TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tacke, Reinhold
A1  - Kropfgans, Martin
A1  - Tafel, Andrea
A1  - Wiesenberger, Frank
A1  - Sheldrick, William S.
A1  - Mutschler, Ernst
A1  - Egerer, Hansjörg
A1  - Rettenmayr, Nikola
A1  - Gross, Jan
A1  - Waelbroeck, Magali
A1  - Lambrecht, Günter
T1  - (Hydroxymethyl)diphenyl(piperidinoalkyl)silane des Typs (HOCH2)(C6H5)2Si(CH2)nNC5H10 (n = 2,3) und deren Methoiodide: Synthese, Struktur und antimuscarinische Eigenschaften
N2  - No abstract available.
KW  - (Hydroxymethyl)diphenyl(piperidinoalkyl)silanes
KW  - Sila-pridinol
KW  - Sila-difenidol
KW  - muscarinic antagonists
KW  - muscarinic receptors
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86904
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Suter, H. U.
A1  - Pleß, V.
A1  - Ernzerhof, M.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
T1  - Difficulties in the Calculation of Electron Spin Resonance Parameters using Density Functional Methods
N2  - Density functional theory is applied to the calculation ofthe isotropic byperfine coupJing constants in some small molecules. Various functionals are tested. The agreement of the calculated values to experimental data and values obtained from sophisticated ab initio methods depends on the functionals used and the system under consideration. With respect to spin density calculations the functional of Lee, Yang and Parr with Becke's excbange functional (BLYP) is found to give good results for tbe heavier center of the CH and the NH molecule, while the spin densities of other molecules such as OH, H\(_2\)CN, H\(_2\)CO\(^+\), NO and O\(_2\) deviate considerably from experimental and/or other theoretical results (30%-60%). In cases where the singly occupied orbital can contribute to the isotropic hyperfine coupling constants, accurate results are obtained. The reason fortbis is analyzed.
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59113
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Suter, H. U.
A1  - Huang, M.-B.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
T1  - A Multireference Configuration Interaction Study of the Hyperfine Structure of the Molecules CCO, CNN and NCN in their triplet ground states
N2  - The hyperfine structures of the isoelectronic molecules CCO. CNN, and NCN in their triplet ground states (X\(^3 \sum ^-\)) are investigated by means of ab initio methods. The infrared frequencies and geometries are detennined and compared with experiment. Configuration selected multireference configuration interaction calculations in combination with perturbation theory to correct the wave function (MRD-CI/B\(_K\)) employing extended atomic orbital (AO) basis sets yielded very accurate hyperfine properties. The theoretical values for CCO are in excellent agreement with the experimental values determined by Smith and Weltner [J. Chem. Phys. 62,4592 (1975)]. For CNN, the first assignment of Smith and Weltner for the two nitrogen atoms has to be changed. A qualitative discussion of the electronic structure discloses no simple relation between the structure of the singly occupied orbitals and the measured hyperfine coupling constants. Vibrational effects were found to be of little importance.
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59108
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Suter, H. U.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
T1  - Theoretical investigation of ESR parameters: H\(_2\)CN and H\(_2\)CO\(^+\)
N2  - The hyperfine structure of the two isoelectronic molecules H\(_2\)CN and H\(_2\)CO\(^+\) in their electronic ground state (X\(^2\)B\(_2\)) is studied. The influence of the atomic orbital (AO), basis sets, of the correlation treatment, and of the. equilibrium geometry on the obtained hyperfine propertles 1s - investigated. It is found that the multireference double excitation-configuration interaction (MRD-CI)/ BK treatment in which an MRD-CI wave function is corrected by a modified B\(_K\) method yields equivalent results to quadratic CI [QCISD(T)], coupled cluster single doubles [CCSD(T)), or Brueckner doubled [BD(T)]. Uncertainties in the equilibrium geometries are found to be the major source for discrepancies between theoretically and experimentally determined isotropic hyperfine coupling constants (hfccs). For the heavier centers, the calculated values of the isotropic hfccs agrees nearly perfectly with experimental values (\(\approx\) 1%-2%). The calculated values for the hydrogens are too low, but using the equilibrium structure suggested by Yamamoto and Sato [J. Chem. Phys. 96, 4157 ( 1992)], the best estimate deviates by less than 3%.
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59029
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stöber, Gerald
T1  - Schwangerschaftsinfektionen bei Müttern von chronisch Schizophrenen: die Bedeutung einer differenzierten Nosologie
N2  - In einer retrospektiven Untersuchung erinnerten 16 von 80 Müttern von chronisch Schizophrenen eine schwere Infektionserkrankung in der Schwangerschaft. Im zweiten Trimenon waren gehäuft Infektionen aufgetreten. Zehn von 80 Müttern von Kontrollpersonen erinnerten ebenfalls eine Infektion. Im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen halfen Mütter Schizophrener im 5. Schwangerschaftsmonat häufiger Infektionen als in den anderen Gestationsmonaten (p < 0,05). Bei "familiären" und "sporadischen" Schizophrenen gemäß DSM III-R kamen im Vergleich zu Kontrollen Infektionen in gleicher Häufigkeit vor. Wurden hingegen in der Diagnostik schizophrener Psychosen die Definitionen von Leonhard zugrunde gelegt, ergaben sich signifikante Unterschiede! Bei den systematischen Schizophrenen (denen nach Leonhard keine erbliche Disposition zugrunde liegt) waren Infektionen gehäuft im 2. Schwangerschaftsdrittel aufgetreten, sowohl im Vergleich zu Kontrollen (p < 0,01) als auch im Vergleich zu den unsystematischen Schizophrenen, die hauptsächlich genetisch bedingt zu sein scheinen (p < 0,001). Infektionserkrankungen im 5. Schwangerschaftsmonat waren ausschließlich bei den Müttern von systematischen Schizophrenen vorgekommen. Bei diesen Krankheitsformen scheinen Infektionen im 2. Schwangerschaftstrimenon und insbesondere im 5. Schwangerschaftsmonat wichtige ätiologische Faktoren zu sein und könnten mitursächlich sein für die beschriebenen zytoarchitektonischen Aberrationen im Zentralnervensystem von chronisch Schizophrenen.
N2  - In a retrospective study, 16 of 80 mothers of chronic DSM III-R schizophrenics reported having had a serious infectious disease during pregnancy. Eleven of the infections had occurred during the second trimester. Influenza and the common cold with fever were frequent. Ten of 80 female controls also recalled having had an infectious illness during pregnancy. Compared to the controls, mothers of schizophrenics reported more infectious illness during pregnancy, particularly during the fifth month ofgestation (p < 0.05). Mothers of familial and of sporadic DSM III-R schizophrenics reported equal frequencies of infections in pregnancy. In contrast, when Leonhard's classification of psychoses was applied, significant differences appeared. Infections during pregnancy were scarcely found in unsystematic schizophrenics (mainly genetically determined according to Leonhard). In systematicschizophrenics (mainly exogenously determined according to Leonhard), a significantly higher frequency of infectious diseases was reported for the second trimester as compared both to controls (p < 0.01) and to unsystematic schizophrenics (p < 0.001). Infections during the fifth month of gestation were exclusively reported in systematic schizophrenics. Thus, in the systematic forms of schizophrenia infections during the second trimester and particularly during the fifth montb ofgestation seem to play an important role in the etiology and seem to be of causal importance for the various cytoarchitectural abnormalities detected in the central nervous system of schizophrenics.
KW  - Medizin
KW  - Psychologie
KW  - Schizophrenie
KW  - Schwangerschaftsinfektion
KW  - "Familiär-sporadisch"- Konzept
KW  - Leonhard-Klassifikation
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - Maternal infections
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Familial/sporadic concept
KW  - Leonhard classification
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78438
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Strik, Werner K.
A1  - Dierks, Thomas
A1  - Franzek, Ernst
A1  - Stöber, Gerald
A1  - Maurer, Konrad
T1  - P300 in Schizophrenia: Interactions between Amplitudes and Topography
N2  - Low P300 amplitudes and topographical asymmetries have been reponed in schizophrenic patients, but reference-independent amplitude assessment failed to replicate reduced amplitudes. P300 amplitude is conventially assessed at midline electrodes (PZ), anti asymmetric topography as reported in schizophrenics, may conj'ound this measurement. We lnvestigated the possible Interaction between P300 ropography and assessments of amplitudes. ln 41 clinically stable schizophrenics and 31 normal controls, the generalfinding ofreduced amplitudes at the P'l electrode and topographical asymmetrles in the patient group were replicated. ln both groups, a.symmetries of the P300 field (lateralized peaks) reduced the standard amplitude assessment at the midline parletal electrode, but did not Qjfoct the reference-independent, global amplitude assessment. This shows thal asymmetry per se does not imply reduced field strength. in addition, in schizophreraics. but not in controls, there was a significcmt effect oftlae direction of asymmetry on both amplltude measures, amplitudes belng lower with increasing shift ofthe P300 peak to the right side. Considering also the slightly left-lateralized peaks in the normal controls. this suggests rhat only right lateralized P300 peaks upressfunctional deficits in schizophrenics, whereas left lateralized pealcs fall wlthin the physiological variability of the P3OO field. Tht refonnce-independent amplitude assessment is proposed for unambiguous amplitude assessment in order to better define the clinical, psychological and physiopathological mtaning of the P3OO alterations in schizophrenics.
KW  - Schizophrenie
KW  - Event-related potentials
KW  - P300
KW  - P300 topography
KW  - Brain mappins
KW  - Schizophrenia
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63351
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Strik, Werner K.
A1  - Dierks, Thomas
A1  - Franzek, Ernst
A1  - Stöber, Gerald
A1  - Maurer, Konrad
T1  - P 300 asymmetries in schizophrenia revisited with reference-independent methods
N2  - Evidence of hemispheric asymmetries in schizophrenia has been reported from different research areas. Asymmetries in evoked potential P300 topography are still controversial because of inconsistent findings. In the present study. previous results of abnormal lateralization of P300 were replicated in stabilized residual Schizophrenie patients. Auditory P300 was recorded during an odd ball task in which subjeets detected rare target stimuli. Schizophrenie patients had the P300 peak shifted to the right hemisphere and differed signifieantly from age- and sex-matched normal control subjects who had left-lateralized P300 peaks. A comparison of different methods of assessment and analysis of the topographical features of the P300 electric fields showed that the extraction of reference-independent descriptors of P300 topography is a reliable and sensitive method for statistical handling of the maps. The results suggest left hemispheric dysfunction during cognitive tasks in a subgroup of Schizophrenie patients. Inconsistencies between previous sturlies are likely to be due to heterogeneous patient groups, which may have included patients in an acute Schizophrenie episode or patients in clinical remission. lnvestigation of the clinical meaning of P300 alterations requires careful psychopathological definition of the patient groups.
KW  - Schizophrenie
KW  - Laterality
KW  - evoked potentials
KW  - electroeneephalography
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63372
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stopper, Helga
A1  - Kühnel, A.
A1  - Podschun, B.
T1  - Combination of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil with an inhibitor of its catabolism results in increased micronucleus induction
N2  - The rate limiting step in 5-fluorouracil catabolism is catalyzed by the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Since degradation of 5-fluorouracil decreases its efficacy in chemotherapy, the inhibition of its catabolism is a promising tool. We investigated the formation of micronuclei in vitro in mouse L5178Y cells. 5-fluorouracil induced an increase in micronucleus frequency, which could significantly be enhanced by the concurrent application of 2,6-dihydroxypyridine, an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. The 5-fluorouracil concentration necessary to reach maximal genotoxic effects could be reduced to half in the presence of inhibitor. 2,6-Dihydroxypyridine alone and the naturally occuring enzyme substrate uracil did not induce micronucleus formation. Combined application of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil and an inhibitor of its could reduce side-effects by lowering the effective dose of the active drug. With this study we provide further support for the usefulness of this concept.
KW  - Toxikologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63383
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stopper, Helga
A1  - Kirchner, S.
A1  - Schiffmann, D.
A1  - Poot, M.
T1  - Cell cycle disturbance in relation to micronucleus formation induced by the carcinogenic estrogen diethylstilbestrol
N2  - In addition to its tumor-promoting activity in honnone-receptive tissue, the carcinogenic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been found to induce cell transformation, aneuploidy and micronucleus formation in mammalian cells. The majority of these micronuclei contained whole chromosomes and were fonned during mitosis. Here a possible relationship between a disturbance in cell cycle progression and micronucleus fonnation is investigated by exposing Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells to DES. Continuous bromodeoxyuridine labeling followed by bivariate Hoechst 33258/ethidium bromide flow cytometry was employed for analysis of cell cycle transit and related to the time course of micronucleus formation. Treatment of SHE cells with DES resulted in delayed and impaired cell activation (exit from the GO/G 1 phase), impaired S-phase transit and, mainly, G2-phase traverse. Cells forming micronuclei, on the other hand, were predominantly in G2 phase during DES treatment. These results suggest that impairment of Sand G2 transit may involve a process ultimately leading to micronucleus formation.
