TY - JOUR
A1 - Hofmann, Julian
A1 - Ginex, Tiziana
A1 - Espargaró, Alba
A1 - Scheiner, Matthias
A1 - Gunesch, Sandra
A1 - Aragó, Marc
A1 - Stigloher, Christian
A1 - Sabaté, Raimon
A1 - Luque, F. Javier
A1 - Decker, Michael
T1 - Azobioisosteres of Curcumin with Pronounced Activity against Amyloid Aggregation, Intracellular Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation
JF - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2 - Many (poly‐)phenolic natural products, for example, curcumin and taxifolin, have been studied for their activity against specific hallmarks of neurodegeneration, such as amyloid‐β 42 (Aβ42) aggregation and neuroinflammation. Due to their drawbacks, arising from poor pharmacokinetics, rapid metabolism, and even instability in aqueous medium, the biological activity of azobenzene compounds carrying a pharmacophoric catechol group, which have been designed as bioisoteres of curcumin has been examined. Molecular simulations reveal the ability of these compounds to form a hydrophobic cluster with Aβ42, which adopts different folds, affecting the propensity to populate fibril‐like conformations. Furthermore, the curcumin bioisosteres exceeded the parent compound in activity against Aβ42 aggregation inhibition, glutamate‐induced intracellular oxidative stress in HT22 cells, and neuroinflammation in microglial BV‐2 cells. The most active compound prevented apoptosis of HT22 cells at a concentration of 2.5 μm (83 % cell survival), whereas curcumin only showed very low protection at 10 μm (21 % cell survival).
KW - amyloid beta
KW - bioisosterism
KW - natural products
KW - neuroprotectivity
KW - replica-exchange molecular dynamics
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-238988
VL - 27
IS - 19
SP - 6015
EP - 6027
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Haack, Stephanie
A1 - Baiker, Sarah
A1 - Schlegel, Jan
A1 - Sauer, Markus
A1 - Sparwasser, Tim
A1 - Langenhorst, Daniela
A1 - Beyersdorf, Niklas
T1 - Superagonistic CD28 stimulation induces IFN‐γ release from mouse T helper 1 cells in vitro and in vivo
JF - European Journal of Immunology
N2 - Like human Th1 cells, mouse Th1 cells also secrete IFN‐γ upon stimulation with a superagonistic anti‐CD28 monoclonal antibody (CD28‐SA). Crosslinking of the CD28‐SA via FcR and CD40‐CD40L interactions greatly increased IFN‐γ release. Our data stress the utility of the mouse as a model organism for immune responses in humans.
KW - CD28
KW - Th1 cells
KW - cytokine release
KW - interferon γ
KW - Superagonistic antibody
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239028
VL - 51
IS - 3
SP - 738
EP - 741
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kamali, Salar
A1 - Rajendran, Ranjithkumar
A1 - Stadelmann, Christine
A1 - Karnati, Srikanth
A1 - Rajendran, Vinothkumar
A1 - Giraldo‐Velasquez, Mario
A1 - Berghoff, Martin
T1 - Oligodendrocyte‐specific deletion of FGFR2 ameliorates MOG\(_{35-55}\)‐induced EAE through ERK and Akt signalling
JF - Brain Pathology
N2 - Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are involved in demyelinating pathologies including multiple sclerosis (MS). In our recent study, oligodendrocyte‐specific deletion of FGFR1 resulted in a milder disease course, less inflammation, reduced myelin and axon damage in EAE. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of oligodendroglial FGFR2 in MOG\(_{35-55}\)‐induced EAE. Oligodendrocyte‐specific knockout of FGFR2 (Fgfr2\(^{ind-/-}\)) was achieved by application of tamoxifen; EAE was induced using the MOG\(_{35-55}\) peptide. EAE symptoms were monitored over 62 days. Spinal cord tissue was analysed by histology, immunohistochemistry and western blot. Fgfr2\(^{ind-/-}\) mice revealed a milder disease course, less myelin damage and enhanced axonal density. The number of oligodendrocytes was not affected in demyelinated areas. However, protein expression of FGFR2, FGF2 and FGF9 was downregulated in Fgfr2\(^{ind-/-}\) mice. FGF/FGFR dependent signalling proteins were differentially regulated; pAkt was upregulated and pERK was downregulated in Fgfr2\(^{ind-/-}\) mice. The number of CD3(+) T cells, Mac3(+) cells and B220(+) B cells was less in demyelinated lesions of Fgfr2\(^{ind-/-}\) mice. Furthermore, expression of IL‐1β, TNF‐α and CD200 was less in Fgfr2\(^{ind-/-}\) mice than controls. Fgfr2ind−/− mice showed an upregulation of PLP and downregulation of the remyelination inhibitors SEMA3A and TGF‐β expression. These data suggest that cell‐specific deletion of FGFR2 in oligodendrocytes has anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects accompanied by changes in FGF/FGFR dependent signalling, inflammatory cytokines and expression of remyelination inhibitors. Thus, FGFRs in oligodendrocytes may represent potential targets for the treatment of inflammatory and demyelinating diseases including MS.
KW - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
KW - FGF/FGFR signalling
KW - multiple sclerosis
KW - oligodendrocytes
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224354
VL - 31
SP - 297
EP - 311
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brych, Mareike
A1 - Händel, Barbara F.
A1 - Riechelmann, Eva
A1 - Pieczykolan, Aleksandra
A1 - Huestegge, Lynn
T1 - Effects of vocal demands on pupil dilation
JF - Psychophysiology
N2 - Pupil dilation is known to be affected by a variety of factors, including physical (e.g., light) and cognitive sources of influence (e.g., mental load due to working memory demands, stimulus/response competition etc.). In the present experiment, we tested the extent to which vocal demands (speaking) can affect pupil dilation. Based on corresponding preliminary evidence found in a reanalysis of an existing data set from our lab, we setup a new experiment that systematically investigated vocal response‐related effects compared to mere jaw/lip movement and button press responses. Conditions changed on a trial‐by‐trial basis while participants were instructed to keep fixating a central cross on a screen throughout. In line with our prediction (and previous observation), speaking caused the pupils to dilate strongest, followed by nonvocal movements and finally a baseline condition without any vocal or muscular demands. An additional analysis of blink rates showed no difference in blink frequency between vocal and baseline conditions, but different blink dynamics. Finally, simultaneously recorded electromyographic activity showed that muscle activity may contribute to some (but not all) aspects of the observed effects on pupil size. The results are discussed in the context of other recent research indicating effects of perceived (instead of executed) vocal action on pupil dynamics.
KW - blink rate
KW - eye movements
KW - movement interaction
KW - pupil dilation
KW - vocal responses
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224425
VL - 58
IS - 2
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Granath, Tim
A1 - Löbmann, Peer
A1 - Mandel, Karl
T1 - Oxidative Precipitation as a Versatile Method to Obtain Ferromagnetic Fe\(_{3}\)O\(_{4}\) Nano‐ and Mesocrystals Adjustable in Morphology and Magnetic Properties
JF - Particle & Particle Systems Characterization
N2 - Oxidative precipitation is a facile synthesis method to obtain ferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles from ferrous salts—with unexplored potential. The concentration of base and oxidant alone strongly affects the particle's structure and thus their magnetic properties despite the same material, magnetite (Fe\(_{3}\)O\(_{4}\)), is obtained when precipitated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) from ferrous sulfate (FeSO\(_{4}\)) and treated with potassium nitrate (KNO\(_{3}\)) at appropriate temperature. Depending on the potassium hydroxide and potassium nitrate concentrations, it is possible to obtain a series of different types of either single crystals or mesocrystals. The time‐dependent mesocrystal evolution can be revealed via electron microscopy and provides insights into the process of oriented attachment, yielding faceted particles, showing a facet‐dependent reactivity. It is found that it is the nitrate and hydroxide concentration that influences the ligand exchange process and thus the crystallization pathways. The presence of sulfate ions contributes to the mesocrystal evolution as well, as sulfate apparently hinders further crystal fusion, as revealed via infrared spectroscopy. Finally, it is found that nitrite, as one possible and ecologically highly relevant reduction product occurring in nature in context with iron, only evolves if the reaction is quantitative.
KW - colloidal nanostructures
KW - nanoparticle aggregation
KW - non‐classical crystallization
KW - oriented attachment
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224419
VL - 38
IS - 3
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rang, Maximilian
A1 - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1 - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1 - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1 - Beck, Eva
A1 - Witte, Robert
A1 - Matler, Alexander
A1 - Rempel, Anna
A1 - Bischof, Tobias
A1 - Radacki, Krzysztof
A1 - Engels, Bernd
A1 - Braunschweig, Holger
T1 - Reduktion und Umlagerung eines Bor(I)‐Carbonylkomplexes
JF - Angewandte Chemie
N2 - Bei der Einelektronenreduktion eines durch eine cyclisches (Alkyl)(amino)carben (CAAC) stabilisierten Arylborylen-Carbonylkomplexes erfolgt die Bildung eines dimeren Borylketyl-Radikalanions, bedingt durch eine intramolekulare Arylmigration zum CO Kohlenstoffatom. Computergestützte Analyse liefert Hinweise auf eine radikalanionische [(CAAC)B(CO)Ar]\(^{.-}\) Zwischenstufe. Weiterführende Reduktion des entstandenen Komplexes liefert ein hoch nukleophiles (Boranyliden)methanolat.
KW - Biradikale
KW - Bor-Carbonylkomplexe
KW - Dichtefunktionalrechnungen
KW - Reduktionen
KW - Umlagerungen
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224409
VL - 133
IS - 6
SP - 3000
EP - 3005
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schindler, Julia
A1 - Richter, Tobias
A1 - Mar, Raymond
T1 - Does generation benefit learning for narrative and expository texts? A direct replication attempt
JF - Applied Cognitive Psychology
N2 - Generated information is better recognized and recalled than information that is read. This so‐called generation effect has been replicated several times for different types of material, including texts. Perhaps the most influential demonstration was by McDaniel et al. (1986, Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 645–656; henceforth MEDC). This group tested whether the generation effect occurs only if the generation task stimulates cognitive processes not already stimulated by the text. Numerous studies, however, report difficulties replicating this text by generation‐task interaction, which suggests that the effect might only be found under conditions closer to the original method of MEDC. To test this assumption, we will closely replicate MEDC's Experiment 2 in German and English‐speaking samples. Replicating the effect would suggest that it can be reproduced, at least under limited conditions, which will provide the necessary foundation for future investigations into the boundary conditions of this effect, with an eye towards its utility in applied contexts.
KW - expository texts
KW - generation effect
KW - learning
KW - narrative texts
KW - replication
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224496
VL - 35
IS - 2
SP - 559
EP - 564
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Miller, Franziska
A1 - Wintzheimer, Susanne
A1 - Prieschl, Johannes
A1 - Strauss, Volker
A1 - Mandel, Karl
T1 - A Supraparticle‐Based Five‐Level‐Identification Tag That Switches Information Upon Readout
JF - Advanced Optical Materials
N2 - Product identification tags are of great importance in a globalized world with increasingly complex trading routes and networks. Beyond currently used coding strategies, such as QR codes, higher data density, flexible application as well as miniaturization and readout indication are longed for in the next generation of security tags. In this work, micron‐sized supraparticles (SPs) with encoded information (ID) are produced that not only exhibit multiple initially covert identification levels but are also irreversibly marked as “read” upon readout. To achieve this, lanthanide doped CaF\(_{2}\) nanoparticles are assembled in various quantity‐weighted ratios via spray‐drying in presence of a broad‐spectrum stealth fluorophore (StFl), yielding covert spectrally encoded ID‐SPs. Using these as pigments, QR codes, initially dominated by the green fluorescence of the StFl, could be generated. Upon thermal energy input, these particle‐based tags irreversibly switch to an activated state revealing not only multiple luminescent colors but also spectral IDs. This strategy provides the next generation of material‐based security tags with a high data density and security level that switch information upon readout and can be, therefore, used as seal of quality.
KW - multilevel luminescence identification
KW - rare earth doped nanoparticles
KW - security tags
KW - stealth fluorophores
KW - supraparticles
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224469
VL - 9
IS - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Koeniger, Tobias
A1 - Bell, Luisa
A1 - Mifka, Anika
A1 - Enders, Michael
A1 - Hautmann, Valentin
A1 - Mekala, Subba Rao
A1 - Kirchner, Philipp
A1 - Ekici, Arif B.
A1 - Schulz, Christian
A1 - Wörsdörfer, Philipp
A1 - Mencl, Stine
A1 - Kleinschnitz, Christoph
A1 - Ergün, Süleyman
A1 - Kuerten, Stefanie
T1 - Bone marrow‐derived myeloid progenitors in the leptomeninges of adult mice
JF - Stem Cells
N2 - Although the bone marrow contains most hematopoietic activity during adulthood, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells can be recovered from various extramedullary sites. Cells with hematopoietic progenitor properties have even been reported in the adult brain under steady‐state conditions, but their nature and localization remain insufficiently defined. Here, we describe a heterogeneous population of myeloid progenitors in the leptomeninges of adult C57BL/6 mice. This cell pool included common myeloid, granulocyte/macrophage, and megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors. Accordingly, it gave rise to all major myelo‐erythroid lineages in clonogenic culture assays. Brain‐associated progenitors persisted after tissue perfusion and were partially inaccessible to intravenous antibodies, suggesting their localization behind continuous blood vessel endothelium such as the blood‐arachnoid barrier. Flt3\(^{Cre}\) lineage tracing and bone marrow transplantation showed that the precursors were derived from adult hematopoietic stem cells and were most likely continuously replaced via cell trafficking. Importantly, their occurrence was tied to the immunologic state of the central nervous system (CNS) and was diminished in the context of neuroinflammation and ischemic stroke. Our findings confirm the presence of myeloid progenitors at the meningeal border of the brain and lay the foundation to unravel their possible functions in CNS surveillance and local immune cell production.
KW - hematopoietic
KW - meninges
KW - mouse
KW - myeloid
KW - progenitor
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224452
VL - 39
IS - 2
SP - 227
EP - 239
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Roy, Dipak Kumar
A1 - Tröster, Tobias
A1 - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1 - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1 - Lenczyk, Carsten
A1 - Radacki, Krzysztof
A1 - Pranckevicius, Conor
A1 - Engels, Bernd
A1 - Braunschweig, Holger
T1 - Isolation and Reactivity of an Antiaromatic s‐Block Metal Compound
JF - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2 - The concepts of aromaticity and antiaromaticity have a long history, and countless demonstrations of these phenomena have been made with molecules based on elements from the p, d, and f blocks of the periodic table. In contrast, the limited oxidation‐state flexibility of the s‐block metals has long stood in the way of their participation in sophisticated π‐bonding arrangements, and truly antiaromatic systems containing s‐block metals are altogether absent or remain poorly defined. Using spectroscopic, structural, and computational techniques, we present herein the synthesis and authentication of a heterocyclic compound containing the alkaline earth metal beryllium that exhibits significant antiaromaticity, and detail its chemical reduction and Lewis‐base‐coordination chemistry.
KW - antiaromaticity
KW - aromaticity
KW - beryllium
KW - heterocycles
KW - s-block metals
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224447
VL - 60
IS - 7
SP - 3812
EP - 3819
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dohrn, Maike F.
A1 - Ihne, Sandra
A1 - Hegenbart, Ute
A1 - Medina, Jessica
A1 - Züchner, Stephan L.
A1 - Coelho, Teresa
A1 - Hahn, Katrin
T1 - Targeting transthyretin ‐ Mechanism‐based treatment approaches and future perspectives in hereditary amyloidosis
JF - Journal of Neurochemistry
N2 - The liver‐derived, circulating transport protein transthyretin (TTR) is the cause of systemic hereditary (ATTRv) and wild‐type (ATTRwt) amyloidosis. TTR stabilization and knockdown are approved therapies to mitigate the otherwise lethal disease course. To date, the variety in phenotypic penetrance is not fully understood. This systematic review summarizes the current literature on TTR pathophysiology with its therapeutic implications. Tetramer dissociation is the rate‐limiting step of amyloidogenesis. Besides destabilizing TTR mutations, other genetic (RBP4, APCS, AR, ATX2, C1q, C3) and external (extracellular matrix, Schwann cell interaction) factors influence the type of onset and organ tropism. The approved small molecule tafamidis stabilizes the tetramer and significantly decelerates the clinical course. By sequence‐specific mRNA knockdown, the approved small interfering RNA (siRNA) patisiran and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inotersen both significantly reduce plasma TTR levels and improve neuropathy and quality of life compared to placebo. With enhanced hepatic targeting capabilities, GalNac‐conjugated siRNA and ASOs have recently entered phase III clinical trials. Bivalent TTR stabilizers occupy both binding groves in vitro, but have not been tested in trials so far. Tolcapone is another stabilizer with the potential to cross the blood–brain barrier, but its half‐life is short and liver failure a potential side effect. Amyloid‐directed antibodies and substances like doxycycline aim at reducing the amyloid load, however, none of the yet developed antibodies has successfully passed clinical trials. ATTR‐amyloidosis has become a model disease for pathophysiology‐based treatment. Further understanding of disease mechanisms will help to overcome the remaining limitations, including application burden, side effects, and blood–brain barrier permeability.
KW - amyloid‐directed antibodies
KW - ATTRv amyloidosis
KW - familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP)
KW - transthyretin
KW - TTR knockdown
KW - TTR stabilization
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224481
VL - 156
IS - 6
SP - 802
EP - 818
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heimberg, Linda
A1 - Knop, Stefan
T1 - Updated Perspectives on the Management of Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma
JF - Oncology Research and Treatment
N2 - Background: With the availability of T-cell-directed therapy and next-generation compounds of established classes of drugs, the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) myeloma is getting more complex. However, treatment options in practice are limited by availability, approval, and patient comorbidity. The aim of this article is to provide a practical approach toward the choice of treatment for r/r myeloma patients. Summary: Regarding market authorization and current guidelines, at least in Germany, most patients nowadays will have received a doublet or triplet combination as first-line therapy containing a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulatory drug, mostly lenalidomide. We focus on the treatment options for patients that are ineligible for (another) stem cell transplantation. We will review treatment options for relapse after first- or second-line therapy and beyond third-line. Key Messages: There is promising data supporting the efficacy and safety of triplet combinations containing anti-CD38-monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD38 mAbs) at first or second relapse in combination with next-generation compounds. For the treatment beyond third-line, comparative studies are scarce but some promising compounds are available via conditional authorization, and there is more to come in the future. We will present some early phase trials featuring promising results.
KW - lenalidomide-refractory patients
KW - myeloma
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-249773
SN - 2296-5270
SN - 2296-5262
VL - 44
IS - 12
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Plassmeier, Lars
A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K.
A1 - Seyfried, Florian
T1 - Impact of Excess Body Weight on Postsurgical Complications
JF - Visceral Medicine
N2 - Background: Obesity is considered a risk factor for postoperative complications as it can limit exposure to the operation field, thereby significantly prolonging surgery time. Obesity-associated comorbidities, such as low-grade systemic inflammation, impaired functional status, and type 2 diabetes, are independent risk factors for impaired anastomotic wound healing and nonsurgical site infections. If obesity itself is an independent risk factor for surgical complications remains controversial, but the reason for this is largely unexplored. Summary: A MEDLINE literature search was performed using the terms: “obesity,” “excess body weight,” and “surgical complications.” Out of 65,493 articles 432 meta-analyses were screened, of which 25 meta-analyses were on the subject. The vast majority of complex oncologic procedures in the field of visceral surgery have shown higher complication rates in obese patients. Meta-analyses from the last 10 to 15 years with high numbers of patients enrolled consistently have shown longer operation times, higher blood loss, longer hospital stay for colorectal procedures, oncologic upper gastrointestinal (GI) procedures, and pancreatic surgery. Interestingly, these negative effects seem not to affect the overall survival in oncologic patients, especially in esophageal resections. A selection bias in oncologic upper GI patients may have influenced the results with higher BMI in upper GI cancer to be a predictor for better nutritional and performance status. Key Messages: Contrary to bariatric surgery, only limited evidence indicated that site and type of surgery, the approach to the abdominal cavity (laparoscopic vs. open), institutional factors, and the type of perioperative care such as ERAS protocols may play a role in determining postsurgical complications in obese patients. The initial question remains therefore partially unanswered. Large nationwide register-based studies are necessary to better understand which aspects of obesity and its related comorbidities define it as a risk factor for surgical complications.
