TY - CHAP A1 - Anders, Fritz A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Barnekow, Angelika T1 - Xiphophorus as an in vivo model for studies on oncogenes N2 - The capacity of Xiphophorus to develop neoplasia can be formally assigned to a "tumor gene" (Tu), which appears to be a normal part of the genome of all individuals. The wild fish have evolved population-specific and cell type-specific systems of regulatory genes (R) for Tu that protect the fish from neoplasia. Hybridization of members of different wild populations in the laborstory followed by treatment of the hybrids with carcinogens led to disintegration of the R systems permitting excessive expression of Tu and thus resulting in neoplasia. Certain hybrids developed neoplasia even spontaneously. Observations on the genuine phenotypic effect of the derepressed Tu in the early embryo indicated an essential normal function of this oncogene in cell differentiation, proliferation and cell-cell communication. Tu appeared to be indispensable in the genome but may also be present in accessory copics. Recently, c-src, the cellular homolog of the Rous sarcoma virus oncogene v-src, was detected in Xiphophorus. The protein product of c-src, pp60c-src, was identified and then examined by its associated kinase activity. This pp60c-src was found in all individuals tested, but, depending on the genotype, its kinase activity was different. The genetic characters of c-src, such as linkage relations, dosage relations, expression, etc., correspond to those of Tu. From a systematic study which showed that pp60c-src was present in all metazoa tested ranging from mammals down to sponges, we concluded that c-src has evolved with the multicellular organization of animals. Neoplasia of animals and humans is a characteristic closely related to this evolution. Our data showed that small aquariurn fish, besides being used successfully because they are time-, space-, and money-saving systems for carcinogenicity testing, are also highly suitable for basic studies on neoplasia at the populational, morphological, developmental, cell biological, and molecular levels. KW - Schwertkärpfling KW - In vivo KW - Onkogen Y1 - 1984 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86398 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Axelrod, V. D. A1 - Gorboulev, Valentin G. A1 - Kutateladze, T. V. A1 - Barciszewski, J. A1 - Bayev, A. A. T1 - The new approach to tRNA primary structure determination : the primary structure of valine tRNA\(^{Val}_{2b}\) N2 - The new combination of TLC and high voltage electrophoresis on cooling plate is described.We have applied this technique to study of primary structure of tRNA.Preliminary sequence of baker's yeast tRNA^Val_2b is described. New approach to preparation of large tRNA fragments is demonstrated. KW - RNS Y1 - 1976 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50920 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bicknell-Tassius, R. N. A1 - Scholl, S. A1 - Becker, Charles R. A1 - Landwehr, G. T1 - High magnetic field transport in II-VI heterostructures N2 - In the present work we report the results of magneto-transport measurements on some Hg-based li-VI semiconductor epitaxiallayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The transport measurement were carried out at temperatures in the range 0.4 - 4.2 K in magnetic fields up to 10.0 T. Further, we point out the necessity of using multicarrier models for data interpretation and show finally some Shubnikov-de-Haas results on sampies with high mobility carners. Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37797 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Boege, P. A1 - Schäfer, H. A1 - Shanjia, Xu A1 - Xinzhang, Wu A1 - Einfeldt, S. A1 - Becker, Charles R. A1 - Hommel, D. A1 - Geick, R. T1 - Improved conductivity-measurement of semiconductor epitaxial layers by means of the contactless microwave method N2 - Measurements and calculations of the scattering-characteristics of stratified lossy dielectric blocks completely filling a waveguide cross section are presented. The method is used for contactless conductivity measurements of MBE-grown II-VI semiconductor layers. KW - Millimeterwelle KW - Kongreß KW - San Diego Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37763 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bossert, Sabine A1 - Meiler, Caroline A1 - Laessle, Reinhold A1 - Ellgring, Heiner A1 - Pirke, Karl-Martin T1 - Responses to visual perception of food in eating disorders N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58762 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dabauvalle, M.-C. A1 - Wilken, N. A1 - Ewald, A. A1 - Kuhbier, A. A1 - Senécal, J.-L. A1 - Scheer, Ulrich T1 - Nuclear pore complex structure analyzed by immunogold EM with human autoantibodies N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-39439 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Argos, P. T1 - Genetic algorithms as a new tool to study protein stability N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29990 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Davies, Richard A1 - Dewell, Nathan A1 - Harvey, Carlo T1 - A framework for interactive, autonomous and semantic dialogue generation in games T2 - Proceedings of the 1st Games Technology Summit N2 - Immersive virtual environments provide users with the opportunity to escape from the real world, but scripted dialogues can disrupt the presence within the world the user is trying to escape within. Both Non-Playable Character (NPC) to Player and NPC to NPC dialogue can be non-natural and the reliance on responding with pre-defined dialogue does not always meet the players emotional expectations or provide responses appropriate to the given context or world states. This paper investigates the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing to generate dynamic human-like responses within a themed virtual world. Each thematic has been analysed against humangenerated responses for the same seed and demonstrates invariance of