KW  - Toxikologie
KW  - Flow cytometry
KW  - Micronucleus formation
KW  - Diethylstilbestrol
KW  - Hoechst 33258 dye
KW  - Bromodeoxyuridine labeling
KW  - continuous
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82250
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stopper, Helga
A1  - Eckert, I.
A1  - Schiffmann, D.
A1  - Spencer, D. L.
A1  - Caspary, W. J.
T1  - Is micronucleus induction by aneugens an early event leading to mutagenesis?
N2  - This study was designed to investigate a previously unidentified potential mechanism for mutation induction as well as to clarify a biological comequence of micronucleus formation. We compared the induction of micronuclei with mutation inductioo as measured by trißuorothymidine (TFI') resistance in mouse L5178Y cells using four aneugens: colcemid, diethylstilbestrol, griseofulvin and vioblastine. AU four compounds induced micronuclei which appeared in the first cell cycle after treatment. More than 85% of the micronuclei induced by each compound stained positive for the presence of kinetochores implying that the micronuclei contained wbole cbromosomes. However, these same compounds were unable to induce TFf resistance under tbree different treatment regimes. We concluded that tbese compounds, under conditions where tbey induce primarily kinetochore positive micronuclel, were not able to induce mutations. Thus, the induction of micronuclei containing wbole chromosomes barborlog a select.able gene is not an early event leadlog to mutations in these cells.
KW  - Toxikologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63390
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stein, Roland
T1  - Lernbeeinträchtigte nach der Schule - Arbeit oder Sozialhilfe? : Erfahrungen aus der Berufsausbildung ehemaliger Sonderschüler
N2  - Nach der Schulzeit droht Lernbeeinträchtigten durch die allgemeine Entwicklung auf dem Arbeits- und Ausbildungsmarkt eine schwierige Berufsfindung, hochgradig unbefriedigende Hilfsarbeiter-Tätigkeit und - in erheblich zunehmendem Maße - Arbeitslosigkeit und der Verlust von Lebensperspektiven. Der Beitrag zeigt Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der qualifizierten und zukunfts orientierten Berufsausbildung dieser Gruppe auf, wobei sowohl moderne technologische Entwicklungen als auch die Förderung personaler und sozialer Kompetenzen Berücksichtigung finden. Die Fragestellung der Integration Lernbeeinträchtigter wird nicht mit der Schulzeit abgeschlossen - sie stellt sich umso stärker danach.
KW  - Sonderpädagogik / Zeitschrift
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-40091
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Staikova, M.
A1  - Peric, M.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Peyerimhoff, S. D.
T1  - Ab initio Investigation of the Structure of the X\(^2\)A', A\(^2\)A'' (1\(^2\)Π) Spectral System of HCO: Investigation of the Magnetic Hyperfine Effects
N2  - Results ofan ab initio study ofthe hyperfine structure of the X\(^2\)A', A\(^2\) A" ( 1\(^2 \Pi\)) system ofthe formyl radical are presented. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the interplay between the vibronic and magnetic hyperfine etfects. The results of computations are in very good agreement with the available experimental findings. The values for the hyperfine coupling constants in lower bending Ievels of both electronic species are predicted.
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59089
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Staikova, M.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Peric, M.
T1  - Ab initio investigation of the hyperfine structure in the 1\(^2\)Π\(_u\)(X\(^2\)A\(_1\), A\(^2\)B\(_1\) system of BH\(_2\))
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59000
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sponholz, Barbara
T1  - Silicate karst associated with lateritic formations (examples from eastern Niger)
N2  - Silicate and iron crust karst pits and sinkholes in eastern Niger are filled with reworked lateritic sediments or with unconsolidated palaeosoils and aeolian deposits. The fillings facies depend on the environmental conditions during deposition. Geomorphological and sedimentological studies on the karst fillings and the interpretation of various karst/filling associations allow an approach to the chronology of landscape development in eastern Niger plateaus.
KW  - Geographie
KW  - Silicate
KW  - Niger
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-53852
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sponholz, Barbara
T1  - Phénoménes karstiques dans les roches siliceuses au Niger oriental
N2  - Dans le Niger oriental, des phénomenes karstiques sont fréquents dans les roches siliceuses: gres, silcretes, croûtes ferrugineuses, roches cristallines. A partir des études géomorphologiques et micromorphologiques, on peut conclure a une kartsification, au sense de production de formes par dissolution. Les résultats permettent de dater du Tertiaire inférieur la principale période de karstification. La répartition régionale des formes induites par cette karstification indique une dépendance probable des conditions paléoclimatiques. Actuellement le karst influe encore sur le développement des autres formes de relief.
N2  - In North-Eastern Niger karstic features occur commonly in siliceous rocks (sandstones, silcretes, ironcrusts, crystalline). On the base of geomorphological field studies and micromorphological analyses karst forming caused by rock solution is verified. The results render possible the datation of the main karstification period in Early Tertiary. The widespread distribution of similar results indicates the dependance of karstification on palaeoclimatic conditions; actually the karstic systems influence significantly the development of othe landforms.
KW  - silicate karst
KW  - geomorphology
KW  - palaeoclimatology
KW  - Sahara
KW  - Sahel
KW  - Niger
KW  - karst siliceux
KW  - geomorphologie
KW  - paléoclimat
KW  - Sahara
KW  - Sahel
KW  - Niger
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86833
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Siwka, Wieslaw
A1  - Schwinn, Andreas
A1  - Baczko, Knut
A1  - Pardowitz, Iancu
A1  - Mhalu, Fred
A1  - Shao, John
A1  - Rethwilm, Axel
A1  - ter Meulen, Volker
T1  - vpu and env sequence variability of HIV-1 isolates from Tanzania
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Virologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61355
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shephard, S. E.
A1  - Lutz, Werner K.
A1  - Schlatter, C.
T1  - The lacI transgenic mouse mutagenicity assay: quantitative evaluation in comparison to tests for carcinogenicity and cytogenetic damage in vivo
N2  - The detection Iimit of the lacl transgenic mouse mutagenicity assay lies, in practice, at approximately a 50-100% increase in mutant frequency in treated animals over controls. The sensitivity of this assay in detecting genotoxins can be markedly improved by subchronic rather than acute application of the test compound. The lac/ transgenic mouse mutagenicity assay was compared quantitatively to rodent carcinogenicity tests and to presently used in vivo mutagenicity assays. With the genotoxic carcinogens tested thus far, a rough correlation between mutagenic potency and carcinogenic potency was observed: on average, to obtain a doubling in lacl mutant frequency the mice bad to be treated with a total dose equal to 50 times the TD50 daily dose Ievel. This total dose could be administered eilher at a high dose rate within a few days or, preferably, at a low dose rate over several weeks. This analysis also indicated that a lacl experiment using a 250-day exposure period would give a detection Iimit approximately equal to that of a long-term carcinogenicity study. In comparison to the micronucleus test or the chromosome aberration assay, acute sturlies with the presently available lacl system offered no increase in sensitivity. However, subchronic lacl sturlies (3-4-month exposure) resulted in an increase in sensitivity over the established tests by 1-2 orders of magnitude (shown with 2-acetylaminofluorene, N-nitrosomethylamine, N-nitrosomethylurea and urethane). 1t is concluded that a positive result in the lacl test can be highly predictive of carcinogenicity butthat a negative result does not provide a large margin of safety.
KW  - Toxikologie
KW  - Transgenie mice
KW  - Mutagenicity assay
KW  - Sensitivity
KW  - Chromosome aberration
KW  - Micronucleus test
KW  - Carcinogenic potency
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60638
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sendtner, Michael
A1  - Thoenen, Hans
T1  - Oxidative stress and motorneuron disease
N2  - Transgenic mice carrying mutated Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase genes provide insights into the pathogenesis of human motorneuron diseases and may be useful as models in the development and testing of therapies.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42684
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sendtner, Michael
A1  - Dittrich, F.
A1  - Hughes, R. A.
A1  - Thoenen, H.
T1  - Actions of CNTF and neurotrophins on degenerating motoneurons : preclinical studies and clinical implications
N2  - Spinal motoneurons innervating skeletal muscle were amongst the first neurons shown to require the presence of their target cells to develop appropriately. Isolated embryonie chick and rat motoneurons have been used to identify neurotrophic factors and cytokines capable of supporting the survival of developing motoneurons. Such factors include ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which is present physiologically in high amounts in myelinating Schwann cells of peripheral nerves, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which is synthesized in skeletal muscle and, after peripheral nerve lesion. in Schwann cells. These factors have been further analyzed for their physiological significance in maintaining motoneuron function in vivo, and for their potential therapeutic usefulness in degenerative motoneuron disease. Both CNTF and BDNF are capable of rescuing injured facial motoneurons in newbom rats. Furthermore, CNTF prolongs survival and improves motor function of pmn mice, an animal model for degenerative motoneuron disease, by preventing degeneration of motoneuron axons and somata. Thus treatment of human motoneuron disease with neurotrophic factors should be possible, provided that rational means for application of these factors can be established considering also the appearance of potential side effects.
KW  - Neurobiologie
KW  - Motor neuron disease; Ciliary neurotrophic factor; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Animal models; Neurotrophic factors
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62939
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sendtner, Michael
A1  - Carroll, P.
A1  - Holtmann, B
A1  - Hughes, R. A.
A1  - Thoenen, H.
T1  - Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - ciliary neuron
KW  - ciliary neurotrophic factor
KW  - motoneuron
KW  - nonneuronaI cells
KW  - homologous recombination
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42545
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Segev, Y.
A1  - Rager-Zisman, B.
A1  - Isakov, N.
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle
A1  - ter Meulen, V.
A1  - Udem, S. A.
A1  - Segal, S.
A1  - Wolfson, M.
T1  - Reversal of measles virus mediated increase of phosphorylating activity in persistently infected mouse neuroblastoma cells by anti measles antibodies
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Virologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62362
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schüssler, Ulrich
A1  - Henjes-Kunst, Friedhelm
T1  - Petrographical and Geochronological Investigations on a Garnet-Tourmaline Pegmatite from Ringgold Knoll, Oates Coast, Antarctica
N2  - The Ringgold Knoll pegmatite, a late-stage member of the Granite Harbour Intrusives, crosscuts high-grade Wilson gneisses of the Oates Coast, which forms the westernmost part of the Wilson Terrane at the Pacific end of the Cambro-Ordovician Ross orogenic belt in West Antarctica. The pegmatite mineral assemblage consists of K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, garnet (almandinespessartine-pyrope), dark tourmaline (schorl-dravite), muscovite, apatite, monazite, zircon, blue AI-rich tourmaline and dumortierite in order of decreasing abundances. Major, minor and rare earth elements are reported for the greater part of the mineral assemblage. The time of pegmatite emplacement is constrained by Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isochron ages of 492 ± 8 (2a) Ma and 500 ± 40 (2a) Ma, respectively. High initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7315 ± 0.0003 and low E Nd,t of -8.7 ± 1.2 strongly support an origin of the magma from highly evolved crustal source rocks. K-Ar and Ar-Ar model ages of about 470 to 475 Ma for igneous muscovite indicate that the pegmatite together with its wall rocks spent a prolonged period at elevated temperatures before final cooling below about 350 °C. The muscovite dates may give an estimate for the time of exhumation of the Oates Coast crystalline basement along two major late Ross orogenic detachment zones within the Wilson Terrane i.e. the Wilson and the Exiles thrusts (c.f. FLÖTTMANN and KLEINSCHMIDT, 1991).