KW - obesity
KW - surgical complications
KW - laparoscopy
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244890
SN - 2297-4725
SN - 2297-475X
VL - 37
IS - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Geissler, Julia
A1 - Werner, Elisabeth
A1 - Dworschak, Wolfgang
A1 - Romanos, Marcel
A1 - Ratz, Christoph
T1 - Freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen in bayerischen Heimeinrichtungen für Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Volljährige mit Intelligenzminderung
JF - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie
N2 - Fragestellung: In Bayern leben etwa 10 % aller jungen Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung in Heimeinrichtungen. 2016 wurde in Presseberichten der Vorwurf unzulässiger freiheitsentziehender Maßnahmen formuliert. Im Rahmen des Projekts REDUGIA wurde in bayerischen Heimeinrichtungen eine repräsentative Erhebung zu freiheitsentziehenden Maßnahmen (FeM), herausforderndem Verhalten (hfV) und der Mitarbeiterbelastung (MaB) durchgeführt. Methodik: 65 Einrichtungen für junge Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung in Bayern wurde ein Fragebogen zu strukturellen Gegebenheiten sowie MaB, hfV und FeM zugesendet. Neben deskriptiven Auswertungen wurden korrelative Analysen bzw. Regressionsanalysen zum Zusammenhang zwischen hfV, FeM und MaB durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Es wurden Daten zu 1839 Personen in 61 Einrichtungen erhoben. 84.3 % der Einrichtungen berichteten geringe Raten an hfV und FeM, während 15.7 % ein gehäuftes Vorkommen von hfV und FeM angaben. Auf n = 1809 Vollzeitäquivalente kam es innerhalb von 14 Tagen zu 639 körperlichen Angriffen durch Bewohner_innen. In 12 Monaten wurden problemverhaltensassoziiert 85 Krankmeldungen sowie 33 Versetzungsanträge/Kündigungen berichtet. Es zeigte sich ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang zwischen hfV und FeM (R² = .307, F = 21.719, p < .001). Die Mitarbeiterbelastung korrelierte positiv mit hfV (r = .507, p < .001). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studienbefunde weisen darauf hin, dass hfV sowie FeM bei jungen Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung kein flächendeckendes Phänomen darstellen, sondern sich auf wenige spezialisierte Einrichtungen fokussieren. Mögliche Maßnahmen zur Prävention von Problemverhalten und Freiheitsentzug werden diskutiert.
N2 - Objective: In Bavaria, around 10 % of youths with an intellectual disability (ID) live in residential facilities. In 2015, media raised accusations of inadmissible use of coercive measures. The REDUGIA project carried out a representative survey in Bavarian facilities regarding coercive measures (FeM), challenging behavior (hfV), and employee stress (MaB). Method: We sent a questionnaire concerning structural conditions, MaB, hfV and FeM to 65 Bavarian facilities for young people with ID. In addition to preparing descriptive evaluations, we performed correlative and regression analyses concerning the relationship between hfV, FeM, and MaB. Results: We retrieved data from 1,839 subjects in 61 facilities. 84.3 % of facilities reported low rates of hfV and FeM, while 15.7 % reported an increased incidence of hfV and FeM. For n = 1809 full-time position equivalents there were 639 physical attacks by residents over the course of 14 days. We observed 85 instances of sick leave and 33 transfer apllications/resignation associated with hfV. The frequency of hfV predicted the frequency of FeM (R² = 0.307, F = 21.719, p < .001). MaB correlated positively with hfV (r = 0.507, p < .001). Conclusions: The descriptive data indicate that hfV and FeM are not general phenomena but occur mainly in a circumscript number of highly specialized facilities. This emphasizes the need for prevention of hfV and FeM.
T2 - Freedom-restricting measures in Bavarian residential facilities for children, adolescents, and young adults with intellectual disabilities
KW - Geistige Behinderung
KW - herausforderndes Verhalten
KW - freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen
KW - Heimeinrichtungen
KW - Mitarbeiterbelastung
KW - intellectual disability
KW - challenging behavior
KW - coercive measures
KW - residential institutions
KW - employee stress
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244859
SN - 1422-4917
SN - 1664-2880
VL - 49
IS - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Seeger, Jennifer
A1 - Lenhard, Wolfgang
A1 - Wisniewski, Katrin
T1 - Metakognitives Strategiewissen in sprachbezogenen Situationen : Interne Struktur und Validität des ScenEx
JF - Diagnostica
N2 - Studieren stellt hohe Anforderungen an selbstregulatorische Fähigkeiten und eigenverantwortlichen Umgang mit schwierigen Situationen. Aus den zusätzlichen sprachlichen Barrieren für ausländische Studierende erwachsen spezifische selbstregulatorische Aufgaben, wie der Umgang mit Verständnisproblemen in Vorlesungen. Da hierfür bisher kaum geeignete Erhebungsinstrumente existieren, versucht ScenEx diese Lücke zu schließen. Der Test erfasst das metakognitive Strategiewissen in sprachlich herausfordernden Situationen im Studienalltag. Anhand einer Stichprobe von 290 ausländischen Studierenden im ersten Fachsemester wird die psychometrische Qualität und interne Struktur des Instruments überprüft. ScenEx zeigt eine zufriedenstellende interne Konsistenz und gute Itemfit-Kennwerte, erwartungskonform liegen lokale stochastische Abhängigkeiten der Aufgaben innerhalb der Szenarien vor. Eine konfirmatorische Faktorenanalyse bestätigt die Grobstruktur der Szenarien und des Gesamtscores des Tests. Das Verfahren ist für die weitere Entwicklung der Sprachkompetenz über die anfängliche Sprachfähigkeit hinaus prädiktiv. ScenEx erweist sich insgesamt als ein reliables und valides Instrument zur Erfassung des Strategiewissens in schwierigen Situationen im Studium.
N2 - Studying at a university requires a high degree of self-reliance. Self-regulatory skills and the ability to independently handle difficult situations are important for successfully completing a degree. In addition, foreign students are faced with language-based challenges demanding specific self-regulatory skills, such as dealing with comprehension problems in lectures. To date, assessing these skills has been difficult because of a lack of suitable instruments. The ScenEx Questionnaire purports to close this gap by measuring metacognitive strategic knowledge in everyday study situations by posing language-based challenges, presented as scenarios. Using a sample of 290 foreign students in their first semester, we assessed the psychometric quality of ScenEx. ScenEx shows a satisfactory internal consistency and good item fit. A confirmatory factor analysis confirms the structure of the scenarios and the overall score of the test. The procedure predicts the further development of language competence beyond the initial stage. ScenEx is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing strategic knowledge regarding linguistically difficult situations at the university.
T2 - Metacognitive Strategic Knowledge in Language-Related Situations
KW - Selbstregulation
KW - Strategiewissen
KW - Bildungsausländer
KW - Studienerfolg
KW - Deutsch als Fremdsprache
KW - self-regulation
KW - strategic knowledge
KW - foreign students
KW - academic success
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242375
SN - 0012-1924
SN - 2190-622X
VL - 67
IS - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Böckler, Anne
A1 - Rennert, Annika
A1 - Raettig, Tim
T1 - Stranger, Lover, Friend?
BT - The Pain of Rejection Does Not Depend
JF - Social Psychology
N2 - Social exclusion, even from minimal game-based interactions, induces negative consequences. We investigated whether the nature of the relationship with the excluder modulates the effects of ostracism. Participants played a virtual ball-tossing game with a stranger and a friend (friend condition) or a stranger and their romantic partner (partner condition) while being fully included, fully excluded, excluded only by the stranger, or excluded only by their close other. Replicating previous findings, full exclusion impaired participants’ basic-need satisfaction and relationship evaluation most severely. While the degree of exclusion mattered, the relationship to the excluder did not: Classic null hypothesis testing and Bayesian statistics showed no modulation of ostracism effects depending on whether participants were excluded by a stranger, a friend, or their partner.
KW - interpersonal relationships
KW - ostracism
KW - rejection
KW - social exclusion
KW - social interaction
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-238721
SN - 1864-9335
SN - 2151-2590
VL - 52
IS - 3
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wittkowski, Joachim
A1 - Scheuchenpflug, Rainer
T1 - Evidence on the Conceptual Distinctness of Normal Grief From Depression
BT - A Multi-Faceted Analysis of Differential Validity
JF - European Journal of Health Psychology
N2 - Background: The distinctness of grief from depression has been the subject of a long scholarly debate, even influencing definitions of diagnostic criteria. Aims: This study aims at clarifying the issue by a multifaceted analysis of data from a large German sample. Method: A community sample of 406 bereaved persons answered the Wuerzburg Grief Inventory (WGI), a multidimensional grief questionnaire designed to measure normal grief in the German language, and the General Depression Scale – Short Version (GDS-S), a self-report depression scale. Data were analyzed by factor analysis to identify structural (dis-)similarities of the constructs, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify the influence of the factors relationship to the deceased, type of death, and time since loss on grief measures and depression scores. Results: Factor analysis clustered items referring to grief-related impairments and depression into one factor, items referring to other dimensions of grief on separate factors, however. Relationship to the deceased influenced the grief measures impairments and nearness to the deceased, but not depression scores if controlled for impairments. Type of death showed specific effects on grief scores, but not on depression scores. Time since loss influenced grief scores, but not depression scores. Limitations: The analysis is based on a self-selected community sample of grieving persons, self-report measures, and in part, on cross-sectional data. Conclusion: Factor analysis and objective data show a clear distinction of dimensions of grief and depression. The human experience of grief contains a sense of nearness to the lost person, feelings of guilt, and positive aspects of the loss experience in addition to components resembling depression.
KW - depression
KW - grief
KW - time since loss
KW - type of death
KW - Wuerzburg Grief Inventory (WGI)
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236531
SN - 2512-8442
SN - 2512-8450
VL - 28
IS - 3
SP - 101-110
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bunzmann, Nikolai
A1 - Krugmann, Benjamin
A1 - Weissenseel, Sebastian
A1 - Kudriashova, Liudmila
A1 - Ivaniuk, Khrystyna
A1 - Stakhira, Pavlo
A1 - Cherpak, Vladyslav
A1 - Chapran, Marian
A1 - Grybauskaite‐Kaminskiene, Gintare
A1 - Grazulevicius, Juozas Vidas
A1 - Dyakonov, Vladimir
A1 - Sperlich, Andreas
T1 - Spin‐ and Voltage‐Dependent Emission from Intra‐ and Intermolecular TADF OLEDs
JF - Advanced Electronic Materials
N2 - Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) utilize molecular systems with a small energy splitting between singlet and triplet states. This can either be realized in intramolecular charge transfer states of molecules with near‐orthogonal donor and acceptor moieties or in intermolecular exciplex states formed between a suitable combination of individual donor and acceptor materials. Here, 4,4′‐(9H,9′H‐[3,3′‐bicarbazole]‐9,9′‐diyl)bis(3‐(trifluoromethyl) benzonitrile) (pCNBCzoCF\(_{3}\)) is investigated, which shows intramolecular TADF but can also form exciplex states in combination with 4,4′,4′′‐tris[phenyl(m‐tolyl)amino]triphenylamine (m‐MTDATA). Orange emitting exciplex‐based OLEDs additionally generate a sky‐blue emission from the intramolecular emitter with an intensity that can be voltage‐controlled. Electroluminescence detected magnetic resonance (ELDMR) is applied to study the thermally activated spin‐dependent triplet to singlet up‐conversion in operating devices. Thereby, intermediate excited states involved in OLED operation can be investigated and the corresponding activation energy for both, intra‐ and intermolecular based TADF can be derived. Furthermore, a lower estimate is given for the extent of the triplet wavefunction to be ≥ 1.2 nm. Photoluminescence detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR) reveals the population of molecular triplets in optically excited thin films. Overall, the findings allow to draw a comprehensive picture of the spin‐dependent emission from intra‐ and intermolecular TADF OLEDs.
KW - color tuning
KW - exciplexes
KW - organic light emitting diodes
KW - spin
KW - triplets
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224434
VL - 7
IS - 3
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mechau, Jannik
A1 - Frank, Andreas
A1 - Bakirci, Ezgi
A1 - Gumbel, Simon
A1 - Jungst, Tomasz
A1 - Giesa, Reiner
A1 - Groll, Jürgen
A1 - Dalton, Paul D.
A1 - Schmidt, Hans‐Werner
T1 - Hydrophilic (AB)\(_{n}\) Segmented Copolymers for Melt Extrusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing
JF - Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics
N2 - Several manufacturing technologies beneficially involve processing from the melt, including extrusion‐based printing, electrospinning, and electrohydrodynamic jetting. In this study, (AB)\(_{n}\) segmented copolymers are tailored for melt‐processing to form physically crosslinked hydrogels after swelling. The copolymers are composed of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol)‐based segments and hydrophobic bisurea segments, which form physical crosslinks via hydrogen bonds. The degree of polymerization was adjusted to match the melt viscosity to the different melt‐processing techniques. Using extrusion‐based printing, a width of approximately 260 µm is printed into 3D constructs, with excellent interlayer bonding at fiber junctions, due to hydrogen bonding between the layers. For melt electrospinning, much thinner fibers in the range of about 1–15 µm are obtained and produced in a typical nonwoven morphology. With melt electrowriting, fibers are deposited in a controlled way to well‐defined 3D constructs. In this case, multiple fiber layers fuse together enabling constructs with line width in the range of 70 to 160 µm. If exposed to water the printed constructs swell and form physically crosslinked hydrogels that slowly disintegrate, which is a feature for soluble inks within biofabrication strategies. In this context, cytotoxicity tests confirm the viability of cells and thus demonstrating biocompatibility of this class of copolymers.
KW - 3D printing
KW - (AB)\(_{n}\) segmented copolymers
KW - biocompatibility
KW - melt electrowriting
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224513
VL - 222
IS - 1
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Krahfuss, Mirjam J.
A1 - Radius, Udo
T1 - N‐Heterocyclic Silylene Main Group Element Chemistry: Adduct Formation, Insertion into E−X Bonds and Cyclization of Organoazides
JF - European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
N2 - Investigations concerning the reactivity of the N‐heterocyclic silylene Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSi (1, 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,3‐diaza‐2‐silacyclopent‐4‐en‐2‐ylidene) towards selected alanes and boranes, elemental halides X\(_{2}\) (X=Br, I), selected halide containing substrates such as tin chlorides and halocarbons, as well as organoazides are presented. The NHSi adducts Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSi⋅AlI\(_{3}\) (2), Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSi⋅Al(C\(_{6}\)F\(_{5}\))\(_{3}\) (3), and Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSi⋅B(C\(_{6}\)F\(_{5}\))\(_{3}\) (4) were formed by the reaction of Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSi with the corresponding Lewis acids AlI\(_{3}\), Al(C\(_{6}\)F\(_{6}\))\(_{3}\) and B(C\(_{6}\)F\(_{5}\))\(_{3}\). Adducts 3 and 4 were tested with respect to their ability to activate small organic molecules, but no frustrated Lewis pair reactivity was observed. Reactions of Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSi with Br\(_{2}\), I\(_{2}\), Ph\(_{2}\)SnCl\(_{2}\) and Me\(_{3}\)SnCl led to formation of Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSiBr\(_{2}\) (5), Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSiI\(_{2}\) (6), Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSiCl\(_{2}\) (7) and {(Me\(_{3}\)Sn)N(Dipp)CH}\(_{2}\) (8), respectively. The reaction with the halocarbons methyl iodide, benzyl chloride, and benzyl bromide afforded the insertion products Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSi(I)(CH\(_{3}\)) (9), Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSi(Cl)(CH\(_{2}\)Ph) (10) and Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSi(Br)(CH\(_{2}\)Ph) (11). Reaction of Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSi with the organoazides Ad‐N\(_{3}\) (Ad=adamantyl) and TMS‐N\(_{3}\) (TMS=trimethylsilyl) led to the formation of 1‐Dipp\(_{2}\)NHSi‐2,5‐bis(adamantyl)‐tetrazoline (12) and bis(trimethylsilyl)amido azido silane (13), respectively. For 2,6‐(diphenyl)phenyl‐N\(_{3}\) C−H activation occurs and a cyclosilamine 14 was isolated.
KW - arbenes
KW - E−X bond activation
KW - acid/base adducts
KW - Organoazides
KW - Silylenes
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224507
VL - 2021
IS - 6
SP - 548
EP - 561
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Renner, Rebecca
A1 - Mahlmeister, Bernhard
A1 - Anhalt, Olga
A1 - Stolte, Matthias
A1 - Würthner, Frank
T1 - Chiral Perylene Bisimide Dyes by Interlocked Arene Substituents in the Bay Area
JF - Chemistry - A European Journal
N2 - A series of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes bearing various aryl substituents in 1,6,7,12 bay positions has been synthesized by Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. These molecules exhibit an exceptionally large and conformationally fixed twist angle of the PBI π-core due to the high steric congestion imparted by the aryl substituents in bay positions. Single crystal X-ray analyses of phenyl-, naphthyl- and pyrenyl-functionalized PBIs reveal interlocked π-π-stacking motifs, leading to conformational chirality and the possibility for the isolation of enantiopure atropoisomers by semipreparative HPLC. The interlocked arrangement endows these molecules with substantial racemization barriers of about 120 kJ mol\(^{−1}\) for the tetraphenyl- and tetra-2-naphthyl-substituted derivatives, which is among the highest racemization barriers for axially chiral PBIs. Variable temperature NMR studies reveal the presence of a multitude of up to fourteen conformational isomers in solution that are interconverted via smaller activation barriers of about 65 kJ mol\(^{−1}\). The redox and optical properties of these core-twisted PBIs have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis/NIR and fluorescence spectroscopy and their respective atropo-enantiomers were further characterized by circular dichroism (CD) and circular polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopy.
KW - Suzuki coupling
KW - perylenebisimide dyes
KW - circular polarized luminescence
KW - chirality
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-249070
VL - 27
IS - 46
SP - 11997
EP - 12006
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rupp, Mira T.
A1 - Auvray, Thomas
A1 - Hanan, Garry S.
A1 - Kurth, Dirk G.
T1 - Electrochemical and photophysical study of homoleptic and heteroleptic methylated Ru(II) Bis-terpyridine complexes
JF - European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
N2 - In this study, we investigate the impact of N-methylation on the electronic and photophysical properties of both homoleptic and heteroleptic Ru(II) bis-terpyridine complexes based on the recently reported ligand 4’-(4-bromophenyl)-4,4’’’: 4’’,4’’’’-dipyr-idinyl-2,2’ : 6’,2’’-terpyridine (Bipytpy), with pyridine substituents in the 4- and 4’’-position. The first reduction of the methylated complexes takes place at the pyridinium site and is observed as multi-electron process. Following N-methylation, the complexes exhibit higher luminescence quantum yields and longer excited-state lifetimes. Interestingly, the photophysical properties of the heteroleptic and homoleptic complexes are rather similar. TD-DFT calculations support the experimental results. Furthermore, the complexes are tested as photosensitizers for photocatalytic hydrogen production, as the parent complex 1[Ru(Bipytpy)(Tolyltpy)](PF \(_6\))\(_2\) (Tolyltpy: 4’-tolyl-2,2’: 6’,2’’-terpyri-dine) was recently shown to be active and highly stable underphotocatalytic conditions. However, the methylated complexes reported herein are inactive as photosensitizers under the chosen conditions, presumably due to loss of the methyl groups, converting them to the non-methylated parent complexes.
KW - Ruthenium
KW - Luminescence
KW - Electrochemistry
KW - Ligand effects
KW - Photocatalysis
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-248769
VL - 2021
IS - 28
SP - 2822
EP - 2829
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chen, Chunguang
A1 - Rawat, Divya
A1 - Samikannu, Balaji
A1 - Bender, Markus
A1 - Preissner, Klaus T.
A1 - Linn, Thomas
T1 - Platelet glycoprotein VI‐dependent thrombus stabilization is essential for the intraportal engraftment of pancreatic islets
JF - American Journal of Transplantation
N2 - Platelet activation and thrombus formation have been implicated to be detrimental for intraportal pancreatic islet transplants. The platelet‐specific collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) plays a key role in thrombosis through cellular activation and the subsequent release of secondary mediators. In aggregometry and in a microfluidic dynamic assay system modeling flow in the portal vein, pancreatic islets promoted platelet aggregation and triggered thrombus formation, respectively. While platelet GPVI deficiency did not affect the initiation of these events, it was found to destabilize platelet aggregates and thrombi in this process. Interestingly, while no major difference was detected in early thrombus formation after intraportal islet transplantation, genetic GPVI deficiency or acute anti‐GPVI treatment led to an inferior graft survival and function in both syngeneic mouse islet transplantation and xenogeneic human islet transplantation models. These results demonstrate that platelet GPVI signaling is indispensable in stable thrombus formation induced by pancreatic islets. GPVI deficiency resulted in thrombus destabilization and inferior islet engraftment indicating that thrombus formation is necessary for a successful intraportal islet transplantation in which platelets are active modulators.
KW - basic (laboratory) research / science
KW - coagulation and hemostasis
KW - graft survival
KW - islet transplantation
KW - molecular biology
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224471
VL - 21
SP - 2079
EP - 2089
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cullmann, Katharina
A1 - Jahn, Magdalena
A1 - Spindler, Markus
A1 - Schenk, Franziska
A1 - Manukjan, Georgi
A1 - Mucci, Adele
A1 - Steinemann, Doris
A1 - Boller, Klaus
A1 - Schulze, Harald
A1 - Bender, Markus
A1 - Moritz, Thomas
A1 - Modlich, Ute
T1 - Forming megakaryocytes from murine‐induced pluripotent stem cells by the inducible overexpression of supporting factors
JF - Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis
N2 - Background
Platelets are small anucleate cells that circulate in the blood in a resting state but can be activated by external cues. In case of need, platelets from blood donors can be transfused. As an alternative source, platelets can be produced from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); however, recovered numbers are low.
Objectives
To optimize megakaryocyte (MK) and platelet output from murine iPSCs, we investigated overexpression of the transcription factors GATA‐binding factor 1 (GATA1); nuclear factor, erythroid 2; and pre–B‐cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (Pbx1) and a hyperactive variant of the small guanosine triphosphatase RhoA (RhoAhc).
Methods
To avoid off‐target effects, we generated iPSCs carrying the reverse tetracycline‐responsive transactivator M2 (rtTA‐M2) in the Rosa26 locus and expressed the factors from Tet‐inducible gammaretroviral vectors. Differentiation of iPSCs was initiated by embryoid body (EB) formation. After EB dissociation, early hematopoietic progenitors were enriched and cocultivated on OP9 feeder cells with thrombopoietin and stem cell factor to induce megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation.
