunistic ants than EFN and may require a specific dietary adaptation. This is also indicated by the fact that food body production in the transitional M. hosei does not start before stem structure allows a colonization by the obligate Crematogaster species. M. hosei thus benefits from facultative association with a variety of ants until it produces its first domatia and can be colonized by its obligate mutualist.
KW  - Ant-plant interactions ; Herbivory Macaranga ; Mutualism ; Myrmecophytes
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32905
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fiala, Brigitte
A1  - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
A1  - Maschwitz, Ulrich
T1  - Diversität von Interaktionen zwischen Ameisen und Pflanzen im südostasiatischen Regenwald
T1  - Diversity of ant-plant interactions in south-east Asian rainforests
N2  - Assoziationen von Ameisen mit Pflanzen (und oft noch mit pflanzensaugenden Insekten als drittem Partner) dürften eine Ursache des Artenreichtums und der hohen Abundanzen tropischer Formicidae sein. Die von den Ameisen genutzten Pflanzen bieten entweder Nahrung an, über extraflorale Nektarien und/oder Nährkörperchen, oder aber - bei den eigentlichen Myrmekophyten - Nistraum und z.T. auch Nahrung. Diese Beziehungen zeichnen sich durch unterschiedliche Nutzungsweisen und Nutzungsintensitäten und damit stark differierende Abhängigkeit der Partner voneinander aus. Ein besonders breites Spektrum von Ameisen-Pflanzen-Assoziationen finden wir in der paläotropischen Baumgattung Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae), die sich daher als Modellsystem für vergleichende Untersuchungen hervorragend eignet. Die Grundfrage unserer Untersuchungen an diesem System lautet: Verläuft aufgrund der ausgeprägt mosaikartigen Verteilung der von den myrmekophilen Pflanzen angebotenen Nahrungs- und Nistraumressourcen die Neu- und Wiederbesiedlung von Habitaten durch die Ameisen in Form von Zufallsprozessen? Oder werden, im Gegenteil, durch diesen Umstand Spezialisierungen seitens der Ameisen gefördert und die Zusammensetzung der Lebensgemeinschaften dadurch stärker deterministisch geprägt? Unsere bisherigen Untersuchungen zeigen, daß beide Prinzipien wirken. Bei der alleinigen Nutzung von Nahrungsressourcen fehlen spezialisierte Beziehungen weitgehend und stochastische Ereignisse dürften sehr häufig die Pflanzen-Ameisen-Assoziation bestimmen. Bei den eigentlichen Myrmekophyten hingegen ist die Auswahl der assozierten Ameisen viel stärker determiniert, ganz besonders dann, wenn der Wohnraum, den die Pflanze offeriert, nur durch aktives Öffnen seitens der Ameisen erschlossen werden kann.
N2  - Associations of ants with plants can be regarded as one reason for the high abundance and diversity of ants in the tropics. The plants either provide food as extrafloral nectar and/or food bodies or, in the true myrmecophytes, nesting space and partly also food. These associations are characterized by very different forms and intensities of use of the plant resources and, therefore, also varying mutual dependency of the partners. A broad spectrum of different ant-plant associations is found in the paleotropical tree genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) wh ich is therefore especially suited as a model system for a comparative investigation. The central question of our studies is: Does the mosaic character of the spatial distribution of food and nesting resources provided by the myrmecophilous plants rather favour stochastic processes during colonization of habitats by ants? Or does it, on the contrary, preferentially lead to strong specializations in the ants? Our investigations show that both principles are realized. In interactions where ants only use the food resources, specific relationships are lacking and stochastic events direct the associations. In obligate myrmecophytes, however, the colonization largely follows deterministic principles, especially when nesting space inside the plant actively has to be made accessible by the ants.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32894
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fischer, W. H.
A1  - Lutz, Werner K.
T1  - Short communication : Mouse skin papilloma formation by chronic dermal application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene is not reduced by diet restriction
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Toxikologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60644
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Franzek, E.
A1  - Stöber, Gerald
A1  - Beckmann, H.
T1  - Malignes neuroleptisches und lebensbedrohliches katatones Syndrom: Eine identische Komplikation im Verlauf von funktionellen Psychosen
T1  - Malignant neuroleptic syndrome and lethai catatonia: an identical complication in functional psychoses
N2  - no abstract available
KW  - Neuropsychiatrie
KW  - Malignes neuroleptisches Syndrom
KW  - akut lebensbedrohlich katatones Syndrom
KW  - perniziöse Katatonie
KW  - zykloide Psychose
KW  - Malignant neuroleptic syndrome
KW  - Iife threatening catatonic syndrome
KW  - lethai catatonia
KW  - cycloid psychosis
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82243
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Frischholz., S.
A1  - Röllinghoff, M.
A1  - Moll, Heidrun
T1  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis: Co-ordinate expression of granzyme A and lymphokines by CD4\(^+\) T cells from susceptible mice.
JF  - Immunology
N2  - We have recently demonstrated that the frequency ofT cells expressing granzyme A is significantly higher in skin lesions and spleens of susceptible BALB/c mice compared with resistant C57BL/6 mice infected with Leishmania major, a cause of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. In the present study, we have performed in vitro studies to characterize the subpopulation, the antigen responsiveness and the lymphokine production pattern of granzyme A-expressing T cells in L. major-infected mice. Using a limiting dilution system for functional analysis of selected T cells at the clonallevel, we could show that granzyme A activity in infected BALB/c mice can be assigned to L. major-reactive CD4\(^+\) T cells secreting interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4. Granzyme A production was most pronounced in the early phase of infection. On the other hand, granzyme A expression could not be detected in C57BL/6-derived T cells responding to L. major. The da ta support the suggestion that granzyme A is produced by L. major-responsive CD4\(^+\) T cells facilitating lesion formation and the dissemination of infection.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30954
VL  - 82
SP  - 255
EP  - 260
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Froudakis, G.
A1  - Zdetsis, A.
A1  - Mühlhäuser, M.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Peyerimhoff, S. D.
T1  - A comparative ab initio study of the Si\(_2\)C\(_4\), Si\(_3\)C\(_3\), Si\(_4\)C\(_2\) clusters
N2  - Various structural possibilities for the Si\(_2\)C\(_4\) and Si\(_4\)C\(_2\) clusters are investigated by employing a basis set of triple-zeta plus polarization quality; electron correlation is generally accounted for by second-order M0ller-Plesset and, in certain instances, by higher-order perturbation (CASPT2) approaches. The building-up principle recently suggested from an analysis of Si\(_3\)C\(_3\) clusters is found to be fully operative for Si\(_2\)C\(_4\) and Si\(_4\)C\(_2\) clusters. A comparison of the structure and stability of various geometrical arrangements in the series C\(_6\) , Si\(_2\)C\(_4\) , Si\(_3\)C\(_3\) , Si\(_4\)C\(_2\), and Si\(_6\) shows that linear and planar structures become rapidly less stable if carbons are replaced by silicons and that the three-dimensional bipyramidal forms become less favorable as soon as silicons are exchanged by carbons in the parent Si\(_6\) structure. The effects can be rationalized in qualitative terms based on differences in silicon and carbon bonding.
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59097
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gerstner, E.
A1  - Kemmer, R.
A1  - Christl, Manfred
T1  - Elektrophile Additionen an das Bicyclo[1.1.0]butan-System von Tricyclo[4.1.0.0\(^{2,7}\)]-heptan-Derivaten: Halogen-Elektrophile
T1  - Electrophilic Additions to the Bicyclo[l.l.O)butane System of Tricyclo[4.1.0.0\(^{2,7}\)]heptane Derivatives: Halogen Electrophiles
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Organische Chemie
KW  - Norpinanes
KW  - preparation
KW  - Carbocations
KW  - classical and nonclassical
KW  - Neighbouring group participation
KW  - Halonium ions
KW  - Migratory aptitudes in carbocations
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58700
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gessler, Manfred
A1  - König, A.
A1  - Arden, K.
A1  - Grundy, P.
A1  - Orkin, S. H.
A1  - Sallan, S.
A1  - Peters, C.
A1  - Ruyle, S.
A1  - Mandell, J.
A1  - Li, F.
A1  - Cavenee, W.
A1  - Bruns, G. A.
T1  - Infrequent mutation of the WT1 gene in 77 Wilms' Tumors
N2  - Homozygous deletions in Wilms' tumor DNA have been a key step in the identification and isolation of the WTI gene. Several additional loci are also postulated to contribute to Wilms' tumor formation. To assess the frequency of WTI alterations we have analyzed the WTI locus in a panel of 77 Wilms' tumors. Eight tumors showed evidence for large deletions of several hundred or thousand kilobasepairs of DNA, some of which were also cytogenetically detected. Additional intragenic mutations were detected using more sensitive SSCP analyses to scan all 10 WTI exons. Most of these result in premature stop codons or missense mutations that inactivate the remaining WTI allele. The overall frequency of WTI alterations detected with these methods is less than 15%. While some mutations may not be detectable with the methods employed, our results suggest that direct alterations of the WTI gene are present in only a small fraction of Wilms' tumors. Thus, mutations at other Wilms' tumor loci or disturbance of interactions between these genes likely play an important role in Wilms' tumor development.
KW  - Wilms' tumor
KW  - WTI
KW  - Zinc finger gene
KW  - Tumor suppressor gene
KW  - Nephroblastoma
KW  - Deletion analysis
KW  - SSCP analysis
KW  - Mutation screening
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34308
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gorboulev, Valentin G.
A1  - Akhundova, Aida
A1  - Grzeschik, K.-H.