N2  - Der Pegmatit vom Ringgold Knoll geh6rt zur spaten Gangfolge der Granite Harbour Intrusionen und durchschlagt hochgradig metamorphe Wilson Gneise der Oates Coast, die den westlichsten Teil des Wilson Terranes am pazifischen Ende des Kambro-Ordovizischen Ross Orogengiirtels in der Westantarktis bildet. Die pegmatitische Mineralparagenese besteht aus Kalifeldspat, Plagioklas, Quarz, almandin-spessartin-pyrop-betontem Granat, dunklem schorl-dravit-betontem Turmalin, Muscovit, Apatit, Monazit, Zirkon, blauem AI-reichem Turmalin und Dumortierit in der Reihenfolge abnehmenden Modalanteils. FUr den groBeren Teil der Minerale wurden Haupt-, Neben- und Seltenerdelemente bestimmt. Der Zeitpunkt der Pegmatitintrusion wird durch Rb-Sr und Sm-Nd Isochronenalter von 492 ± 8 (20") Ma bzw. 500 ± 40 Ma (20") datiert. Ein hohes "SrI" Sr Initialverhaltnis von 0,7315 ± 0,0003 und ein niedriger Wert flir E Nd,t von -8,7 ± 1,2 sprechen deutlich für eine Magmenherkunft von hochdifferenzierten krustalen Ausgangsgesteinen. K-Ar und Ar-Ar Modellalter von etwa 470 bis 475 Ma von magmatischem Muscovit zeigen, daB der Pegmatit und das Nebengestein eine langsame AbkUhlung auf Temperaturen unter etwa 350°C er1ebten. Die Muscovitdaten konnen als eine Zeitmarke gesehen werden fUr die Heraushebung des kristallinen Grundgebirges der Oates Coast entlang der zwei split Ross-orogenen Wilson und Exiles Hauptüberschiebungszonen im Wilson Terrane (FLÖTTMANN und KLElNSCHMlDT 1991).
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31789
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarz, Klaus
A1  - Hameister, Horst
A1  - Gessler, Manfred
A1  - Grzeschik, Karl-Heinz
A1  - Hansen-Hagge, Thomas E.
A1  - Bartram, Claus R.
T1  - Confirmation of the localization of the human recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) to chromosome 11p13
N2  - The human recombination activating gene 1 (RAGl) has previously been mapped to chromosomes 14q and 11 p. Here we confirm the chromosome 11 assignment by two independent approaches: autoradiographic and fluorescence in situ hybridization to metaphase spreads and analysis of human-hamster somatic cell hybrid DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting. Our results unequivocally localize RAG1 to llp13.
KW  - Biochemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59136
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwartz, Faina
A1  - Neve, Rachel
A1  - Eisenman, Robert
A1  - Gessler, Manfred
A1  - Bruns, Gail
T1  - A WAGR region gene between PAX-6 and FSHB expressed in fetal brain
N2  - Developmental delay or mental retardation is a frequent component of multi-system anomaly syndromes associated with chromosomal deletions. Isolation of genes involved in the mental dysfunction in these disorders should define loci important in brain formation or function. We have identified a highly conserved locus in the distal part of 11 p 13 that is prominently expressed in fetal brain. Minimal expression is observed in a number of other fetal tissues. The gene maps distal to PAX-6 but proximal to the loci for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone (FSHB), within a region previously implicated in the mental retardation component of some WAGR syndrome patients. Within fetal brain, the corresponding transcript is prominent in frontal, motor and primary visual cortex as weil as in the caudate-putamen. The characteristics of this gene, including the striking evolutionary conservation at the locus, suggest that the encoded protein may function in brain development.
KW  - Biochemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59125
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle
A1  - Schnorr, J.-J.
A1  - Dunster, L. M.
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen
A1  - ter Meulen, Volker
T1  - The role of host factors in measles virus persistence
N2  - As critical steps in the life cycle oJ measles virus (Mfl), the e.fficiency of uptake into and replication in susceptible host cells are governed by cellular determinants. Measles virus infections of cells of the human CNS are characterized by particular constraints imposed on v1:ral transcription and translation attenuating viral gene Junctions and thus contributing to the pathogenesis oJ MV persistence in these cells.
KW  - Immunologie
KW  - CNS infection
KW  - MV receptor
KW  - MV transcription
KW  - unwindase
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54944
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen
A1  - Schuster, A.
A1  - Bayer, M.
A1  - Pavlovic, J.
A1  - ter Meulen, V.
T1  - Cell type specific MxA-mediated inhibition of measles virus transcription in human brain cells
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Virologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62255
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, S.
A1  - Schuster, A.
A1  - Bayer, M.
A1  - Pavlovic, J.
A1  - ter Meulen, V.
T1  - Cell type specific MxA-mediated inhibition of measles virus transcription in human brain cells
N2  - Measles virus (MV)-specific transcription in human brain cells is characterized by particularly low abundances of the distal mRNAs encoding the MV envelope proteins. Similar transcriptional restrictions of the closely related vesicular stomatitis virus have been observed in mouse fibroblasts constitutively expressing the interferon-inducible MxA protein (P. Staeheli and J. Pavlovic, J. Virol. 65:4498-4501, 1991). We found that MV infection of human brain cells is accompanied by rapid induction and high-level expression of endogenous MxA proteins. After stable transfection of MxA, human glioblastoma cells (U-87-MxA) released 50- to 100-fold less infectious virus and expression of viral proteinswas highly restricted. The overall MV-specific transcription Ievels were reduced by up to 90%, accompanied by low relative frequencies of the distal MV-specific mRNAs. These restrictions were linked to an inhibition of viral RNA synthesis and not to a decreased stability of the viral RNAs. Our results indicate that expression of MxA is associated with transcriptional attenuation of MV in brain cells, thus probably contributing to the establishment of persistent MV central nervous system infections. In addition, the mechanism of MxA-dependent resistance against MV infection, in contrast to that of vesicular Stomatitis virus, is cell type specific, because an inhibition of MV glycoprotein synthesis independent of transcriptional alterations was observed in MxA-transfected human monocytes
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34313
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
A1  - Visé, Mechthild
A1  - Reimers, Petra
A1  - Blaesser, Barbara
T1  - Auswirkungen eines Trainings der sprachlichen Bewußtheit auf den Schriftspracherwerb in der Schule
T1  - Effects of a phonological awareness training on the acquisition of literacy
N2  - Mit der vorliegenden Trainingsstudie wird der Versuch unternommen, Ergebni e eines Förderprograrnms zur sprachlichen Bewußtheit (Lundberg, Frost & Petersen 1988) im deutschsprachigen Raum zu validieren. An unserer Replikationsstudie nahmen insgesamt 371 Kinder teil, von denen 205 Kinder einer Trainingsgruppe und 166 Kinder einer Kontrollgruppe zugewiesen wurden. Das Förderprograrnm bestand aus Sprachspielen, die über einen Zeitraum von zirka 6 Monaten täglich 15 Minuten in den Kindergartengruppen durchgeführt wurden. Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt keine spezielle Förderung, sondern nahm am regulären Kindergartenprogramm teil. Indikatoren der sprachlichen Bewußtheit und weitere metalinguistische und kognitive Variablen wurden unmittelbar vor und nach der Förderung erhoben. Zu Beginn des ersten Schuljahres wurde ein metalinguistischer Transfertest, gegen Ende dann ein Rechtschreibtest durchgeführt. Die Befunde replizieren die Ergebnisse der dänischen Ausgangsstudie insofern, als kurz- und langfristige Trainingseffekte gesichert werden konnten. Sie verdeutlichen jedoch zusätzlich, daß die Qualität der Förderung für die Langzeitwirkung entscheidend war.
N2  - A training study based on the design of Lundberg, Frost & Petersen (1988) was conducted to improve German Kindergarteners' phonological awareness. A total of 371 Kindergarteners participated in the study. The training group (N = 205) participated in a metalinguistic program that lasted for about six months ( 15 minutes per day). The control group did not receive any specific training but participated in the regularkindergartenpro gram. Indicators of phonological awareness and other metalinguistic and cognitive variables were assessed both before and after the training. Further, a metalinguistic transfer test and a spelling test were given at the beginning and the end of first grade, respectively. The results confirmed those of the Danish study in that short- and long-term training effects were obtained. They also illustrate, however, that the quality of training had a significant effect on long-term maintenance.
KW  - phonologische Bewusstheit
KW  - Übung
KW  - Sprache
KW  - Lernen
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87491
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
T1  - Der Übergang in weiterführende Schulen nach dem 4. oder 6. Grundschuljahr? Theoretische Analysen und empirische Befunde zur Prognose des Schulerfolgs
N2  - No abstract available.
KW  - Grundschule
KW  - Schulübergang
KW  - Zeitpunkt
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87465
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
T1  - Lese-Rechtschreib-Forschung heute: Einführung
T1  - Reading and writing research today: lntroduction
N2  - Es wird eine Kurzübersicht über relevante Strömungen der Lese-Recht chreib-Forschung gegeben. Nachdem die sog. Legasthenieforschung aufgrund konzeptueller und methodologischer Probleme in die Kritik geraten war, treten gegenwärtig eher theorieorientierte An ätze in den Vordergrund. euere Modelle zum Schriftspracherwerb haben zahlreiche Längsschnittstudien stimuliert, die die Relevanz metalinguistischer Fähigkeiten für den päteren Schriftspracherwerb dokumentieren.
N2  - This article presents a short overview of current trend in research on reading and pelling. First, specific conceptual and methodological shortcomings of research on dyslexia are briefly discussed. Next, current developmental model of reading and spelling are introduced. Finally, the importance of longitudinal tudie influenced by those models and focusing on the rote of metalinguistic abilities in the acquisition of reading and spelling skills is highlighted.
KW  - Leseforschung
KW  - Schreiben
KW  - Forschung
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87489
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmuck, R.
A1  - Geise, W.
A1  - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
T1  - Life cycle strategies and physiological adjustments of Reedfrog Tadpoles (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae) in relation to environmental conditions.
N2  - The relationship between different degrees of intraspecific crowding of reedfrog tadpoles and their physiological responses to a deterioration of the natal pond water quality was examined under laboratory conditions. Tadpoles that were reared at a lower density metamorphosed significantly earlier than those raised at a higher density. As density increases, the average body length at metamorphosis decreases. However, at low tadpole density, a significantly higher diversity of body size classes among freshly metamorphosed froglets was observed than under more crowded conditions. Mortality increased during metamorphic climax and was inversely correlated with the tadpole density. In ephemeral ponds, an accumulation of nitrogenous wastes from metabolic processes and/or a concentration by evaporation in prolonged rainless periods can pose a considerable chemical stress to reedfrog tadpoles. Hyperolius viridiflavus ommatostictus responded to an increasing ammonia concentration with an activity increase of the ornithine cycle (intensified urea synthesis). hi contrast, Hyperolius marmoratus taeniatus exhibited a strong tolerance against high ammonia levels. A deterioration of the natal pond water quality caused H. v. ommatostictus and H. v. nitidulus tadpoles to adjust to harsher climatic conditions at the time of metamorphosis. This physiological preadjustment enabled the froglets to start feeding and growing immediately after metamorphosis even at low air humidity and rare precipitation events. In contrast, froglets that were raised in daily refreshed water exhibited high mortality rates if subjected to identical conditions. As one possible indicator of the actual climatic conditions prevailing in the surrounding terrestrial habitat, fluctuations in the water ammonia level are discussed.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31009
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schliephake, Andreas W.
A1  - Rethwilm, Axel
T1  - Nuclear Localization of Foamy Virus Gag Precursor Protein
N2  - All foamy viruses give rise to a strong nuclear staining when infected cells are reacted with sera from infected hosts. This nuclear ftuorescence distinguishes foamy viruses from all other retroviruses. The experiments reported here indicate that the foamy virus Gag precursor protein is transiently located in the nuclei of infected cells and this is the likely reason for the typical foamy virus nuclear fluorescence. By using the vaccinia virus expression system, a conserved basic sequence motif in the nucleocapsid domain of foamy virus Cag proteins was identified to be responsible for the nuclear transport of the gag precursor molecule. Tbis motif was also found to be able to direct a heterologous protein, the Gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus, into the nucleus.
KW  - Virologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61371
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schittkowski, K.
A1  - Zillober, Christian
A1  - Zotemantel, R.
T1  - Numerical comparison of nonlinear programming algorithms for structural optimization
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31971
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schikora, D.
A1  - Hausleitner, H.
A1  - Einfeldt, S.
A1  - Becker, Charles R.
A1  - Widmer, T.
A1  - Giftige, C.
A1  - Lischka, K.
A1  - von Ortenburg, M.
A1  - Landwehr, G.
T1  - Epitaxial overgrowth of II-VI compounds on patterned substrates
N2  - The selected area epitaxial overgrowth of narrow gap HgTe as well as wide gap CdTe and ZnTe on CdTe/GaAs substrates, which had been structured by dry etching techniques, has been investigated. A plasma etching process using a barrel reactor with CH\(_4\)-CH\(_2\) gases has been employed to prepare stripes with a width of about 1 μm with anisotropic as well as isotropic etching profiles. It has been found, that the selected area HgTe overgrowth takes place with a high local selectivity to the low index planes of the patterned surface. In contrast, the selected area overgrowth of the wide gap CdTe and ZnTe is controlled by anisotropic growth kinetics provided that the substrate temperature is not lower than 220°C and the starting surface consists of well developed low index crystallographic planes.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37985
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schenk, Wolfdieter A.