Results
Overexpression of GATA1 and Pbx1 increased MK output 2‐ to 2.5‐fold and allowed prolonged collection of MK. Cytologic and ultrastructural analyses identified typical MK with enlarged cells, multilobulated nuclei, granule structures, and an internal membrane system. However, GATA1 and Pbx1 expression did not improve MK maturation or platelet release, although in vitro–generated platelets were functional in spreading on fibrinogen or collagen‐related peptide.
Conclusion
We demonstrate that the use of rtTA‐M2 transgenic iPSCs transduced with Tet‐inducible retroviral vectors allowed for gene expression at later time points during differentiation. With this strategy we could identify factors that increased in vitro MK production.
KW - genetic modification
KW - iPS cells
KW - megakaryocytes
KW - retroviral vectors
KW - Tet‐inducible system
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224565
VL - 5
IS - 1
SP - 111
EP - 124
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Boff, Samuel
A1 - Friedel, Anna
T1 - Dynamics of nest occupation and homing of solitary bees in painted trap nests
JF - Ecological Entomology
N2 - 1. The oil‐collecting bee Centris analis (Fabricius, 1804) is an important pollinator for the Neotropical region. The species can be attracted to nest in human‐made cavities. Such trap nests or insect hotels offer the opportunity to study the behaviour of populations in semifield conditions.
2. We studied a newly established trap nest aggregation of C. analis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil and tested the effect that differentially painted nesting options have on the rate of nest foundation, and on the ability of relocating the nest when returning from a foraging trip (homing behaviour). Moreover, we tested if the duration of foraging trips decreased with time.
3. We found that females preferred to nest in painted nests compared to unpainted nests, with blue nests being the most occupied ones, followed by purple, yellow, white, and green. Furthermore, bees improved their homing behaviour with time, however, nest colour did not seem to have an effect on this process. Moreover, we found that bees reduce the duration of their foraging trips with time. This could be an indicator of improved foraging efficiency through learning.
4. These findings could inform a new and fruitful line of research on the behaviour and ecology of trap nesting solitary bees.
KW - foraging activities
KW - nesting ecology
KW - oil bees
KW - painted nest preference
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224605
VL - 46
IS - 2
SP - 496
EP - 499
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Welker, Armin
A1 - Kersten, Christian
A1 - Müller, Christin
A1 - Madhugiri, Ramakanth
A1 - Zimmer, Collin
A1 - Müller, Patrick
A1 - Zimmermann, Robert
A1 - Hammerschmidt, Stefan
A1 - Maus, Hannah
A1 - Ziebuhr, John
A1 - Sotriffer, Christoph
A1 - Schirmeister, Tanja
T1 - Structure‐Activity Relationships of Benzamides and Isoindolines Designed as SARS‐CoV Protease Inhibitors Effective against SARS‐CoV‐2
JF - ChemMedChem
N2 - Inhibition of coronavirus (CoV)‐encoded papain‐like cysteine proteases (PL\(^{pro}\)) represents an attractive strategy to treat infections by these important human pathogens. Herein we report on structure‐activity relationships (SAR) of the noncovalent active‐site directed inhibitor (R)‐5‐amino‐2‐methyl‐N‐(1‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)ethyl) benzamide (2 b), which is known to bind into the S3 and S4 pockets of the SARS‐CoV PL\(^{pro}\). Moreover, we report the discovery of isoindolines as a new class of potent PL\(^{pro}\) inhibitors. The studies also provide a deeper understanding of the binding modes of this inhibitor class. Importantly, the inhibitors were also confirmed to inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in cell culture suggesting that, due to the high structural similarities of the target proteases, inhibitors identified against SARS‐CoV PL\(^{pro}\) are valuable starting points for the development of new pan‐coronaviral inhibitors.
KW - antiviral agents
KW - computational chemistry
KW - drug design
KW - protease inhibitors
KW - structure-activity relationships
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225700
VL - 16
IS - 2
SP - 340
EP - 354
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Romero‐Olmedo, Addi J.
A1 - Schulz, Axel R.
A1 - Huber, Magdalena
A1 - Brehm, Corinna U.
A1 - Chang, Hyun‐Dong
A1 - Chiarolla, Cristina M.
A1 - Bopp, Tobias
A1 - Skevaki, Chrysanthi
A1 - Berberich‐Siebelt, Friederike
A1 - Radbruch, Andreas
A1 - Mei, Henrik E.
A1 - Lohoff, Michael
T1 - Deep phenotypical characterization of human CD3\(^{+}\)CD56\(^{+}\) T cells by mass cytometry
JF - European Journal of Immunology
N2 - CD56\(^{+}\) T cells are a group of pro‐inflammatory CD3\(^{+}\) lymphocytes with characteristics of natural killer cells, being involved in antimicrobial immune defense. Here, we performed deep phenotypic profiling of CD3\(^{+}\)CD56\(^{+}\) cells in peripheral blood of normal human donors and individuals sensitized to birch‐pollen or/and house dust mite by high‐dimensional mass cytometry combined with manual and computational data analysis. A co‐regulation between major conventional T‐cell subsets and their respective CD3\(^{+}\)CD56\(^{+}\) cell counterparts appeared restricted to CD8\(^{+}\), MAIT, and TCRγδ\(^{+}\) T‐cell compartments. Interestingly, we find a co‐regulation of several CD3\(^{+}\)CD56\(^{+}\) cell subsets in allergic but not in healthy individuals. Moreover, using FlowSOM, we distinguished a variety of CD56\(^{+}\) T‐cell phenotypes demonstrating a hitherto underestimated heterogeneity among these cells. The novel CD3\(^{+}\)CD56\(^{+}\) subset description comprises phenotypes superimposed with naive, memory, type 1, 2, and 17 differentiation stages, in part represented by a phenotypical continuum. Frequencies of two out of 19 CD3\(^{+}\)CD56\(^{+}\) FlowSOM clusters were significantly diminished in allergic individuals, demonstrating less frequent presence of cells with cytolytic, presumably protective, capacity in these donors consistent with defective expansion or their recruitment to the affected tissue. Our results contribute to defining specific cell populations to be targeted during therapy for allergic conditions.
KW - allergy
KW - CD56
KW - human
KW - mass cytometry
KW - T cells
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225699
VL - 51
IS - 3
SP - 672
EP - 681
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Doryab, Ali
A1 - Taskin, Mehmet Berat
A1 - Stahlhut, Philipp
A1 - Schröppel, Andreas
A1 - Wagner, Darcy E.
A1 - Groll, Jürgen
A1 - Schmid, Otmar
T1 - A Biomimetic, Copolymeric Membrane for Cell‐Stretch Experiments with Pulmonary Epithelial Cells at the Air‐Liquid Interface
JF - Advanced Functional Materials
N2 - Chronic respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, but only symptomatic therapies are available for terminal illness. This in part reflects a lack of biomimetic in vitro models that can imitate the complex environment and physiology of the lung. Here, a copolymeric membrane consisting of poly(ε‐)caprolactone and gelatin with tunable properties, resembling the main characteristics of the alveolar basement membrane is introduced. The thin bioinspired membrane (≤5 μm) is stretchable (up to 25% linear strain) with appropriate surface wettability and porosity for culturing lung epithelial cells under air–liquid interface conditions. The unique biphasic concept of this membrane provides optimum characteristics for initial cell growth (phase I) and then switch to biomimetic properties for cyclic cell‐stretch experiments (phase II). It is showed that physiologic cyclic mechanical stretch improves formation of F‐actin cytoskeleton filaments and tight junctions while non‐physiologic over‐stretch induces cell apoptosis, activates inflammatory response (IL‐8), and impairs epithelial barrier integrity. It is also demonstrated that cyclic physiologic stretch can enhance the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Since this membrane offers considerable advantages over currently used membranes, it may lead the way to more biomimetic in vitro models of the lung for translation of in vitro response studies into clinical outcome.
KW - alveolar‐capillary barrier
KW - cyclic mechanical stretch
KW - hybrid polymers
KW - in vitro cell‐stretch model
KW - tunable ultra‐thin biphasic membrane
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225645
VL - 31
IS - 10
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hanft, Anna
A1 - Radacki, Krzysztof
A1 - Lichtenberg, Crispin
T1 - Cationic Bismuth Aminotroponiminates: Charge Controls Redox Properties
JF - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2 - The behavior of the redox‐active aminotroponiminate (ATI) ligand in the coordination sphere of bismuth has been investigated in neutral and cationic compounds, [Bi(ATI)\(_{3}\)] and [Bi(ATI)\(_{2}\)L\(_{n}\)][A] (L=neutral ligand; n=0, 1; A=counteranion). Their coordination chemistry in solution and in the solid state has been analyzed through (variable‐temperature) NMR spectroscopy, line‐shape analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, and their Lewis acidity has been evaluated by using the Gutmann–Beckett method (and modifications thereof). Cyclic voltammetry, in combination with DFT calculations, indicates that switching between ligand‐ and metal‐centered redox events is possible by altering the charge of the compounds from 0 in neutral species to +1 in cationic compounds. This adds important facets to the rich redox chemistry of ATIs and to the redox chemistry of bismuth compounds, which is, so far, largely unexplored.
KW - aminotroponiminates
KW - bismuth
KW - cationic species
KW - redox chemistry
KW - redox-active ligands
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225669
VL - 27
IS - 20
SP - 6230
EP - 6239
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Budiman, Yudha P.
A1 - Lorenzen, Sabine
A1 - Liu, Zhiqiang
A1 - Radius, Udo
A1 - Marder, Todd B.
T1 - Base‐Free Pd‐Catalyzed C−Cl Borylation of Fluorinated Aryl Chlorides
JF - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2 - Catalytic C−X borylation of aryl halides containing two ortho‐fluorines has been found to be challenging, as most previous methods require stoichiometric amounts of base and the polyfluorinated aryl boronates suffer from protodeboronation, which is accelerated by ortho‐fluorine substituents. Herein, we report that a combination of Pd(dba)2 (dba=dibenzylideneacetone) with SPhos (2‐dicyclohexylphosphino‐2’,6’‐dimethoxybiphenyl) as a ligand is efficient to catalyze the C‐Cl borylation of aryl chlorides containing two ortho‐fluorine substituents. This method, conducted under base‐free conditions, is compatible with the resulting di‐ortho‐fluorinated aryl boronate products which are sensitive to base.
KW - boronate ester
KW - borylation
KW - cross-coupling
KW - fluoroarene
KW - palladium-catalyzed
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225687
VL - 27
IS - 11
SP - 3869
EP - 3874
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weich, Alexander
A1 - Werner, Rudolf A.
A1 - Buck, Andreas K.
A1 - Hartrampf, Philipp E.
A1 - Serfling, Sebastian E.
A1 - Scheurlen, Michael
A1 - Wester, Hans-Jürgen
A1 - Meining, Alexander
A1 - Kircher, Stefan
A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro
A1 - Pomper, Martin G.
A1 - Rowe, Steven P.
A1 - Lapa, Constantin
A1 - Kircher, Malte
T1 - CXCR4-Directed PET/CT in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
JF - Diagnostics
N2 - We aimed to elucidate the diagnostic potential of the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-directed positron emission tomography (PET) tracer \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor in patients with poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC), relative to the established reference standard \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT). In our database, we retrospectively identified 11 treatment-naïve patients with histologically proven NEC, who underwent \(^{18}\)F-FDG and CXCR4-directed PET/CT for staging and therapy planning. The images were analyzed on a per-patient and per-lesion basis and compared to immunohistochemical staining (IHC) of CXCR4 from PET-guided biopsies. \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor visualized tumor lesions in 10/11 subjects, while \(^{18}\)F-FDG revealed sites of disease in all 11 patients. Although weak to moderate CXCR4 expression could be corroborated by IHC in 10/11 cases, \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT detected significantly more tumor lesions (102 vs. 42; total lesions, n = 107; p < 0.001). Semi-quantitative analysis revealed markedly higher 18F-FDG uptake as compared to \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor (maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUV) and tumor-to-background ratios (TBR) of cancerous lesions, SUVmax: 12.8 ± 9.8 vs. 5.2 ± 3.7; SUVmean: 7.4 ± 5.4 vs. 3.1 ± 3.2, p < 0.001; and, TBR 7.2 ± 7.9 vs. 3.4 ± 3.0, p < 0.001). Non-invasive imaging of CXCR4 expression in NEC is inferior to the reference standard \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT.
KW - CXCR4
KW - NET
KW - NEC
KW - 68Ga-Pentixafor
KW - 18F-FDG
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234231
SN - 2075-4418
VL - 11
IS - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mönius, Katja
T1 - Eigenvalues of zero-divisor graphs of finite commutative rings
JF - Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics
N2 - We investigate eigenvalues of the zero-divisor graph Γ(R) of finite commutative rings R and study the interplay between these eigenvalues, the ring-theoretic properties of R and the graph-theoretic properties of Γ(R). The graph Γ(R) is defined as the graph with vertex set consisting of all nonzero zero-divisors of R and adjacent vertices x, y whenever xy=0. We provide formulas for the nullity of Γ(R), i.e., the multiplicity of the eigenvalue 0 of Γ(R). Moreover, we precisely determine the spectra of \(\Gamma ({\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p)\) and \(\Gamma ({\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p)\) for a prime number p. We introduce a graph product ×Γ with the property that Γ(R)≅Γ(R\(_1\))×Γ⋯×ΓΓ(R\(_r\)) whenever R≅R\(_1\)×⋯×R\(_r\). With this product, we find relations between the number of vertices of the zero-divisor graph Γ(R), the compressed zero-divisor graph, the structure of the ring R and the eigenvalues of Γ(R).
KW - EJMA-D-19-00287
KW - Zero-divisor graphs
KW - Graph eigenvalues
KW - Graphnullity
KW - Graph products
KW - Local rings
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232792
SN - 0925-9899
VL - 54
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grob, Robin
A1 - Tritscher, Clara
A1 - Grübel, Kornelia
A1 - Stigloher, Christian
A1 - Groh, Claudia
A1 - Fleischmann, Pauline N.
A1 - Rössler, Wolfgang
T1 - Johnston's organ and its central projections in Cataglyphis desert ants
JF - Journal of Comparative Neurology
N2 - The Johnston's organ (JO) in the insect antenna is a multisensory organ involved in several navigational tasks including wind‐compass orientation, flight control, graviception, and, possibly, magnetoreception. Here we investigate the three dimensional anatomy of the JO and its neuronal projections into the brain of the desert ant Cataglyphis, a marvelous long‐distance navigator. The JO of C. nodus workers consists of 40 scolopidia comprising three sensory neurons each. The numbers of scolopidia slightly vary between different sexes (female/male) and castes (worker/queen). Individual scolopidia attach to the intersegmental membrane between pedicel and flagellum of the antenna and line up in a ring‐like organization. Three JO nerves project along the two antennal nerve branches into the brain. Anterograde double staining of the antennal afferents revealed that JO receptor neurons project to several distinct neuropils in the central brain. The T5 tract projects into the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC), while the T6 tract bypasses the AMMC via the saddle and forms collaterals terminating in the posterior slope (PS) (T6I), the ventral complex (T6II), and the ventrolateral protocerebrum (T6III). Double labeling of JO and ocellar afferents revealed that input from the JO and visual information from the ocelli converge in tight apposition in the PS. The general JO anatomy and its central projection patterns resemble situations in honeybees and Drosophila. The multisensory nature of the JO together with its projections to multisensory neuropils in the ant brain likely serves synchronization and calibration of different sensory modalities during the ontogeny of navigation in Cataglyphis.
KW - ant brain
KW - chordotonal organ
KW - graviception
KW - magnetic compass
KW - multisensory integration
KW - navigation
KW - wind compass
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225679
VL - 529
IS - 8
SP - 2138
EP - 2155
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Full, Julian
A1 - Panchal, Santosh P.
A1 - Götz, Julian
A1 - Krause, Ana‐Maria
A1 - Nowak‐Król, Agnieszka
T1 - Modular Synthesis of Organoboron Helically Chiral Compounds: Cutouts from Extended Helices
JF - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2 - Two types of helically chiral compounds bearing one and two boron atoms were synthesized by a modular approach. Formation of the helical scaffolds was executed by the introduction of boron to flexible biaryl and triaryl derived from small achiral building blocks. All‐ortho‐fused azabora[7]helicenes feature exceptional configurational stability, blue or green fluorescence with quantum yields (Φ\(_{fl}\)) of 18–24 % in solution, green or yellow solid‐state emission (Φ\(_{fl}\) up to 23 %), and strong chiroptical response with large dissymmetry factors of up to 1.12×10\(^{-2}\). Azabora[9]helicenes consisting of angularly and linearly fused rings are blue emitters exhibiting Φ\(_{fl}\) of up to 47 % in CH\(_{2}\)Cl\(_{2}\) and 25 % in the solid state. As revealed by the DFT calculations, their P–M interconversion pathway is more complex than that of H1. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis shows clear differences in the packing arrangement of methyl and phenyl derivatives. These molecules are proposed as primary structures of extended helices.
KW - chirality
KW - circular dichroism
KW - fluorescence
KW - helicene
KW - organoboron
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225775
VL - 60
IS - 8
SP - 4350
EP - 4357
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Urlaub, Jonas
A1 - Kaiser, Reinhard P.
A1 - Scherf‐Clavel, Oliver
A1 - Bolm, Carsten
A1 - Holzgrabe, Ulrike
T1 - Investigation of isomerization of dexibuprofen in a ball mill using chiral capillary electrophoresis
JF - Electrophoresis
N2 - Besides the racemate, the S‐enantiomer of ibuprofen (Ibu) is used for the treatment of inflammation and pain. Since the configurational stability of S‐Ibu in solid state is of interest, it was studied by means of ball milling experiments. For the evaluation of the enantiomeric composition, a chiral CE method was developed and validated according to the ICH guideline Q2(R1). The addition of Mg\(^{2+}\), Ca\(^{2+}\), or Zn\(^{2+}\) ions to the background electrolyte (BGE) was found to improve Ibu enantioresolution. Chiral separation of Ibu enantiomers was achieved on a 60.2 cm (50.0 cm effective length) x 75 μm fused‐silica capillary using a background electrolyte (BGE) composed of 50 mM sodium acetate, 10 mM magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, and 35 mM heptakis‐(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (TM‐β‐CD) as chiral selector. The quantification of R‐Ibu in the mixture was performed using the normalization procedure. Linearity was evaluated in the range of 0.68–5.49% R‐Ibu (R\(^{2}\) = 0.999), recovery was found to range between 97 and 103%, the RSD of intra‐ and interday precision below 2.5%, and the limit of quantification for R‐ in S‐Ibu was calculated to be 0.21% (extrapolated) and 0.15% (dilution of racemic ibuprofen), respectively. Isomerization of S‐Ibu was observed under basic conditions by applying long milling times and high milling frequencies.
KW - capillary electrophoresis
KW - chiral separation
KW - Ibuprofen
KW - isomerization
KW - validation
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225852
VL - 42
IS - 17-18
SP - 1790
EP - 1799
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zahoranová, Anna
A1 - Luxenhofer, Robert
T1 - Poly(2‐oxazoline)‐ and Poly(2‐oxazine)‐Based Self‐Assemblies, Polyplexes, and Drug Nanoformulations—An Update
JF - Advanced Healthcare Materials
N2 - For many decades, poly(2‐oxazoline)s and poly(2‐oxazine)s, two closely related families of polymers, have led the life of a rather obscure research topic with only a few research groups world‐wide working with them. This has changed in the last five to ten years, presumably triggered significantly by very promising clinical trials of the first poly(2‐oxazoline)‐based drug conjugate. The huge chemical and structural toolbox poly(2‐oxazoline)s and poly(2‐oxazine)s has been extended very significantly in the last few years, but their potential still remains largely untapped. Here, specifically, the developments in macromolecular self‐assemblies and non‐covalent drug delivery systems such as polyplexes and drug nanoformulations based on poly(2‐oxazoline)s and poly(2‐oxazine)s are reviewed. This highly dynamic field benefits particularly from the extensive synthetic toolbox poly(2‐oxazoline)s and poly(2‐oxazine)s offer and also may have the largest potential for a further development. It is expected that the research dynamics will remain high in the next few years, particularly as more about the safety and therapeutic potential of poly(2‐oxazoline)s and poly(2‐oxazine)s is learned.
KW - block copolymers
KW - colloids
KW - cytotoxicity
KW - drug delivery
KW - micelles
KW - microphase separation
KW - thermogelling
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225833
VL - 10
IS - 6
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hojsgaard, Diego
A1 - Schartl, Manfred
T1 - Skipping sex: A nonrecombinant genomic assemblage of complementary reproductive modules
JF - BioEssays
N2 - The unusual occurrence and developmental diversity of asexual eukaryotes remain a puzzle. De novo formation of a functioning asexual genome requires a unique assembly of sets of genes or gene states to disrupt cellular mechanisms of meiosis and gametogenesis, and to affect discrete components of sexuality and produce clonal or hemiclonal offspring. We highlight two usually overlooked but essential conditions to understand the molecular nature of clonal organisms, that is, a nonrecombinant genomic assemblage retaining modifiers of the sexual program, and a complementation between altered reproductive components. These subtle conditions are the basis for physiologically viable and genetically balanced transitions between generations. Genomic and developmental evidence from asexual animals and plants indicates the lack of complementation of molecular changes in the sexual reproductive program is likely the main cause of asexuals' rarity, and can provide an explanatory frame for the developmental diversity and lability of developmental patterns in some asexuals as well as for the discordant time to extinction estimations.
