TY  - JOUR
A1  - Agoston, Zsuzsa
A1  - Li, Naixin
A1  - Haslinger, Anja
A1  - Wizenmann, Andrea
A1  - Schulte, Dorothea
T1  - Genetic and physical interaction of Meis2, Pax3 and Pax7 during dorsal midbrain development
JF  - BMC Developmental Biology
N2  - Background: During early stages of brain development, secreted molecules, components of intracellular signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators act in positive and negative feed-back or feed-forward loops at the mid-hindbrain boundary. These genetic interactions are of central importance for the specification and subsequent development of the adjacent mid-and hindbrain. Much less, however, is known about the regulatory relationship and functional interaction of molecules that are expressed in the tectal anlage after tectal fate specification has taken place and tectal development has commenced. 
Results: Here, we provide experimental evidence for reciprocal regulation and subsequent cooperation of the paired-type transcription factors Pax3, Pax7 and the TALE-homeodomain protein Meis2 in the tectal anlage. Using in ovo electroporation of the mesencephalic vesicle of chick embryos we show that (i) Pax3 and Pax7 mutually regulate each other's expression in the mesencephalic vesicle, (ii) Meis2 acts downstream of Pax3/7 and requires balanced expression levels of both proteins, and (iii) Meis2 physically interacts with Pax3 and Pax7. These results extend our previous observation that Meis2 cooperates with Otx2 in tectal development to include Pax3 and Pax7 as Meis2 interacting proteins in the tectal anlage. 
Conclusion: The results described here suggest a model in which interdependent regulatory loops involving Pax3 and Pax7 in the dorsal mesencephalic vesicle modulate Meis2 expression. Physical interaction with Meis2 may then confer tectal specificity to a wide range of otherwise broadly expressed transcriptional regulators, including Otx2, Pax3 and Pax7.
KW  - dosage
KW  - quali-chick chimeras
KW  - drosophila embryo
KW  - neural crest
KW  - transcription activation
KW  - hindbrain boundary
KW  - isthmic oragnizer
KW  - sonic hedghog
KW  - expression
KW  - induction
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-132626
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aso, Yoshinori
A1  - Herb, Andrea
A1  - Ogueta, Maite
A1  - Siwanowicz, Igor
A1  - Templier, Thomas
A1  - Friedrich, Anja B.
A1  - Ito, Kei
A1  - Scholz, Henrike
A1  - Tanimoto, Hiromu
T1  - Three Dopamine Pathways Induce Aversive Odor Memories with Different Stability
JF  - PLoS Genetics
N2  - Animals acquire predictive values of sensory stimuli through reinforcement. In the brain of Drosophila melanogaster, activation of two types of dopamine neurons in the PAM and PPL1 clusters has been shown to induce aversive odor memory. Here, we identified the third cell type and characterized aversive memories induced by these dopamine neurons. These three dopamine pathways all project to the mushroom body but terminate in the spatially segregated subdomains. To understand the functional difference of these dopamine pathways in electric shock reinforcement, we blocked each one of them during memory acquisition. We found that all three pathways partially contribute to electric shock memory. Notably, the memories mediated by these neurons differed in temporal stability. Furthermore, combinatorial activation of two of these pathways revealed significant interaction of individual memory components rather than their simple summation. These results cast light on a cellular mechanism by which a noxious event induces different dopamine signals to a single brain structure to synthesize an aversive memory.
KW  - dynamics
KW  - serotonin
KW  - expression
KW  - melanogaster
KW  - neurons form
KW  - olfactory memory
KW  - long-term-memory
KW  - drosophila mushroom body
KW  - sensitization
KW  - localization
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130631
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
ER  -