A1  - Fahrenholz, Falk
T1  - Organization and chromosomal localization of the gene for the human bombesin receptor subtype expressed in pregnant uterus
N2  - The gene encoding the human homologue of the guinea pig uterine bombesm receptor [( 1992) Eur. J. Biochem. 208,405] was isolated from a genomic lambda library by the PCR/homology screening approach. The gene spans more than 4 kb and consists of 3 exons and 2 introns. The deduced amino acid sequence shows about 86% identity to that of guinea pig bombesin receptor. This subtype of bombesin receptor is expressed in the pregnant uterus and in two human tumour cell lines, T47D (ductal breast carcinoma) and A431 (epidermal carcinoma). PCR analysis of genomic DNA from human-mouse cell hybrids allows the cloned gene to be localized to the region q26q28 on chromosome X.
KW  - Bombesin ; Bombesin receptor ; Chromosomal localization
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32572
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gruber, Hans
A1  - Renkl, Alexander
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
T1  - Expertise und Gedächtnisentwicklung: Längsschnittliche Befunde aus der Domäne Schach
N2  - Die vorliegende Arbeit ging zwei Hauptfragestellungen nach: (I) Inwiefern unterscheiden sich Experten in der Domäne Schach von Aussteigern aus der Expertisekarriere? (2) Wie verändern sich schachspezifische und generelle Gedächtnisparameter über einen Zeitraum von mehreren Jahren? Es wurden 27 Experten und Novizen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von knapp 12 Jahren zum ersten Meßzeitpunkt und von 16 Jahren zum zweiten Meßzeitpunkt untersucht. Die Aussteiger aus der Expertisekarriere zeigten bereits bei der Erstmessung schlechtere schachspezifische Gedächtnisleistungen als die übrigen Experten; die Annahme selektiver Aussteiger, die die Aussagekraft querschnittlicher Experten-Novizen-Vergleiche in Frage stellt, wird damit bestätigt. Sowohl für die Experten als auch für die Novizen zeigte sich ein Anstieg der schachspezifischen Gedächtnisleistung von der Erst- zur Zweitmessung. Während dafür bei Experten domänenspezifische Faktoren verantwortlich sein dürften, scheint dies bei Novizen auf die Entwicklung allgemeiner Gedächtnisparameter zurückzugehen.
KW  - Expertise
KW  - Gedächtnis
KW  - Schach
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87473
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grunicke, H.
A1  - Pyerin, W.
A1  - Eisenbrand, G.
A1  - Havemann, K.
A1  - Rabes, H. M.
A1  - Molling, K.
A1  - Schwab, M.
A1  - Lutz, Werner K.
A1  - Wahrendorf, J.
A1  - Schirrmacher, V.
T1  - 7th International Symposium of the Division of Experimental Cancer Research (AEK) of the German Cancer Society : [Meeting report]
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Toxikologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60651
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gründemann, Dirk
A1  - Gorboulev, Valentin
A1  - Gambaryan, Stepan
A1  - Veyhl, Maike
A1  - Koepsell, Hermann
T1  - Drug excretion mediated by a new prototype of polyspecific transporter
N2  - CATIO~IC drugs of different types and structures (antihistaminics, antiarrhythmics, sedatives, opiates, cytostatics and antibiotics, for example) are excreted in mammals by epithelial cells of the renal proximal tubules and by hepatocytes in the liver<sup>1-4</sup>. In the proximal tubules, two functionally disparate transport systems are involved which are localized in the basolateral and luminal plasma membrane and are different from the previously identified neuronal monoamine transporters and A TP-dependent multidrug exporting proteins<sup>1-3,5-12</sup>. Here we report the isolation of a complementary DNA from rat kidney that encodes a 556-amino-acid membrane protein, OCT1, which has the functional characteristics of organic cation uptake over the basolateral membrane of renal proximal tubules and of organic cation uptake into hepatocytes. OCTl is not homologous to any other known protein and is found in kidney, liver and intestine. As OCTl translocates hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic cations of different structures, it is considered to be a new prolotype of polyspecific transporters that are important for drug elimination.
KW  - Biologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59327
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Götz, Rudolf
A1  - Köster, Reinhard
A1  - Winkler, Christoph
A1  - Raulf, Friedrich
A1  - Lottspeich, Friedrich
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
A1  - Thoenen, Hans
T1  - Neurotrophin-6 is a new member of the nerve growth factor family
N2  - DURING vertebrale development, many neurons depend for survival and differentiation on their target cells\(^{1-3}\). The best documented mediator of such a retrograde trophic action is the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF)\(^1\). NGF and the other known members of tbe neurotrophin family, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT -3) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT -4/5) are conserved as distinct genes over large evolutionary distances\(^{4 -6}\). Here we report the cloning of neurotrophin-6 (NT -6), a new member of this family from the teleost fish Xiphophorus. NT -6 distinguishes itself from the other known neurotrophins in that it is not found as a soluble protein in the medium of producing cells. The addition of heparin (but not chondroitin) effects the release of NT -6 from cell surface and extracellular matrix molecules. Recombinant purified NT -6 has a spectrum of actions similar to NGF on chick sympathetic and sensory neurons, albeit with a lower potency. NT -6 is expressed in tbe embryonie valvulla cerebelli; expression persists in some adult tissues. The interaction of NT-6 with heparin-binding molecuJes may modulate its action in the nervous system .
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61544
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hahn, Heidi
A1  - Baunach, Gerald
A1  - Bräutigam, Sandra
A1  - Mergia, Ayalew
A1  - Neumann-Haefelin, Dieter
A1  - Daniel, Muthiah D.
A1  - McClure, Myra O.
A1  - Rethwilm, Axel
T1  - Reactivity of primate sera to foamy virus Gag and Bet proteins
N2  - In order to establish criteria for the Serodiagnosis of foamy virus infections we investigated the extent to which sera from iofected individuals of human and primate origin react with structural and non-structural virus proteins in immunoblot assays. Using lysates from infected cells as the source of virus antigen, antibodies were preferentially detected against the Gag proteins and the non-structural Bet protein. Both the Gag precursor molecules of 70 and 74K apparent M\(_r\) and the cytoplasmic 60K M\(_r\) Bet protein were found to be phosphorylated, the latter being synthesized in large amounts in infected cells. Rahbit antiserum raised against recombinant human foamy virus (HFV) Gag major capsid protein cross-reacted with foamy viruses of chimpanzee, gorilla, orang-utan, rhesus monkey and Mrican green monkey origin. This was reßected by a broad cross-reactivity of the respective monkey sera to the Gag proteins of the various foamy virus isolates. Cross-reactivity of antisera against the Bet protein was restricted to viruses from man and the great apes. Recombinant Gag and Bet proteins expressed in prokaryotes or in insect cells were readily recognized by foamy virus-positive primate sera. Screening serum samples from chimpanzees with HFV Gag and Bet proteins expressed by recombinant baculoviruses revealed that 18 out of 35 (52%) were positive for Gag antibodies. Of these, 13 (72 o/o) showed antiborlies against the Bet protein, indicating that Bet antigen is of value in sero1ogical screening for foamy virus infections.
KW  - Virologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61366
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Harth-Peter, Waltraud
T1  - Vorwort (Das Kind (1994) 16)
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Kind
KW  - Erziehung
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43074
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Harth-Peter, Waltraud
T1  - Vorwort (Das Kind (1994) 15)
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Kind
KW  - Erziehung
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43087
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinsen, Helmut
A1  - Henn, R.
A1  - Eisenmenger, W.
A1  - Götz, M.
A1  - Bohl, J.
A1  - Bethke, B.
A1  - Lockermann, U.
A1  - Püschel, K.
T1  - Quantitative investigations on the human entorhinal area: left - right asymmetry and age-related changes
N2  - The total nerve cell numbers in the right and in the left human entorhinal areas have been calculated by volume estimations with the Cavalieri principle and by cell density determinations with the optical disector. Thick gallocyanin-stained serial frozen sections through the parahippocampal gyrus of 22 human subjects (10 female, 12 male) ranging from 18 to 86 years were analysed. The laminar composition of gallocyanin (Nissl)-stained sections could easily be compared with Braak's (1972, 1980) pigmentoarchitectonic study, and Braak's nomenclature of the entorhinal laminas was adopted. Cellsparse laminae dissecantes can more clearly be distinguished in Nissl than in aldehydefuchsin preparations. These cell-poor dissecantes, lamina dissecans extema (dis-ext), lamina dissecans 1 (dis-1) and lamina dissecans 2 (dis-2), were excluded from nerve cell nurober determinations. An exact delineation of the entorhinal area is indispensable for any kind of quantitative investigation. We have defined the entorhinal area by the presence of pre-alpha ceil clusters and the deeper layers of lamina principalis externa (pre-beta and gamma) separated from lamina principalis interna (pri) by lamina dissecans 1 (dis-1). The human entorhinal area is quantitatively characterized by a left-sided (asymmetric) higher pre-alpha cell number and an age-related nerve cell loss in pre as well as pri layers. At variance with other CNS cortical and subcortical structures, the neuronal number of the entorhinal area appears to decrease continuously from the earliest stages analysed, although a secular trend has to be considered. The asymmetry in pre-alpha cell number is discussed in the context of higher human mental capabilities, especially language.
KW  - Medizin
KW  - Human entorhinal area
KW  - Ageing
KW  - Lateralitity
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59946
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinsen, Helmut
A1  - Strik, M.
A1  - Luther, K.
A1  - Ulmar, G.
A1  - Gangnus, D.
A1  - Jungkunz, G.
A1  - Eisenmenger, W.
A1  - Götz, M.
A1  - Bauer, M.