KW - amphimixis
KW - apomixis
KW - automixis
KW - gynogenesis
KW - hybridogenesis
KW - parthenogenesis
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225818
VL - 43
IS - 1
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Budiman, Yudha P.
A1 - Westcott, Stephen A.
A1 - Radius, Udo
A1 - Marder, Todd B.
T1 - Fluorinated Aryl Boronates as Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis
JF - Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis
N2 - Organoboron compounds are well known building blocks for many organic reactions. However, under basic conditions, polyfluorinated aryl boronic acid derivatives suffer from instability issues that are accelerated in compounds containing an ortho‐fluorine group, which result in the formation of the corresponding protodeboronation products. Therefore, a considerable amount of research has focused on novel methodologies to synthesize these valuable compounds while avoiding the protodeboronation issue. This review summarizes the latest developments in the synthesis of fluorinated aryl boronic acid derivatives and their applications in cross‐coupling reactions and other transformations.
image
KW - homogeneous catalysis
KW - boron reagents
KW - boronates
KW - fluorine
KW - fluoroarene
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225908
VL - 363
IS - 9
SP - 2224
EP - 2255
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ravat, Prince
T1 - Carbo[n]helicenes Restricted to Enantiomerize: An Insight into the Design Process of Configurationally Stable Functional Chiral PAHs
JF - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2 - The most important stereodynamic feature of carbo[n]helicenes is the interconversion of their enantiomers. The Gibbs activation energy (ΔG≠(T)) of this process, which determines the rate of enantiomerization, dictates the configurational stability of [n]helicenes. High values of ΔG≠(T) are required for applications of functional chiral molecules incorporating [n]helicenes or helicene substructures. This minireview provides an overview of the mechanism, recent developments, and factors affecting the enantiomerization of [n]helicenes, which will accelerate the design process of configurationally stable functional chiral molecules based on helicene substructures. Additionally, this minireview addresses the misconception and irregularities in the recent literature on how the terms “racemization” and “enantiomerization” are used as well as how the activation parameters are calculated for [n]helicenes and related compounds.
KW - [n]helicenes
KW - configurational stability
KW - enantiomerization
KW - Gibbs activation energy
KW - racemization
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225871
VL - 27
IS - 12
SP - 3957
EP - 3967
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sprenger, Philipp P.
A1 - Müsse, Christian
A1 - Hartke, Juliane
A1 - Feldmeyer, Barbara
A1 - Schmitt, Thomas
A1 - Gebauer, Gerhard
A1 - Menzel, Florian
T1 - Dinner with the roommates: trophic niche differentiation and competition in a mutualistic ant‐ant association
JF - Ecological Entomology
N2 - 1. The potential for competition is highest among species in close association. Despite net benefits for both parties, mutualisms can involve costs, including food competition. This might be true for the two neotropical ants Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior, which share the same nest in a presumably mutualistic association (parabiosis).
2. While each nest involves one Crematogaster and one Camponotus partner, both taxa were recently found to comprise two cryptic species that show no partner preferences and seem ecologically similar. Since these cryptic species often occur in close sympatry, they might need to partition their niches to avoid competitive exclusion.
3. Here, we investigated first, is there interference competition between parabiotic Camponotus and Crematogaster, and do they prefer different food sources under competition? And second, is there trophic niche partitioning between the cryptic species of either genus?
4. Using cafeteria experiments, neutral lipid fatty acid and stable isotope analyses, we found evidence for interference competition, but also trophic niche partitioning between Camponotus and Crematogaster. Both preferred protein‐ and carbohydrate‐rich baits, but at protein‐rich baits Ca. femoratus displaced Cr. levior over time, suggesting a potential discovery‐dominance trade‐off between parabiotic partners. Only limited evidence was found for trophic differentiation between the cryptic species of each genus.
5. Although we cannot exclude differentiation in other niche dimensions, we argue that neutral dynamics might mediate the coexistence of cryptic species. This model system is highly suitable for further studies of the maintenance of species diversity and the role of mutualisms in promoting species coexistence.
KW - Cryptic species
KW - Formicidae
KW - neutral theory
KW - niche partitioning
KW - nutrition
KW - parabiosis
KW - species coexistence mechanism
KW - trade‐offs
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228215
VL - 46
IS - 3
SP - 562
EP - 572
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Du, Baoguo
A1 - Ma, Yuhua
A1 - Yáñez‐Serrano, Ana Maria
A1 - Arab, Leila
A1 - Fasbender, Lukas
A1 - Alfarraj, Saleh
A1 - Albasher, Gadah
A1 - Hedrich, Rainer
A1 - White, Philip J.
A1 - Werner, Christiane
A1 - Rennenberg, Heinz
T1 - Physiological responses of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seedlings to seawater and flooding
JF - New Phytologist
N2 - In their natural environment along coast lines, date palms are exposed to seawater inundation and, hence, combined stress by salinity and flooding.
To elucidate the consequences of this combined stress on foliar gas exchange and metabolite abundances in leaves and roots, date palm seedlings were exposed to flooding with seawater and its major constituents under controlled conditions.
Seawater flooding significantly reduced CO\(_{2}\) assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance, but did not affect isoprene emission. A similar effect was observed upon NaCl exposure. By contrast, flooding with distilled water or MgSO\(_{4}\) did not affect CO\(_{2}\)/H\(_{2}\)O gas exchange or stomatal conductance significantly, indicating that neither flooding itself, nor seawater sulfate, contributed greatly to stomatal closure. Seawater exposure increased Na and Cl contents in leaves and roots, but did not affect sulfate contents significantly. Metabolite analyses revealed reduced abundances of foliar compatible solutes, such as sugars and sugar alcohols, whereas nitrogen compounds accumulated in roots.
Reduced transpiration upon seawater exposure may contribute to controlling the movement of toxic ions to leaves and, therefore, can be seen as a mechanism to cope with salinity. The present results indicate that date palm seedlings are tolerant towards seawater exposure to some extent, and highly tolerant to flooding.
KW - compatible solutes and other metabolites
KW - date palm
KW - flooding
KW - salinity
KW - shoot–root interaction
KW - stomatal conductance
KW - sulfate
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228226
VL - 229
IS - 6
SP - 3318
EP - 3329
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Seibold, Sebastian
A1 - Hothorn, Torsten
A1 - Gossner, Martin M.
A1 - Simons, Nadja K.
A1 - Blüthgen, Nico
A1 - Müller, Jörg
A1 - Ambarlı, Didem
A1 - Ammer, Christian
A1 - Bauhus, Jürgen
A1 - Fischer, Markus
A1 - Habel, Jan C.
A1 - Penone, Caterina
A1 - Schall, Peter
A1 - Schulze, Ernst‐Detlef
A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
T1 - Insights from regional and short‐term biodiversity monitoring datasets are valuable: a reply to Daskalova et al. 2021
JF - Insect Conservation and Diversity
N2 - Reports of major losses in insect biodiversity have stimulated an increasing interest in temporal population changes. Existing datasets are often limited to a small number of study sites, few points in time, a narrow range of land‐use intensities and only some taxonomic groups, or they lack standardised sampling. While new monitoring programs have been initiated, they still cover rather short time periods.
Daskalova et al. 2021 (Insect Conservation and Diversity, 14, 1‐18) argue that temporal trends of insect populations derived from short time series are biased towards extreme trends, while their own analysis of an assembly of shorter‐ and longer‐term time series does not support an overall insect decline. With respect to the results of Seibold et al. 2019 (Nature, 574, 671–674) based on a 10‐year multi‐site time series, they claim that the analysis suffers from not accounting for temporal pseudoreplication.
Here, we explain why the criticism of missing statistical rigour in the analysis of Seibold et al. (2019) is not warranted. Models that include ‘year’ as random effect, as suggested by Daskalova et al. (2021), fail to detect non‐linear trends and assume that consecutive years are independent samples which is questionable for insect time‐series data.
We agree with Daskalova et al. (2021) that the assembly and analysis of larger datasets is urgently needed, but it will take time until such datasets are available. Thus, short‐term datasets are highly valuable, should be extended and analysed continually to provide a more detailed understanding of insect population changes under the influence of global change, and to trigger immediate conservation actions.
KW - Arthropod
KW - biodiversity
KW - insect decline
KW - land use
KW - time series
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228309
VL - 14
IS - 1
SP - 144
EP - 148
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fehske, Kai
A1 - Berninger, Markus T.
A1 - Alm, Lena
A1 - Hoffmann, Reinhard
A1 - Zellner, Johannes
A1 - Kösters, Clemens
A1 - Barzen, Stefan
A1 - Raschke, Michael J.
A1 - Izadpanah, Kaywan
A1 - Herbst, Elmar
A1 - Domnick, Christoph
A1 - Schüttrumpf, Jan Philipp
A1 - Krause, Matthias
T1 - Aktueller Versorgungsstandard von Patellafrakturen in Deutschland
JF - Der Unfallchirurg
N2 - Hintergrund
Die Versorgung von Patellafrakturen ist technisch anspruchsvoll. Auch wenn die radiologischen Ergebnisse zumeist zufriedenstellend sind, deckt sich dies häufig nicht mit der subjektiven Einschätzung der Patienten. Die klassische Versorgung mittels Drahtzuggurtung weist einige Komplikationen auf. Die winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthese hat sich in den letzten Jahren biomechanisch als vorteilhaft erwiesen.
Fragestellung
Von wem werden Patellafrakturen in Deutschland versorgt? Wie sieht der aktuelle Versorgungsstandard aus? Haben sich „moderne“ Osteosyntheseformen durchgesetzt? Was sind die häufigsten Komplikationen?
Material und Methoden
Die Mitglieder der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie sowie der Deutschen Kniegesellschaft wurden aufgefordert, an einer Onlinebefragung teilzunehmen.
Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 511 komplett ausgefüllte Fragebogen ausgewertet. Die Befragten sind zum größten Teil auf Unfallchirurgie spezialisiert (51,5 %) und verfügen über langjährige Berufserfahrung in Traumazentren. Die Hälfte der Operateure versorgt ≤5 Patellafrakturen jährlich. In knapp 40 % der Fälle wird die präoperative Bildgebung um eine Computertomographie ergänzt. Die klassische Zuggurtung ist noch die bevorzugte Osteosyntheseform bei allen Frakturtypen (Querfraktur 52 %, Mehrfragmentfrakturen 40 %). Bei Mehrfragmentfrakturen entscheiden sich 30 % der Operateure für eine winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthese. Bei Beteiligung des kaudalen Pols dient als zusätzliche Sicherung die McLaughlin-Schlinge (60 %).
Diskussion
Der Versorgungsstandard von Patellafrakturen in Deutschland entspricht weitgehend der aktualisierten S2e-Leitlinie. Nach wie vor wird die klassische Zuggurtungsosteosynthese als Verfahren der Wahl genutzt. Weitere klinische (Langzeit‑)Studien werden benötigt, um die Vorteile der winkelstabilen Plattenosteosynthese zu verifizieren.
N2 - Background
The treatment of patella fractures is technically demanding. Although the radiological results are mostly satisfactory, this often does not correspond to the subjective assessment of the patients. The classical treatment with tension band wiring with K‑wires has several complications. Fixed-angle plate osteosynthesis seems to be biomechanically advantageous.
Objective
Who is treating patella fractures in Germany? What is the current standard of treatment? Have modern forms of osteosynthesis become established? What are the most important complications?
Material and methods
The members of the German Society for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery and the German Knee Society were asked to participate in an online survey.
Results
A total of 511 completed questionnaires were evaluated. Most of the respondents are specialized in trauma surgery (51.5%), have many years of professional experience and work in trauma centers. Of the surgeons 50% treat ≤5 patella fractures annually. In almost 40% of the cases preoperative imaging is supplemented by computed tomography. The classical tension band wiring with K‑wires is still the preferred form of osteosynthesis for all types of fractures (transverse fractures 52%, comminuted fractures 40%). In the case of comminuted fractures 30% of the surgeons choose fixed-angle plate osteosynthesis. If the inferior pole is involved a McLaughlin cerclage is used for additional protection in 60% of the cases.
Discussion
The standard of care for patella fractures in Germany largely corresponds to the updated S2e guidelines. Tension band wiring is still the treatment of choice. Further (long-term) clinical studies are needed to verify the advantages of fixed-angle plates.
T2 - Current treatment standard for patella fractures in Germany
KW - Kniegelenk
KW - Winkelstabile Platte
KW - Klassische Zuggurtung
KW - Versorgungsstrategien
KW - Umfrage
KW - knee joint
KW - fixed-angle plate
KW - tension band wiring
KW - treatment strategy
KW - survey
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235047
SN - 0177-5537
VL - 124
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rosenfeldt, Mathias T.
A1 - Hartmann, Elena M.
A1 - Leng, Corinna
A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas
A1 - Anagnostopoulos, Ioannis
T1 - A case of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with unexpected EBV-latency type
JF - Annals of Hematology
N2 - No abstract available.
KW - nodular lymphcyte
KW - Hodgkin lymphoma
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232571
SN - 0939-5555
VL - 100
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Höhn, Stefan
A1 - Frimmel, Hartwig E.
A1 - Debaille, Vinciane
A1 - Price, Westley
T1 - Pre‐Klondikean oxidation prepared the ground for Broken Hill‐type mineralization in South Africa
JF - Terra Nova
N2 - New Cu isotope data obtained on chalcopyrite from the Black Mountain and the Broken Hill deposits in the medium‐ to high‐grade metamorphic Aggeneys‐Gamsberg ore district (South Africa) require a revision of our understanding of the genesis of metamorphic Broken Hill‐type massive sulphide deposits. Chalcopyrite from both deposits revealed unusually wide ranges in δ\(^{65}\)Cu (−2.41 to 2.84‰ NIST 976 standard) in combination with distinctly positive mean values (0.27 and 0.94‰, respectively). This is interpreted to reflect derivation from various silicate and oxide precursor minerals in which Cu occurred in higher oxidation states. Together with the observation of a typical supergene base metal distribution within the deposits and their spatial association with an unconformity only meters above the ore horizon, our new data are best explained by supergene oxidation of originally possibly SEDEX deposits prior to metamorphic sulphide formation, between the Okiepian (1,210–1,180 Ma) and Klondikean (1,040–1,020 Ma) orogenic events.
KW - South Africa
KW - mineralization
KW - Broken Hill
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218545
VL - 33
IS - 2
SP - 168
EP - 173
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Almeida, R.
A1 - Hristova, S.
A1 - Dashkovskiy, S.
T1 - Uniform bounded input bounded output stability of fractional‐order delay nonlinear systems with input
JF - International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control
N2 - The bounded input bounded output (BIBO) stability for a nonlinear Caputo fractional system with time‐varying bounded delay and nonlinear output is studied. Utilizing the Razumikhin method, Lyapunov functions and appropriate fractional derivatives of Lyapunov functions some new bounded input bounded output stability criteria are derived. Also, explicit and independent on the initial time bounds of the output are provided. Uniform BIBO stability and uniform BIBO stability with input threshold are studied. A numerical simulation is carried out to show the system's dynamic response, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
KW - bounded input bounded output stability
KW - Caputo fractional derivative
KW - Lyapunov functions
KW - Razumikhin method
KW - time‐varying delay
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218554
VL - 31
IS - 1
SP - 225
EP - 249
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wolf, Matthias
T1 - How to teach about what is a species
JF - Biology
N2 - To ask students what a species is always has something rhetorical about it. Too quickly comes the rote answer, often learned by heart without ever thinking about it: “A species is a reproductive community of populations (reproductively isolated from others), which occupies a specific niche in nature” (Mayr 1982). However, do two people look alike because they are twins or are they twins because they look alike? “Two organisms do not belong to the same species because they mate and reproduce, but they only are able to do so because they belong to the same species” (Mahner and Bunge 1997). Unfortunately, most biology (pre-university) teachers have no opinion on whether species are real or conceptual, simply because they have never been taught the question themselves, but rather one answer they still pass on to their students today, learned by heart without ever thinking about it. Species are either real or conceptual and, in my opinion, it is this “or” that we should teach about. Only then can we discuss those fundamental questions such as who or what is selected, who or what evolves and, finally, what is biodiversity and phylogenetics all about? Individuals related to each other by the tree of life.
KW - biospecies
KW - species as individuals
KW - species as natural kinds
KW - species concept
KW - species problem
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241052
SN - 2079-7737
VL - 10
IS - 6
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gerner, Bettina
A1 - Scherf-Clavel, Oliver
T1 - Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of Cabozantinib to simulate enterohepatic recirculation, drug−drug interaction with Rifampin and liver impairment
JF - Pharmaceutics
N2 - Cabozantinib (CAB) is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of several cancer types. Enterohepatic recirculation (EHC) of the substance is assumed but has not been further investigated yet. CAB is mainly metabolized via CYP3A4 and is susceptible for drug–drug interactions (DDI). The goal of this work was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to investigate EHC, to simulate DDI with Rifampin and to simulate subjects with hepatic impairment. The model was established using PK-Sim® and six human clinical studies. The inclusion of an EHC process into the model led to the most accurate description of the pharmacokinetic behavior of CAB. The model was able to predict plasma concentrations with low bias and good precision. Ninety-seven percent of all simulated plasma concentrations fell within 2-fold of the corresponding concentration observed. Maximum plasma concentration (C\(_{max}\)) and area under the curve (AUC) were predicted correctly (predicted/observed ratio of 0.9–1.2 for AUC and 0.8–1.1 for C\(_{max}\)). DDI with Rifampin led to a reduction in predicted AUC by 77%. Several physiological parameters were adapted to simulate hepatic impairment correctly. This is the first CAB model used to simulate DDI with Rifampin and hepatic impairment including EHC, which can serve as a starting point for further simulations with regard to special populations.
KW - physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling
KW - Cabozantinib
KW - enterohepatic recirculation
KW - drug–drug interactions (DDIs)
KW - liver impairment
KW - cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
KW - pharmacokinetics
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239661
SN - 1999-4923
VL - 13
IS - 6
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Horder, Hannes
A1 - Guaza Lasheras, Mar
A1 - Grummel, Nadine
A1 - Nadernezhad, Ali
A1 - Herbig, Johannes
A1 - Ergün, Süleyman
A1 - Teßmar, Jörg
A1 - Groll, Jürgen
A1 - Fabry, Ben
A1 - Bauer-Kreisel, Petra
A1 - Blunk, Torsten
T1 - Bioprinting and differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cell spheroids for a 3D breast cancer-adipose tissue model
JF - Cells
N2 - Biofabrication, including printing technologies, has emerged as a powerful approach to the design of disease models, such as in cancer research. In breast cancer, adipose tissue has been acknowledged as an important part of the tumor microenvironment favoring tumor progression. Therefore, in this study, a 3D-printed breast cancer model for facilitating investigations into cancer cell-adipocyte interaction was developed. First, we focused on the printability of human adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) spheroids in an extrusion-based bioprinting setup and the adipogenic differentiation within printed spheroids into adipose microtissues. The printing process was optimized in terms of spheroid viability and homogeneous spheroid distribution in a hyaluronic acid-based bioink. Adipogenic differentiation after printing was demonstrated by lipid accumulation, expression of adipogenic marker genes, and an adipogenic ECM profile. Subsequently, a breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) compartment was printed onto the adipose tissue constructs. After nine days of co-culture, we observed a cancer cell-induced reduction of the lipid content and a remodeling of the ECM within the adipose tissues, with increased fibronectin, collagen I and collagen VI expression. Together, our data demonstrate that 3D-printed breast cancer-adipose tissue models can recapitulate important aspects of the complex cell–cell and cell–matrix interplay within the tumor-stroma microenvironment
KW - adipose-derived stromal cells
KW - adipose tissue
KW - bioprinting
KW - breast cancer model
KW - extracellular matrix
KW - hyaluronic acid
KW - spheroids
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236496
VL - 10
IS - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wagner, Nicole
A1 - Mott, Kristina
A1 - Upcin, Berin
A1 - Stegner, David
A1 - Schulze, Harald
A1 - Ergün, Süleyman
T1 - CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells direct megakaryocyte protrusions across the bone marrow sinusoid wall
JF - Cells
N2 - Megakaryocytes (MKs) release platelets into the lumen of bone marrow (BM) sinusoids while remaining to reside within the BM. The morphogenetic events of this complex process are still not fully understood. We combined confocal laser scanning microscopy with transmission and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy followed by 3D-reconstruction on mouse BM tissue sections. These analyses revealed that MKs in close vicinity to BM sinusoid (BMS) wall first induce the lateral retraction of CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells (CAR), followed by basal lamina (BL) degradation enabling direct MK-sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) interaction. Subsequently, an endothelial engulfment starts that contains a large MK protrusion. Then, MK protrusions penetrate the SEC, transmigrate into the BMS lumen and form proplatelets that are in direct contact to the SEC surface. Furthermore, such processes are induced on several sites, as observed by 3D reconstructions. Our data demonstrate that MKs in interaction with CAR-cells actively induce BMS wall alterations, including CAR-cell retraction, BL degradation, and SEC engulfment containing a large MK protrusion. This results in SEC penetration enabling the migration of MK protrusion into the BMS lumen where proplatelets that are adherent to the luminal SEC surface are formed and contribute to platelet release into the blood circulation.