A1  - Khadra, Almuetassem
A1  - Burschka, Christian
T1  - Sulphur(IV) compounds as ligands. XX: Adduct formation and ring opening of thiirane-1-oxide with organotin halides. Crystal structure of [(4-FC\(_6\)H\(_4\))\(_2\)SnCl\(_2\)(C\(_2\)H\(_4\)SO)\(_2\)]
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Kristallstruktur
KW  - Sulfur
KW  - Tin
KW  - Sulphur
KW  - Sulfoxide
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31860
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheer, Ulrich
A1  - Weisenberger, Dieter
T1  - The nucleolus
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32037
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheer, Ulrich
T1  - Harold Garnet Callan 1917-1993
N2  - Professor Harold Gamet Callan, honorary member of the German Society for Cell Biology, died on the 3rd November 1993, at the age of 76. His name is inseparably connected with lampbrush chromosomes, the most spectacular and aesthetically ailuring form of chromosomes, which occupied the major part of his scientific career. " Mick" Callan's pioneering studies led to fruitful new concepts, served as a building block for many subsequent studies by others, and contributed enormously to our current understanding of chromosome organization and activity ...
KW  - Harold Garnet Callan
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80789
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schartl, A.
A1  - Dimitrijevic, N.
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
T1  - Evolutionary origin and molecular biology of the melanoma-inducing oncogene of Xiphophorus
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61954
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rösch, M.
A1  - Atzmüller, R.
A1  - Schaack, G.
A1  - Becker, Charles R.
T1  - Resonant Raman scattering in a zero-gap semiconductor: Interference effects and deformation potentials at the E\(_1\) and E\(_1\) + \(\Delta_1\) gaps of HgTe
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38062
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rösch, C.
A1  - Hock, R.
A1  - Schüssler, Ulrich
A1  - Yule, P.
T1  - Präislamische Schmuckperlen aus dem Oman - Erste Ergebnisse mineralogisch-materialkundlicher Untersuchungen
N2  - no abstracts available
KW  - Schmuckperle
KW  - Oman
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-81822
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ruhe, Ernstpeter
T1  - Sirène en (n)ixe. Mytheninversion in Mallarmés Sonett 'A la nue accablante'
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33863
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reusch, Wolfgang
A1  - Grimmer, Th.
A1  - Heuer, D.
T1  - Magnetfeld längs der Achse von Kreisströmen - Messung und Modellierungen mit Animation
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30611
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reusch, P.
A1  - Arnold, S.
A1  - Heusser, C.
A1  - Wagner, K.
A1  - Weston, B.
A1  - Sebald, Walter
T1  - Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies define two different functional sites in human interleukin-4
N2  - Human interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a small four-helix-bundle protein which is essential for organizing defense reactions against macroparasites, in particular helminths. Human IL-4 also appears to exert a pathophysiological role during various IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Seven different monoclonal antibodies neutralizing the activity of human IL-4 were studied in order to identify functionally important epitopes. A collection of 41 purified IL-4 variants was used to analyse how defined amino acid replacements affect binding affinity for each individual mAb. Specific amino acid positions could be assigned to four different epitopes. mAbs recognizing epitopes on helix A and/or C interfered with IL-4 receptor binding and thus inhibited IL-4 function. However, other mAbs also inhibiting IL-4 function recognized an epitope on helix D of IL-4 and did not inhibit IL-4 binding to the receptor protein. One mAb, recognizing N-terminal and C-terminal residues, partially competed for binding to the receptor. The results of these mAb epitope analyses confirm and extend previous data on the functional consequences of the amino acid replacements which showed that amino acid residues in helices A and C of IL-4 provide a binding site for the cloned IL-4 receptor and that a signalling site in helix D interacts with a further receptor protein.
KW  - Biochemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62418
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rabinowitz, Mitchell
A1  - Ornstein, Peter A.
A1  - Folds-Bennett, Trisha H.
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
T1  - Age-related differences in speed of processing: Unconfounding age and experience
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Psychologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62223
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Quast, Helmut
A1  - Schmitt, Edeltraud
A1  - Schäfer, Peter
A1  - Heller, Eberhard
A1  - Aldenkortt, Sven
T1  - Synthesis and Thermolysis of a Chiral, Non-Racemic Iminoaziridine
N2  - The 2-halo imidoyl chlorides 7 are obtained from the amide 5 and the 2-halo amides 6 by the action of phosphorus pentachloride and thionyl chloride, respectively. Non-racemic (S)-6a is converted into 7a which is racemic, however. The reaction of Lawesson's reagent with 6a furnishes the diastereomeric 1,3.2-thiazaphospholidine derivatives 15. Treatment of (S)-6a (98% eel with methyl triflate affords 2-chloro imidate 8 (95% eel which reacts with methanamine in the presence of methanammonium chloride to yield the 2-chloro amidine (S)-9a (90% eel. The 2-halo imidoyl halides 7a and b react with methanamine to produce the 2-halo amidines 9a and b. - Strong bases, e.g. potassium tert-butoxide or sodium hydride in the presence of catalytic amounts of tertbutyl alcohol, eliminate hydrogen chloride or bromide from the 2-halo amidines 9a and band (S)-9a to yield mixtures of Recently, we demonstrated that the formation of the chiral non-racemic aziridinone (R)-2 from the a-chloro amide (5)-1 by base-promoted dehydrochlorination[2) as well as the nucleophilic cleavage of the N-C(3) bond of (R)_2[3,4) occur with inversion of configuration, thus excluding the intervention of achiral (acyclic) intermediates. In the temperature range of lOO-170°C, however, slow racemization accompanies the thermolysis of (R)-2 and indicates the existence of an achiral or a racemic transient, e. g. (M)-3 + (P)-3. Indeed, high-level quantum-chemical calculations reveal that an activation energy of (170 ± 25) kJmol- 1 is required for the unimolecular ring opening of the parent aziridinone which affords a species of high diradical character[41. Subsequently, the unstable N-phenylaziridinone invoked in the decomposition of the (5)-2-bromopropananilide anion was shown to react with tert-butylamine or dimethylformamide with inversion of configuration at C(3)[51. Thus, the stereochemical evidence in the series of 3-alkylaziridinones excludes achiral (acyclic) aziridinone isomers as intermediates at low tempera tures [6J. Similar stereochemical studies are still missing in the related series of iminoaziridines. Therefore, we report on the synthesis and thermolysis of the diastereomeric chiral racemic (E)- and (Z)-(4)[71 and non-racemic iminoaziridines (E,R)- and (Z,R)-4. Racemic Iminoaziridines (E)- and (Z)-4 Though a photochemical route to the iminoaziridines (E)- and (Z)-4 has been devised more recently, i. e. the phothe 2-iminoaziridines (E)- and (Z)-4, and (E,R)- and (Z.R)-4 (83% eel, respectively. The 1.3-elimination of hydrogen bromide from 9b is diastereoselective at -30 to -40°C [(E)-4:(Z)-4 = <10:>90). The diastereomers equilibrate at 36°C with (kEZ + k ZE) = (5.92 ± 0.08) . 10-5 S-I (K = kEZlkzE = 0.428 ± 0.013). - The thermolysis of (E)- and (Z)-4 in [D61benzene solution yields the imine 16 and methyl isocyanide (17). The decomposition follows the first-order rate law. The following Arrhenius and Eyring parameters are calculated from five rate constants obtained in the temperature range of 70-110°C: Ea = (115.2 ± 0.4) kJmol-t, IgA = (12.06 ± 0.28), AH* = (112.1 ± 0.4) kJmol- l , AS'" = (-23.9 ± 0.7) JK-I mol-I, AGj73K = 121 kJmol-1 . The enantiomeric excess of the surviving fraction of (E,R)- and (Z.R)-4 is unchanged after two half-lives at 80°C.
KW  - Aziridines
KW  - 2-imino-
KW  - chiral
KW  - non-racemic
KW  - Imidoyl halides
KW  - 2-halo
KW  - Imidates
KW  - 2-chloro
KW  - 1
KW  - 3
KW  - 2-Thiazaphospholidines
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38298
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Probstmeier, R.
A1  - Bilz, A.
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürger
T1  - Expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule and polysialic acid during early mouse embryogenesis
N2  - The expression of the neural cell adhesion molccule (N-CAM) and a 2-8 linked polysialic acid (PSA), whieh is believed to be predominantly expressed on N-CAM, was investigated during early embryonie development ofthe mouse (embryonic days 7.5 to 10.0). By immunoeytoehemistry, in tissue sections, N-CAM and PSA were not detectable at embryonie day 7.5 but were expressed in the prominent body regions such as somites, unsegmented mesoderm, developing heart, and neuroectoderm at embryonie day 8.0 N-CAM and PSA immunoreaetivities were always predominantly associated with tbe plasma membrane. No tissue could be detected which was positive for PSA but negative for N-CAM. In Western blot analysis of whole embryos, by contrast, only the lightly sialylated and PSA-negative 180 and 140 kD isoforms of N-CAM werc present at embryonie day 8.0 and strong expression of PSA-bearing, heavily sialylated N-CAM was not detectable before embryonie day 10.0. In Western blot analysis of N-CAM immunoaffinity purifled from whole embryos and digested with neuraminidase as weil as in Northern blot analysis, the 120 kD isoform of N-CAM or its eorresponding mRN A were not expressed in detectable amounts during the time period investigated.
KW  - Immunologie
KW  - embryo
KW  - mouse
KW  - N-CAM
KW  - sialic acid
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54921
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pleß, V.
A1  - Suter, H. U.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
T1  - Ab initio study of the energy difference between the benzene and the cumulene form of the C\(_6\) molecule
N2  - The energy difference between the three lowest-lying isomers of C\(_6\) the linear \(^3 \sum ^-\) state and the two ring forms,the benzene structure (\(^1\)A\(_{18}\)) possessing D\(_{6h}\) symmetry and a distorted cyclic form ( \(^1\)A'\(_1\), D\(_{3h}\) symmetry) have been calculated using various ab initio methods. Variational methods such as multireference configuration interaction (MR-CI) and complete active space second order perturbatiOn treatment (CASPT2) have been applied, as weil as perturbational treatments and coupled cluster calculations (CCD). The correlation of all valence shell electrons is found to be important for a balanced description of the isomers of C\(_6\) . Methods which do not account for higher-order effects appropriately proved to be unsuitable for calculating the energy difference correctly. The results from multireference configuration interaction methods show that the isomers are close in energy with the cyclic forms somewhat lower than the linear form. The ring form possessing D\(_{3h}\) symmetry (\(^1\)A'\(_1\)} is found tobe the lowest-lying structure.
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59059
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pauli, Paul
A1  - Lutzenberger, W.
A1  - Rau, H.
A1  - Birbaumer, N.
A1  - Rickard, T. C.
A1  - Yaroush, R. A.
A1  - Bourne, L. E. J.
T1  - Brain potentials during mental arithmetic: effects of extensive practice and problem difficulty
N2  - Recent behavioral investigations indicate that the processes underlying mental arithmetic change systematically with practice from deliberate, conscious calculation to automatic, direct retrieval of answers from memory [Bourne, L.E.Jr. and Rickard, T.C., Mental calculation: The development of a cognitive skill, Paper presented at the Interamerican Congress of Psychology, San Jose, Costa Rica, 1991; Psychol. Rev., 95 (1988) 492-527]. Results reviewed by Moscovitch and Winocur [In: The handbook of aging and cognition, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1992, pp. 315-372] suggest that consciously controlled processes are more dependent on frontal lobe function than are automatic processes. It is appropriate, therefore to determine whether transitions in the locus of primary brain activity occur with practice on mental calculation. In this experiment, we examine the relationship between characteristics of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and mental arithmetic. Single-digit mental multiplication problems varying in difficulty (problem size) were used, and subjects were trained on these problems for four sessions. Problem-size and practice effects were reliably found in behavioral measures (RT). The ERP was characterized by a pronounced late positivity after task presentation followed by a slow wave, and a negativity during response indication. These components responded differentially to the practice and problem-size manipulations. Practice mainly affected topography of the amplitude of positivity and offset latency of slow wave, and problem-size mainly offset latency of slow wave and pre-response negativity. Fronto-central positivity diminished from session to session, and the focus of positivity centered finally at centro-parietal regions. This finding suggests that frontal lobe processing is necessary as long as task performance is not automatized, while automatized arithmetic processing requires parietal brain activity only. The pre-response negativity observed in the first session and during more difficult tasks is assumed to reflect excitatory preparatory processes, which could be associated with activation of calculation strategies.