T1  - Cortical and striatal neurone number in Huntington's disease
N2  - The total cortical and striatal neurone and glial numbers were estimated in five cases of Huntington's disease (three males, two females) and five ageand sex-matched control cases. Serial 500-l-lm-thick gallocyanin-stained frontal sections through the left hemisphere were analysed using Cavalieri's principle for volume and the optical disector for cell density estimations. The average cortical neurone number of five controls (mean age 53±13 years, range 36-72 years) was 5.97x 109±320x 106 , the average number of small striatal neurones was 82 X 106± 15.8 X 106• The left striatum (caudatum, putamen, and accumbens) contained a mean of 273 X 106±53 X 106 glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and unc1assifiable glial profiles). The mean cortical neurone number in Huntington's disease patients (mean age 49±14 years, range 36-75 years) was diminished by about 33 % to 3.99x109±218x106 nerve cells (P ::;:::: 0.012, MannWhitney V-test). The mean number of small striatal neurones decreased tremendously to 9.72 X 106 ± 3.64 X 106 (-88 % ). The decrease in total glial cells was less pronounced (193 X 106±26 X 106) but the mean glial index, the numerical ratio of glial cells per neurone, increased from 3.35 to 22.59 in Huntington's disease. Qualitatively, neuronal loss was most pronounced in supragranular layers of primary sensory areas (Brodmann's areae 3,1,2; area 17, area 41). Layer HIc pyramidal cells were preferentially lost in association areas of the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes, whereas spared layer IV granule cells formed a conspicuous band between layer IH and V in these fields. Methodological issues are discussed in context with previous investigations and similarities and differences of laminar and lobar nerve cellloss in Huntington's disease are compared with nerve cell degent-ration in other neuropsychiatric diseases.
KW  - Medizin
KW  - Huntington's disease . Human cerebral cortex
KW  - Striatum
KW  - Neurone number
KW  - Stereology
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55217
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heiser, A.
A1  - Müller-Ruchholtz, W.
A1  - Ulrichs, Karin
T1  - Isolation of Islets of Langerhans: Improvement of the Isolation Technique Using the Pig Model.
N2  - During the last view years, interest in pancreatic islet transplantation for the cure of type I diabetes has increased markedly. A serious barrier to clinical islet transplantation is the isolation of a sufficient mass of viable and functional islets. We used a porcine islet isolation model to examine various parameters of the isolation procedure and to improve isolation technique.
KW  - Langerhans-Inseln
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87765
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heiser, A.
A1  - Ulrichs, Karin
A1  - Müller-Ruchholtz, W.
T1  - Prophylactic trypsin inhibition during the isolation procedure guarantees reproducible, high porcine islet yields
N2  - Abstract: For isolating islets from the porcine pancreas, we established a semiautomated digestion method. Although the isolation technique was standardized and collagenase of controlled quality was used, until now the reproducibility of high islet yields was unsatisfactory. Our hypothesis was that pancreatic trypsin was responsible for this failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endogenous trypsin on islet yield. Our results demonstrate that a high trypsin level correlates with poor islet yield, whereas low trypsin activity always correlates with high islet yield. Specific inhibition of trypsin results in low trypsin activity and reproducible, high islet yields.
KW  - islets of Langerhans
KW  - xenogenic transplantation
KW  - swine
KW  - enzyme activation
KW  - enzyme inhibitors
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45531
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heiser, A.
A1  - Ulrichs, Karin
A1  - Müller-Ruchholtz, W.
T1  - Influence of porcine strain, age, and pH of the isolation medium on porcine pancreatic islet isolation success
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Chirurgie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45171
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heiser, Axel
A1  - Ulrichs, Karin
A1  - Müller-Buchholtz, Wolfgang
T1  - Isolation of porcine pancreatic islets: low trypsin activity during the isolation procedure guarantees reproducible high islet yields
N2  - During the past few years, interest in xenotransplantation of porcine islets of Langerhans for the future therapy of type I diabetes has Increased markedly. Therefore, we established a semiautomated digestion method for isolating islets from the porcine pancreas. However, although the isolation technique was standardized and collagenase of controlled quality was used, we were unable to attain high islet yields with a satisfactory degree of reproducibility. One hypothesis was that varying degrees of interference by donor pancreatic enzymes were responsible for this failure. The aim of this stUdy was to examine the kinetics of four types of enzymatic activity during the isolation procedure, as well as their effects on islet yield: collagenase, trypsin, neutral protease, and clostripaln. Our results indicate that while exogenous collagenase activity decreases slightly during the isolation procedure, the activity of the pancreas enzymes neutral protease and trypsin increases. In some cases, trypsin activity increases very strongly. A strong increase in trypsin activity correlates with poor islet yield, whereas low trypsin activity always correlates with high islet yield. Addition of the protease inhibitor Pefabloc to the isolation medium results in low trypsin activity and reproducible high islet yields.
KW  - Langerhans-Inseln
KW  - islets of Langerhans
KW  - xenogeneic transplantation
KW  - swine
KW  - enzyme activation
KW  - enzyme inhibitors
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44719
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herbert, M. K.
A1  - Holzer, P.
T1  - Nitric oxide mediates the amplification by interleukin-1β of neurogenic vasodilatation in the rat skin
N2  - No abstract available.
KW  - Medizin
KW  - Afferent nerve stimulation
KW  - Capsaicin
KW  - Cutaneous hyperemia
KW  - lnterleukin-lβ
KW  - Neurogenie inflammation
KW  - Nitric oxide (NO)
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59969
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herbert, M. K.
A1  - Holzer, P.
T1  - Interleukin-1ß enhances capsaicin-induced neurogenic vasodilatation in the rat skin
JF  - British Journal of Pharmacology
N2  - No abstract available.
KW  - Interieukin-1ß
KW  - capsaicin
KW  - afferent nerve stimulation
KW  - cutaneous hyperaemia
KW  - neurogenic infiammation
KW  - sensitization of afferent nerve endings
KW  - proinfiammatory action
KW  - prostaglandins
KW  - calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128171
VL  - 111
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Higgins, M. J.
A1  - Smilinich, N. J.
A1  - Sait, S.
A1  - Koenig, A.
A1  - Pongratz, J.
A1  - Gessler, Manfred
A1  - Richard III., C. W.
A1  - James, M. R.
A1  - Sanford, J. P.
A1  - Kim, B.-W.
A1  - Cattelane, J.
A1  - Nowak, N. J.
A1  - Winterpacht, A.
A1  - Zabel, B. U.
A1  - Munroe, D. J.
A1  - Bric, E.
A1  - Housman, D. E.
A1  - Jones, C.
A1  - Nakamura, Y.
A1  - Gerhard, D. S.
A1  - Shows, T. B.
T1  - An Ordered NotI Fragment Map of Human Chromosome Band 11p15
N2  - An ordered NotI fragment map containing over 60 loci and encompassing approximately 17 Mb has been constructed for human chromosome band llpl5. Forty-two probes, including 11 NotI-linking cosmids, were subregionaUy mapped to llpl5 using a subset of the Jl-deletion hybrids. These and 23 other probes defining loci previously mapped to 11p15 were hybridized to genomic DNA digested with NotI and 5 other infrequently cleaving restriction enzymes and separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Thirty-nine distinct NotI fragments were detected encompassing approximately 85% of the estimated length of llp15. The predicted order of the gene loci used is cenMYODI- PTH-CALCA-ST5-RBTNI-HPX-HBB-RRMlTH/ INS!1GF2-H19-CTSD-MUC2-DRD4-HRAS-RNHtel. This map wiu allow higher resolution mapping of new Ilp15 markers, facilitate positional cloning of disease genes, and provide a framework for the physical mapping of llp15 in clone contigs.
KW  - Genom / Genkartierung / Genanalyse
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45766
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Joachim
T1  - Der implizite Erwerb von Handlungswissen
JF  - Psychologie und Sport : Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie
N2  - Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Überlegungen zum Aufbau verhaltenssteuernder Strukturen. Er geht von dem Konzept de simpliziten Lernens aus, nach dem sich die Steuerung des Verhaltens, wenigstens unter bestimmten Bedingungen, unbewusst, aufmerksamkeitsunabhaengig und unwillkürlich an strukturelle Eigenschaften der Umgebung anpasst. Eine kritische Analyse einschlägiger Untersuchungen führt zu einer hypothetischen Lernstruktur, die es gestattet zu lernen, unter welchen Bedingungen welche Verhaltensakte zu welchen Konsequenzen führen. Der Lernprozess, so wird angenommen, wird in dieser Struktur von einem fundamentalen Beduerfnis nach sicherer Antizipierbarkeit von Verhaltenskonsequenzen getrieben. Eine Pilotstudie, die von diesen Annahmen ausgeht, wird ebenso diskutiert wie moegliche Anwendungen bei der Gestaltung von Trainingsprozessen im Sport.