KW - megakaryocytes
KW - microvasculature
KW - CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR)-cells
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234180
SN - 2073-4409
VL - 10
IS - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Andelovic, Kristina
A1 - Winter, Patrick
A1 - Jakob, Peter Michael
A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang Rudolf
A1 - Herold, Volker
A1 - Zernecke, Alma
T1 - Evaluation of plaque characteristics and inflammation using magnetic resonance imaging
JF - Biomedicines
N2 - Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries, characterized by the growth of atherosclerotic lesions (plaques). These plaques often develop at inner curvatures of arteries, branchpoints, and bifurcations, where the endothelial wall shear stress is low and oscillatory. In conjunction with other processes such as lipid deposition, biomechanical factors lead to local vascular inflammation and plaque growth. There is also evidence that low and oscillatory shear stress contribute to arterial remodeling, entailing a loss in arterial elasticity and, therefore, an increased pulse-wave velocity. Although altered shear stress profiles, elasticity and inflammation are closely intertwined and critical for plaque growth, preclinical and clinical investigations for atherosclerosis mostly focus on the investigation of one of these parameters only due to the experimental limitations. However, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been demonstrated to be a potent tool which can be used to provide insights into a large range of biological parameters in one experimental session. It enables the evaluation of the dynamic process of atherosclerotic lesion formation without the need for harmful radiation. Flow-sensitive MRI provides the assessment of hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress and pulse wave velocity which may replace invasive and radiation-based techniques for imaging of the vascular
function and the characterization of early plaque development. In combination with inflammation imaging, the analyses and correlations of these parameters could not only significantly advance basic preclinical investigations of atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression, but also the diagnostic clinical evaluation for early identification of high-risk plaques, which are prone to rupture. In this review, we summarize the key applications of magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of plaque characteristics through flow sensitive and morphological measurements. The simultaneous measurements of functional and structural parameters will further preclinical research on atherosclerosis and has the potential to fundamentally improve the detection of inflammation and vulnerable plaques in patients.
KW - atherosclerosis
KW - mouse models
KW - wall shear stress
KW - pulse wave velocity
KW - arterial elasticity
KW - inflammation
KW - magnetic resonance imaging
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228839
SN - 2227-9059
VL - 9
IS - 2
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Othman, Eman M.
A1 - Fathy, Moustafa
A1 - Bekhit, Amany Abdlrehim
A1 - Abdel-Razik, Abdel-Razik H.
A1 - Jamal, Arshad
A1 - Nazzal, Yousef
A1 - Shams, Shabana
A1 - Dandekar, Thomas
A1 - Naseem, Muhammad
T1 - Modulatory and toxicological perspectives on the effects of the small molecule kinetin
JF - Molecules
N2 - Plant hormones are small regulatory molecules that exert pharmacological actions in mammalian cells such as anti-oxidative and pro-metabolic effects. Kinetin belongs to the group of plant hormones cytokinin and has been associated with modulatory functions in mammalian cells. The mammalian adenosine receptor (A2a-R) is known to modulate multiple physiological responses in animal cells. Here, we describe that kinetin binds to the adenosine receptor (A2a-R) through the Asn253 residue in an adenosine dependent manner. To harness the beneficial effects of kinetin for future human use, we assess its acute toxicity by analyzing different biochemical and histological markers in rats. Kinetin at a dose below 1 mg/kg had no adverse effects on the serum level of glucose or on the activity of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes in the kinetin treated rats. Whereas, creatinine levels increased after a kinetin treatment at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Furthermore, 5 mg/kg treated kinetin rats showed normal renal corpuscles, but a mild degeneration was observed in the renal glomeruli and renal tubules, as well as few degenerated hepatocytes were also observed in the liver. Kinetin doses below 5 mg/kg did not show any localized toxicity in the liver and kidney tissues. In addition to unraveling the binding interaction between kinetin and A2a-R, our findings suggest safe dose limits for the future use of kinetin as a therapeutic and modulatory agent against various pathophysiological conditions.
KW - cytokinin kinetin
KW - modulatory effects
KW - in vivo toxicity
KW - A2a-R receptor
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223064
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 26
IS - 3
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yuan, Yijun
A1 - Borrmann, Dorit
A1 - Hou, Jiawei
A1 - Ma, Yuexin
A1 - Nüchter, Andreas
A1 - Schwertfeger, Sören
T1 - Self-Supervised point set local descriptors for Point Cloud Registration
JF - Sensors
N2 - Descriptors play an important role in point cloud registration. The current state-of-the-art resorts to the high regression capability of deep learning. However, recent deep learning-based descriptors require different levels of annotation and selection of patches, which make the model hard to migrate to new scenarios. In this work, we learn local registration descriptors for point clouds
in a self-supervised manner. In each iteration of the training, the input of the network is merely one unlabeled point cloud. Thus, the whole training requires no manual annotation and manual selection of patches. In addition, we propose to involve keypoint sampling into the pipeline, which further improves the performance of our model. Our experiments demonstrate the capability of our self-supervised local descriptor to achieve even better performance than the supervised model, while being easier to train and requiring no data labeling.
KW - point cloud registration
KW - descriptors
KW - self-supervised learning
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223000
SN - 1424-8220
VL - 21
IS - 2
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Blümig, Gabriele
A1 - Werr, Naoka
T1 - S.P.U.T.N.I.K. – ein Schülertutorial im Sinne des Framework : ein Werkstattbericht
JF - O-Bib. Das Offene Bibliotheksjournal
N2 - Die Arbeitsgruppe Informationskompetenz im Bibliotheksverbund Bayern (AGIK Bay) veröffentlichte im Oktober 2020 das interaktive E-Tutorial S.P.U.T.N.I.K. zur Förderung der Informationskompetenz von Schüler*innen der Oberstufe, das sich inhaltlich am Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education orientiert. Der Artikel zeichnet die Entstehung des Tutorials in Kooperation mit Studierenden des Fachbereichs Archiv- und Bibliothekswesen der Hochschule für den öffentlichen Dienst in Bayern nach und skizziert die Herausforderungen bei der finalen Umsetzung durch die Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg. Das Tutorial ist als Moodle- und Ilias-kompatibles SCORM-Lernpaket mit vielen interaktiven Quizelementen konzipiert und in fünf Modulen aufgebaut. Es ist online zugänglich und steht zur Nachnutzung innerhalb der DACH-Bibliothekscommunity unter einer Creative Commons Lizenz bereit.
N2 - In October 2020 the Working Group for Information Literacy of the Bavarian Library Network (AGIK Bay) published the interactive e-tutorial S.P.U.T.N.I.K. to promote the information literacy of high school students. Its content is based on the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. The article describes the creation of the tutorial in cooperation with students from the Department of Archive Management and Library Science at the University of Applied Sciences for Public Service in Bavaria and outlines the challenges in the final implementation by the University Library of Würzburg. The tutorial is designed as a Moodle- and Ilias-compatible SCORM learning package with many interactive quiz elements and consists of five independent modules. The tutorial is accessible online and is available for re-use within the German-speaking library community as it has been published under a Creative Commons License.
KW - Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education
KW - Schwellenkonzepte
KW - Schülertutorial
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245702
VL - 8
IS - 2
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Blümig, Gabriele
A1 - Klein, Diana
A1 - Wolf, Simone
T1 - Das Framework und die Erstsemesterstudierenden der Medizin : ein Erfahrungsbericht aus der Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg
JF - O-Bib. Das Offene Bibliotheksjournal
N2 - Dieser Artikel schildert die Neukonzeption eines Kurses für Erstsemesterstudierende der Medizin an der Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg unter Einbeziehung des Frameworks for Information Literacy for Higher Education (im Folgenden Framework genannt). Nach einleitenden Bemerkungen zur Theorie der Schwellenkonzepte und zum Framework selbst steht der Kursinhalt mit den dazugehörigen Frames, Knowledge Practices und Dispositions im Fokus. Die Auswertung der Evaluation und ein Ausblick auf die Umsetzung des Kurses in der coronabedingten digitalen Lehre bilden den Schluss.
N2 - This article describes the design of a new one-shot information literacy session for students of medicine in the first semester at the University Library Würzburg. After giving a short introduction into the threshold concept and the theoretical background of the Frameworks for Information Literacy for Higher Education (Framework) we focus on the content of the course in terms of frames, knowledge practices and dispositions. Finally we analyse the evaluation outcomes and show how we transfor-med the session into an e-learning-based course.
KW - Informationskompetenz
KW - Information Literacy
KW - Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education
KW - Medizinstudium
KW - Erstsemester
KW - Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten
KW - Literaturrecherche
KW - Bibliothekskurs
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245687
VL - 8
IS - 2
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ye, Mingyu
A1 - Wilhelm, Martina
A1 - Gentschev, Ivaylo
A1 - Szalay, Aladár
T1 - A modified limiting dilution method for monoclonal stable cell line selection using a real-time fluorescence imaging system: A practical workflow and advanced applications
JF - Methods and Protocols
N2 - Stable cell lines are widely used in laboratory research and pharmaceutical industry. They are mainly applied in recombinant protein and antibody productions, gene function studies, drug screens, toxicity assessments, and for cancer therapy investigation. There are two types of cell lines, polyclonal and monoclonal origin, that differ regarding their homogeneity and heterogeneity. Generating a high-quality stable cell line, which can grow continuously and carry a stable genetic modification without alteration is very important for most studies, because polyclonal cell lines of multicellular origin can be highly variable and unstable and lead to inconclusive experimental results. The most commonly used technologies of single cell originate monoclonal stable cell isolation in laboratory are fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) sorting and limiting dilution cloning. Here, we describe a modified limiting dilution method of monoclonal stable cell line selection using the real-time fluorescence imaging system IncuCyte\(^®\)S3.
KW - monoclonal stable cell
KW - limiting dilution cloning
KW - ncuCyte\(^®\)S3
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228896
VL - 4
IS - 1
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Philipp, Marius
A1 - Dietz, Andreas
A1 - Buchelt, Sebastian
A1 - Kuenzer, Claudia
T1 - Trends in satellite earth observation for permafrost related analyses — A review
JF - Remote Sensing
N2 - Climate change and associated Arctic amplification cause a degradation of permafrost which in turn has major implications for the environment. The potential turnover of frozen ground from a carbon sink to a carbon source, eroding coastlines, landslides, amplified surface deformation and endangerment of human infrastructure are some of the consequences connected with thawing permafrost. Satellite remote sensing is hereby a powerful tool to identify and monitor these features and processes on a spatially explicit, cheap, operational, long-term basis and up to circum-Arctic scale. By filtering after a selection of relevant keywords, a total of 325 articles from 30 international journals published during the last two decades were analyzed based on study location, spatio-
temporal resolution of applied remote sensing data, platform, sensor combination and studied environmental focus for a comprehensive overview of past achievements, current efforts, together with future challenges and opportunities. The temporal development of publication frequency, utilized platforms/sensors and the addressed environmental topic is thereby highlighted. The total
number of publications more than doubled since 2015. Distinct geographical study hot spots were revealed, while at the same time large portions of the continuous permafrost zone are still only sparsely covered by satellite remote sensing investigations. Moreover, studies related to Arctic greenhouse gas emissions in the context of permafrost degradation appear heavily underrepresented.
New tools (e.g., Google Earth Engine (GEE)), methodologies (e.g., deep learning or data fusion etc.)and satellite data (e.g., the Methane Remote Sensing LiDAR Mission (Merlin) and the Sentinel-fleet)will thereby enable future studies to further investigate the distribution of permafrost, its thermal state and its implications on the environment such as thermokarst features and greenhouse gas emission rates on increasingly larger spatial and temporal scales.
KW - satellite remote sensing
KW - permafrost
KW - degradation
KW - thaw
KW - thermokarst
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234198
VL - 13
IS - 6
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weiß, Martin
A1 - Hein, Grit
A1 - Hewig, Johannes
T1 - Between joy and sympathy: Smiling and sad recipient faces increase prosocial behavior in the dictator game
JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
N2 - In human interactions, the facial expression of a bargaining partner may contain relevant information that affects prosocial decisions. We were interested in whether facial expressions of the recipient in the dictator game influence dictators´ ehavior. To test this, we conducted an online study (n = 106) based on a modified version of a dictator game. The dictators allocated money between themselves and another person (recipient), who had no possibility to respond to the dictator.
Importantly, before the allocation decision, the dictator was presented with the facial expression of the recipient (angry, disgusted, sad, smiling, or neutral). The results showed that dictators sent more money to recipients with sad or smiling facial expressions and less to recipients with angry or disgusted facial expressions compared with a neutral facial expression. Moreover, based on the sequential analysis of the decision and the interaction partner in the preceding trial, we found that decision-making depends upon previous interactions.
KW - emotional influence
KW - dictator game
KW - facial expression
KW - social decision-making
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241106
VL - 18
IS - 11
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Upcin, Berin
A1 - Henke, Erik
A1 - Kleefeldt, Florian
A1 - Hoffmann, Helene
A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas
A1 - Irmak-Sav, Ster
A1 - Aktas, Huseyin Bertal
A1 - Rückschloß, Uwe
A1 - Ergün, Süleyman
T1 - Contribution of adventitia-derived stem and progenitor cells to new vessel formation in tumors
JF - Cells
N2 - Blocking tumor vascularization has not yet come to fruition to the extent it was hoped for, as angiogenesis inhibitors have shown only partial success in the clinic. We hypothesized that under- appreciated vascular wall-resident stem and progenitor cells (VW-SPCs) might be involved in tumor vascularization and influence effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapy. Indeed, in patient samples, we observed that vascular adventitia-resident CD34\(^+\) VW-SPCs are recruited to tumors in situ from co-opted vessels. To elucidate this in detail, we established an ex vivo model using concomitant embedding of multi-cellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and mouse aortic rings (ARs) into collagen
gels, similar to the so-called aortic ring assay (ARA). Moreover, ARA was modified by removing the ARs’ adventitia that harbors VW-SPCs. Thus, this model enabled distinguishing the contribution of VW-SPCs from that of mature endothelial cells (ECs) to new vessel formation. Our results show that the formation of capillary-like sprouts is considerably delayed, and their number and network formation were significantly reduced by removing the adventitia. Substituting iPSC-derived neural spheroids for MCTS resulted in distinct sprouting patterns that were also strongly influenced by the
presence or absence of VW-SPCs, also underlying the involvement of these cells in non-pathological vascularization. Our data suggest that more comprehensive approaches are needed in order to block all of the mechanisms contributing to tumor vascularization.
KW - vascularization model
KW - tumor spheroids
KW - vascular wall stem and progenitor cells
KW - aortic adventitia
KW - vasculogenesis
KW - tumor-vessel wall-interface model
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242577
VL - 10
IS - 7
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Drenckhahn, Detlev
T1 - Zur Vegetation der Seedeiche der Nordseeküste Schleswig-Holsteins − Implikationen für die Umsetzung des Generalplans Küstenschutz
T1 - On the vegetation of the sea dikes of the North Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein − Implications for the implementation of the General Plan for Coastal Protection
JF - Forum Geobotanicum
N2 - Bis zum Jahr 2100 prognostiziert der Weltklimarat (IPCC 2021) einen Anstieg des Meeresspiegels von bis zu 63-101 cm gegenüber heutigen Wasserständen. Im Rahmen des Generalplans Küstenschutz Schleswig-Holstein(GKSH) soll als Klimafolgeanpassung eine Erhöhung und Profiländerung der meisten Nordseedeiche und Elbedeiche erfolgen (zusammen 363,3 km mit einer Vegetationsfläche von 3.500 ha). Diese Maßnahmen werden mit einem vollständigen Verlust der alten Deichvegetation einhergehen und zur Freisetzung von großen Mengen an CO₂ aus dem Bodenkohlenstoff führen. Die Seedeiche der Nordseeküste (262 km) zählen zu den artenreichen, semi-natürlichen und von Schafen beweideten Grasländern (Fläche von 2600 ha) in Schleswig-Holstein mit bis zu 18 Gras- und 64 zweikeim-blättrigen Blütenpflanzen und an die Vegetation gebundene 800-1000 Arten von Invertebraten (darunter 200 Käferarten). Auf die Außenböschung dringen Pflanzen der Salzwiesengesellschaften vor. Die steileren, wärmeexponierten (überwiegend nach Osten und Süden ausgerichtet) und durch Vertritt lückigen Innenböschungen der Seedeiche sind wertvolle Refugien wärmeliebender, konkurrenzschwacher Arten von Magerstandorten und Trittgesellschaften wie die folgenden mediterran-subatlantischen Arten: Knotenklettenkerbel (Torilis nodosa), Zwergklee/Armblütiger Klee (Trifolium micranthum) und Vogelfußklee (Trifolium ornithopodioides). Für die Erhaltung beider Kleearten (die aktuelle Verbreitung wird dokumentiert) besitzt Schleswig-Holstein eine nationale und nordwest-europäisch-kontinentale Verantwortlichkeit. Folgende Maßnahmen zum Schutz der reichhaltigen Deichvegetation und Teilen seiner Invertebratenfauna bei der Deichverstärkung im Rahmen des GKSH werden vorgeschlagen: 1. Abheben der Grasnarbe mit Wurzelraum und zeitnahe Wiederverlegung der alten Grasnarbe (Soden) auf das neue Deichprofil; das ist auch wichtig zum Erhalt des Bodenkohlenstoffs (Klimaschutz). 2. Einsaat von neuen Deichprofilen mit Saatgut von artenreichen Deichabschnitten. 3. Aufnahme substanzieller Forschungsprogramme/Forschungsförderung zur Ökologie der Seedeiche. Weiterhin sollte auf den Einsatz von Herbiziden auf Deichen zur Bekämpfung von Disteln verzichtet werden.
N2 - Climate change is expected by the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC 2021) to cause a rise in the sea level of up to 63-101 cm by 2100. The general plan for coastal protection in Schleswig-Holstein (GKSH) is to increase in the height of most of the North Sea-dikes and dikes of River Elbe (together 363.3 km with a vegetation cover of ca. 3,500 ha). These actions will be accompanied by a complete loss of old dike vegetation and will result in the release of large amounts of CO₂ from soil carbon. The sea dikes of the North Sea coast (262 km) are covered by a diverse semi-natural grassland (area of 2,600 ha) grazed by sheep and comprising up to 18 grass species, 64 dicotyledonous flowering plant species and 800-1000 invertebrate species (among them 200 beetle species). Plants of the salt marsh communities invade the vegetation on the lower outer slopes. The steeper, warmer, drier and wind-protected inner slopes of the sea dikes (oriented mainly to the East and South) contain frequent ground injuries (by sheep claws) and are preferentially settled by thermophilic and less competitive species such as the following Mediterranean-Subatlantic plants: Knotted hedgeparsley (Torilis nodosa), the rare Slender trefoil (Trifolium micranthum) and Bird's-foot clover (Trifolium ornithopodioides) (only natural sites in Germany, red list categories 1 and 2). Schleswig-Holstein has a great responsibility for the survival of these clover species at their continental North-Western boundary (the current distribution is documented). The following measures are proposed to protect the rich dike vegetation and parts of their invertebrate fauna during dike strengthening within the GKSH: 1. lifting of the turf with root space and re-laying of the old turf (sods) on the new dike profile which is also important for protection of soil carbon storage (climate protection). 2. Seeding of new dike profiles with seeds from species-rich dike sections. 3. Inclusion of substantial research programs/funding on the ecology of sea dikes. Furthermore, the use of herbicides on dikes to control thistles should be avoided.
KW - Sea dikes
KW - biodiversity
KW - climate
KW - Trifolium micranthum
KW - Trifolium ornithopodioides
KW - Seedeich
KW - Vegetation
KW - Küstenschutz
KW - Schleswig-Holstein
KW - Biodiversität
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-243795
UR - http://www.forum-geobotanicum.net/articles/vol_10-2021/drenckhahn_seedeiche/FG---drenckhahn_vegetation_der_seedeiche.pdf
SN - 1867-9315
VL - 10
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pfister, Robert
A1 - Klaffehn, Annika L.
A1 - Kalckert, Andreas
A1 - Kunde, Winfried
A1 - Dignath, David
T1 - How to lose a hand: Sensory updating drives disembodiment
JF - Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
N2 - Body representations are readily expanded based on sensorimotor experience. A dynamic view of body representations, however, holds that these representations cannot only be expanded but that they can also be narrowed down by disembodying elements of the body representation that are no longer warranted. Here we induced illusory ownership in terms of a moving rubber hand illusion and studied the maintenance of this illusion across different conditions. We observed ownership experience to decrease gradually unless participants continued to receive confirmatory multisensory input. Moreover, a single instance of multisensory mismatch – a hammer striking the rubber hand but not the real hand – triggered substantial and immediate disembodiment. Together, these findings support and extend previous theoretical efforts to model body representations through basic mechanisms of multisensory integration. They further support an updating model suggesting that embodied entities fade from the body representation if they are not refreshed continuously.
KW - body representation
KW - embodiment
KW - disembodiment
KW - moving rubber-hand illusion
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235195
SN - 1069-9384
VL - 28
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Muth, Felicitas V.
A1 - Wirth, Robert
A1 - Kunde, Winfried
T1 - Temporal binding past the Libet clock: testing design factors for an auditory timer
JF - Behavior Research Methods
N2 - Voluntary actions and causally linked sensory stimuli are perceived to be shifted towards each other in time. This so-called temporal binding is commonly assessed in paradigms using the Libet Clock. In such experiments, participants have to estimate the timing of actions performed or ensuing sensory stimuli (usually tones) by means of a rotating clock hand presented on a screen. The aforementioned task setup is however ill-suited for many conceivable setups, especially when they involve visual effects. To address this shortcoming, the line of research presented here establishes an alternative measure for temporal binding by using a sequence of timed sounds. This method uses an auditory timer, a sequence of letters presented during task execution, which serve as anchors for temporal judgments. In four experiments, we manipulated four design factors of this auditory timer, namely interval length, interval filling, sequence predictability, and sequence length, to determine the most effective and economic method for measuring temporal binding with an auditory timer.