KW  - Psychologie
KW  - Mental arithmetic
KW  - Event-related potential
KW  - Practice
KW  - Automatization
KW  - Problem size
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61345
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nakayama, Ichiro
A1  - Foresti, Fausto
A1  - Tewari, Rita
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
A1  - Chourrout, Daniel
T1  - Sex chromosome polymorphism and heterogametic males revealed by two cloned DNA probes in the ZW/ZZ fish Leporinus elongatus
N2  - In order to study the divergence of teleost sex chromosomes, subtractive cloning was carried out between genomic DNA ofmales and females ofthe rainbow trout (XX/XY) and of Leporinus elongatus (ZW /ZZ). Inserts cloned in a plasmid vector were individually tested on Southern blots of DNA of males and females for sex specificity. No sex-specific insert was obtained from trout, but two out of ten inserts cloned from L. elongatus showed sex-specific patterns in this species: one corresponds to a sequence present on both Z and W chromosomes, while the other is W specific. Sequences of these two inserts show neither clear homology with other known sequences, nor an open reading frame. They cross-hybridize with the genomic DNA of Leporinusfriderici, but without sex-specific patterns. Twenty-four L. elongatus adults were sexed by gonadal observation, chromosomed examination and Southern hybridization with one or the other insert. Ten males and 11 females had chromosomes and hybridization patterns typical of their sex. One ZW female was recognized as a male with the W-specific probe. This was also the case for two unusual ZW males, one having a male hybridization pattern with the other probe. These three atypical individuals may result from single genetic exchanges between four regions of the Z and the W, giving rise to three atypical W chromosomes. Finding males with such atypical heterochromosomes in a female heterogametic species may indicate that a gradual transition occurs between the heterogametic systems.
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61583
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, T.
A1  - Sebald, Walter
A1  - Oschkinat, H.
T1  - Antagonist design through forced electrostatic mismatch
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Biochemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62408
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, T.
A1  - Dieckmann, T.
A1  - Sebald, Walter
A1  - Oschkinat, H.
T1  - Aspects of receptor binding and signalling of interleukin-4 investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and NMR spectroscopy
N2  - Cytokines are hormones that carry information from ceJI to ceH. This information is read from their surface upon binding to transmembrane receptors and by the subsequent initiation of receptor oligomerization. An inftuence on this process through mutagenesis on the hormone surface is highly desirab)e for medical reasons. However, an understanding of hormone-receptor interactions requires insight into the structural changes introduced by the mutations. In this line structural studies on human TL-4 and the medically important IL-4 antagonists YI24D and Y124G are presented. The site a.round YI24 is an important epitope responsible for the a.bility of 11-4 t.o ca.use a signal in the target cells. It is shown that the local main-chain structure around residue 124 in the variants remains unchanged. A strategy is presented here which allows the study of these types of proteins and their variants by NMR which does not require carbon Iabeiied sa.mples.
KW  - Biochemie
KW  - Interleukin-4
KW  - protein structure
KW  - NMR
KW  - signal transduction
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62444
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, J. G.
A1  - Czub, S.
A1  - Rethwilm, Axel
A1  - Müller-Hermelink, H. K.
T1  - Korrelation von Organpathologie und Verteilung virusreplizierenderZellen, nachgewiesen mit der RNA in situ Hybridisierungwährend der SIVmac-Infektion von Macaca mulatta
T1  - Correlation of Organ Pathology and Distribution of SIV detected by in situ Hybridization during SIVmac Infection of Macaca mulatta
N2  - No abstract available
N2  - 22 juvenile rhesus macaques were infected i.v. with SIVmac and killed at defined timepoints after infection. Productively infected cells were detected by RNA in situ hybridization in the paraffin material. Their number was correlated with the pathology of lymph nodes, thymus, extranodallymphatic parenchyma and other organs. In the first weeks alllymphatic tissues and compartiments got infected, as weil as the brain, the bone marrow and other organs. The high virus replication during this first phase dissappeared with the onset of the seroconversion and remained low during all stages of atrophy of the lymphatic parenchyma. The atrophy of the lymphatic parenchyma and its microenvironment was not correlated with virus replication. This may implicate that a virostatic therapy might be more succesfull in the first weeks of infection.
KW  - Virologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47331
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühlhäuser, M.
A1  - Froudakis, G.
A1  - Zdetsis, A.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Flytzanis, N.
A1  - Peyerimhoff, S. D.
T1  - Ab initio investigation of the stability of Si\(_3\)C<\(_3\) clusters and their structural and bonding features
N2  - Various structural possibilities for Si\(_3\)C\(_3\) clusters are investigated by ab initio calculations employing basis sets of double- and triple-zeta quality augmented by d polarization functions. Correlation effects are included by a second-order Moeller Piesset perturbation treatment. For the two lowest-lying structures higher-order correlation corrections and multi-reference effects are also included. Bonding features are investigated by two different types of population analyses to obtain insight into the nature of chemical bonding. A total of 17 stationary points were investigated, 14 of which correspond to local minima and three being transition states. The energetically lowest-lying structures are: A "pyramidlike" structure with various multicenter bonds, followed by a es symmetric isomer closely related to the ground state Si6 structure. Planar structures, favoured in small carbon clusters, lie higher in energy and are transition states. The lowest-lying triplet system is found to be the linear nonsymmetric Si - C-C-C-Si -Si structure, which is calculated to lie about 38 kcalfmole above the singlet ground state. A building-up principle based on bonding criteria is suggested for the occurence of the various structural possibilities.
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59060
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühlhäuser, M.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Marian, C. M.
A1  - Peyerimhoff, S. D.
A1  - Bruna, P. J.
A1  - Jansen, M.
T1  - Einfluß der Ladungsverteilung auf die Bindungslängen im P\(_4\)O\(_6\) Gerüst bei Verbindungen des Typs P\(_4\)O\(_6\)X
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59034
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühleisen, M.
A1  - Tacke, Reinhold
T1  - Twofold deprotonated citric acid as a bidentate ligand of pentacoordinate silicon: synthesis and structural characterization of the zwitterionic \(\lambda_5\)Si-spirosilicate bis[citrato(2-)-O\(^3\),O\(^4\)][(dimethylammonio)methyl]silicate hydrate
N2  - The zwitterionic \(\lambda_5\) Si-spirosilicate bis[ citrato(2-)-0\(^3\) ,0\(^4\) )[ ( dimethylammonio) methyl]silicate (4) was synthesized by reaction of (MeO)\(_3\)SiCH\(_2\)NMe\(_2\) (3) with citric acid (molar ratio 1 :2) in acetonitrile at room temperature and isolated, after crystallization from water, as the hydrate 4 · H\(_2\)O (yield 81 %). The crystal structure of 4 · H\(_2\)O was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The alcoxide oxygen atoms and central carboxylate oxygen atoms of two citrato(2-) ligands and one carbon atom coordinate to the silicon atom of 4 · H\(_2\)O. The coordination polyhedron around the pentacoordinate silicon atom (SiO\(_4\)C framework) can be described as a distorted trigonal bipyramid, the two carboxylate oxygen atoms occupying the axial sites. The \(\lambda_5\) Si~silicon(IV) complex 4 also exists in solution (DMSO, H\(_2\)O).
KW  - Anorganische Chemie
KW  - Silicon
KW  - pentacoordinate
KW  - Lambda5Si-Spirosilicate
KW  - zwitterionic
KW  - Citrato(2-)-03
KW  - 04ligand
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64388
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühleisen, M.
A1  - Tacke, Reinhold
T1  - meso-[1,4-Piperaziniumdiylbis(methylene)]bis{bis[2-methyllactato(2-)-O1,O2]silicate} octahydrate: synthesis and crystal structure analysis of a zwitterionic dispirocyclic \(\lambda^5\)Si,\(\lambda^5\)Si'-disilicate
N2  - The zwitterionic dispirocyclic \(\lambda^5\)Si,\(\lambda^5\)Si'-disilicate meso-[1 ,4-piperaziniumdiylbis( methylene)]bis{ bis[ 2-methyllactato(2-)-O\(^1\),O\(^2\)]silicate} octahydrate (6-8H\(_2\)O) was synthesized by reaction of 1,4-bis[(trimethoxysilyl}methyl] piperazine (8) with 2-methyllactic acid (molar ratio 1:4) in water/acetone (yield 82%). The molecular dinuclear silicon(IV) complex 6 contains two pentacoordinate (formally negatively charged) silicon atoms and two tetracoordinate (formally positively charged) nitrogen atoms. The crystal structure of 6•8H20 was studied by X-ray diffraction.
KW  - Anorganische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64396
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Meyer, Axel
A1  - Morrissey, Jean M.
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
T1  - Recurrent origin of a sexually selected trait in Xiphophorus fishes inferred from a molecular phylogeny
N2  - DARWIN\(^1\) believed that sexual selection accounts for the evolution of exaggerated male ornaments, such as the sword-like caudal fin extensions of male fishes of the genus Xiphophorus, that appear detrimental to survival. Swordtails continue to feature prominently in empirical work and theories of sexual selection; the pre-existing bias hypothesis has been offered as an explanation for the evolution of swords in these fishes\(^{2,3}\). Based upon a largely morphological phylogeny, this hypothesis suggests that female preference to mate with sworded males arose in ancestrally swordless species, thus pre-dating the origin of the sword itself and directly driving its evolution. Here we present a molecular phylogeny (based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences) of Xiphophorus which differs from the traditional one: it indicates that the sword originated and was lost repeatedly. Our phylogeny suggests that the ancestor of the genus is more likely to have possessed a sword than not, thus questioning the applicability of the pre-existing bias hypothesis as an explanation for the cvolution of this sexually selected trait.
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61569
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - McCarron, R. M.
A1  - Wang, L.
A1  - Sirén, Anna-Leena
A1  - Spatz, M.
A1  - Hallenbeck, J. M.
T1  - Monocyte adhesion to cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells derived from hypertensive and normotensive rats
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Neurobiologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62960
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - McCarron, R. M.
A1  - Wang, L.
A1  - Sirén, Anna-Leena
A1  - Spatz, M.
A1  - Hallenbeck, J. M.
T1  - Adhesion molecules on normotensive and hypertensive rat brain endothelial cells
N2  - The intercellular adhesion of circulating leukocytes to vascular endothellum ls a prerequisite for leukocyte emigration from the blood to extravascular tlssues. This process is facllltated by adhesion molecules on the surfaces of both the vascular endothelial cells and the leukocytes. The experiments presented here demonstrate for the first time that the leukocyte adhesion receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, is constitutively expressed on cultured cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell lines derived from both spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats and normotensive WistarKyoto (WKY) rats. Both cultures contained simliar numbers of cells constitutively expressing this adhesion molecule (31.4% and 29.6%, respectlvely). Adhesion molecule expression was up-regulated by interleukin-1 ß, tumor necrosis factor-a, interferon-y and lipopolysaccharide in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Both cultures exhibited similar maximum levels of adhesion molecule up-regulation to optimal concentrations of all three cytokines. However, SHR endothelial cells were moresensitive to all three cytokines; significantly higher levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expresslon were seen on SHR as opposed to WKY endothelial cells cultured with sub-optimal cytokine concentrations. It was also observed that lipopolysaccharide up-regulated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on SHR endothelial cells to a greater extent than on WKY endothelial cells.
The findings that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 can be up-regulated to a greater degree on SHR endothelial cells may have important implications for in vivo perivascular leukocyte accumulation under hypertensive conditions. These observations indicate a possible mechanism by which hypertension may predispose to the development of disorders such as atherosclerosis and stroke.
KW  - Endothelzelle
KW  - Zell-Adhäsionsmolekül
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86819
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maschwitz, Ulrich
A1  - Fiala, Brigitte
A1  - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
T1  - Clerodendrum fistulosum (Verbenanceae), an unspecific myrmecophyte from Borneo with spontaneously opening domatia
N2  - Clerodendrumjistulosum Becc. is a true myrmecophyte as it offers nesting space for ants in hollow intemodes. In contrast to previous reports our investigations proved that these domatia open by themselves, thus providing cavities for a variety of different ant species. In Sarawak, Malaysia, we did not find an obligate relationship between C. jistulosum and a specific ant-partner. For comparison, studies on herbarium material of other Clerodendrum species were carried out a further species, C. deflexum from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra presumably also is myrmecophytic.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31013
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maschwitz, Ulich
A1  - Fiala, Brigitte
A1  - Saw, L. G.