KW  - Handlungspsychologie
KW  - Lernen
KW  - Lernpsychologie
KW  - Wissen
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127709
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hommers, Wilfried
T1  - Zur Einzelfalldiagnose der Wertungskompetenz bei fahrlässigen Brandstiftungen
T1  - Determination of individual tort competency in cases of arson
N2  - In 2 Untersuchungen mit 100 bzw. 88 Minderjährigen und 60 Erwachsenen werden Geschichten über drei - eine versehentliche, eine fahrlässige, eine absichtliche - Brandstiftungen mit bildlicher Unterstützung dargeboten. Durch Paarvergleiche zwischen bzw. Schätzurteile über die Geschichten wird ausgehend von der Wertungskomponente der Deliktsfähigkeit die Fähigkeit zur Unrechtserkenntnis für fahrlässige Schädigungen im Sinne der moralischen Differenzierungsfähigkeit untersucht, um einerseits die technische Durchführungsform und andererseits die einzelfalldiagnostische Auswertung nach psychometrischen bzw. varianzanalytischen Strategien zu erproben. Außerdem werden die Beziehungen der so erfaßten Wertungskomponenten zu Intelligenzuntertests geprüft. Aufgrund fehlender Korrelationen mit den Intelligenzmaßen empfiehlt sich die Anwendung des Verfahrens zur psychometrischen Begründung von Diagnosen zur zivilrechtlichen Verantwortlichkeit im Sinne des § 828 (2) BGB, damit sich die diesbezüglichen Diagnosen auch auf die Wertungskomponenten stützen können.
N2  - Two studies with 100 or 88 minors and 60 or 49 adults employed paired comparisons or ratings to examine on a statistical or psychometrical basis the value-components of the major conditions of minors' tort competency, i. e. the ability to know right and wrong in the context of negligent as weil as intentional harm. As some additionally assessed intelligence measures did not correlate with the tort competency measures, the latter should be used for psychometrically based competency diagnoses in liability law suits against minors according to § 828 (2) BGB, i. e. the German civil code.
KW  - Psychologische Diagnostik / Psychologie / Zeitschrift / Differentielle Psychologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43420
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Huang, M.-B.
A1  - Suter, H. U.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
T1  - Theoretical Study of the Dimethylamino Radical (CH\(_3\))\(_2\)N and its protonated cation (CH\(_3\))\(_2\)NH\(^+\)
N2  - In the present work the dimethylamino radical ( ( CH\(_3\)) \(_2\)N) and its protonated cation ( ( CH\(_3\))\(_2\)NH\(^+\)) are investigated by means of ab initio methods. The geometries of various conformations of both compounds are obtained with UMP2/6·31 G** calculations, while the hyperfine structure and its dependence on the geometry is studied using the MRD-Cl/B\(_K\) method. The two molecules are compared to study the inftuence of the protonation on geometry and hyperfine structure. The effects of the rotational barriers on the hyperfine structures of (CH\(_3\))\(_2\)N, (CH\(_3\)CH\(_2\))\(_2\)N and ( (CH\(_3\))\(_2\)CH)\(_2\)N will be discussed.
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59047
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Janssen, A.
A1  - Marohn, Frank
T1  - On statistical information of extreme order statistics, local extreme value alternatives, and Poisson point processes
N2  - The aim of the present paper is to clarify the role of extreme order statistics in general statistical models. This is done within the general setup of statistical experiments in LeCam's sense. Under the assumption of monotone likelihood ratios, we prove that a sequence of experiments is asymptotically Gaussian if, and only if, a fixed number of extremes asymptotically does not contain any information. In other words: A fixed number of extremes asymptotically contains information iff the Poisson part of the limit experiment is non-trivial. Suggested by this result, we propose a new extreme value model given by local alternatives. The local structure is described by introducing the space of extreme value tangents. It turns out that under local alternatives a new class of extreme value distributions appears as limit distributions. Moreover, explicit representations of the Poisson limit experiments via Poisson point processes are found. As a concrete example nonparametric tests for Frechet type distributions against stochastically larger alternatives are treated. We find asymptotically optimal tests within certain threshold models.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45816
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaupp, Martin
A1  - Dolg, Michael
A1  - Stoll, Hermann
A1  - Schnering, Hans Georg von
T1  - Oxidation State +IV in Group 12 Chemistry : Ab Initio Study of Zinc(IV), Cadmium(IV), and Mercury(IV) Fluorides
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Anorganische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60018
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaupp, Martin
A1  - Schnering, Hans Georg von
T1  - Ab Initio Comparision of the (MX\(_2\))\(_2\) Dimers (m=Zn, Cd, Hg; X F, Cl, H), and Study of Relativistic Effects in Crystalline HgF\(_2\)
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Anorganische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59971
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaupp, Martin
A1  - Schnering, Hans Georg von
T1  - Origin of the Unique Stability of Condensed-Phase Hg\(_2 ^{2+}\). An ab Initio Investigation of M\(^I\) and M\(^{II}\) Species (M= Zn, Cd, Hg)
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Anorganische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59981
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaupp, Martin
A1  - Schnering, Hans Georg von
T1  - The Dominance of Linear 2-Coordination in Mercury Chemistry: Quasirelativistic and Nonrelativistic ab Initio Pseudopotential Study of (HgX\(_2\))\(_2\) (X=F, Cl, Br, I, H)
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Anorganische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59995
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kleinhans, Martha
T1  - "Schlafende Seel', erinn're dich ..." : Zur Funktion spanischer Literatur in Anna Maria Orteses Roman L'Iguana
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Romanistik
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54478
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klemd, R.
A1  - Matthes, S.
A1  - Schüssler, Ulrich
T1  - Reaction textures and fluid behaviour in very high-pressure calc-silicate rocks of the Münchberg gneiss complex, Bavaria, Germany
N2  - Calc-silicate rocks occur as elliptical bands and boudins intimately interlayered with eclogites and high-pressure gneisses in the Munchberg gneiss complex of NE Bavaria. Core assemblages of the boudins consist of grossular-rich garnet, diopside, quartz, zoisite, clinozoisite, calcite, rutile and titanite. The polygonal granoblastic texture commonly displays mineral relics and reaction textures such as postkinematic grossular-rich garnet coronas. Reactions between these mineral phases have been modelled in the CaO-Al203-Si02-C02-H2 0 system with an internally consistent thermodynamic data base. High-pressure metamorphism in the calc-silicate rocks has been estimated at a minimum pressure of 31 kbar at a temperature of 630°C with X^oSQ.Gi. Small volumes of a C02-N2-rich fluid whose composition was buffered on a local scale were present at peak-metamorphic conditions. The P-T conditions for the onset of the amphibolite facies overprint are about 10 kbar at the same temperature. A'co., of the H20-rich fluid phase is regarded to have been <0.03 during amphibolite facies conditions. These P-T estimates are interpreted as representing different stages of recrystallization during isothermal decompression. The presence of multiple generations of mineral phases and the preservation of very high-pressure relics in single thin sections preclude pervasive post-peak metamorphic fluid flow as a cause of a re-equilibration within the calc-silicates. The preservation of eclogite facies, very high-pressure relics as well as amphibolite facies reactions textures in the presence of a fluid phase is in agreement with fast, tectonically driven unroofing of these rocks.
KW  - calc-silicate rocks; fluid behaviour; P-T path; reaction textures; Variscan basement; very high-pressure metamorphism
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31035
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klotz, Karl-Norbert
A1  - Jesaitis, A. J.
T1  - Neutrophil chemoattractant receptors and the membrane skeleton
N2  - Signal transduction via receptors for N-formylmethionyl peptide chemoattractants (FPR) on human neutrophils is a highly regulated process which involves participation of cytoskeletal elements. Evidence exists suggesting that the cytoskeleton and/or the membrane skeleton controls the distributJon of FPR in the plane of the plasma membrane, thus controlling the accessibility of FPR to different proteins in functionally distinct domains. In desensitized cells, FPR are restricted todomains which are depleted of G proteins but enriched in cytoskeletal proteins such as actin and fodrin. Thus, the G protein signal transduction partners of FPR become inaccessible to the agonist-occupied receptor, preventing cell activation. The mechanism of interaction of FPR with the membrane skeleton is poorly understood but evidence is accumulating that suggests a direct binding of FPR (and other receptors) to cytoskeletal proteins such as actin.
KW  - Toxikologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60471
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klotz, Karl-Norbert
A1  - Jesaitis, A. J.
T1  - Physical coupling of N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptors to G protein is not affected by desensitization
N2  - Desensitization of N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptors (FPR) in human neutrophils results in association of these receptors to the membrane skeleton. This is thought to be the critical event in the lateral segregation of receptors and guanyl nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) within the plane of the plasma membrane resulting in an interruption of the signaling cascade. In this study we probed the interaction of FPR with G protein in human neutrophils that were desensitized to various degrees. Human neutrophils were desensitized using the photoreactive agonist N-formyl-met-leu-phelys- N\(^\epsilon\)-[\(^{125}\)I]2(p-azidosalicylamido )ethyl-1 ,3 '-dithiopropionate (/MLFK-[\(^{125}\)I]ASD). The interaction if FPR with G protein was studied via a reconstitution assay and subsequent analysis of FPR-G protein complexes in sucrose density gradients. FPR-G protein complexes were reconstituted with solubilized FPR from partially and fully desensitized neutrophils with increasing concentrations of Gi purified from bovine brain. The respective EC\(_{50}\) values for reconstitution were similar to that determined for FPR from unstimulated neutrophils (Bommakanti RK et al., J Bio[ Chem 267: 757~7581, 1992). We conclude, therefore, that the affinity of the interaction of FPR with G protein is not affected by desensitization, consistent with the model of lateral segregation of FPR and G protein as a mechanism of desensitization.
KW  - Toxikologie
KW  - chemotactic receptors
KW  - G proteins
KW  - N-formyl peptides
KW  - signal transduction
KW  - receptor-G protein coupling
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60483
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klotz, Karl-Norbert
A1  - Jesaitis, A. J.