KW - temporal binding
KW - auditory timer
KW - experimental design
KW - measures
KW - intentional binding
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234922
VL - 53
IS - 3
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hock, Michael
A1 - Terekhov, Maxim
A1 - Stefanescu, Maria Roxana
A1 - Lohr, David
A1 - Herz, Stefan
A1 - Reiter, Theresa
A1 - Ankenbrand, Markus
A1 - Kosmala, Aleksander
A1 - Gassenmaier, Tobias
A1 - Juchem, Christoph
A1 - Schreiber, Laura Maria
T1 - B\(_{0}\) shimming of the human heart at 7T
JF - Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
N2 - Purpose
Inhomogeneities of the static magnetic B\(_{0}\) field are a major limiting factor in cardiac MRI at ultrahigh field (≥ 7T), as they result in signal loss and image distortions. Different magnetic susceptibilities of the myocardium and surrounding tissue in combination with cardiac motion lead to strong spatio‐temporal B\(_{0}\)‐field inhomogeneities, and their homogenization (B0 shimming) is a prerequisite. Limitations of state‐of‐the‐art shimming are described, regional B\(_{0}\) variations are measured, and a methodology for spherical harmonics shimming of the B\(_{0}\) field within the human myocardium is proposed.
Methods
The spatial B\(_{0}\)‐field distribution in the heart was analyzed as well as temporal B\(_{0}\)‐field variations in the myocardium over the cardiac cycle. Different shim region‐of‐interest selections were compared, and hardware limitations of spherical harmonics B\(_{0}\) shimming were evaluated by calibration‐based B0‐field modeling. The role of third‐order spherical harmonics terms was analyzed as well as potential benefits from cardiac phase–specific shimming.
Results
The strongest B\(_{0}\)‐field inhomogeneities were observed in localized spots within the left‐ventricular and right‐ventricular myocardium and varied between systolic and diastolic cardiac phases. An anatomy‐driven shim region‐of‐interest selection allowed for improved B\(_{0}\)‐field homogeneity compared with a standard shim region‐of‐interest cuboid. Third‐order spherical harmonics terms were demonstrated to be beneficial for shimming of these myocardial B\(_{0}\)‐field inhomogeneities. Initial results from the in vivo implementation of a potential shim strategy were obtained. Simulated cardiac phase–specific shimming was performed, and a shim term‐by‐term analysis revealed periodic variations of required currents.
Conclusion
Challenges in state‐of‐the‐art B\(_{0}\) shimming of the human heart at 7 T were described. Cardiac phase–specific shimming strategies were found to be superior to vendor‐supplied shimming.
KW - 7 T
KW - B
KW - cardiac MRI
KW - shimming
KW - ultrahigh field
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218096
VL - 85
IS - 1
SP - 182
EP - 196
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Homburg, Annika
A1 - Weiß, Christian H.
A1 - Alwan, Layth C.
A1 - Frahm, Gabriel
A1 - Göb, Rainer
T1 - A performance analysis of prediction intervals for count time series
JF - Journal of Forecasting
N2 - One of the major motivations for the analysis and modeling of time series data is the forecasting of future outcomes. The use of interval forecasts instead of point forecasts allows us to incorporate the apparent forecast uncertainty. When forecasting count time series, one also has to account for the discreteness of the range, which is done by using coherent prediction intervals (PIs) relying on a count model. We provide a comprehensive performance analysis of coherent PIs for diverse types of count processes. We also compare them to approximate PIs that are computed based on a Gaussian approximation. Our analyses rely on an extensive simulation study. It turns out that the Gaussian approximations do considerably worse than the coherent PIs. Furthermore, special characteristics such as overdispersion, zero inflation, or trend clearly affect the PIs' performance. We conclude by presenting two empirical applications of PIs for count time series: the demand for blood bags in a hospital and the number of company liquidations in Germany.
KW - coherent forecasting
KW - count time series
KW - estimation error
KW - Gaussian approximation
KW - prediction interval
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217906
VL - 40
IS - 4
SP - 603
EP - 609
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vogel, Sebastian
A1 - Bussler, Heinz
A1 - Finnberg, Sven
A1 - Müller, Jörg
A1 - Stengel, Elisa
A1 - Thorn, Simon
T1 - Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches
JF - Insect Conservation and Diversity
N2 - Tree species diversity is important to maintain saproxylic beetle diversity in managed forests. Yet, knowledge about the conservational importance of single tree species and implications for forest management and conservation practices are lacking.
We exposed freshly cut branch‐bundles of 42 tree species, representing tree species native and non‐native to Europe, under sun‐exposed and shaded conditions for 1 year. Afterwards, communities of saproxylic beetles were reared ex situ for 2 years. We tested for the impact of tree species and sun exposure on alpha‐, beta‐, and gamma‐diversity as well as composition of saproxylic beetle communities. Furthermore, the number of colonised tree species by each saproxylic beetle species was determined.
Tree species had a lower impact on saproxylic beetle communities compared to sun exposure. The diversity of saproxylic beetles varied strongly among tree species, with highest alpha‐ and gamma‐diversity found in Quercus petraea. Red‐listed saproxylic beetle species occurred ubiquitously among tree species. We found distinct differences in the community composition of broadleaved and coniferous tree species, native and non‐native tree species as well as sun‐exposed and shaded deadwood.
Our study enhances the understanding of the importance of previously understudied and non‐native tree species for the diversity of saproxylic beetles. To improve conservation practices for saproxylic beetles and especially red‐listed species, we suggest a stronger incorporation of tree species diversity and sun exposure of into forest management strategies, including the enrichment of deadwood from native and with a specific focus on locally rare or silviculturally less important tree species.
KW - deadwood
KW - deadwood enrichment
KW - decay
KW - forest management
KW - host specificity
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218401
VL - 14
IS - 1
SP - 132
EP - 143
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scheiner, Matthias
A1 - Sink, Alexandra
A1 - Spatz, Philipp
A1 - Endres, Erik
A1 - Decker, Michael
T1 - Photopharmacology on Acetylcholinesterase: Novel Photoswitchable Inhibitors with Improved Pharmacological Profiles
JF - ChemPhotoChem
N2 - Considerable effort has previously been invested in a light‐controlled inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). We found that a novel azobenzene‐based bistacrine AChE inhibitor switched faster than the known dithienylethene based bistacrine and inverted the photo‐controlled interactions of the photoisomers compared to its dithienylethene congener. Furthermore, we have optimized a previously described light‐controlled tacrine‐based AChE inhibitor. Isomerization upon irradiation with UV light of the novel inhibitor was observed in aqueous medium and showed no fatigue over several cycles. The cis‐enriched form showed an 8.4‐fold higher inhibition of hAChE compared with its trans‐enriched form and was about 30‐fold more active than the reference compound tacrine with a single‐digit nanomolar inhibition. We went beyond proof‐of‐concept to discover photoswitchable AChE inhibitors with pharmacologically desirable nanomolar inhibition, “cis‐on” effect, and pronounces differences between the photoisomers.
KW - azobenzenes
KW - enzymes
KW - kinetics
KW - photopharmacology
KW - tacrine
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218445
VL - 5
IS - 2
SP - 149
EP - 159
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weinelt, Nadine
A1 - Karathanasis, Christos
A1 - Smith, Sonja
A1 - Medler, Juliane
A1 - Malkusch, Sebastian
A1 - Fulda, Simone
A1 - Wajant, Harald
A1 - Heilemann, Mike
A1 - van Wijk, Sjoerd J. L.
T1 - Quantitative single‐molecule imaging of TNFR1 reveals zafirlukast as antagonist of TNFR1 clustering and TNFα‐induced NF‐ĸB signaling
JF - Journal of Leukocyte Biology
N2 - TNFR1 is a crucial regulator of NF‐ĸB‐mediated proinflammatory cell survival responses and programmed cell death (PCD). Deregulation of TNFα‐ and TNFR1‐controlled NF‐ĸB signaling underlies major diseases, like cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, although being routinely used, antagonists of TNFα might also affect TNFR2‐mediated processes, so that alternative approaches to directly antagonize TNFR1 are beneficial. Here, we apply quantitative single‐molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) of TNFR1 in physiologic cellular settings to validate and characterize TNFR1 inhibitory substances, exemplified by the recently described TNFR1 antagonist zafirlukast. Treatment of TNFR1‐mEos2 reconstituted TNFR1/2 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with zafirlukast inhibited both ligand‐independent preligand assembly domain (PLAD)‐mediated TNFR1 dimerization as well as TNFα‐induced TNFR1 oligomerization. In addition, zafirlukast‐mediated inhibition of TNFR1 clustering was accompanied by deregulation of acute and prolonged NF‐ĸB signaling in reconstituted TNFR1‐mEos2 MEFs and human cervical carcinoma cells. These findings reveal the necessity of PLAD‐mediated, ligand‐independent TNFR1 dimerization for NF‐ĸB activation, highlight the PLAD as central regulator of TNFα‐induced TNFR1 oligomerization, and demonstrate that TNFR1‐mEos2 MEFs can be used to investigate TNFR1‐antagonizing compounds employing single‐molecule quantification and functional NF‐ĸB assays at physiologic conditions.
KW - Single‐Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM)
KW - Pre‐Ligand Assembly Domain (PLAD)
KW - Cysteine‐Rich Domain (CRD)
KW - CysLTR1
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215960
VL - 109
IS - 2
SP - 363
EP - 371
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rubo, Marius
A1 - Gamer, Matthias
T1 - Stronger reactivity to social gaze in virtual reality compared to a classical laboratory environment
JF - British Journal of Psychology
N2 - People show a robust tendency to gaze at other human beings when viewing images or videos, but were also found to relatively avoid gaze at others in several real‐world situations. This discrepancy, along with theoretical considerations, spawned doubts about the appropriateness of classical laboratory‐based experimental paradigms in social attention research. Several researchers instead suggested the use of immersive virtual scenarios in eliciting and measuring naturalistic attentional patterns, but the field, struggling with methodological challenges, still needs to establish the advantages of this approach. Here, we show using eye‐tracking in a complex social scenario displayed in virtual reality that participants show enhanced attention towards the face of an avatar at near distance and demonstrate an increased reactivity towards her social gaze as compared to participants who viewed the same scene on a computer monitor. The present study suggests that reactive virtual agents observed in immersive virtual reality can elicit natural modes of information processing and can help to conduct ecologically more valid experiments while maintaining high experimental control.
KW - reactive virtual agents
KW - social attention
KW - social gaze
KW - virtual reality
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215972
VL - 112
IS - 1
SP - 301
EP - 314
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kouhestani, Dina
A1 - Geis, Maria
A1 - Alsouri, Saed
A1 - Bumm, Thomas G. P.
A1 - Einsele, Hermann
A1 - Sauer, Markus
A1 - Stuhler, Gernot
T1 - Variant signaling topology at the cancer cell–T-cell interface induced by a two-component T-cell engager
JF - Cellular & Molecular Immunology
N2 - No abstract available.
KW - immunotherapy
KW - tumour immunology
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241189
VL - 18
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Atiyas, Izak
A1 - Doganoglu, Toker
A1 - Inceoglu, Firat
T1 - Upstream Competition with Complex and Unobservable Contracts
JF - Review of Industrial Organization
N2 - This paper examines situations where two vertically integrated firms consider supplying an input to an independent downstream competitor via privately observed contracts. We identify equilibria where competition in the upstream market emerges—the downstream competitor gets supplied—as well as when the downstream firm does not receive the input and is excluded from the market. The likelihood of the outcome in which the downstream firm does not get supplied depends not only on demand parameters, but also on contractual flexibility and observability. We show that when contracts are unobservable, downstream entry will occur less often. Furthermore, our results suggest that permitting contracts that enable the contracting parties to coordinate their behavior in the downstream market may improve welfare by increasing the likelihood that the downstream firm is supplied.
KW - collective refusal to supply
KW - foreclosure
KW - unobservable contracts
KW - upstream competition
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241161
VL - 58
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hensgen, Ronja
A1 - England, Laura
A1 - Homberg, Uwe
A1 - Pfeiffer, Keram
T1 - Neuroarchitecture of the central complex in the brain of the honeybee: Neuronal cell types
JF - Journal of Comparative Neurology
N2 - The central complex (CX) in the insect brain is a higher order integration center that controls a number of behaviors, most prominently goal directed locomotion. The CX comprises the protocerebral bridge (PB), the upper division of the central body (CBU), the lower division of the central body (CBL), and the paired noduli (NO). Although spatial orientation has been extensively studied in honeybees at the behavioral level, most electrophysiological and anatomical analyses have been carried out in other insect species, leaving the morphology and physiology of neurons that constitute the CX in the honeybee mostly enigmatic. The goal of this study was to morphologically identify neuronal cell types of the CX in the honeybee Apis mellifera. By performing iontophoretic dye injections into the CX, we traced 16 subtypes of neuron that connect a subdivision of the CX with other regions in the bee's central brain, and eight subtypes that mainly interconnect different subdivisions of the CX. They establish extensive connections between the CX and the lateral complex, the superior protocerebrum and the posterior protocerebrum. Characterized neuron classes and subtypes are morphologically similar to those described in other insects, suggesting considerable conservation in the neural network relevant for orientation.
KW - RRID: AB_2337244
KW - RRID: AB_2315425
KW - central complex
KW - insect brain
KW - neuroanatomy
KW - sky compass
KW - Apis mellifera
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215566
VL - 529
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brückner, Tobias
A1 - Heß, Merlin
A1 - Stennett, Tom E.
A1 - Rempel, Anna
A1 - Braunschweig, Holger
T1 - Synthesis of Boron Analogues of Enamines via Hydroamination of a Boron-Boron Triple Bond
BT - Dedicated to Professor Wolfgang Kaim on the occasion of his 70th birthday
JF - Angewandte Chemie, International Edition
N2 - An N-heterocyclic-carbene-stabilized diboryne undergoes rapid, high-yielding and catalyst-free hydroamina- tion reactions with primary amines, yielding 1-amino-2-hydro- diborenes, which can be considered boron analogues of enamines. The electronics of the organic substituent at nitrogen influence the structure and further reactivity of the diborene product. With electron-rich anilines, a second hydroamination can occur at the diborene to generate 1,1-diamino-2,2-dihy- drodiboranes. With isopropylamine, the electronic influence of the alkyl substituent upon the diborene leads to an unprece- dented boron-mediated intramolecular N-dearylation reaction of an N-heterocyclic carbene unit.
KW - boron
KW - diborynes
KW - diborenes
KW - DFT
KW - enamines
KW - hydroamination
KW - multiple bonds
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240669
VL - 60
IS - 2
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hoelscher‑Doht, Stefanie
A1 - Kladny, A.-M.
A1 - Paul, M. M.
A1 - Eden, L.
A1 - Buesse, M.
A1 - Meffert, R. H.
T1 - Low-profile double plating versus dorsal LCP in stabilization of the olecranon fractures
JF - Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery
N2 - Introduction
Proximal ulna fractures are common in orthopaedic surgery. Comminuted fractures require a high primary stability by the osteosynthesis, to allow an early functional rehabilitation as fast as possible, to reduce long-term limitations of range of motion. Classical dorsal plating is related to wound healing problems due to the prominence of the implant. New low-profile double plates are available addressing the soft tissue problems by positioning the plates at the medial and lateral side. This study analysed whether, under high loading conditions, these new double plates provide an equivalent stability as compared to the rigid olecranon locking compression plate (LCP).
Materials and methods
In Sawbones, Mayo Type IIB fractures were simulated and stabilized by plate osteosyntheses: In group one, two low-profile plates were placed. In group two, a single dorsal plate (LCP) was used. The bones was than cyclically loaded simulating flexion grades of 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° of the elbow joint with increasing tension forces (150 , 150 , 300 and 500 N). The displacement and fracture gap movement were recorded. In the end, in load-to-failure tests, load at failure and mode of failure were determined.
Results
No significant differences were found for the displacement and fracture gap widening during cyclic loading. Under maximum loading, the double plates revealed a comparable load at failure like the single dorsal plate (LCP). The double plates failed with a proximal screw pull-out of the plate, whereas in the LCP group, in 10 out of 12 specimens the mode of failure was a diaphyseal shaft fracture at the distal plate peak.
Conclusion
Biomechanically, the double plates are a good alternative to the dorsal LCP providing a high stability under high loading conditions and, at the same, time reducing the soft tissue irritation by a lateral plate position.
KW - olecranon
KW - plate
KW - biomechanical
KW - fracture
KW - low profile
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235844
SN - 0936-8051
VL - 145
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Freimann, A.
A1 - Dierkes, M.
A1 - Petermann, T.
A1 - Liman, C.
A1 - Kempf, F.
A1 - Schilling, K.
T1 - ESTNeT: a discrete event simulator for space-terrestrial networks
JF - CEAS Space Journal
N2 - The capabilities of small satellites have improved significantly in recent years. Specifically multi-satellite systems become increasingly popular, since they allow the support of new applications. The development and testing of these multi-satellite systems is a new challenge for engineers and requires the implementation of appropriate development and testing environments. In this paper, a modular network simulation framework for space–terrestrial systems is presented. It enables discrete event simulations for the development and testing of communication protocols, as well as mission-based analysis of other satellite system aspects, such as power supply and attitude control. ESTNeT is based on the discrete event simulator OMNeT++ and will be released under an open source license.
KW - space–terrestrial networks
KW - wireless communication
KW - system simulation
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235835
SN - 1868-2502
VL - 13
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Anton, Sylvia
A1 - Rössler, Wolfgang
T1 - Plasticity and modulation of olfactory circuits in insects
JF - Cell and Tissue Research
N2 - Olfactory circuits change structurally and physiologically during development and adult life. This allows insects to respond to olfactory cues in an appropriate and adaptive way according to their physiological and behavioral state, and to adapt to their specific abiotic and biotic natural environment. We highlight here findings on olfactory plasticity and modulation in various model and non-model insects with an emphasis on moths and social Hymenoptera. Different categories of plasticity occur in the olfactory systems of insects. One type relates to the reproductive or feeding state, as well as to adult age. Another type of plasticity is context-dependent and includes influences of the immediate sensory and abiotic environment, but also environmental conditions during postembryonic development, periods of adult behavioral maturation, and short- and long-term sensory experience. Finally, plasticity in olfactory circuits is linked to associative learning and memory formation. The vast majority of the available literature summarized here deals with plasticity in primary and secondary olfactory brain centers, but also peripheral modulation is treated. The described molecular, physiological, and structural neuronal changes occur under the influence of neuromodulators such as biogenic amines, neuropeptides, and hormones, but the mechanisms through which they act are only beginning to be analyzed.
KW - antenna
KW - antennal lobe
KW - mushroom body
KW - neuromodulation
KW - structural synaptic plasticity
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235820
SN - 0302-766X
VL - 383
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Engert, Jonas
A1 - Rak, Kristen
A1 - Bieniussa, Linsa
A1 - Scholl, Miriam
A1 - Hagen, Rudolf
A1 - Völker, Johannes
T1 - Evaluation of the Neurogenic Potential in the Rat Inferior Colliculus from Early Postnatal Days Until Adulthood
JF - Molecular Neurobiology
N2 - Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been recently identified in the inferior colliculus (IC). These cells are of particular interest, as no casual therapeutic options for impaired neural structures exist. This research project aims to evaluate the neurogenic potential in the rat IC from early postnatal days until adulthood. The IC of rats from postnatal day 6 up to 48 was examined by neurosphere assays and histological sections. In free-floating IC cell cultures, neurospheres formed from animals from early postnatal to adulthood. The amount of generated neurospheres decreased in older ages and increased with the number of cell line passages. Cells in the neurospheres and the histological sections stained positively with NSC markers (Doublecortin, Sox-2, Musashi-1, Nestin, and Atoh1). Dissociated single cells from the neurospheres differentiated and were stained positively for the neural lineage markers β-III-tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin basic protein. In addition, NSC markers (Doublecortin, Sox-2, CDK5R1, and Ascl-1) were investigated by qRT-PCR. In conclusion, a neurogenic potential in the rat IC was detected and evaluated from early postnatal days until adulthood. The identification of NSCs in the rat IC and their age-specific characteristics contribute to a better understanding of the development and the plasticity of the auditory pathway and might be activated for therapeutic use.
KW - central auditory pathway
KW - inferior colliculus
KW - neural progenitor cells
KW - neural stem cells
KW - neurosphere
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235811
SN - 0893-7648
VL - 58
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bartfeld, Sina
T1 - Realizing the potential of organoids — an interview with Hans Clevers
JF - Journal of Molecular Medicine
N2 - No abstract available.
KW - organoids
KW - interview
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235804
SN - Journal of Molecular Medicine
VL - 99
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Genest, F.
A1 - Claußen, L.
A1 - Rak, D.
A1 - Seefried, L.
T1 - Bone mineral density and fracture risk in adult patients with hypophosphatasia
JF - Osteoporosis International
N2 - Summary
In adult hypophosphatasia (HPP) patients, elevated lumbar spine dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) values are associated with markers of disease severity and disease-specific fracture risk while femoral bone mineral density (BMD), being largely unaffected by the disease severity, may still be useful to monitor other causes of increased fracture risk due to low BMD.
Introduction
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder due to deficient activity of the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Clinical manifestation in adult HPP patients is manifold including an increased risk for fractures, but data regarding clinical significance of DXA measurement and associations with fracture risk and disease severity is scarce.
Methods
Retrospective single-center analysis of DXA scans in patients with confirmed HPP (documented mutation, clinical symptoms, low alkaline phosphatase activity). Further data evaluation included disease-related fractures, laboratory results (alkaline phosphatase, pyridoxalphosphate, phosphoethanolamine), and medical history.