A1  - Norma-Rashid, Yusoff
A1  - Idris, Azarae Haji
T1  - Ficus obscura var. borneensis (Moraceae), a new non-specific ant-plant from Malesia
N2  - Ficus obscura var. borneensis is a true myrmecophyte. It spontaneously forms cavities (domatia) in parts of its twigs which open by slits, These occur in the internodes and are usually not swollen. The domatia are inhabited by a variety of non-specific tree-living ants including Crematogaster spp., Cataulacus sp., Tetramorium sp., Cardio condyla sp. and Camponotus sp.. Additionally the plant providL a su~ar-containing secretion from extrafloral nectaries on the lower surfaces of the leaves. Examination of herbarium specimens of 37 other South-east Asian Ficus species did not reveal a single specimen with domatia.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42926
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marohn, Frank
T1  - Asymptotic sufficiency of order statistics for almost regular Weibull type densities
N2  - Consider a location family which is defined via a Weibull type density having shape parameter a = 1. We treat the problem, which portion of the order statistics is asymptotically sufficient. It turns out that the intermediate order statistics are relevant.
KW  - Weibull type density
KW  - intermediate order statistics
KW  - asymptotic sufficiency
KW  - local asymptotic normality
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45837
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malitschek, Barbara
A1  - Wittbrodt, Joachim
A1  - Fischer, Petra
A1  - Lammers, Reiner
A1  - Ullrich, Axel
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
T1  - Autocrine stimulation of the Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase in Xiphophorus melanoma cells and identification of a source for the physiological ligand
N2  - The melanoma·inducing gene of Xiphophorus fish encodes the Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase. U sing a highly specific antiserum p~oduced against the recombinant receptor expressed with a baculovirus, it is shown that Xmrk is the most abundant phosphotyrosine protein in fish melanoma and thus highly activated in the tumors. Studies on a melanoma cellline revealed that these cells produce an activity that considerably stimulates receptor autophosphorylation. The stimulating activity induces receptor down-regulation and can be depleted from the melanoma cellsupernatant by the immobilized recombinant receptor protein. The fish melanoma cells can thus be considered autocrine tumor cells providing a source for future purification and characterization of the Xmrk ligand.
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61551
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maisner, A.
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen
A1  - Liszewski, M.K.
A1  - Atkinson, J.P.
A1  - Herrler, G.
T1  - Binding of measles virus to membrane cofactor protein (CD46): importance of disulfide bonds and N-glycans for the receptor function
N2  - Two cellular proteins, membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and moesin, were reported recently to be functionally associated with the initiation of a measles virus infection. We bave analyzed the interaction of measles virus with cell surface proteins, using an overlay binding assay with cellular proteins immobilized on nitrocellulose. Among surface-biotinylated proteins from a human rectal tumor cellline (HRT), measles virus, was able to bind only to a 67-kDa proteinthat was identified as MCP. The virus recognized dift'erent isoforms of MCP expressed from human (HRT and HeLa) and simian (Vero) celllines. The binding of measles virus to MCP was abolished after cleavage of the disulfide bonds by reducing agents as weil as after enzymatic release of N-linked oligosaccharides. By contrast, removal of sialic acid or 0-linked oligosaccharides did not aft'ect the recognition of MCP by measles virus. These data indicate that the receptor determinant of MCP is dependent on a conformation of the protein that is maintained by disulfide bonds and N-glycans present in tbe complement binding domains. Our results are consistent with a roJe of MCP as primary attacbment site for measles virus in the initial stage of an infection. The functional relationship between MCP and moesin in a measles virus infection is discussed.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34324
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lubjuhn, T.
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
A1  - Epplen, J. T.
T1  - Methodik und Anwendungsgebiete des genetischen Fingerabdruckverfahrens
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61978
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
T1  - Biologische Vielfalt und ökologische Stabilität
N2  - No abstract available
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31157
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lesch, K. P.
A1  - Stöber, Gerald
A1  - Balling, U.
A1  - Franzek, Ernst
A1  - Li, S. H.
A1  - Ross, C. A.
A1  - Newman, M.
A1  - Beckmann, H.
A1  - Riederer, P.
T1  - Triplet repeats in clinical subtypes of schizophrenia: variation at the DRPLA (B37 CAG repeat) locus is not associated with periodic catatonia
N2  - Clinical evidence for a dominant mode of inheritance and anticipation in periodic catatonia, a distinct subtype of schizophrenia, indicates that genes with triplet repeat expansions or other unstable repetitive elements affecting gene expression may be involved in the etiology of this disorder. Because patients affected with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) may present with "schizophrenic" symptoms, we have investigated the DRPLA (B 37 CAG repeat) locus on chromosome 12 in 41 patients with periodic catatonia. The B 37 CAG repeat locus was highly polymorphic but all alleles in both the patient and control group had repeat sizes within the normal range. We conclude that variation at the DRPLA locus is unlikely to be associated with periodic catatonia. The evidence for dominant inheritance and anticipation as well as the high prevalence of human brain genes containing trinucleotide repeats justifies further screening for triplet repeat expansions in periodic catatonia.
KW  - Schizophrenie
KW  - Association study
KW  - B 37 CAG repeat locus
KW  - chromosome 12
KW  - schizophrenia
KW  - periodic catatonia
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63369
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lehrnbecher, T.
A1  - Poot, M.
A1  - Orscheschek, K.
A1  - Sebald, Walter
A1  - Feller, A. C.
A1  - Merz, H.
T1  - Interleukin 7 as interleukin 9 drives phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells through several cell cycles; no synergism between interleukin 7, interleukin 9 and interleukin 4
N2  - The effects of the interlenkins IL-7 and IL-9 on cell cycle progression were investigated by conventional [3H]thymidine incorporation and by the bivariate BrdU/Hoechst technique. 8oth IL· 7 and IL-9 drive phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells through more than one cell cycle, but IL-7 wasmorepotent on cell cycle progression than IL-9. Neither synergistic nor inhibitory effects were seen between various combinations of the lymphokines IL-7, IL-9 and IL-4 compared to each lymphokine alone. When T cells are activated with phytohemagglutinin for 3 days, all or most IL-4 responsive cells respond to IL-7 as weil, whereas only a part of IL-7 responders are IL-4 responders. In contrast, when T cells are activated with phytohemagglutinin for 7 days, the quantitative data of the cell cycle distribution soggest that the population of IL-7 responders is at least an overlapping, if not a real subset of the population of the IL-4 responders.
KW  - Biochemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62438
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lampidis, Robert
A1  - Gross, Roy
A1  - Sokolovic, Zeljka
A1  - Goebel, Werner
A1  - Kreft, Jürgen
T1  - The virulence regulator protein of Listeria ivanovii is highly homologous to PrfA from Listeria monocytogenes and both belong to the Crp-Fnr family of transcription regulators
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Biologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60503
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kübler, N.
A1  - Reuther, J.
A1  - Kirchner, T.
A1  - Pfaff, M.
A1  - Müller-Hermelink, H. K.
A1  - Albert, R.
A1  - Sebald, Walter
T1  - IgG monoclonal antibodies that inhibit osteoinductivity of human bone matrix-derived proteins (hBMP/NCP)
N2  - Monoclonal hBMP/NCP (human bone morphogenetic protein anrl associaterl noncollagenous proteins) antiborlies of the lgG class were prorlucerl. In vitro, 12 of 19 hBMP/NCP antiborlies showerl functional inhibition of hBMP/ NCP-induced chondroneogenesis in a neonatal muscle tissue assay. Inducing factors were characterized by their inhibiting antibodies with immunoblotting. Several peptide factors seem to be involved in the cascade of inducerl chondro- and osteogenesis.
KW  - Biochemie
KW  - bone morphogenetic proteins
KW  - neutralizing antibodies
KW  - cartilage induction
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62388
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kurtz-Costes, Beth E.
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
T1  - Self-concept, attributional beliefs, and school achievement: A longitudinal analysis
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Psychologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62245
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klotz, Karl-Norbert
A1  - Krotec, K. L.
A1  - Gripentrog, J.
A1  - Jesaitis, A. J.
T1  - Regulatory interaction of N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptors with the membrane skeleton in human neutrophils
N2  - The cytoskeleton and/or membrane skeleton has been implicated in the regulation of N-formyl peptide receptors. The coupling of these chemotactic receptors to the membrane skeleton was investigated in plasma membranes from unstimulated and desensitized human neutrophils using the photoreactive agonist N-formyl-met-leu-phelys-N\(^6\)-[\(^{125}\)I]2(p-azidosalicylamido)ethyl-1,3'-dithiopropionate (fMLFK-[\(^{125}\)I]ASD). When membranes of unstimulated cells were solubilized in Triton-X 100, a detergent that does not disrupt actin filaments, only 50% of the photoaffinity-labeled receptors were solubilized sedimenting in sucrose density gradients at a rate consistent with previous reports. The remainder were found in the pellet fraction along with the membrane skeletal actin. Solubilization of the membranes in the presence of p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid, elevated concentrations of KCI, or deoxyribonuclease I released receptors in parallel with actin. When membranes from neutrophils, desensitized by incubation with fMLFK-e 251]ASD at 15°C, were solubilized, nearly all receptors were recovered in the pellet fraction. lncubation of cells with the Iigand at 4°C inhibited desensitization partially and prevented the conversion of a significant fraction of receptors to the form associated with the membrane skeletal pellet. ln these separations the photoaffinity-labeled receptors not sedimenting to the pellet cosedimented with actin. Approximately 25% of these receptors could be immunosedimented with antiactin antibodies suggesting that N-formyl peptide receptors may interact directly with actin. These results are consistent with a regulatory role for the interaction of chemotactic N-formyl peptide receptors with actin of the membrane skeleton.
KW  - Toxikologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60466
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klotz, Karl-Norbert
A1  - Jesaitis, A. J.
T1  - Neutrophil chemoattractant receptors and the membrane skeleton
N2  - Signal transduction via receptors for N-formylmethionyl peptide chemoattractants (FPR) on human neutrophils is a highly regulated process which involves participation of cytoskeletal elements. Evidence exists suggesting that the cytoskeleton and/or the membrane skeleton controls the distributJon of FPR in the plane of the plasma membrane, thus controlling the accessibility of FPR to different proteins in functionally distinct domains. In desensitized cells, FPR are restricted todomains which are depleted of G proteins but enriched in cytoskeletal proteins such as actin and fodrin. Thus, the G protein signal transduction partners of FPR become inaccessible to the agonist-occupied receptor, preventing cell activation. The mechanism of interaction of FPR with the membrane skeleton is poorly understood but evidence is accumulating that suggests a direct binding of FPR (and other receptors) to cytoskeletal proteins such as actin.
KW  - Toxikologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60471
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klotz, Karl-Norbert
A1  - Jesaitis, A. J.
T1  - Physical coupling of N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptors to G protein is not affected by desensitization
N2  - Desensitization of N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptors (FPR) in human neutrophils results in association of these receptors to the membrane skeleton. This is thought to be the critical event in the lateral segregation of receptors and guanyl nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) within the plane of the plasma membrane resulting in an interruption of the signaling cascade. In this study we probed the interaction of FPR with G protein in human neutrophils that were desensitized to various degrees. Human neutrophils were desensitized using the photoreactive agonist N-formyl-met-leu-phelys- N\(^\epsilon\)-[\(^{125}\)I]2(p-azidosalicylamido )ethyl-1 ,3 '-dithiopropionate (/MLFK-[\(^{125}\)I]ASD). The interaction if FPR with G protein was studied via a reconstitution assay and subsequent analysis of FPR-G protein complexes in sucrose density gradients. FPR-G protein complexes were reconstituted with solubilized FPR from partially and fully desensitized neutrophils with increasing concentrations of Gi purified from bovine brain. The respective EC\(_{50}\) values for reconstitution were similar to that determined for FPR from unstimulated neutrophils (Bommakanti RK et al., J Bio[ Chem 267: 757~7581, 1992). We conclude, therefore, that the affinity of the interaction of FPR with G protein is not affected by desensitization, consistent with the model of lateral segregation of FPR and G protein as a mechanism of desensitization.
KW  - Toxikologie
KW  - chemotactic receptors
KW  - G proteins
KW  - N-formyl peptides
KW  - signal transduction
KW  - receptor-G protein coupling
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60483
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klotz, Karl-Norbert
A1  - Jesaitis, A. J.