T1  - The interaction of N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptors with the membrane skeleton is energy-dependent
N2  - Desensitization of N-fonnyl peptide chemoattractant receptors (FPR) in human neutrophils is thought to be achieved by lateral segregation of receptors and G proteins within the plane of the plasma membrane resulting in an interruption of the signalling cascade. Direct coupling of FPR to membrane skeletal actin appears to be the basis of this process~ however, the molecular mechanism is unknown. In this study we investigated the effect of energy depletion on formation of FPR-membrane skeleton complexes. In addition the effect of the protein kinase C inhibitor stauroporine and the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid on coupling of FPR to the membrane skeletonwas studied. Human neutrophils were desensitized using the photoreactive agonist N-formy1-met-leu-phe-1ys-N'[\(^{125}\)I]2(p-azidosalicylamido)ethyl-1,3'-dithiopropionate (fMLFK-[\(^{125}\)I]ASD) after ATP depletion with NaF or after incubation with the respective inhibitors. The interaction of FPR with the membrane skeleton was studied by Sedimentation of the membrane skeleton-associated receptors in sucrose density gradients. Energy depletion of the cells markedly inhibited the formation of FPR-membrane skeleton complexes. This does not appear tobe related to inhibition of protein phosphorylation due to ATP depletion because inhibition of protein kinases and phosphatases bad no significant effect on coupling of FPR to the membrane skeleton. We conclude, therefore, that coupling of FPR to the membrane skeleton is an energy,dependent process which does not appear to require modification of the receptor protein by phosphorylation.
KW  - Toxikologie
KW  - Chemotactic receptors
KW  - G proteins
KW  - N-formyl peptides
KW  - signal transduction
KW  - desensitization
KW  - membrane skeleton
KW  - receptor-G protein coupling.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60499
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klotz, Karl-Norbert
A1  - Krotec, K. L.
A1  - Gripentrog, J.
A1  - Jesaitis, A. J.
T1  - Regulatory interaction of N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptors with the membrane skeleton in human neutrophils
N2  - The cytoskeleton and/or membrane skeleton has been implicated in the regulation of N-formyl peptide receptors. The coupling of these chemotactic receptors to the membrane skeleton was investigated in plasma membranes from unstimulated and desensitized human neutrophils using the photoreactive agonist N-formyl-met-leu-phelys-N\(^6\)-[\(^{125}\)I]2(p-azidosalicylamido)ethyl-1,3'-dithiopropionate (fMLFK-[\(^{125}\)I]ASD). When membranes of unstimulated cells were solubilized in Triton-X 100, a detergent that does not disrupt actin filaments, only 50% of the photoaffinity-labeled receptors were solubilized sedimenting in sucrose density gradients at a rate consistent with previous reports. The remainder were found in the pellet fraction along with the membrane skeletal actin. Solubilization of the membranes in the presence of p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid, elevated concentrations of KCI, or deoxyribonuclease I released receptors in parallel with actin. When membranes from neutrophils, desensitized by incubation with fMLFK-e 251]ASD at 15°C, were solubilized, nearly all receptors were recovered in the pellet fraction. lncubation of cells with the Iigand at 4°C inhibited desensitization partially and prevented the conversion of a significant fraction of receptors to the form associated with the membrane skeletal pellet. ln these separations the photoaffinity-labeled receptors not sedimenting to the pellet cosedimented with actin. Approximately 25% of these receptors could be immunosedimented with antiactin antibodies suggesting that N-formyl peptide receptors may interact directly with actin. These results are consistent with a regulatory role for the interaction of chemotactic N-formyl peptide receptors with actin of the membrane skeleton.
KW  - Toxikologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60466
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kurtz-Costes, Beth E.
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
T1  - Self-concept, attributional beliefs, and school achievement: A longitudinal analysis
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Psychologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62245
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kübler, N.
A1  - Reuther, J.
A1  - Kirchner, T.
A1  - Pfaff, M.
A1  - Müller-Hermelink, H. K.
A1  - Albert, R.
A1  - Sebald, Walter
T1  - IgG monoclonal antibodies that inhibit osteoinductivity of human bone matrix-derived proteins (hBMP/NCP)
N2  - Monoclonal hBMP/NCP (human bone morphogenetic protein anrl associaterl noncollagenous proteins) antiborlies of the lgG class were prorlucerl. In vitro, 12 of 19 hBMP/NCP antiborlies showerl functional inhibition of hBMP/ NCP-induced chondroneogenesis in a neonatal muscle tissue assay. Inducing factors were characterized by their inhibiting antibodies with immunoblotting. Several peptide factors seem to be involved in the cascade of inducerl chondro- and osteogenesis.
KW  - Biochemie
KW  - bone morphogenetic proteins
KW  - neutralizing antibodies
KW  - cartilage induction
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62388
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lampidis, Robert
A1  - Gross, Roy
A1  - Sokolovic, Zeljka
A1  - Goebel, Werner
A1  - Kreft, Jürgen
T1  - The virulence regulator protein of Listeria ivanovii is highly homologous to PrfA from Listeria monocytogenes and both belong to the Crp-Fnr family of transcription regulators
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Biologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60503
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lehrnbecher, T.
A1  - Poot, M.
A1  - Orscheschek, K.
A1  - Sebald, Walter
A1  - Feller, A. C.
A1  - Merz, H.
T1  - Interleukin 7 as interleukin 9 drives phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells through several cell cycles; no synergism between interleukin 7, interleukin 9 and interleukin 4
N2  - The effects of the interlenkins IL-7 and IL-9 on cell cycle progression were investigated by conventional [3H]thymidine incorporation and by the bivariate BrdU/Hoechst technique. 8oth IL· 7 and IL-9 drive phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells through more than one cell cycle, but IL-7 wasmorepotent on cell cycle progression than IL-9. Neither synergistic nor inhibitory effects were seen between various combinations of the lymphokines IL-7, IL-9 and IL-4 compared to each lymphokine alone. When T cells are activated with phytohemagglutinin for 3 days, all or most IL-4 responsive cells respond to IL-7 as weil, whereas only a part of IL-7 responders are IL-4 responders. In contrast, when T cells are activated with phytohemagglutinin for 7 days, the quantitative data of the cell cycle distribution soggest that the population of IL-7 responders is at least an overlapping, if not a real subset of the population of the IL-4 responders.
KW  - Biochemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62438
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lesch, K. P.
A1  - Stöber, Gerald
A1  - Balling, U.
A1  - Franzek, Ernst
A1  - Li, S. H.
A1  - Ross, C. A.
A1  - Newman, M.
A1  - Beckmann, H.
A1  - Riederer, P.
T1  - Triplet repeats in clinical subtypes of schizophrenia: variation at the DRPLA (B37 CAG repeat) locus is not associated with periodic catatonia
N2  - Clinical evidence for a dominant mode of inheritance and anticipation in periodic catatonia, a distinct subtype of schizophrenia, indicates that genes with triplet repeat expansions or other unstable repetitive elements affecting gene expression may be involved in the etiology of this disorder. Because patients affected with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) may present with "schizophrenic" symptoms, we have investigated the DRPLA (B 37 CAG repeat) locus on chromosome 12 in 41 patients with periodic catatonia. The B 37 CAG repeat locus was highly polymorphic but all alleles in both the patient and control group had repeat sizes within the normal range. We conclude that variation at the DRPLA locus is unlikely to be associated with periodic catatonia. The evidence for dominant inheritance and anticipation as well as the high prevalence of human brain genes containing trinucleotide repeats justifies further screening for triplet repeat expansions in periodic catatonia.
KW  - Schizophrenie
KW  - Association study
KW  - B 37 CAG repeat locus
KW  - chromosome 12
KW  - schizophrenia
KW  - periodic catatonia
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63369
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
T1  - Biologische Vielfalt und ökologische Stabilität
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31157
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lubjuhn, T.
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
A1  - Epplen, J. T.
T1  - Methodik und Anwendungsgebiete des genetischen Fingerabdruckverfahrens
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61978
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maisner, A.
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen
A1  - Liszewski, M.K.
A1  - Atkinson, J.P.
A1  - Herrler, G.
T1  - Binding of measles virus to membrane cofactor protein (CD46): importance of disulfide bonds and N-glycans for the receptor function
N2  - Two cellular proteins, membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and moesin, were reported recently to be functionally associated with the initiation of a measles virus infection. We bave analyzed the interaction of measles virus with cell surface proteins, using an overlay binding assay with cellular proteins immobilized on nitrocellulose. Among surface-biotinylated proteins from a human rectal tumor cellline (HRT), measles virus, was able to bind only to a 67-kDa proteinthat was identified as MCP. The virus recognized dift'erent isoforms of MCP expressed from human (HRT and HeLa) and simian (Vero) celllines. The binding of measles virus to MCP was abolished after cleavage of the disulfide bonds by reducing agents as weil as after enzymatic release of N-linked oligosaccharides. By contrast, removal of sialic acid or 0-linked oligosaccharides did not aft'ect the recognition of MCP by measles virus. These data indicate that the receptor determinant of MCP is dependent on a conformation of the protein that is maintained by disulfide bonds and N-glycans present in tbe complement binding domains. Our results are consistent with a roJe of MCP as primary attacbment site for measles virus in the initial stage of an infection. The functional relationship between MCP and moesin in a measles virus infection is discussed.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34324
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malitschek, Barbara
A1  - Wittbrodt, Joachim
A1  - Fischer, Petra
A1  - Lammers, Reiner
A1  - Ullrich, Axel
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
T1  - Autocrine stimulation of the Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase in Xiphophorus melanoma cells and identification of a source for the physiological ligand
N2  - The melanoma·inducing gene of Xiphophorus fish encodes the Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase. U sing a highly specific antiserum p~oduced against the recombinant receptor expressed with a baculovirus, it is shown that Xmrk is the most abundant phosphotyrosine protein in fish melanoma and thus highly activated in the tumors. Studies on a melanoma cellline revealed that these cells produce an activity that considerably stimulates receptor autophosphorylation. The stimulating activity induces receptor down-regulation and can be depleted from the melanoma cellsupernatant by the immobilized recombinant receptor protein. The fish melanoma cells can thus be considered autocrine tumor cells providing a source for future purification and characterization of the Xmrk ligand.