Results
Analysis included 110 patients (84 female, mean age of 46.2 years) of whom 37.3% (n = 41) were harboring two mutations. Average T-Score level at the lumbar spine was − 0.1 (SD 1.9), and mean total hip T-Score was − 1.07 (SD 0.15). Both lower ALP activity and higher substrate levels (pyridoxalphosphate and phosphoethanolamine) were significantly correlated with increased lumbar spine T-Score levels (p < 0.001) while BMD at the hip was not affected by indicators of disease severity. Increased lumbar spine BMD was significantly associated with an increased risk for HPP-related fractures, prevalent in 22 (20%) patients (p < 0.001) with 21 of them having biallelic mutations.
Conclusion
BMD in adult HPP patients is not systematically reduced. Conversely, increased lumbar spine BMD appears to be associated with severely compromised mineralization and increased risk for HPP-related fractures while BMD at the hip appears unaffected by indicators of disease severity, suggesting suitability of this anatomic location for assessing and discerning disorders with increased fracture risk owing to reduced BMD like osteoporosis.
Trial registration number
German register for clinical studies (DRKS00014022)
Date of registration
02/10/2018 – retrospectively registered
KW - bone mineral density
KW - fracture risk
KW - hypophosphatasia
KW - osteoporosis
KW - pseudofracture
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235793
SN - 0937-941X
VL - 32
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Capetian, Philipp
A1 - Roessner, Veit
A1 - Korte, Caroline
A1 - Walitza, Susanne
A1 - Riederer, Franz
A1 - Taurines, Regina
A1 - Gerlach, Manfred
A1 - Moser, Andreas
T1 - Altered urinary tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives in patients with Tourette syndrome: reflection of dopaminergic hyperactivity?
JF - Journal of Neural Transmission
N2 - Tetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs) such as salsolinol (SAL), norsalsolinol (NSAL) and their methylated derivatives N-methyl-norsalsolinol (NMNSAL) and N-methyl-salsolinol (NMSAL), modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission and metabolism in the central nervous system. Dopaminergic neurotransmission is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of chronic tic disorders, such as Tourette syndrome (TS). Therefore, the urinary concentrations of these TIQ derivatives were measured in patients with TS and patients with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (TS + ADHD) compared with controls. Seventeen patients with TS, 12 with TS and ADHD, and 19 age-matched healthy controls with no medication took part in this study. Free levels of NSAL, NMNSAL, SAL, and NMSAL in urine were measured by a two-phase chromatographic approach. Furthermore, individual TIQ concentrations in TS patients were used in receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis to examine the diagnostic value. NSAL concentrations were elevated significantly in TS [434.67 ± 55.4 nmol/l (standard error of mean = S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] and TS + ADHD patients [605.18 ± 170.21 nmol/l (S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] compared with controls [107.02 ± 33.18 nmol/l (S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] and NSAL levels in TS + ADHD patients were elevated significantly in comparison with TS patients (two-way ANOVA, p = 0.017). NSAL demonstrated an AUC of 0.93 ± 0.046 (S.E.M) the highest diagnostic value of all metabolites for the diagnosis of TS. Our results suggest a dopaminergic hyperactivity underlying the pathophysiology of TS and ADHD. In addition, NSAL concentrations in urine may be a potential diagnostic biomarker of TS.
KW - Tourette syndrome
KW - ADHD
KW - tics
KW - biomarkers
KW - tetrahydroisoquinoline derivates
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235771
SN - 0300-9564
VL - 128
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hose, Dorothea
A1 - Schreder, Martin
A1 - Hefner, Jochen
A1 - Bittrich, Max
A1 - Danhof, Sophia
A1 - Strifler, Susanne
A1 - Krauth, Maria-Theresa
A1 - Schoder, Renate
A1 - Gisslinger, Bettina
A1 - Einsele, Hermann
A1 - Gisslinger, Heinz
A1 - Knop, Stefan
T1 - Elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone is a very well tolerated regimen associated with durable remission even in very advanced myeloma: a retrospective study from two academic centers
JF - Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
N2 - Background
The anti-SLAMF7 monoclonal antibody, elotuzumab (elo), plus lenalidomide (len) and dexamethasone (dex) is approved for relapsed/refractory MM in the U.S. and Europe. Recently, a small phase 2 study demonstrated an advantage in progression-free survival (PFS) for elo plus pomalidomide (pom)/dex compared to pom/dex alone and resulted in licensing of this novel triplet combination, but clinical experience is still limited.
Purpose
To analyze the efficacy and safety of elo/pom/dex in a “real world” cohort of patients with advanced MM, we queried the databases of the university hospitals of Würzburg and Vienna.
Findings
We identified 22 patients with a median number of five prior lines of therapy who received elo/pom/dex prior to licensing within an early access program. Patients received a median number of 5 four-week treatment cycles. Median PFS was 6.4 months with 12-month and 18-month PFS rates of 35% and 28%, respectively. The overall response rate was 50% and 64% of responding patients who achieved a longer PFS with elo/pom/dex compared to their most recent line of therapy. Objective responses were also seen in five patients who had been pretreated with pomalidomide. Low tumor burden was associated with improved PFS (13.5 months for patients with ISS stage I/II at study entry v 6.4 months for ISS III), although this difference did not reach statistical significance. No infusion-related reactions were reported. The most frequent grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia and pneumonia.
Conclusion
Elo/pom/dex is an active and well-tolerated regimen in highly advanced MM even after pretreatment with pomalidomide.
KW - multiple myeloma
KW - elotuzumab
KW - SLAMF7
KW - pomalidomide
KW - lenalidomide
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235762
SN - 0171-5216
VL - 147
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Boelch, Sebastian P.
A1 - Gurok, Anna
A1 - Gilbert, Fabian
A1 - Weißenberger, Manuel
A1 - Rudert, Maximilian
A1 - Barthel, Thomas
A1 - Reppenhagen, Stephan
T1 - Why compromise the patella? Five-year follow-up results of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with soft tissue patellar fixation
JF - International Orthopaedics
N2 - Purpose
This study investigates the redislocation rate and functional outcome at a minimum follow-up of five years after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction with soft tissue patellar fixation for patella instability.
Methods
Patients were retrospectively identified and knees were evaluated for trochlea dysplasia according to Dejour, for presence of patella alta and for presence of cartilage lesion at surgery. At a minimum follow-up of five years, information about an incident of redislocation was obtained. Kujala, Lysholm, and Tegner questionnaires as well as range of motion were used to measure functional outcome.
Results
Eighty-nine knees were included. Follow-up rate for redislocation was 79.8% and for functional outcome 58.4%. After a mean follow-up of 5.8 years, the redislocation rate was 5.6%. There was significant improvement of the Kujala score (68.8 to 88.2, p = 0.000) and of the Lysholm score (71.3 to 88.4, p = 0.000). Range of motion at follow-up was 149.0° (115–165). 77.5% of the knees had patella alta and 52.9% trochlear dysplasia types B, C, or D. Patellar cartilage legions were present in 54.2%. Redislocations occurred in knees with trochlear dysplasia type C in combination with patella alta.
Conclusion
MPFL reconstruction with soft tissue patellar fixation leads to significant improvement of knee function and low midterm redislocation rate. Patients with high-grade trochlear dysplasia should be considered for additional osseous correction.
KW - MPFL
KW - medial patellofemoral ligament
KW - patella instability
KW - patella dislocation
KW - trochlear dysplasia
KW - patella alta
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235751
SN - 0341-2695
VL - 45
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wannagat, Wienke
A1 - Waizenegger, Gesine
A1 - Niedling, Gerhild
T1 - Coherence formation during narrative text processing: a comparison between auditory and audiovisual text presentation in 9- to 12-year-old children
JF - Cognitive Processing
N2 - In an experiment with 114 children aged 9–12 years, we compared the ability to establish local and global coherence of narrative texts between auditory and audiovisual (auditory text and pictures) presentation. The participants listened to a series of short narrative texts, in each of which a protagonist pursued a goal. Following each text, we collected the response time to a query word that was either associated with a near or a distant causal antecedent of the final sentence. Analysis of these response times indicated that audiovisual presentation has advantages over auditory presentation for accessing information relevant for establishing both local and global coherence, but there are indications that this effect may be slightly more pronounced for global coherence.
KW - text comprehension
KW - multimodal narratives
KW - coherence
KW - children
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235744
SN - 1612-4782
VL - 22
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Seufert, Michael
T1 - Statistical methods and models based on quality of experience distributions
JF - Quality and User Experience
N2 - Due to biased assumptions on the underlying ordinal rating scale in subjective Quality of Experience (QoE) studies, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)-based evaluations provide results, which are hard to interpret and can be misleading. This paper proposes to consider the full QoE distribution for evaluating, reporting, and modeling QoE results instead of relying on MOS-based metrics derived from results based on ordinal rating scales. The QoE distribution can be represented in a concise way by using the parameters of a multinomial distribution without losing any information about the underlying QoE ratings, and even keeps backward compatibility with previous, biased MOS-based results. Considering QoE results as a realization of a multinomial distribution allows to rely on a well-established theoretical background, which enables meaningful evaluations also for ordinal rating scales. Moreover, QoE models based on QoE distributions keep detailed information from the results of a QoE study of a technical system, and thus, give an unprecedented richness of insights into the end users’ experience with the technical system. In this work, existing and novel statistical methods for QoE distributions are summarized and exemplary evaluations are outlined. Furthermore, using the novel concept of quality steps, simulative and analytical QoE models based on QoE distributions are presented and showcased. The goal is to demonstrate the fundamental advantages of considering QoE distributions over MOS-based evaluations if the underlying rating data is ordinal in nature.
KW - statistical methods
KW - quality of experience
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235733
SN - 2366-0139
VL - 6
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bohnert, Simone
A1 - Reinert, Christoph
A1 - Trella, Stefanie
A1 - Schmitz, Werner
A1 - Ondruschka, Benjamin
A1 - Bohnert, Michael
T1 - Metabolomics in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics: a state-of-the-art method to interpret central nervous system–related pathological processes
JF - International Journal of Legal Medicine
N2 - In the last few years, quantitative analysis of metabolites in body fluids using LC/MS has become an established method in laboratory medicine and toxicology. By preparing metabolite profiles in biological specimens, we are able to understand pathophysiological mechanisms at the biochemical and thus the functional level. An innovative investigative method, which has not yet been used widely in the forensic context, is to use the clinical application of metabolomics. In a metabolomic analysis of 41 samples of postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples divided into cohorts of four different causes of death, namely, cardiovascular fatalities, isoIated torso trauma, traumatic brain injury, and multi-organ failure, we were able to identify relevant differences in the metabolite profile between these individual groups. According to this preliminary assessment, we assume that information on biochemical processes is not gained by differences in the concentration of individual metabolites in CSF, but by a combination of differently distributed metabolites forming the perspective of a new generation of biomarkers for diagnosing (fatal) TBI and associated neuropathological changes in the CNS using CSF samples.
KW - CSF
KW - cerebrospinal fluid
KW - forensic neuropathology
KW - forensic neurotraumatology
KW - biomarker
KW - metabolomics
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235724
SN - 0937-9827
VL - 135
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zetzl, Teresa
A1 - Renner, Agnes
A1 - Pittig, Andre
A1 - Jentschke, Elisabeth
A1 - Roch, Carmen
A1 - van Oorschot, Birgitt
T1 - Yoga effectively reduces fatigue and symptoms of depression in patients with different types of cancer
JF - Supportive Care in Cancer
N2 - Purpose
Examine the effects of an 8-week yoga therapy on fatigue in patients with different types of cancer.
Methods
A total of 173 cancer patients suffering from mild to severe fatigue were randomly allocated to yoga intervention (n = 84) (IG) versus waitlist control group (CG) (n = 88). Yoga therapy consisted of eight weekly sessions with 60 min each. The primary outcome was self-reported fatigue symptoms. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life (QoL). Data were assessed using questionnaires before (T0) and after yoga therapy for IG versus waiting period for CG (T1).
Results
A stronger reduction of general fatigue (P = .033), physical fatigue (P = .048), and depression (P < .001) as well as a stronger increase in QoL (P = .002) was found for patients who attended 7 or 8 sessions compared with controls. Within the yoga group, both higher attendance rate and lower T0-fatigue were significant predictors of lower T1-fatigue (P ≤ .001). Exploratory results revealed that women with breast cancer report a higher reduction of fatigue than women with other types of cancer (P = .016) after yoga therapy.
Conclusion
The findings support the assumption that yoga therapy is useful to reduce cancer-related fatigue, especially for the physical aspects of fatigue. Women with breast cancer seem to benefit most, and higher attendance rate results in greater reduction of fatigue.
Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016034
KW - yoga
KW - complementary alternative medicine
KW - mind-body intervention
KW - fatigue
KW - depression
KW - quality of live
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235415
SN - 0941-4355
VL - 29
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Klemmt, Chantal
A1 - König, Sarah
T1 - Situational Judgement Test als Unterrichtsmethode für die kritische Diskussion zu wissenschaftlicher Praxis und Fehlverhalten
T1 - Situational judgement test as teaching method for the critical discussion on scientific practice and misconduct
JF - Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift
N2 - Wissenschaftskompetenz ist eine Schlüsselqualifikation für jede ärztliche Tätigkeit und sollte ebenso wie die Auseinandersetzung mit Entscheidungsprozessen von Beginn an ins Medizinstudium integriert werden. Ziel der Studie war, die Themen der guten wissenschaftlichen Praxis und des wissenschaftlichen Fehlverhaltens zu vermitteln. Ferner wurde durch die methodische Intervention „Gruppendiskussion“ eine Reflexion im Kontext der wissenschaftlichen Angemessenheit herbeigeführt. Hierfür wurde der Situational Judgement Test (SJT) von den Studierenden (N = 743) (individuell und in der Gruppe) bearbeitet, und dessen Resultate wurden mit den Antworten von Expert/innen/en (N = 23) verglichen. Nach der Gruppendiskussion näherten sich die Ergebnisse in der Verteilung und Reihenfolge den Antwortmöglichkeiten der Expert/innen/en an. Jedoch tendierten die Studierenden signifikant häufiger zu jenen Antworten, die hilfesuchende, passive und verantwortungsübertragende Optionen bedeuteten. Insgesamt hat sich der SJT als didaktische Intervention bewährt. Die Studierenden setzten sich aktiv mit den Themen auseinander, eine Diskussion konnte angeregt und das eigene Verhalten kritisch reflektiert werden.
N2 - Scientific competence and decision-making processes are key qualifications in undergraduate medical education and should be integrated into medical studies from the very beginning. The aim of the study was to convey the topics of good scientific practice and scientific misconduct. Furthermore, the methodological intervention “group discussion” enabled a productive reflection in the context of scientific appropriateness. For this purpose, the situational judgement test (SJT) was employed at different didactic activity levels of students (N = 743) (individually and as a group). The rating results were compared with the answers of experts (N = 23). Following group discussions, the answers of students shifted (distribution and order of answer options) towards those of the experts; however, students were more likely to choose response options that implied seeking help, allowing a passive stance and transferring responsibility. Overall, the SJT was a successful didactic intervention. The students actively reviewed the topics, discussed the subjects deeply and thereby critically reflected their own behavior.
KW - Medizinische Ausbildung
KW - Wissenschaftskompetenz
KW - Gruppendiskussion
KW - Formative Prüfung
KW - Entscheidungsfindung
KW - medical education
KW - scientific competency
KW - group discussions
KW - fromative assessment
KW - decision making
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235304
SN - 0043-5341
VL - 171
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herbort, Oliver
A1 - Krause, Lisa-Marie
A1 - Kunde, Wilfried
T1 - Perspective determines the production and interpretation of pointing gestures
JF - Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
N2 - Pointing is a ubiquitous means of communication. Nevertheless, observers systematically misinterpret the location indicated by pointers. We examined whether these misunderstandings result from the typically different viewpoints of pointers and observers. Participants either pointed themselves or interpreted points while assuming the pointer’s or a typical observer perspective in a virtual reality environment. The perspective had a strong effect on the relationship between pointing gestures and referents, whereas the task had only a minor influence. This suggests that misunderstandings between pointers and observers primarily result from their typically different viewpoints.
KW - pointing gestures
KW - pointing production and interpretation
KW - deictic reference
KW - virtual reality
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235293
SN - 1069-9384
VL - 28
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Konijnenberg, Mark
A1 - Herrmann, Ken
A1 - Kobe, Carsten
A1 - Verburg, Frederik
A1 - Hindorf, Cecilia
A1 - Hustinx, Roland
A1 - Lassmann, Michael
T1 - EANM position paper on article 56 of the Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom (basic safety standards) for nuclear medicine therapy
JF - European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
N2 - The EC Directive 2013/59/Euratom states in article 56 that exposures of target volumes in nuclear medicine treatments shall be individually planned and their delivery appropriately verified. The Directive also mentions that medical physics experts should always be appropriately involved in those treatments. Although it is obvious that, in nuclear medicine practice, every nuclear medicine physician and physicist should follow national rules and legislation, the EANM considered it necessary to provide guidance on how to interpret the Directive statements for nuclear medicine treatments.
For this purpose, the EANM proposes to distinguish three levels in compliance to the optimization principle in the directive, inspired by the indication of levels in prescribing, recording and reporting of absorbed doses after radiotherapy defined by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU):
Most nuclear medicine treatments currently applied in Europe are standardized. The minimum requirement for those treatments is ICRU level 1 (“activity-based prescription and patient-averaged dosimetry”), which is defined by administering the activity within 10% of the intended activity, typically according to the package insert or to the respective EANM guidelines, followed by verification of the therapy delivery, if applicable.
Non-standardized treatments are essentially those in developmental phase or approved radiopharmaceuticals being used off-label with significantly (> 25% more than in the label) higher activities. These treatments should comply with ICRU level 2 (“activity-based prescription and patient-specific dosimetry”), which implies recording and reporting of the absorbed dose to organs at risk and optionally the absorbed dose to treatment regions.
The EANM strongly encourages to foster research that eventually leads to treatment planning according to ICRU level 3 (“dosimetry-guided patient-specific prescription and verification”), whenever possible and relevant.
Evidence for superiority of therapy prescription on basis of patient-specific dosimetry has not been obtained. However, the authors believe that a better understanding of therapy dosimetry, i.e. how much and where the energy is delivered, and radiobiology, i.e. radiation-related processes in tissues, are keys to the long-term improvement of our treatments.
KW - nuclear medicine therapy
KW - dosimetry
KW - optimization
KW - BSS directive
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235280
SN - 1619-7070
VL - 48
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Serfling, S.
A1 - Zhi, Y.
A1 - Schirbel, A.
A1 - Lindner, T.
A1 - Meyer, T.
A1 - Gerhard-Hartmann, E.
A1 - Lappa, C.
A1 - Hagen, R.
A1 - Hackenberg, S.
A1 - Buck, A. K.
A1 - Scherzad, A.
T1 - Improved cancer detection in Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring by \(^{68}\)Ga-FAPI PET/CT imaging
JF - European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
N2 - Purpose
In cancer of unknown primary (CUP), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with the glucose analog [\(^{18}\)F]FDG represents the standard imaging approach for localization of the malignant primary. Frequently, however, [\(^{18}\)F]FDG PET/CT cannot precisely distinguish between small occult tumors and chronic inflammation, especially in Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring. To improve the accuracy for detecting primary tumors in the Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring, the novel PET tracer [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-FAPI-4 for specific imaging of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression was used as a more specific target for cancer imaging.
Methods
Eight patients with suspicion of a malignant tumor in Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring or a CUP syndrome were examined. PET/CT scans with [\(^{18}\)F]-FDG and [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-FAPI-4 were performed for pre-operative tumor localization. After surgical resection, histopathological and immunohistochemical results were compared to PET/CT findings.
Results
Histopathology revealed a palatine or lingual tonsil carcinoma in all patients. In case of lymph node metastases smaller than 7 mm in size, the [\(^{18}\)F]FDG PET/CT detection rate of cervical lymph node metastases was higher than that of [\(^{68}\)Ga]FAPI PET/CT, while both tracers identified the primary tumors in all eight cases. The size of the primary and the lymph node metastases was directly correlated to the respective FAP expression, as detected by immunohistochemistry. The mean SUVmax for the primary tumors was 21.29 ± 7.97 for \(^{18}\)F-FDG and 16.06 ± 6.29 for \(^{68}\)Ga-FAPI, respectively (p = 0.2). The mean SUVmax for the healthy contralateral tonsils was 8.38 ± 2.45 for [\(^{18}\)F]FDG and 3.55 ± 0.47 for [\(^{68}\)Ga]FAPI (p < 0.001). The SUVmax ratio of [68Ga]FAPI was significantly different from [\(^{18}\)F] FDG (p = 0.03). Mean TBRmax for the [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-FAPI-4 tracer was markedly higher in comparison to [\(^{18}\)F]FDG (10.90 vs. 4.11).
Conclusion
Non-invasive imaging of FAP expression by [\(^{68}\)Ga]FAPI PET/CT resulted in a better visual detection of the malignant primary in CUP, as compared to [\(^{18}\)F]FDG imaging. However, the detection rate of lymph node metastases was inferior, presumably due to low FAP expression in small metastases. Nevertheless, by offering a detection method for primary tumors with the potential of lower false positive rates and thus avoiding biopsies, patients with CUP syndrome may benefit from [\(^{68}\)Ga]FAPI PET/CT imaging.
