TY - JOUR A1 - Kirchmeier, Peter A1 - Meierott, Lenz A1 - Jung, Klaus T1 - Taraxacum sect. Borealia Hand.-Mazz. in den Alpen T1 - Taraxacum sect. Borealia Hand.-Mazz. of the Alps JF - Forum Geobotanicum N2 - The presence of Taraxacum microspecies of the section Borealia in the European Alps has been known from France, Suisse, Austria, Italy and Slowenia. The five known species are Taraxacum gallicum, T. handelii, T. kraettlii, T. mazzettii and T. melzerianum. From 2004 up to 2014 these localities have been visited. Detailed examinations of many collections make it possible to add characteristics and precise the descriptions and correct mistakes, eliminate ambiguities and fill gaps in the original descriptions. Numerous photos, drawings and a new determination key will make the access to the section Borealia easier. A new species of section Borealia, T. cimae-gallinae, from the mountain Hühnerspiel near Sterzing (Italy, South Tyrol) is described. The habitats of the Borealia in the alpine level are mostly gravel floors on wind-swept ridges or on summit levelings. The environment of Borealia-species is threatened by ski tourism or by the changes from global warming. N2 - Nach bisheriger Kenntnis sind aus den Alpen Vorkommen von fünf Taraxacum-Kleinarten der Sektion Borealia in Frankreich, der Schweiz, Österreich, Italien und Slowenien bekannt: Taraxacum gallicum, Taraxacum handelii, T. kraettlii, T. mazzettii und T. melzerianum. Zwischen 2004 und 2014 wurden diese Vorkommen und weitere potentielle Wuchsorte aufgesucht. Durch detaillierte Untersuchung der Vorkommen vor Ort sowie zahlreicher Belege aus mehreren europäischen Herbarien können nun Merkmale ergänzt, präzisiert und einige Fehler, Unklarheiten in den Originalbeschreibungen korrigiert und Lücken ergänzt werden. Zahlreiche Fotos und Zeichnungen sowie ein neugefasster Schlüssel sollen den Zugang zur Sektion Borealia erleichtern. Mit Taraxacum cimae-gallinae vom Hühnerspiel bei Sterzing (Italien, Südtirol) wird eine neue Art der Sektion Borealia beschrieben. Die Wuchsorte der Borealia-Arten in der alpinen Stufe sind überwiegend Schotterböden auf windgefegten Graten und Gipfelverebnungen. Diese sind derzeit sowohl durch den Ski-Tourismus als auch durch die Klimaerwärmung gefährdet. KW - Taraxacum cimae-gallinae spec. nov. KW - Taraxacum sect. Borealia KW - distribution KW - determination key KW - Agamospermy KW - Pflanzen KW - Systematik KW - alpine Taraxaca Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-347512 UR - http://forum-geobotanicum.net/articles/vol_11-2023/PK-LM-KJ_Taraxacum_pp35-56/FG---PK-LM-KJ_Taraxacum_sect_Borealia.pdf SN - 1867-9315 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gottschlich, Günter T1 - Hieracium rotundatum subsp. silvae-bavaricae, eine neue Hieracium-Sippe aus dem Bayerischen Wald (Deutschland) T1 - Hieracium rotundatum subsp. silvae-bavaricae, a new Hieracium taxon from the Bavarian Forest (Germany) JF - Forum Geobotanicum N2 - Hieracium rotundatum subsp. silvae-bavaricae is described as new for science and illustrated. The new subspecies belongs to a group of species (H. rotundatum, H. transylvanicum) whose main distribution is in the Balkans. The changeful nomenclatural history of the species name is described. Diagnostic features to distinguish the growth habit-similar species H. murorum, H. rotundatum and H. transylvanicum are discussed. Particular attention is drawn to the importance of the development of the basic leaf cycle. Contrary to previous knowledge, the northwestern distribution limit of H.rotundatum extends now to southeastern Bavaria. During the search for H. rotundatum a morphologically conspicuous subspecies of H. rotundatum could be detected, which is described here as new. N2 - Hieracium rotundatum subsp. silvae-bavaricae wird als neu für die Wissenschaft beschrieben und abgebildet. Die neue Unterart gehört