rating across a range of model sizes, but shows an effect of theme and the size of the corpus used for fine-tuning the context for the game world. KW - natural language processing · · · KW - interactive authoring system KW - semantic understanding KW - artificial intelligence Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Deger, H. A1 - Reusch, Wolfgang A1 - Luchner, K. T1 - Microscopic Observation of Crystal Growth and Phase Transitions N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33001 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eckstein, V. A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Meincke, G. A1 - Mülller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Transplantation of Diabetic Patients With Xenogeneic Pancreatic Islets Has to Consider Natural Xenophile Antibodies (NXA) In Patients Sera As a Major Obstacle to Success N2 - No abstract available KW - Immunbiologie Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45707 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich A1 - Vollmer, Heinz C. T1 - Changes of personality and depression during treatment of drug addicts N2 - In accordance with various other studies. the present longitudinal study gave no clues for specific personality variables or traits 01' drug addicts. Personality factors did not allow a valid prediction of the kind 01' th~apy termination. nor were there clear deviations from the norm. Analyzed as a group. the addicts showed only minor changes that appeared over the course of treatment. These results correspond to data reported on alcohol dependency (cf. Wanke 1987). A more differentiated picture is gained when stable and changeable components of personality and analyzed separately. Changeable components are of special relevance for treatment. From the current study these were characteristics of action regulation, that is, activation and impulse control, social interaction, and somatic reactions (sleep disorders, bodily reactions to drug deprivation). For relapse prevention, attention should be given to stable, persistent, problematic components. Persistent suicidal ideas turned out to be one such aspect. Like the differentiation between state and trait anxiety, stable and variable components could also be separated for other domains of personality when they are used to describe the course of treatment. How can personality concepts and instruments for assessment be utilized for treatment? The claim of therapists to predict the outcome of a treatment may be realized for only a delimited period of time. Especially at such critical points as shortly before relapse, a firm prediction might be possible only rarely (Wanke 1987). Lack of predictability could be a warning which, however, can be verified only afterward. According to the current results, one benefit of personality concepts could be to specify targets of change on an individual basis and thus clarify effects of therapeutic interventions. Personality concepts can help patients to better understand their problems and to recognize changes as weil as persistent areas of vulnerability. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50287 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Epplée, Rafael A1 - Langbehn, Eike T1 - Overlapping Architecture: Implementation of Impossible Spaces in Virtual Reality Games N2 - Natural walking in virtual reality games is constrained by the physical boundaries defined by the size of the player’s tracking space. Impossible spaces, a redirected walking technique, enlarge the virtual environment by creating overlapping architecture and letting multiple locations occupy the same physical space. Within certain thresholds, this is subtle to the player. In this paper, we present our approach to implement such impossible spaces and describe how we handled challenges like objects with simulated physics or precomputed global illumination. KW - virtual reality KW - games KW - locomotion Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246045 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fetzer, Anita A1 - Weizman, Elda A1 - Reber, Elisabeth T1 - Follow-ups across discourse domains: A cross-cultural exploration of their forms and functions N2 - The edited volume documents the proceedings of the ESF workshop "Follow-ups across discourse domains: a cross-cultural exploration of their forms and functions". It examines the forms and functions of the dialogue act of a follow-up, viz. accepting or challenging a prior communicative act, in political discourse across spoken and written dialogic genres. Specifically, it considers (1) the discourse domains of political interviews, editorials, op-eds and discussion forums, (2) their sequential organization as regards the status of initial (or 1st order) follow-up, a follow-up of a prior follow-up (2nd order follow-up), or nth-order follow-up, and (3) their discursive realization as regards degrees of indirectness and responsiveness which are conceptualized as a continuum along the lines of degrees of explicitness and degrees of responsiveness. The chapters come from the fields of linguistics, discourse analysis, socio-pragmatics, communication, political science and psychology, examining the heterogeneous field of political discourse and its manifestation in diverse discourse genres with respect to evasiveness, indirectness and redundancy in mediated political discourse, professional discourse, discourse identity and doing politics, to name but the most prominent questions. KW - Pragmatik KW - Diskursanalyse KW - Medienanalyse KW - politischer Diskurs KW - follow-up KW - Medienkommunikation KW - pragmatics KW - discourse analysis KW - media communication KW - follow-up KW - political discourse Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71656 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fiala, Brigitte A1 - Federle, W. A1 - Maschwitz, U. A1 - Azarae, Idris T1 - The first myrmecophytic 2-partner-system in the genus Macaranga: The association between Macaranga puncticulata and a Componotus (Colobopsis) in Malaysia