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61551
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marohn, Frank
T1  - Asymptotic sufficiency of order statistics for almost regular Weibull type densities
N2  - Consider a location family which is defined via a Weibull type density having shape parameter a = 1. We treat the problem, which portion of the order statistics is asymptotically sufficient. It turns out that the intermediate order statistics are relevant.
KW  - Weibull type density
KW  - intermediate order statistics
KW  - asymptotic sufficiency
KW  - local asymptotic normality
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45837
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maschwitz, Ulich
A1  - Fiala, Brigitte
A1  - Saw, L. G.
A1  - Norma-Rashid, Yusoff
A1  - Idris, Azarae Haji
T1  - Ficus obscura var. borneensis (Moraceae), a new non-specific ant-plant from Malesia
N2  - Ficus obscura var. borneensis is a true myrmecophyte. It spontaneously forms cavities (domatia) in parts of its twigs which open by slits, These occur in the internodes and are usually not swollen. The domatia are inhabited by a variety of non-specific tree-living ants including Crematogaster spp., Cataulacus sp., Tetramorium sp., Cardio condyla sp. and Camponotus sp.. Additionally the plant providL a su~ar-containing secretion from extrafloral nectaries on the lower surfaces of the leaves. Examination of herbarium specimens of 37 other South-east Asian Ficus species did not reveal a single specimen with domatia.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42926
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maschwitz, Ulrich
A1  - Fiala, Brigitte
A1  - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
T1  - Clerodendrum fistulosum (Verbenanceae), an unspecific myrmecophyte from Borneo with spontaneously opening domatia
N2  - Clerodendrumjistulosum Becc. is a true myrmecophyte as it offers nesting space for ants in hollow intemodes. In contrast to previous reports our investigations proved that these domatia open by themselves, thus providing cavities for a variety of different ant species. In Sarawak, Malaysia, we did not find an obligate relationship between C. jistulosum and a specific ant-partner. For comparison, studies on herbarium material of other Clerodendrum species were carried out a further species, C. deflexum from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra presumably also is myrmecophytic.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31013
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - McCarron, R. M.
A1  - Wang, L.
A1  - Sirén, Anna-Leena
A1  - Spatz, M.
A1  - Hallenbeck, J. M.
T1  - Monocyte adhesion to cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells derived from hypertensive and normotensive rats
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Neurobiologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62960
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - McCarron, R. M.
A1  - Wang, L.
A1  - Sirén, Anna-Leena
A1  - Spatz, M.
A1  - Hallenbeck, J. M.
T1  - Adhesion molecules on normotensive and hypertensive rat brain endothelial cells
N2  - The intercellular adhesion of circulating leukocytes to vascular endothellum ls a prerequisite for leukocyte emigration from the blood to extravascular tlssues. This process is facllltated by adhesion molecules on the surfaces of both the vascular endothelial cells and the leukocytes. The experiments presented here demonstrate for the first time that the leukocyte adhesion receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, is constitutively expressed on cultured cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell lines derived from both spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats and normotensive WistarKyoto (WKY) rats. Both cultures contained simliar numbers of cells constitutively expressing this adhesion molecule (31.4% and 29.6%, respectlvely). Adhesion molecule expression was up-regulated by interleukin-1 ß, tumor necrosis factor-a, interferon-y and lipopolysaccharide in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Both cultures exhibited similar maximum levels of adhesion molecule up-regulation to optimal concentrations of all three cytokines. However, SHR endothelial cells were moresensitive to all three cytokines; significantly higher levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expresslon were seen on SHR as opposed to WKY endothelial cells cultured with sub-optimal cytokine concentrations. It was also observed that lipopolysaccharide up-regulated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on SHR endothelial cells to a greater extent than on WKY endothelial cells.
The findings that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 can be up-regulated to a greater degree on SHR endothelial cells may have important implications for in vivo perivascular leukocyte accumulation under hypertensive conditions. These observations indicate a possible mechanism by which hypertension may predispose to the development of disorders such as atherosclerosis and stroke.
KW  - Endothelzelle
KW  - Zell-Adhäsionsmolekül
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86819
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Meyer, Axel
A1  - Morrissey, Jean M.
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
T1  - Recurrent origin of a sexually selected trait in Xiphophorus fishes inferred from a molecular phylogeny
N2  - DARWIN\(^1\) believed that sexual selection accounts for the evolution of exaggerated male ornaments, such as the sword-like caudal fin extensions of male fishes of the genus Xiphophorus, that appear detrimental to survival. Swordtails continue to feature prominently in empirical work and theories of sexual selection; the pre-existing bias hypothesis has been offered as an explanation for the evolution of swords in these fishes\(^{2,3}\). Based upon a largely morphological phylogeny, this hypothesis suggests that female preference to mate with sworded males arose in ancestrally swordless species, thus pre-dating the origin of the sword itself and directly driving its evolution. Here we present a molecular phylogeny (based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences) of Xiphophorus which differs from the traditional one: it indicates that the sword originated and was lost repeatedly. Our phylogeny suggests that the ancestor of the genus is more likely to have possessed a sword than not, thus questioning the applicability of the pre-existing bias hypothesis as an explanation for the cvolution of this sexually selected trait.
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61569
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühleisen, M.
A1  - Tacke, Reinhold
T1  - Twofold deprotonated citric acid as a bidentate ligand of pentacoordinate silicon: synthesis and structural characterization of the zwitterionic \(\lambda_5\)Si-spirosilicate bis[citrato(2-)-O\(^3\),O\(^4\)][(dimethylammonio)methyl]silicate hydrate
N2  - The zwitterionic \(\lambda_5\) Si-spirosilicate bis[ citrato(2-)-0\(^3\) ,0\(^4\) )[ ( dimethylammonio) methyl]silicate (4) was synthesized by reaction of (MeO)\(_3\)SiCH\(_2\)NMe\(_2\) (3) with citric acid (molar ratio 1 :2) in acetonitrile at room temperature and isolated, after crystallization from water, as the hydrate 4 · H\(_2\)O (yield 81 %). The crystal structure of 4 · H\(_2\)O was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The alcoxide oxygen atoms and central carboxylate oxygen atoms of two citrato(2-) ligands and one carbon atom coordinate to the silicon atom of 4 · H\(_2\)O. The coordination polyhedron around the pentacoordinate silicon atom (SiO\(_4\)C framework) can be described as a distorted trigonal bipyramid, the two carboxylate oxygen atoms occupying the axial sites. The \(\lambda_5\) Si~silicon(IV) complex 4 also exists in solution (DMSO, H\(_2\)O).
KW  - Anorganische Chemie
KW  - Silicon
KW  - pentacoordinate
KW  - Lambda5Si-Spirosilicate
KW  - zwitterionic
KW  - Citrato(2-)-03
KW  - 04ligand
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64388
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühleisen, M.
A1  - Tacke, Reinhold
T1  - meso-[1,4-Piperaziniumdiylbis(methylene)]bis{bis[2-methyllactato(2-)-O1,O2]silicate} octahydrate: synthesis and crystal structure analysis of a zwitterionic dispirocyclic \(\lambda^5\)Si,\(\lambda^5\)Si'-disilicate
N2  - The zwitterionic dispirocyclic \(\lambda^5\)Si,\(\lambda^5\)Si'-disilicate meso-[1 ,4-piperaziniumdiylbis( methylene)]bis{ bis[ 2-methyllactato(2-)-O\(^1\),O\(^2\)]silicate} octahydrate (6-8H\(_2\)O) was synthesized by reaction of 1,4-bis[(trimethoxysilyl}methyl] piperazine (8) with 2-methyllactic acid (molar ratio 1:4) in water/acetone (yield 82%). The molecular dinuclear silicon(IV) complex 6 contains two pentacoordinate (formally negatively charged) silicon atoms and two tetracoordinate (formally positively charged) nitrogen atoms. The crystal structure of 6•8H20 was studied by X-ray diffraction.
KW  - Anorganische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64396
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühlhäuser, M.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Marian, C. M.
A1  - Peyerimhoff, S. D.
A1  - Bruna, P. J.
A1  - Jansen, M.
T1  - Einfluß der Ladungsverteilung auf die Bindungslängen im P\(_4\)O\(_6\) Gerüst bei Verbindungen des Typs P\(_4\)O\(_6\)X
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59034
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühlhäuser, M.
A1  - Froudakis, G.
A1  - Zdetsis, A.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Flytzanis, N.
A1  - Peyerimhoff, S. D.
T1  - Ab initio investigation of the stability of Si\(_3\)C<\(_3\) clusters and their structural and bonding features
N2  - Various structural possibilities for Si\(_3\)C\(_3\) clusters are investigated by ab initio calculations employing basis sets of double- and triple-zeta quality augmented by d polarization functions. Correlation effects are included by a second-order Moeller Piesset perturbation treatment. For the two lowest-lying structures higher-order correlation corrections and multi-reference effects are also included. Bonding features are investigated by two different types of population analyses to obtain insight into the nature of chemical bonding. A total of 17 stationary points were investigated, 14 of which correspond to local minima and three being transition states. The energetically lowest-lying structures are: A "pyramidlike" structure with various multicenter bonds, followed by a es symmetric isomer closely related to the ground state Si6 structure. Planar structures, favoured in small carbon clusters, lie higher in energy and are transition states. The lowest-lying triplet system is found to be the linear nonsymmetric Si - C-C-C-Si -Si structure, which is calculated to lie about 38 kcalfmole above the singlet ground state. A building-up principle based on bonding criteria is suggested for the occurence of the various structural possibilities.