zu einem Formenkreis von Arten (H. rotundatum, H. transylvanicum), dessen Hauptverbreitung auf dem Balkan liegt. Die wechselvolle nomenklatorische Geschichte des Artnamens wird nachgezeichnet. Diagnostische Merkmale zur Unterscheidung der in der Wuchsform ähnlichen Arten H. murorum, H. rotundatum und H. transylvanicum werden diskutiert. Dabei wird auf die Bedeutung der Ausbildung des Grundblattzyklus besonders hingewiesen. Entgegen bisheriger Kenntnis reicht die nordwestliche Verbreitungsgrenze von H. rotundatum nun bis Südost-Bayern. Bei der Suche nach H. rotundatum konnte auch eine morphologisch auffällige Unterart von H. rotundatum nachgewiesen werden, die hier als neu beschrieben wird. KW - Germany KW - Bavaria KW - new subspecies KW - Hieracium KW - Habichtskraut KW - Korbblütler Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327145 UR - http://forum-geobotanicum.net/articles/vol_11-2023/Gottschlich_H-silvae-bavaricae_pp8-14/FG---Gottschlich_H-silvae-bavaricae.pdf SN - 1867-9315 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haveman, Rense T1 - Phytosociological notes on hedges in South Ayrshire, Scotland JF - Forum Geobotanicum N2 - On the basis of four relevées of hedges around Straiton en Dailly in South Ayrshire, Scotland, some features of hedges are discussed. On the basis of the brambles, the vegetation of these hedges can be assigned to the Pruno-Rubion sprengelii, which comprises the bramble scrubs of circumneutral and nutrient rich soils in West Europe (Haveman et al. 2017, Haveman & de Ronde 2019). Until now, this alliance was thought to be restricted to the northwestern edge of the European continent, but based on these relevées and the known distribution area of Rubus nemoralis and Rubus polyanthemus, both characteristic for the Pruno-Rubion sprengelii, large parts of North England and Scotland have to be included in the distribution area of the alliance. The Pruno-Rubion sprengelii is optimally developed in rather narrow structures, like hedges, which are pruned every year. Here, brambles and herbs alike can grow with and under the shrubs, facilitated by the light that reaches large parts of the ground. Where the economic base of hedges perishes, they are not longer maintained, and the shrubs can grow out to their natural proportions. This changes the amount of light reaching the surface in the inner parts of the thicket, changing the competition between the species. The brambles as well as the herbs are displaced to the outer edges of the scrub, and the vegetation "dissociates" in a high-growing scrub, a fore-mantle ("cuff") with brambles, and a fringe with perennial herbs. These elements can hardly ever be assigned to the Pruno-Rubion anymore. The Pruno-Rubion sprengelii in optima forma is a scrub in which the three elements (shrubs, brambles, and herbs) grow closely intertwined. This is rarely found in natural landscapes, and thus the alliance is a typical element of the old farmer landscape. What is more: the typical species of the alliance, like Rubus nemoralis and R. polyanthemus, could only evolve after the landscape was opened by farmers in the last six millennia (Matzke-Hajek 1997), giving way to Rubus ulmifolius to expand its distribution area. This caused an explosion of hybrids which stabilised through apomixis into the wealth of Rubus species inhibiting the West European landscape nowadays (Sochor et al. 2015). Many of these species have their original home in a man-made landscape. Therefore, the Pruno-Rubion sprengelii can be characterised as a "farmers alliance" pur sang. KW - agricultural landscape KW - management KW - Pruno-Rubion sprengelii KW - Rhamno-Prunetea KW - vegetation KW - Brombeere Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312634 UR - http://forum-geobotanicum.net/articles/vol_11-2023/haveman_hedges_pp1-7/FG---haveman-hedges.pdf SN - 1867-9315 VL - 11 ER -