T1  - The interaction of N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptors with the membrane skeleton is energy-dependent
N2  - Desensitization of N-fonnyl peptide chemoattractant receptors (FPR) in human neutrophils is thought to be achieved by lateral segregation of receptors and G proteins within the plane of the plasma membrane resulting in an interruption of the signalling cascade. Direct coupling of FPR to membrane skeletal actin appears to be the basis of this process~ however, the molecular mechanism is unknown. In this study we investigated the effect of energy depletion on formation of FPR-membrane skeleton complexes. In addition the effect of the protein kinase C inhibitor stauroporine and the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid on coupling of FPR to the membrane skeletonwas studied. Human neutrophils were desensitized using the photoreactive agonist N-formy1-met-leu-phe-1ys-N'[\(^{125}\)I]2(p-azidosalicylamido)ethyl-1,3'-dithiopropionate (fMLFK-[\(^{125}\)I]ASD) after ATP depletion with NaF or after incubation with the respective inhibitors. The interaction of FPR with the membrane skeleton was studied by Sedimentation of the membrane skeleton-associated receptors in sucrose density gradients. Energy depletion of the cells markedly inhibited the formation of FPR-membrane skeleton complexes. This does not appear tobe related to inhibition of protein phosphorylation due to ATP depletion because inhibition of protein kinases and phosphatases bad no significant effect on coupling of FPR to the membrane skeleton. We conclude, therefore, that coupling of FPR to the membrane skeleton is an energy,dependent process which does not appear to require modification of the receptor protein by phosphorylation.
KW  - Toxikologie
KW  - Chemotactic receptors
KW  - G proteins
KW  - N-formyl peptides
KW  - signal transduction
KW  - desensitization
KW  - membrane skeleton
KW  - receptor-G protein coupling.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60499
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klemd, R.
A1  - Matthes, S.
A1  - Schüssler, Ulrich
T1  - Reaction textures and fluid behaviour in very high-pressure calc-silicate rocks of the Münchberg gneiss complex, Bavaria, Germany
N2  - Calc-silicate rocks occur as elliptical bands and boudins intimately interlayered with eclogites and high-pressure gneisses in the Munchberg gneiss complex of NE Bavaria. Core assemblages of the boudins consist of grossular-rich garnet, diopside, quartz, zoisite, clinozoisite, calcite, rutile and titanite. The polygonal granoblastic texture commonly displays mineral relics and reaction textures such as postkinematic grossular-rich garnet coronas. Reactions between these mineral phases have been modelled in the CaO-Al203-Si02-C02-H2 0 system with an internally consistent thermodynamic data base. High-pressure metamorphism in the calc-silicate rocks has been estimated at a minimum pressure of 31 kbar at a temperature of 630°C with X^oSQ.Gi. Small volumes of a C02-N2-rich fluid whose composition was buffered on a local scale were present at peak-metamorphic conditions. The P-T conditions for the onset of the amphibolite facies overprint are about 10 kbar at the same temperature. A'co., of the H20-rich fluid phase is regarded to have been <0.03 during amphibolite facies conditions. These P-T estimates are interpreted as representing different stages of recrystallization during isothermal decompression. The presence of multiple generations of mineral phases and the preservation of very high-pressure relics in single thin sections preclude pervasive post-peak metamorphic fluid flow as a cause of a re-equilibration within the calc-silicates. The preservation of eclogite facies, very high-pressure relics as well as amphibolite facies reactions textures in the presence of a fluid phase is in agreement with fast, tectonically driven unroofing of these rocks.
KW  - calc-silicate rocks; fluid behaviour; P-T path; reaction textures; Variscan basement; very high-pressure metamorphism
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31035
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kleinhans, Martha
T1  - "Schlafende Seel', erinn're dich ..." : Zur Funktion spanischer Literatur in Anna Maria Orteses Roman L'Iguana
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Romanistik
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54478
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaupp, Martin
A1  - Schnering, Hans Georg von
T1  - Ab Initio Comparision of the (MX\(_2\))\(_2\) Dimers (m=Zn, Cd, Hg; X F, Cl, H), and Study of Relativistic Effects in Crystalline HgF\(_2\)
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Anorganische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59971
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaupp, Martin
A1  - Schnering, Hans Georg von
T1  - Origin of the Unique Stability of Condensed-Phase Hg\(_2 ^{2+}\). An ab Initio Investigation of M\(^I\) and M\(^{II}\) Species (M= Zn, Cd, Hg)
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Anorganische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59981
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaupp, Martin
A1  - Schnering, Hans Georg von
T1  - The Dominance of Linear 2-Coordination in Mercury Chemistry: Quasirelativistic and Nonrelativistic ab Initio Pseudopotential Study of (HgX\(_2\))\(_2\) (X=F, Cl, Br, I, H)
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Anorganische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59995
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaupp, Martin
A1  - Dolg, Michael
A1  - Stoll, Hermann
A1  - Schnering, Hans Georg von
T1  - Oxidation State +IV in Group 12 Chemistry : Ab Initio Study of Zinc(IV), Cadmium(IV), and Mercury(IV) Fluorides
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Anorganische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60018
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Janssen, A.
A1  - Marohn, Frank
T1  - On statistical information of extreme order statistics, local extreme value alternatives, and Poisson point processes
N2  - The aim of the present paper is to clarify the role of extreme order statistics in general statistical models. This is done within the general setup of statistical experiments in LeCam's sense. Under the assumption of monotone likelihood ratios, we prove that a sequence of experiments is asymptotically Gaussian if, and only if, a fixed number of extremes asymptotically does not contain any information. In other words: A fixed number of extremes asymptotically contains information iff the Poisson part of the limit experiment is non-trivial. Suggested by this result, we propose a new extreme value model given by local alternatives. The local structure is described by introducing the space of extreme value tangents. It turns out that under local alternatives a new class of extreme value distributions appears as limit distributions. Moreover, explicit representations of the Poisson limit experiments via Poisson point processes are found. As a concrete example nonparametric tests for Frechet type distributions against stochastically larger alternatives are treated. We find asymptotically optimal tests within certain threshold models.
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45816
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Huang, M.-B.
A1  - Suter, H. U.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
T1  - Theoretical Study of the Dimethylamino Radical (CH\(_3\))\(_2\)N and its protonated cation (CH\(_3\))\(_2\)NH\(^+\)
N2  - In the present work the dimethylamino radical ( ( CH\(_3\)) \(_2\)N) and its protonated cation ( ( CH\(_3\))\(_2\)NH\(^+\)) are investigated by means of ab initio methods. The geometries of various conformations of both compounds are obtained with UMP2/6·31 G** calculations, while the hyperfine structure and its dependence on the geometry is studied using the MRD-Cl/B\(_K\) method. The two molecules are compared to study the inftuence of the protonation on geometry and hyperfine structure. The effects of the rotational barriers on the hyperfine structures of (CH\(_3\))\(_2\)N, (CH\(_3\)CH\(_2\))\(_2\)N and ( (CH\(_3\))\(_2\)CH)\(_2\)N will be discussed.
KW  - Organische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59047
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hommers, Wilfried
T1  - Zur Einzelfalldiagnose der Wertungskompetenz bei fahrlässigen Brandstiftungen
T1  - Determination of individual tort competency in cases of arson
N2  - In 2 Untersuchungen mit 100 bzw. 88 Minderjährigen und 60 Erwachsenen werden Geschichten über drei - eine versehentliche, eine fahrlässige, eine absichtliche - Brandstiftungen mit bildlicher Unterstützung dargeboten. Durch Paarvergleiche zwischen bzw. Schätzurteile über die Geschichten wird ausgehend von der Wertungskomponente der Deliktsfähigkeit die Fähigkeit zur Unrechtserkenntnis für fahrlässige Schädigungen im Sinne der moralischen Differenzierungsfähigkeit untersucht, um einerseits die technische Durchführungsform und andererseits die einzelfalldiagnostische Auswertung nach psychometrischen bzw. varianzanalytischen Strategien zu erproben. Außerdem werden die Beziehungen der so erfaßten Wertungskomponenten zu Intelligenzuntertests geprüft. Aufgrund fehlender Korrelationen mit den Intelligenzmaßen empfiehlt sich die Anwendung des Verfahrens zur psychometrischen Begründung von Diagnosen zur zivilrechtlichen Verantwortlichkeit im Sinne des § 828 (2) BGB, damit sich die diesbezüglichen Diagnosen auch auf die Wertungskomponenten stützen können.
N2  - Two studies with 100 or 88 minors and 60 or 49 adults employed paired comparisons or ratings to examine on a statistical or psychometrical basis the value-components of the major conditions of minors' tort competency, i. e. the ability to know right and wrong in the context of negligent as weil as intentional harm. As some additionally assessed intelligence measures did not correlate with the tort competency measures, the latter should be used for psychometrically based competency diagnoses in liability law suits against minors according to § 828 (2) BGB, i. e. the German civil code.
KW  - Psychologische Diagnostik / Psychologie / Zeitschrift / Differentielle Psychologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43420
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Joachim
T1  - Der implizite Erwerb von Handlungswissen
JF  - Psychologie und Sport : Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie
N2  - Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Überlegungen zum Aufbau verhaltenssteuernder Strukturen. Er geht von dem Konzept de simpliziten Lernens aus, nach dem sich die Steuerung des Verhaltens, wenigstens unter bestimmten Bedingungen, unbewusst, aufmerksamkeitsunabhaengig und unwillkürlich an strukturelle Eigenschaften der Umgebung anpasst. Eine kritische Analyse einschlägiger Untersuchungen führt zu einer hypothetischen Lernstruktur, die es gestattet zu lernen, unter welchen Bedingungen welche Verhaltensakte zu welchen Konsequenzen führen. Der Lernprozess, so wird angenommen, wird in dieser Struktur von einem fundamentalen Beduerfnis nach sicherer Antizipierbarkeit von Verhaltenskonsequenzen getrieben. Eine Pilotstudie, die von diesen Annahmen ausgeht, wird ebenso diskutiert wie moegliche Anwendungen bei der Gestaltung von Trainingsprozessen im Sport.
KW  - Handlungspsychologie
KW  - Lernen
KW  - Lernpsychologie
KW  - Wissen
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127709
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Higgins, M. J.
A1  - Smilinich, N. J.
A1  - Sait, S.
A1  - Koenig, A.
A1  - Pongratz, J.
A1  - Gessler, Manfred
A1  - Richard III., C. W.
A1  - James, M. R.
A1  - Sanford, J. P.
A1  - Kim, B.-W.
A1  - Cattelane, J.
A1  - Nowak, N. J.
A1  - Winterpacht, A.
A1  - Zabel, B. U.
A1  - Munroe, D. J.
A1  - Bric, E.
A1  - Housman, D. E.
A1  - Jones, C.
A1  - Nakamura, Y.
A1  - Gerhard, D. S.
A1  - Shows, T. B.
T1  - An Ordered NotI Fragment Map of Human Chromosome Band 11p15
N2  - An ordered NotI fragment map containing over 60 loci and encompassing approximately 17 Mb has been constructed for human chromosome band llpl5. Forty-two probes, including 11 NotI-linking cosmids, were subregionaUy mapped to llpl5 using a subset of the Jl-deletion hybrids. These and 23 other probes defining loci previously mapped to 11p15 were hybridized to genomic DNA digested with NotI and 5 other infrequently cleaving restriction enzymes and separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Thirty-nine distinct NotI fragments were detected encompassing approximately 85% of the estimated length of llp15. The predicted order of the gene loci used is cenMYODI- PTH-CALCA-ST5-RBTNI-HPX-HBB-RRMlTH/ INS!1GF2-H19-CTSD-MUC2-DRD4-HRAS-RNHtel. This map wiu allow higher resolution mapping of new Ilp15 markers, facilitate positional cloning of disease genes, and provide a framework for the physical mapping of llp15 in clone contigs.
KW  - Genom / Genkartierung / Genanalyse
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45766
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herbert, M. K.
A1  - Holzer, P.
T1  - Nitric oxide mediates the amplification by interleukin-1β of neurogenic vasodilatation in the rat skin
N2  - No abstract available.
KW  - Medizin
KW  - Afferent nerve stimulation
KW  - Capsaicin
KW  - Cutaneous hyperemia
KW  - lnterleukin-lβ
KW  - Neurogenie inflammation
KW  - Nitric oxide (NO)
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59969
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herbert, M. K.
A1  - Holzer, P.
T1  - Interleukin-1ß enhances capsaicin-induced neurogenic vasodilatation in the rat skin
JF  - British Journal of Pharmacology
N2  - No abstract available.