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59060
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, J. G.
A1  - Czub, S.
A1  - Rethwilm, Axel
A1  - Müller-Hermelink, H. K.
T1  - Korrelation von Organpathologie und Verteilung virusreplizierenderZellen, nachgewiesen mit der RNA in situ Hybridisierungwährend der SIVmac-Infektion von Macaca mulatta
T1  - Correlation of Organ Pathology and Distribution of SIV detected by in situ Hybridization during SIVmac Infection of Macaca mulatta
N2  - No abstract available
N2  - 22 juvenile rhesus macaques were infected i.v. with SIVmac and killed at defined timepoints after infection. Productively infected cells were detected by RNA in situ hybridization in the paraffin material. Their number was correlated with the pathology of lymph nodes, thymus, extranodallymphatic parenchyma and other organs. In the first weeks alllymphatic tissues and compartiments got infected, as weil as the brain, the bone marrow and other organs. The high virus replication during this first phase dissappeared with the onset of the seroconversion and remained low during all stages of atrophy of the lymphatic parenchyma. The atrophy of the lymphatic parenchyma and its microenvironment was not correlated with virus replication. This may implicate that a virostatic therapy might be more succesfull in the first weeks of infection.
KW  - Virologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47331
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, T.
A1  - Dieckmann, T.
A1  - Sebald, Walter
A1  - Oschkinat, H.
T1  - Aspects of receptor binding and signalling of interleukin-4 investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and NMR spectroscopy
N2  - Cytokines are hormones that carry information from ceJI to ceH. This information is read from their surface upon binding to transmembrane receptors and by the subsequent initiation of receptor oligomerization. An inftuence on this process through mutagenesis on the hormone surface is highly desirab)e for medical reasons. However, an understanding of hormone-receptor interactions requires insight into the structural changes introduced by the mutations. In this line structural studies on human TL-4 and the medically important IL-4 antagonists YI24D and Y124G are presented. The site a.round YI24 is an important epitope responsible for the a.bility of 11-4 t.o ca.use a signal in the target cells. It is shown that the local main-chain structure around residue 124 in the variants remains unchanged. A strategy is presented here which allows the study of these types of proteins and their variants by NMR which does not require carbon Iabeiied sa.mples.
KW  - Biochemie
KW  - Interleukin-4
KW  - protein structure
KW  - NMR
KW  - signal transduction
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62444
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, T.
A1  - Sebald, Walter
A1  - Oschkinat, H.
T1  - Antagonist design through forced electrostatic mismatch
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Biochemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62408
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nakayama, Ichiro
A1  - Foresti, Fausto
A1  - Tewari, Rita
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
A1  - Chourrout, Daniel
T1  - Sex chromosome polymorphism and heterogametic males revealed by two cloned DNA probes in the ZW/ZZ fish Leporinus elongatus
N2  - In order to study the divergence of teleost sex chromosomes, subtractive cloning was carried out between genomic DNA ofmales and females ofthe rainbow trout (XX/XY) and of Leporinus elongatus (ZW /ZZ). Inserts cloned in a plasmid vector were individually tested on Southern blots of DNA of males and females for sex specificity. No sex-specific insert was obtained from trout, but two out of ten inserts cloned from L. elongatus showed sex-specific patterns in this species: one corresponds to a sequence present on both Z and W chromosomes, while the other is W specific. Sequences of these two inserts show neither clear homology with other known sequences, nor an open reading frame. They cross-hybridize with the genomic DNA of Leporinusfriderici, but without sex-specific patterns. Twenty-four L. elongatus adults were sexed by gonadal observation, chromosomed examination and Southern hybridization with one or the other insert. Ten males and 11 females had chromosomes and hybridization patterns typical of their sex. One ZW female was recognized as a male with the W-specific probe. This was also the case for two unusual ZW males, one having a male hybridization pattern with the other probe. These three atypical individuals may result from single genetic exchanges between four regions of the Z and the W, giving rise to three atypical W chromosomes. Finding males with such atypical heterochromosomes in a female heterogametic species may indicate that a gradual transition occurs between the heterogametic systems.
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61583
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pauli, Paul
A1  - Lutzenberger, W.
A1  - Rau, H.
A1  - Birbaumer, N.
A1  - Rickard, T. C.
A1  - Yaroush, R. A.
A1  - Bourne, L. E. J.
T1  - Brain potentials during mental arithmetic: effects of extensive practice and problem difficulty
N2  - Recent behavioral investigations indicate that the processes underlying mental arithmetic change systematically with practice from deliberate, conscious calculation to automatic, direct retrieval of answers from memory [Bourne, L.E.Jr. and Rickard, T.C., Mental calculation: The development of a cognitive skill, Paper presented at the Interamerican Congress of Psychology, San Jose, Costa Rica, 1991; Psychol. Rev., 95 (1988) 492-527]. Results reviewed by Moscovitch and Winocur [In: The handbook of aging and cognition, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1992, pp. 315-372] suggest that consciously controlled processes are more dependent on frontal lobe function than are automatic processes. It is appropriate, therefore to determine whether transitions in the locus of primary brain activity occur with practice on mental calculation. In this experiment, we examine the relationship between characteristics of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and mental arithmetic. Single-digit mental multiplication problems varying in difficulty (problem size) were used, and subjects were trained on these problems for four sessions. Problem-size and practice effects were reliably found in behavioral measures (RT). The ERP was characterized by a pronounced late positivity after task presentation followed by a slow wave, and a negativity during response indication. These components responded differentially to the practice and problem-size manipulations. Practice mainly affected topography of the amplitude of positivity and offset latency of slow wave, and problem-size mainly offset latency of slow wave and pre-response negativity. Fronto-central positivity diminished from session to session, and the focus of positivity centered finally at centro-parietal regions. This finding suggests that frontal lobe processing is necessary as long as task performance is not automatized, while automatized arithmetic processing requires parietal brain activity only. The pre-response negativity observed in the first session and during more difficult tasks is assumed to reflect excitatory preparatory processes, which could be associated with activation of calculation strategies.
KW  - Psychologie
KW  - Mental arithmetic
KW  - Event-related potential
KW  - Practice
KW  - Automatization
KW  - Problem size
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61345
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pleß, V.
A1  - Suter, H. U.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
T1  - Ab initio study of the energy difference between the benzene and the cumulene form of the C\(_6\) molecule
N2  - The energy difference between the three lowest-lying isomers of C\(_6\) the linear \(^3 \sum ^-\) state and the two ring forms,the benzene structure (\(^1\)A\(_{18}\)) possessing D\(_{6h}\) symmetry and a distorted cyclic form ( \(^1\)A'\(_1\), D\(_{3h}\) symmetry) have been calculated using various ab initio methods. Variational methods such as multireference configuration interaction (MR-CI) and complete active space second order perturbatiOn treatment (CASPT2) have been applied, as weil as perturbational treatments and coupled cluster calculations (CCD). The correlation of all valence shell electrons is found to be important for a balanced description of the isomers of C\(_6\) . Methods which do not account for higher-order effects appropriately proved to be unsuitable for calculating the energy difference correctly. The results from multireference configuration interaction methods show that the isomers are close in energy with the cyclic forms somewhat lower than the linear form. The ring form possessing D\(_{3h}\) symmetry (\(^1\)A'\(_1\)} is found tobe the lowest-lying structure.
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59059
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Probstmeier, R.
A1  - Bilz, A.
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürger
T1  - Expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule and polysialic acid during early mouse embryogenesis
N2  - The expression of the neural cell adhesion molccule (N-CAM) and a 2-8 linked polysialic acid (PSA), whieh is believed to be predominantly expressed on N-CAM, was investigated during early embryonie development ofthe mouse (embryonic days 7.5 to 10.0). By immunoeytoehemistry, in tissue sections, N-CAM and PSA were not detectable at embryonie day 7.5 but were expressed in the prominent body regions such as somites, unsegmented mesoderm, developing heart, and neuroectoderm at embryonie day 8.0 N-CAM and PSA immunoreaetivities were always predominantly associated with tbe plasma membrane. No tissue could be detected which was positive for PSA but negative for N-CAM. In Western blot analysis of whole embryos, by contrast, only the lightly sialylated and PSA-negative 180 and 140 kD isoforms of N-CAM werc present at embryonie day 8.0 and strong expression of PSA-bearing, heavily sialylated N-CAM was not detectable before embryonie day 10.0. In Western blot analysis of N-CAM immunoaffinity purifled from whole embryos and digested with neuraminidase as weil as in Northern blot analysis, the 120 kD isoform of N-CAM or its eorresponding mRN A were not expressed in detectable amounts during the time period investigated.