KW - Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring
KW - cancer of unknown primary (CUP)
KW - positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235271
SN - 1619-7070
VL - 48
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Riechelmann, Eva
A1 - Gamer, Matthias
A1 - Böckler, Anna
A1 - Huestegge, Lynn
T1 - How ubiquitous is the direct-gaze advantage? Evidence for an averted-gaze advantage in a gaze-discrimination task
JF - Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics
N2 - Human eye gaze conveys an enormous amount of socially relevant information, and the rapid assessment of gaze direction is of particular relevance in order to adapt behavior accordingly. Specifically, previous research demonstrated evidence for an advantage of processing direct (vs. averted) gaze. The present study examined discrimination performance for gaze direction (direct vs. averted) under controlled presentation conditions: Using a backward-masking gaze-discrimination task, photographs of faces with direct and averted gaze were briefly presented, followed by a mask stimulus. Additionally, effects of facial context on gaze discrimination were assessed by either presenting gaze direction in isolation (i.e., by only showing the eye region) or in the context of an upright or inverted face. Across three experiments, we consistently observed a facial context effect with highest discrimination performance for faces presented in upright position, lower performance for inverted faces, and lowest performance for eyes presented in isolation. Additionally, averted gaze was generally responded to faster and with higher accuracy than direct gaze, indicating an averted-gaze advantage. Overall, the results suggest that direct gaze is not generally associated with processing advantages, thereby highlighting the important role of presentation conditions and task demands in gaze perception.
KW - social cognition
KW - gaze processing
KW - averted gaze
KW - direct gaze
KW - gaze discrimination
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235268
SN - 1943-3921
VL - 83
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Anger, Friedrich
A1 - Döring, Anna
A1 - van Dam, Jacob
A1 - Lock, Johann Frisco
A1 - Klein, Ingo
A1 - Bittrich, Max
A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas
A1 - Wiegering, Armin
A1 - Kunzmann, Volker
A1 - van Eijck, Casper
A1 - Löb, Stefan
T1 - Impact of Borderline Resectability in Pancreatic Head Cancer on Patient Survival: Biology Matters According to the New International Consensus Criteria
JF - Annals of Surgical Oncology
N2 - Background
International consensus criteria (ICC) have redefined borderline resectability for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) according to three dimensions: anatomical (BR-A), biological (BR-B), and conditional (BR-C). The present definition acknowledges that resectability is not just about the anatomic relationship between the tumour and vessels but that biological and conditional dimensions also are important.
Methods
Patients’ tumours were retrospectively defined borderline resectable according to ICC. The study cohort was grouped into either BR-A or BR-B and compared with patients considered primarily resectable (R). Differences in postoperative complications, pathological reports, overall (OS), and disease-free survival were assessed.
Results
A total of 345 patients underwent resection for PDAC. By applying ICC in routine preoperative assessment, 30 patients were classified as stage BR-A and 62 patients as stage BR-B. In total, 253 patients were considered R. The cohort did not contain BR-C patients. No differences in postoperative complications were detected. Median OS was significantly shorter in BR-A (15 months) and BR-B (12 months) compared with R (20 months) patients (BR-A vs. R: p = 0.09 and BR-B vs. R: p < 0.001). CA19-9, as the determining factor of BR-B patients, turned out to be an independent prognostic risk factor for OS.
Conclusions
Preoperative staging defining surgical resectability in PDAC according to ICC is crucial for patient survival. Patients with PDAC BR-B should be considered for multimodal neoadjuvant therapy even if considered anatomically resectable.
KW - pancreatic head cancer
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235251
SN - 1068-9265
VL - 28
IS - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grunz, Jan-Peter
A1 - Pennig, Lenhard
A1 - Fieber, Tabea
A1 - Gietzen, Carsten Herbert
A1 - Heidenreich, Julius Frederik
A1 - Huflage, Henner
A1 - Gruschwitz, Philipp
A1 - Kuhl, Philipp Josef
A1 - Petritsch, Bernhard
A1 - Kosmala, Aleksander
A1 - Bley, Thorsten Alexander
A1 - Gassenmaier, Tobias
T1 - Twin robotic x-ray system in small bone and joint trauma: Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on treatment decisions
JF - European Radiology
N2 - Objectives
Trauma evaluation of extremities can be challenging in conventional radiography. A multi-use x-ray system with cone-beam CT (CBCT) option facilitates ancillary 3-D imaging without repositioning. We assessed the clinical value of CBCT scans by analyzing the influence of additional findings on therapy.
Methods
Ninety-two patients underwent radiography and subsequent CBCT imaging with the twin robotic scanner (76 wrist/hand/finger and 16 ankle/foot/toe trauma scans). Reports by on-call radiologists before and after CBCT were compared regarding fracture detection, joint affliction, comminuted injuries, and diagnostic confidence. An orthopedic surgeon recommended therapy based on reported findings. Surgical reports (N = 52) and clinical follow-up (N = 85) were used as reference standard.
Results
CBCT detected more fractures (83/64 of 85), joint involvements (69/53 of 71), and multi-fragment situations (68/50 of 70) than radiography (all p < 0.001). Six fractures suspected in radiographs were ruled out by CBCT. Treatment changes based on additional information from CBCT were recommended in 29 patients (31.5%). While agreement between advised therapy before CBCT and actual treatment was moderate (κ = 0.41 [95% confidence interval 0.35–0.47]; p < 0.001), agreement after CBCT was almost perfect (κ = 0.88 [0.83–0.93]; p < 0.001). Diagnostic confidence increased considerably for CBCT studies (p < 0.001). Median effective dose for CBCT was 4.3 μSv [3.3–5.3 μSv] compared to 0.2 μSv [0.1–0.2 μSv] for radiography.
Conclusions
CBCT provides advantages for the evaluation of acute small bone and joint trauma by detecting and excluding extremity fractures and fracture-related findings more reliably than radiographs. Additional findings induced therapy change in one third of patients, suggesting substantial clinical impact.
KW - cone-beamcomputed tomography
KW - extremities
KW - fractures, bone
KW - radiography
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235233
SN - 0938-7994
VL - 31
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Strzalkowska, A.
A1 - Strzalkowski, P.
A1 - Al Yousef, Y.
A1 - Grehn, F.
A1 - Hillenkamp, J.
A1 - Loewen, Nils A.
T1 - Exact matching of trabectome-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy to conventional trabeculectomy with mitomycin C followed for 2 years
JF - Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
N2 - Purpose
We used exact matching for a highly balanced comparison of ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT) with the trabectome to trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (TRAB).
Methods
A total of 5485 patients who underwent AIT were exact-matched to 196 TRAB patients by baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, and glaucoma type. Nearest-neighbor–matching was applied to age. Success was defined as a final IOP of less than 21 mmHg, IOP reduction of at least 20% reduction from baseline, and no secondary surgical interventions. Outcomes were measured at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.
Results
A total of 165 AIT could be matched to 165 TRAB. The mean baseline IOP was 22.3 ± 5.6 mmHg, and the baseline number of glaucoma medications was 2.7 ± 1.1 in both groups. At 24 months, IOP was reduced to 15.8 ± 5.2 mmHg in AIT and 12.4 ± 4.7 mmHg in TRAB. IOP was lower than baseline at all visits (p < 0.01) and lower in TRAB than AIT (p < 0.01). Glaucoma medications were reduced to 2.1 ± 1.3 in AIT and 0.2 ± 0.8 in TRAB. Compared to baseline, patients used fewer drops postoperatively (p < 0.01) and more infrequently in TRAB than in AIT (p > 0.01). Secondary surgical interventions had the highest impact on success and became necessary in 15 AIT and 59 TRAB patients. Thirty-two challenging events occurred in TRAB and none in AIT.
Conclusion
Both AIT and TRAB reduced IOP and medications. This reduction was more significant in TRAB but at the expense of four times as many secondary interventions.
KW - trabeculectomy
KW - Ab interno trabeculectomy
KW - trabectome
KW - exact matching
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235224
SN - 0721-832X
VL - 259
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zhou, Xiang
A1 - Bai, Tao
A1 - Meckel, Katharina
A1 - Song, Jun
A1 - Jin, Yu
A1 - Kortüm, Martin K.
A1 - Eisele, Hermann
A1 - Hou, Xiaohua
A1 - Rasche, Leo
T1 - COVID-19 infection in patients with multiple myeloma: a German-Chinese experience from Würzburg and Wuhan
JF - Annals of Hematology
N2 - No abstract available.
KW - COVID-19
KW - patients with multiple myeloma
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235108
SN - 0939-5555
VL - 100
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hu, Chen
A1 - Hahn, Lukas
A1 - Yang, Mengshi
A1 - Altmann, Alexander
A1 - Stahlhut, Philipp
A1 - Groll, Jürgen
A1 - Luxenhofer, Robert
T1 - Improving printability of a thermoresponsive hydrogel biomaterial ink by nanoclay addition
JF - Journal of Materials Science
N2 - As a promising biofabrication technology, extrusion-based bioprinting has gained significant attention in the last decade and major advances have been made in the development of bioinks. However, suitable synthetic and stimuli-responsive bioinks are underrepresented in this context. In this work, we described a hybrid system of nanoclay Laponite XLG and thermoresponsive block copolymer poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazine) (PMeOx-b-PnPrOzi) as a novel biomaterial ink and discussed its critical properties relevant for extrusion-based bioprinting, including viscoelastic properties and printability. The hybrid hydrogel retains the thermogelling properties but is strengthened by the added clay (over 5 kPa of storage modulus and 240 Pa of yield stress). Importantly, the shear-thinning character is further enhanced, which, in combination with very rapid viscosity recovery (~ 1 s) and structure recovery (~ 10 s), is highly beneficial for extrusion-based 3D printing. Accordingly, various 3D patterns could be printed with markedly enhanced resolution and shape fidelity compared to the biomaterial ink without added clay.
KW - printability
KW - thermoresponsive hydrogel
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234894
SN - 0022-2461
VL - 56
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brand, Markus
A1 - Reimer, Stanislaus
A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim
A1 - Flemming, Sven
A1 - Kornmann, Marko
A1 - Meining, Alexander
T1 - Endoscopic full thickness resection vs. transanal endoscopic microsurgery for local treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors - a retrospective analysis
JF - International Journal of Colorectal Disease
N2 - Purpose
Local treatment of small well-differentiated rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is recommended by current guidelines. However, although several endoscopic methods have been established, the highest R0 rate is achieved by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). Since a recently published study about endoscopic full thickness resection (eFTR) showed a R0 resection rate of 100%, the aim of this study was to evaluate both methods (eFTR vs. TEM).
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed all patients with rectal NET treated either by TEM (1999–2018) or eFTR (2016–2019) in two tertiary centers (University Hospital Wuerzburg and Ulm). We analyzed clinical, procedural, and histopathological outcomes in both groups.
Results
Twenty-eight patients with rectal NET received local treatment (TEM: 13; eFTR: 15). Most tumors were at stage T1a and grade G1 or G2 (in the TEM group two G3 NETs were staged T2 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy). In both groups, similar outcomes for en bloc resection rate, R0 resection rate, tumor size, or specimen size were found. No procedural adverse events were noted. Mean procedure time in the TEM group was 48.9 min and 19.2 min in the eFTR group.
Conclusion
eFTR is a convincing method for local treatment of small rectal NETs combining high safety and efficacy with short interventional time.
KW - rectum
KW - neuroendocrine tumor (NET)
KW - transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM)
KW - endoscopic full thickness resection (eFTR)
KW - full-thickness resection device (FTRD)
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234833
SN - 0179-1958
VL - 36
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Greefrath, Gilbert
A1 - Oldenburg, Reinhard
A1 - Siller, Hans-Stefan
A1 - Ulm, Volker
A1 - Weigand, Hans-Georg
T1 - Basic Mental Models of Integrals - Theoretical Conception, Development of a Test Instrument, and first Results
JF - ZDM – Mathematics Education
N2 - A basic mental model (BMM—in German ‘Grundvorstellung’) of a mathematical concept is a content-related interpretation that gives meaning to this concept. This paper defines normative and individual BMMs and concretizes them using the integral as an example. Four BMMs are developed about the concept of definite integral, sometimes used in specific teaching approaches: the BMMs of area, reconstruction, average, and accumulation. Based on theoretical work, in this paper we ask how these BMMs could be identified empirically. A test instrument was developed, piloted, validated and applied with 428 students in first-year mathematics courses. The test results show that the four normative BMMs of the integral can be detected and separated empirically. Moreover, the results allow a comparison of the existing individual BMMs and the requested normative BMMs. Consequences for future developments are discussed.
KW - basic mental model
KW - Grundvorstellung
KW - integral
KW - empirical evidence
KW - approaches in textbooks
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232830
SN - 1863-9690
VL - 53
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kunz, Felix
A1 - Hirth, Matthias
A1 - Schweitzer, Tilmann
A1 - Linz, Christian
A1 - Goetz, Bernhard
A1 - Stellzig-Eisenhauer, Angelika
A1 - Borchert, Kathrin
A1 - Böhm, Hartmut
T1 - Subjective perception of craniofacial growth asymmetries in patients with deformational plagiocephaly
JF - Clinical Oral Investigations
N2 - Objectives
The present investigation aimed to evaluate the subjective perception of deformational cranial asymmetries by different observer groups and to compare these subjective perceptions with objective parameters.
Materials and methods
The 3D datasets of ten infants with different severities of deformational plagiocephaly (DP) were presented to 203 observers, who had been subdivided into five different groups (specialists, pediatricians, medical doctors (not pediatricians), parents of infants with DP, and laypersons). The observers rated their subjective perception of the infants’ cranial asymmetries using a 4-point Likert-type scale. The ratings from the observer groups were compared with one another using a multilevel modelling linear regression analysis and were correlated with four commonly used parameters to objectively quantify the cranial asymmetries.
Results
No significant differences were found between the ratings of the specialists and those of the parents of infants with DP, but both groups provided significantly more asymmetric ratings than did pediatricians, medical doctors, or laypersons. Moreover, the subjective perception of cranial asymmetries correlated significantly with commonly used parameters for objectively quantifying cranial asymmetries.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that different observer groups perceive the severity of cranial asymmetries differently. Pediatricians’ more moderate perception of cranial asymmetries may reduce the likelihood of parents to seek therapeutic interventions for their infants. Moreover, we identified some objective symmetry-related parameters that correlated strongly with the observers’ subjective perceptions.
Clinical relevance
Knowledge about these findings is important for clinicians when educating parents of infants with DP about the deformity.
KW - infants with deformational plagiocephaly (DP)
KW - deformational cranial asymmetry
KW - subjective perception
KW - positionalskull deformities
KW - three-dimensional
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232803
SN - 1432-6981
VL - 25
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fuchs, Konrad F.
A1 - Eden, Lars
A1 - Gilbert, Fabian
A1 - Bernuth, Silvia
A1 - Wurmb, Thomas
A1 - Meffert, Rainer H.
A1 - Jordan, Martin C.
T1 - Führt eine COVID-19 bedingte Ausgangsbeschränkung zu einer Reduktion schwerverletzter Patienten an einem überregionalen Traumazentrum?
T1 - Do COVID-19 restrictions lead to a decrease in severely injured patients at a level 1 trauma center in Germany?
JF - Der Unfallchirurg
N2 - Hintergrund
Intensiv- und Beatmungskapazitäten sind für die Behandlung COVID-19-erkrankter Patienten essenziell. Unabhängig davon beanspruchen auch schwer verletzte Patienten häufig Intensiv- und Beatmungskapazitäten. Daraus ergibt sich folgende Fragestellung: Führt eine Ausgangsbeschränkung zu einer Reduktion schwer verletzter Patienten, und kann hierdurch mit frei werdenden Intensivkapazitäten gerechnet werden?
Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Auswertung schwer verletzter Patienten mit einem Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16 zwischen dem 17.03.2020 und 30.04.2020 (landesweiter Shutdown) an einem überregionalen Traumazentrum. Erfasst wurden der Unfallmechanismus, ISS, Versicherungsträger (BG vs. GKV/PKV), ob es sich um einen dokumentierten Suizidversuch handelte, und ob eine operative Intervention innerhalb der ersten 24 h erforderlich war. Als Kontrollgruppe wurden die Daten des gleichen Zeitraums der Jahre 2018 und 2019 ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse
Es konnte keine wesentliche Veränderung bezüglich der Anzahl an schwer verletzten Patienten festgestellt werden (2018 n = 30, 2019 n = 23, 2020 n = 27). Es zeigten sich insgesamt keine deutlichen Veränderungen der absoluten Zahlen bezüglich der Intensivpflichtigkeit in den ersten 24 h und der Beatmungspflichtigkeit beim Verlassen des Schockraums. Die Anzahl an Patienten, die eine Operation innerhalb der ersten 24 h nach Eintreffen im Schockraum benötigten, war 2020 sogar leicht erhöht, jedoch nicht statistisch signifikant. Der durchschnittliche ISS blieb konstant. Bezüglich der Unfallursache zeigte sich 2020 kein Motorradfahrer, der einen nicht berufsgenossenschaftlich versicherten Unfall erlitt (2018 n = 5, 2019 n = 4, 2020 n = 0). Es wurde 2020 ein erhöhter Anteil an Arbeitsunfällen mit einem ISS ≥16 festgestellt (2018: 10 %, 2019: 26,1 %, 2020: 44,4 %).
Diskussion
Eine Ausgangsbeschränkung führte zu keiner Reduktion verletzter- und intensivpflichtiger Patienten am untersuchten Zentrum. Auch unter einer landesweiten Ausgangsbeschränkung muss für dieses Patientenkollektiv eine ausreichende Menge an Intensiv- und OP-Kapazitäten vorgehalten werden. Die Bestätigung dieser Ergebnisse durch Auswertung nationaler Register steht noch aus.
N2 - Background
Intensive care and ventilator capacities are essential for treatment of COVID-19 patients. Severely injured patients are often in continuous need of intensive care and ventilator treatment. The question arises, whether restrictions related to COVID-19 have led to a decrease in severely injured patients and thus to an increase in intensive care unit (ICU) capacity.
Material and methods
A retrospective analysis of all seriously injured patients with an injury severity score (ISS) ≥16 was performed between 17 March and 30 April 2020 at a level 1 trauma center in Germany. The mechanism of injury and the ISS were recorded. Further data were collected as to whether it was a work-related accident, a documented suicide attempt and if surgery was necessary in the first 24 h after arrival in hospital. Data from 2018 and 2019 served as a control group.
Results
There was no substantial difference in the total number of seriously injured patients (2018 n = 30, 2019 n = 23, 2020 n = 27). Furthermore, there was no relevant difference in the number of patients needing intensive care or ventilator treatment when leaving the shock room. The number of patients needing an operative intervention within the first 24 h after arriving at hospital was slightly higher in 2020. The mean ISS was at a constant level during all 3 years. In 2020 there was no polytraumatized motorbike rider, who did not have a work-related accident (2018 n = 5, 2019 n = 4, 2020 n = 0). A noticeable increase in work-related accidents was observed (2018: 10%, 2019: 26.1%, 2020 44.4%).
Discussion
Restrictions related to COVID-19 did not lead to a reduction in seriously injured patients needing ICU care. Due to the monocentric data analysis there is room for misinterpretation.
In general, intensive care and operating capacities should be managed with adequate consideration for seriously injured patients even in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Confirmation through the German Trauma Register is pending.
KW - Intensivkapazitäten
KW - Coronavirus
KW - Injury Severity Score
KW - Polytrauma
KW - Pandemie
KW - ICU capacities
KW - Corona virus
KW - injury severity score
KW - polytrauma
KW - pandemic
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232547
SN - 0177-5537
VL - 124
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg
A1 - Schortmann, Max
A1 - Lawrenz, Ingulf
A1 - Weick, Stefan
A1 - Bratengeier, Klaus
A1 - Flentje, Michael
A1 - Guckenberger, Matthias
A1 - Polat, Bülent
T1 - Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: updated long-term outcome and toxicity analysis
JF - Strahlentherapie und Onkologie
N2 - Purpose
Evaluation of long-term outcome and toxicity of moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with simultaneous integrated boost treatment planning and cone beam CT-based image guidance for localized prostate cancer.
Methods
Between 2005 and 2015, 346 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer received primary radiotherapy using cone beam CT-based image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (IG-VMAT) with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB). Total doses of 73.9 Gy (n = 44) and 76.2 Gy (n = 302) to the high-dose PTV were delivered in 32 and 33 fractions, respectively. The low-dose PTV received a dose (D95) of 60.06 Gy in single doses of 1.82 Gy. The pelvic lymph nodes were treated in 91 high-risk patients to 45.5 Gy (D95).
Results
Median follow-up was 61.8 months. The 5‑year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) was 85.4% for all patients and 93.3, 87.4, and 79.4% for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease, respectively. The 5‑year prostate cancer-specific survival (PSS) was 94.8% for all patients and 98.7, 98.9, 89.3% for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease, respectively. The 5‑year and 10-year overall survival rates were 83.8 and 66.3% and the 5‑year and 10-year freedom from distant metastasis rates were 92.2 and 88.0%, respectively. Cumulative 5‑year late GU toxicity and late GI toxicity grade ≥2 was observed in 26.3 and 12.1% of the patients, respectively. Cumulative 5‑year late grade 3 GU/GI toxicity occurred in 4.0/1.2%.
Conclusion
Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy using SIB treatment planning and cone beam CT image guidance resulted in high biochemical control and survival with low rates of late toxicity.
KW - simultaneous integrated boost
KW - cone beam CT
KW - hypofractionation
KW - intensity-modulated radiation therapy
KW - image-guided radiation therapy
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232509
SN - 0179-7158
VL - 197
ER -