KW  - Interieukin-1ß
KW  - capsaicin
KW  - afferent nerve stimulation
KW  - cutaneous hyperaemia
KW  - neurogenic infiammation
KW  - sensitization of afferent nerve endings
KW  - proinfiammatory action
KW  - prostaglandins
KW  - calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128171
VL  - 111
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heiser, Axel
A1  - Ulrichs, Karin
A1  - Müller-Buchholtz, Wolfgang
T1  - Isolation of porcine pancreatic islets: low trypsin activity during the isolation procedure guarantees reproducible high islet yields
N2  - During the past few years, interest in xenotransplantation of porcine islets of Langerhans for the future therapy of type I diabetes has Increased markedly. Therefore, we established a semiautomated digestion method for isolating islets from the porcine pancreas. However, although the isolation technique was standardized and collagenase of controlled quality was used, we were unable to attain high islet yields with a satisfactory degree of reproducibility. One hypothesis was that varying degrees of interference by donor pancreatic enzymes were responsible for this failure. The aim of this stUdy was to examine the kinetics of four types of enzymatic activity during the isolation procedure, as well as their effects on islet yield: collagenase, trypsin, neutral protease, and clostripaln. Our results indicate that while exogenous collagenase activity decreases slightly during the isolation procedure, the activity of the pancreas enzymes neutral protease and trypsin increases. In some cases, trypsin activity increases very strongly. A strong increase in trypsin activity correlates with poor islet yield, whereas low trypsin activity always correlates with high islet yield. Addition of the protease inhibitor Pefabloc to the isolation medium results in low trypsin activity and reproducible high islet yields.
KW  - Langerhans-Inseln
KW  - islets of Langerhans
KW  - xenogeneic transplantation
KW  - swine
KW  - enzyme activation
KW  - enzyme inhibitors
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44719
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heiser, A.
A1  - Ulrichs, Karin
A1  - Müller-Ruchholtz, W.
T1  - Prophylactic trypsin inhibition during the isolation procedure guarantees reproducible, high porcine islet yields
N2  - Abstract: For isolating islets from the porcine pancreas, we established a semiautomated digestion method. Although the isolation technique was standardized and collagenase of controlled quality was used, until now the reproducibility of high islet yields was unsatisfactory. Our hypothesis was that pancreatic trypsin was responsible for this failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endogenous trypsin on islet yield. Our results demonstrate that a high trypsin level correlates with poor islet yield, whereas low trypsin activity always correlates with high islet yield. Specific inhibition of trypsin results in low trypsin activity and reproducible, high islet yields.
KW  - islets of Langerhans
KW  - xenogenic transplantation
KW  - swine
KW  - enzyme activation
KW  - enzyme inhibitors
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45531
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heiser, A.
A1  - Ulrichs, Karin
A1  - Müller-Ruchholtz, W.
T1  - Influence of porcine strain, age, and pH of the isolation medium on porcine pancreatic islet isolation success
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Chirurgie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45171
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heiser, A.
A1  - Müller-Ruchholtz, W.
A1  - Ulrichs, Karin
T1  - Isolation of Islets of Langerhans: Improvement of the Isolation Technique Using the Pig Model.
N2  - During the last view years, interest in pancreatic islet transplantation for the cure of type I diabetes has increased markedly. A serious barrier to clinical islet transplantation is the isolation of a sufficient mass of viable and functional islets. We used a porcine islet isolation model to examine various parameters of the isolation procedure and to improve isolation technique.
KW  - Langerhans-Inseln
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87765
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinsen, Helmut
A1  - Strik, M.
A1  - Luther, K.
A1  - Ulmar, G.
A1  - Gangnus, D.
A1  - Jungkunz, G.
A1  - Eisenmenger, W.
A1  - Götz, M.
A1  - Bauer, M.
T1  - Cortical and striatal neurone number in Huntington's disease
N2  - The total cortical and striatal neurone and glial numbers were estimated in five cases of Huntington's disease (three males, two females) and five ageand sex-matched control cases. Serial 500-l-lm-thick gallocyanin-stained frontal sections through the left hemisphere were analysed using Cavalieri's principle for volume and the optical disector for cell density estimations. The average cortical neurone number of five controls (mean age 53±13 years, range 36-72 years) was 5.97x 109±320x 106 , the average number of small striatal neurones was 82 X 106± 15.8 X 106• The left striatum (caudatum, putamen, and accumbens) contained a mean of 273 X 106±53 X 106 glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and unc1assifiable glial profiles). The mean cortical neurone number in Huntington's disease patients (mean age 49±14 years, range 36-75 years) was diminished by about 33 % to 3.99x109±218x106 nerve cells (P ::;:::: 0.012, MannWhitney V-test). The mean number of small striatal neurones decreased tremendously to 9.72 X 106 ± 3.64 X 106 (-88 % ). The decrease in total glial cells was less pronounced (193 X 106±26 X 106) but the mean glial index, the numerical ratio of glial cells per neurone, increased from 3.35 to 22.59 in Huntington's disease. Qualitatively, neuronal loss was most pronounced in supragranular layers of primary sensory areas (Brodmann's areae 3,1,2; area 17, area 41). Layer HIc pyramidal cells were preferentially lost in association areas of the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes, whereas spared layer IV granule cells formed a conspicuous band between layer IH and V in these fields. Methodological issues are discussed in context with previous investigations and similarities and differences of laminar and lobar nerve cellloss in Huntington's disease are compared with nerve cell degent-ration in other neuropsychiatric diseases.
KW  - Medizin
KW  - Huntington's disease . Human cerebral cortex
KW  - Striatum
KW  - Neurone number
KW  - Stereology
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55217
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinsen, Helmut
A1  - Henn, R.
A1  - Eisenmenger, W.
A1  - Götz, M.
A1  - Bohl, J.
A1  - Bethke, B.
A1  - Lockermann, U.
A1  - Püschel, K.
T1  - Quantitative investigations on the human entorhinal area: left - right asymmetry and age-related changes
N2  - The total nerve cell numbers in the right and in the left human entorhinal areas have been calculated by volume estimations with the Cavalieri principle and by cell density determinations with the optical disector. Thick gallocyanin-stained serial frozen sections through the parahippocampal gyrus of 22 human subjects (10 female, 12 male) ranging from 18 to 86 years were analysed. The laminar composition of gallocyanin (Nissl)-stained sections could easily be compared with Braak's (1972, 1980) pigmentoarchitectonic study, and Braak's nomenclature of the entorhinal laminas was adopted. Cellsparse laminae dissecantes can more clearly be distinguished in Nissl than in aldehydefuchsin preparations. These cell-poor dissecantes, lamina dissecans extema (dis-ext), lamina dissecans 1 (dis-1) and lamina dissecans 2 (dis-2), were excluded from nerve cell nurober determinations. An exact delineation of the entorhinal area is indispensable for any kind of quantitative investigation. We have defined the entorhinal area by the presence of pre-alpha ceil clusters and the deeper layers of lamina principalis externa (pre-beta and gamma) separated from lamina principalis interna (pri) by lamina dissecans 1 (dis-1). The human entorhinal area is quantitatively characterized by a left-sided (asymmetric) higher pre-alpha cell number and an age-related nerve cell loss in pre as well as pri layers. At variance with other CNS cortical and subcortical structures, the neuronal number of the entorhinal area appears to decrease continuously from the earliest stages analysed, although a secular trend has to be considered. The asymmetry in pre-alpha cell number is discussed in the context of higher human mental capabilities, especially language.
KW  - Medizin
KW  - Human entorhinal area
KW  - Ageing
KW  - Lateralitity
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59946
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Harth-Peter, Waltraud
T1  - Vorwort (Das Kind (1994) 16)
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Kind
KW  - Erziehung
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43074
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Harth-Peter, Waltraud
T1  - Vorwort (Das Kind (1994) 15)
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Kind
KW  - Erziehung
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43087
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hahn, Heidi
A1  - Baunach, Gerald
A1  - Bräutigam, Sandra
A1  - Mergia, Ayalew
A1  - Neumann-Haefelin, Dieter
A1  - Daniel, Muthiah D.
A1  - McClure, Myra O.
A1  - Rethwilm, Axel
T1  - Reactivity of primate sera to foamy virus Gag and Bet proteins
N2  - In order to establish criteria for the Serodiagnosis of foamy virus infections we investigated the extent to which sera from iofected individuals of human and primate origin react with structural and non-structural virus proteins in immunoblot assays. Using lysates from infected cells as the source of virus antigen, antibodies were preferentially detected against the Gag proteins and the non-structural Bet protein. Both the Gag precursor molecules of 70 and 74K apparent M\(_r\) and the cytoplasmic 60K M\(_r\) Bet protein were found to be phosphorylated, the latter being synthesized in large amounts in infected cells. Rahbit antiserum raised against recombinant human foamy virus (HFV) Gag major capsid protein cross-reacted with foamy viruses of chimpanzee, gorilla, orang-utan, rhesus monkey and Mrican green monkey origin. This was reßected by a broad cross-reactivity of the respective monkey sera to the Gag proteins of the various foamy virus isolates. Cross-reactivity of antisera against the Bet protein was restricted to viruses from man and the great apes. Recombinant Gag and Bet proteins expressed in prokaryotes or in insect cells were readily recognized by foamy virus-positive primate sera. Screening serum samples from chimpanzees with HFV Gag and Bet proteins expressed by recombinant baculoviruses revealed that 18 out of 35 (52%) were positive for Gag antibodies. Of these, 13 (72 o/o) showed antiborlies against the Bet protein, indicating that Bet antigen is of value in sero1ogical screening for foamy virus infections.
KW  - Virologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61366
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Götz, Rudolf
A1  - Köster, Reinhard
A1  - Winkler, Christoph
A1  - Raulf, Friedrich
A1  - Lottspeich, Friedrich
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
A1  - Thoenen, Hans
T1  - Neurotrophin-6 is a new member of the nerve growth factor family
N2  - DURING vertebrale development, many neurons depend for survival and differentiation on their target cells\(^{1-3}\). The best documented mediator of such a retrograde trophic action is the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF)\(^1\). NGF and the other known members of tbe neurotrophin family, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT -3) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT -4/5) are conserved as distinct genes over large evolutionary distances\(^{4 -6}\). Here we report the cloning of neurotrophin-6 (NT -6), a new member of this family from the teleost fish Xiphophorus. NT -6 distinguishes itself from the other known neurotrophins in that it is not found as a soluble protein in the medium of producing cells. The addition of heparin (but not chondroitin) effects the release of NT -6 from cell surface and extracellular matrix molecules. Recombinant purified NT -6 has a spectrum of actions similar to NGF on chick sympathetic and sensory neurons, albeit with a lower potency. NT -6 is expressed in tbe embryonie valvulla cerebelli; expression persists in some adult tissues. The interaction of NT-6 with heparin-binding molecuJes may modulate its action in the nervous system .
KW  - Physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61544
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gründemann, Dirk
A1  - Gorboulev, Valentin
A1  - Gambaryan, Stepan
A1  - Veyhl, Maike
A1  - Koepsell, Hermann
T1  - Drug excretion mediated by a new prototype of polyspecific transporter
N2  - CATIO~IC drugs of different types and structures (antihistaminics, antiarrhythmics, sedatives, opiates, cytostatics and antibiotics, for example) are excreted in mammals by epithelial cells of the renal proximal tubules and by hepatocytes in the liver<sup>1-4</sup>. In the proximal tubules, two functionally disparate transport systems are involved which are localized in the basolateral and luminal plasma membrane and are different from the previously identified neuronal monoamine transporters and A TP-dependent multidrug exporting proteins<sup>1-3,5-12</sup>. Here we report the isolation of a complementary DNA from rat kidney that encodes a 556-amino-acid membrane protein, OCT1, which has the functional characteristics of organic cation uptake over the basolateral membrane of renal proximal tubules and of organic cation uptake into hepatocytes. OCTl is not homologous to any other known protein and is found in kidney, liver and intestine. As OCTl translocates hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic cations of different structures, it is considered to be a new prolotype of polyspecific transporters that are important for drug elimination.
KW  - Biologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59327
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grunicke, H.
A1  - Pyerin, W.
A1  - Eisenbrand, G.
A1  - Havemann, K.
A1  - Rabes, H. M.
A1  - Molling, K.
A1  - Schwab, M.
A1  - Lutz, Werner K.
A1  - Wahrendorf, J.
A1  - Schirrmacher, V.
T1  - 7th International Symposium of the Division of Experimental Cancer Research (AEK) of the German Cancer Society : [Meeting report]
N2  - No abstract available
KW  - Toxikologie
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60651
ER  -