N2 - No abstract available KW - Biologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55144 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fiala, Brigitte A1 - Rabenstein, R. A1 - Maschwitz, Ulrich T1 - Ant-attracting plant-structures: Food bodies of SE Asian Vitaceae N2 - No abstract available KW - Pflanzen Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55177 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Flanders, Julia A1 - Jannidis, Fotis T1 - Knowledge Organization and Data Modeling in the Humanities N2 - Based on the results of a 3-day workshop at the Brown University (2012) this white paper tries to sum up important topics and problems which came up in the presentations and discussions and to outline some general aspects of data modeling in digital humanities. Starting with an attempt to define data modeling it introduces distinctions like curation-driven vs. research-driven for a more general description of data modeling. The second part discusses specific problems and challenges of data modeling in the Humanities, while the third part outlines practical aspects, like the creation of data models or their evaluation. KW - Digital Humanities KW - Datenmodell KW - Digital Humanities KW - Data Modeling Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111270 UR - http://www.wwp.northeastern.edu/outreach/conference/kodm2012/index.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franke, Werner W. A1 - Scheer, Ulrich T1 - Pathways of nucleocytoplasmic translocation of ribonucleoproteins N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1974 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33832 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franke, Werner W. A1 - Scheer, Ulrich T1 - Biochemical and structural aspects of nucleocytoplasmic transfer of ribonucleoproteins at the nuclear envelope level: facts and theses N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1975 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33766 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franke, Werner W. A1 - Scheer, Ulrich A1 - Trendelenburg, Michael F. A1 - Zentgraf, H. A1 - Spring, H. T1 - Morphology of transcriptionally active chromatin N2 - Some decades ago it was noted by cytologists that within the interphase nucleus large portions of the transcriptionally ("genetically," in their terms) inactive chromosomal material are contained in aggregates of condensed chromatin, the "chromocenters," whereas transcriptionally active regions of chromosomes appear in a more dispersed form and are less intensely stained with DNA-directed staining procedures (Heitz 1929, 1932, 1956; Bauer 1933). The hypothesis that condensed chromatin is usually characterized by very low or no transcriptional activity, and that transcription occurs in loosely packed forms of chromatin (including, in most cells, the nucleolar chromatin) has received support from studies of ultrathin sections in the electron microscope and from the numerous attempts to separate transcriptionally active from inactive chromatin biochemically (for references, see Anderson et al. 1975; Berkowitz and Doty 1975; Krieg and Wells 1976; Rickwood and Birnie 1976; Gottesfeld 1977). Electron microscopic autoradiography has revealed that sites of RNA synthesis are enriched in dispersed chromatin regions located at the margins of condensed chromatin (Fakan and Bernhard 1971, 1973; Bouteille et al. 1974; Bachellerie et al. 1975) and are characterized by the occurrence of distinct granular and fibrillar ribonucleoprotein (RNP) structures, such as perichromatin granules and fibrils. The discovery that, in most eukaryotic nuclei, major parts of the chromatin are organized in the form of nucleosomes (Olins and Olins 1974; Kornberg 1974; Baldwin et al. 1975) has raised the question whether the same nucleosomal packing of DNA is also present in transcriptionally active chromatin strands. Recent detailed examination of the morphology of active and inactive chromatin involving a diversity of electron microscopic methods, particularly the spreading technique by Miller and coworkers (Miller and Beatty 1969; Miller and Bakken 1972), has indicated that the DNA of some actively transcribed regions is not packed into nucleosomal particles but is present in a rather extended form within a relatively thin (4-7 nm) chromatin fiber. Y1 - 1978 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41097 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franke, Werner W. A1 - Zentgraf, Hanswalter A1 - Scheer, Ulrich T1 - Supranucleosomal and non-nucleosomal chromatin configurations N2 - A significant contribution to the understanding of chromatin organization was the d iscovery of the nucleosome as a globular repeating unit of the package of DNA (Hewish and Burgoyne, 1973; Woodcock, 1973; Kornberg, 1974; Olins and Olins, 1974; for review see Oudet et al., 1978 a) . In accord with the original definition and in ag reement with most workers in this field of research we identify a nucleosome as a spheric alor slightly oblate gr anular particle 10-13 nm in diameter, containing about 200 base pairs of DNA and two of each of the four his tones H2a, H2b, H3 and H4. It is this structure in which the bulk of the nuclear chroma tin is organized in most eukaryotic cells, with the exception of the dinofl age llates (Rae and Steele, 1977; dinofl agellate DNA, however, c an be packed into nucleosoma l structures in vitro by addition of the appropriate amounts of histones;the same reference). Although it seems clear from the work reported that condensed and transcriptiona lly inactive chroma tin is contained in nucleosomes as the principle for first order p acking of DNA there are two important questions onto which we are focusing in the present study: ( i ) What is the higher order of p a cking present in - and perhaps typical-of - the condensed sta te of chromatin, and (ii) what is the specific form of arrangement of transcriptionally a ctive chromatin? Y1 - 1978 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-39447 ER -