KW  - Immunologie
KW  - embryo
KW  - mouse
KW  - N-CAM
KW  - sialic acid
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54921
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Quast, Helmut
A1  - Schmitt, Edeltraud
A1  - Schäfer, Peter
A1  - Heller, Eberhard
A1  - Aldenkortt, Sven
T1  - Synthesis and Thermolysis of a Chiral, Non-Racemic Iminoaziridine
N2  - The 2-halo imidoyl chlorides 7 are obtained from the amide 5 and the 2-halo amides 6 by the action of phosphorus pentachloride and thionyl chloride, respectively. Non-racemic (S)-6a is converted into 7a which is racemic, however. The reaction of Lawesson's reagent with 6a furnishes the diastereomeric 1,3.2-thiazaphospholidine derivatives 15. Treatment of (S)-6a (98% eel with methyl triflate affords 2-chloro imidate 8 (95% eel which reacts with methanamine in the presence of methanammonium chloride to yield the 2-chloro amidine (S)-9a (90% eel. The 2-halo imidoyl halides 7a and b react with methanamine to produce the 2-halo amidines 9a and b. - Strong bases, e.g. potassium tert-butoxide or sodium hydride in the presence of catalytic amounts of tertbutyl alcohol, eliminate hydrogen chloride or bromide from the 2-halo amidines 9a and band (S)-9a to yield mixtures of Recently, we demonstrated that the formation of the chiral non-racemic aziridinone (R)-2 from the a-chloro amide (5)-1 by base-promoted dehydrochlorination[2) as well as the nucleophilic cleavage of the N-C(3) bond of (R)_2[3,4) occur with inversion of configuration, thus excluding the intervention of achiral (acyclic) intermediates. In the temperature range of lOO-170°C, however, slow racemization accompanies the thermolysis of (R)-2 and indicates the existence of an achiral or a racemic transient, e. g. (M)-3 + (P)-3. Indeed, high-level quantum-chemical calculations reveal that an activation energy of (170 ± 25) kJmol- 1 is required for the unimolecular ring opening of the parent aziridinone which affords a species of high diradical character[41. Subsequently, the unstable N-phenylaziridinone invoked in the decomposition of the (5)-2-bromopropananilide anion was shown to react with tert-butylamine or dimethylformamide with inversion of configuration at C(3)[51. Thus, the stereochemical evidence in the series of 3-alkylaziridinones excludes achiral (acyclic) aziridinone isomers as intermediates at low tempera tures [6J. Similar stereochemical studies are still missing in the related series of iminoaziridines. Therefore, we report on the synthesis and thermolysis of the diastereomeric chiral racemic (E)- and (Z)-(4)[71 and non-racemic iminoaziridines (E,R)- and (Z,R)-4. Racemic Iminoaziridines (E)- and (Z)-4 Though a photochemical route to the iminoaziridines (E)- and (Z)-4 has been devised more recently, i. e. the phothe 2-iminoaziridines (E)- and (Z)-4, and (E,R)- and (Z.R)-4 (83% eel, respectively. The 1.3-elimination of hydrogen bromide from 9b is diastereoselective at -30 to -40°C [(E)-4:(Z)-4 = <10:>90). The diastereomers equilibrate at 36°C with (kEZ + k ZE) = (5.92 ± 0.08) . 10-5 S-I (K = kEZlkzE = 0.428 ± 0.013). - The thermolysis of (E)- and (Z)-4 in [D61benzene solution yields the imine 16 and methyl isocyanide (17). The decomposition follows the first-order rate law. The following Arrhenius and Eyring parameters are calculated from five rate constants obtained in the temperature range of 70-110°C: Ea = (115.2 ± 0.4) kJmol-t, IgA = (12.06 ± 0.28), AH* = (112.1 ± 0.4) kJmol- l , AS'" = (-23.9 ± 0.7) JK-I mol-I, AGj73K = 121 kJmol-1 . The enantiomeric excess of the surviving fraction of (E,R)- and (Z.R)-4 is unchanged after two half-lives at 80°C.
KW  - Aziridines
KW  - 2-imino-
KW  - chiral
KW  - non-racemic
KW  - Imidoyl halides
KW  - 2-halo
KW  - Imidates
KW  - 2-chloro
KW  - 1
KW  - 3
KW  - 2-Thiazaphospholidines
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38298
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rabinowitz, Mitchell
A1  - Ornstein, Peter A.
A1  - Folds-Bennett, Trisha H.
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
T1  - Age-related differences in speed of processing: Unconfounding age and experience
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Psychologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62223
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reusch, P.
A1  - Arnold, S.
A1  - Heusser, C.
A1  - Wagner, K.
A1  - Weston, B.
A1  - Sebald, Walter
T1  - Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies define two different functional sites in human interleukin-4
N2  - Human interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a small four-helix-bundle protein which is essential for organizing defense reactions against macroparasites, in particular helminths. Human IL-4 also appears to exert a pathophysiological role during various IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Seven different monoclonal antibodies neutralizing the activity of human IL-4 were studied in order to identify functionally important epitopes. A collection of 41 purified IL-4 variants was used to analyse how defined amino acid replacements affect binding affinity for each individual mAb. Specific amino acid positions could be assigned to four different epitopes. mAbs recognizing epitopes on helix A and/or C interfered with IL-4 receptor binding and thus inhibited IL-4 function. However, other mAbs also inhibiting IL-4 function recognized an epitope on helix D of IL-4 and did not inhibit IL-4 binding to the receptor protein. One mAb, recognizing N-terminal and C-terminal residues, partially competed for binding to the receptor. The results of these mAb epitope analyses confirm and extend previous data on the functional consequences of the amino acid replacements which showed that amino acid residues in helices A and C of IL-4 provide a binding site for the cloned IL-4 receptor and that a signalling site in helix D interacts with a further receptor protein.
KW  - Biochemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62418
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reusch, Wolfgang
A1  - Grimmer, Th.
A1  - Heuer, D.
T1  - Magnetfeld längs der Achse von Kreisströmen - Messung und Modellierungen mit Animation
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30611
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ruhe, Ernstpeter
T1  - Sirène en (n)ixe. Mytheninversion in Mallarmés Sonett 'A la nue accablante'
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33863
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rösch, C.
A1  - Hock, R.
A1  - Schüssler, Ulrich
A1  - Yule, P.
T1  - Präislamische Schmuckperlen aus dem Oman - Erste Ergebnisse mineralogisch-materialkundlicher Untersuchungen
N2  - no abstracts available
KW  - Schmuckperle
KW  - Oman
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-81822
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rösch, M.
A1  - Atzmüller, R.
A1  - Schaack, G.
A1  - Becker, Charles R.
T1  - Resonant Raman scattering in a zero-gap semiconductor: Interference effects and deformation potentials at the E\(_1\) and E\(_1\) + \(\Delta_1\) gaps of HgTe
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38062
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schartl, A.
A1  - Dimitrijevic, N.
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
T1  - Evolutionary origin and molecular biology of the melanoma-inducing oncogene of Xiphophorus
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61954
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheer, Ulrich
T1  - Harold Garnet Callan 1917-1993
N2  - Professor Harold Gamet Callan, honorary member of the German Society for Cell Biology, died on the 3rd November 1993, at the age of 76. His name is inseparably connected with lampbrush chromosomes, the most spectacular and aesthetically ailuring form of chromosomes, which occupied the major part of his scientific career. " Mick" Callan's pioneering studies led to fruitful new concepts, served as a building block for many subsequent studies by others, and contributed enormously to our current understanding of chromosome organization and activity ...
KW  - Harold Garnet Callan
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80789
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheer, Ulrich
A1  - Weisenberger, Dieter
T1  - The nucleolus
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32037
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schenk, Wolfdieter A.
A1  - Khadra, Almuetassem
A1  - Burschka, Christian
T1  - Sulphur(IV) compounds as ligands. XX: Adduct formation and ring opening of thiirane-1-oxide with organotin halides. Crystal structure of [(4-FC\(_6\)H\(_4\))\(_2\)SnCl\(_2\)(C\(_2\)H\(_4\)SO)\(_2\)]
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Kristallstruktur
KW  - Sulfur
KW  - Tin
KW  - Sulphur
KW  - Sulfoxide
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31860
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schikora, D.
A1  - Hausleitner, H.
A1  - Einfeldt, S.
A1  - Becker, Charles R.
A1  - Widmer, T.
A1  - Giftige, C.
A1  - Lischka, K.
A1  - von Ortenburg, M.
A1  - Landwehr, G.
T1  - Epitaxial overgrowth of II-VI compounds on patterned substrates
N2  - The selected area epitaxial overgrowth of narrow gap HgTe as well as wide gap CdTe and ZnTe on CdTe/GaAs substrates, which had been structured by dry etching techniques, has been investigated. A plasma etching process using a barrel reactor with CH\(_4\)-CH\(_2\) gases has been employed to prepare stripes with a width of about 1 μm with anisotropic as well as isotropic etching profiles. It has been found, that the selected area HgTe overgrowth takes place with a high local selectivity to the low index planes of the patterned surface. In contrast, the selected area overgrowth of the wide gap CdTe and ZnTe is controlled by anisotropic growth kinetics provided that the substrate temperature is not lower than 220°C and the starting surface consists of well developed low index crystallographic planes.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37985
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schittkowski, K.
A1  - Zillober, Christian
A1  - Zotemantel, R.
T1  - Numerical comparison of nonlinear programming algorithms for structural optimization
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31971
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schliephake, Andreas W.
A1  - Rethwilm, Axel
T1  - Nuclear Localization of Foamy Virus Gag Precursor Protein
N2  - All foamy viruses give rise to a strong nuclear staining when infected cells are reacted with sera from infected hosts. This nuclear ftuorescence distinguishes foamy viruses from all other retroviruses. The experiments reported here indicate that the foamy virus Gag precursor protein is transiently located in the nuclei of infected cells and this is the likely reason for the typical foamy virus nuclear fluorescence. By using the vaccinia virus expression system, a conserved basic sequence motif in the nucleocapsid domain of foamy virus Cag proteins was identified to be responsible for the nuclear transport of the gag precursor molecule. Tbis motif was also found to be able to direct a heterologous protein, the Gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus, into the nucleus.
KW  - Virologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61371
ER  -