TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Thomas S. B.
A1  - Hayward, Matthew R.
A1  - Coelho, Luiis P.
A1  - Li, Simone S.
A1  - Costea, Paul I.
A1  - Voigt, Anita Y.
A1  - Wirbel, Jakob
A1  - Maistrenko, Oleksandr M.
A1  - Alves, Renato J. C.
A1  - Bergsten, Emma
A1  - de Beaufort, Carine
A1  - Sobhani, Iradj
A1  - Heintz-Buschart, Anna
A1  - Sunagawa, Shinichi
A1  - Zeller, Georg
A1  - Wilmes, Paul
A1  - Bork, Peer
T1  - Extensive transmission of microbes along the gastrointestinal tract
JF  - eLife
N2  - The gastrointestinal tract is abundantly colonized by microbes, yet the translocation of oral species to the intestine is considered a rare aberrant event, and a hallmark of disease. By studying salivary and fecal microbial strain populations of 310 species in 470 individuals from five countries, we found that transmission to, and subsequent colonization of, the large intestine by oral microbes is common and extensive among healthy individuals. We found evidence for a vast majority of oral species to be transferable, with increased levels of transmission in colorectal cancer and rheumatoid arthritis patients and, more generally, for species described as opportunistic pathogens. This establishes the oral cavity as an endogenous reservoir for gut microbial strains, and oral-fecal transmission as an important process that shapes the gastrointestinal microbiome in health and disease.
KW  - Colonization
KW  - Annotation
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Accurate
KW  - Strains
KW  - Barrier
KW  - Health
KW  - Acids
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Computational and Systems Biology
KW  - Microbiology and Infectious Disease
KW  - microbiome
KW  - gastrointestinal tract
KW  - colorectal cancer
KW  - rheumatoid arthritis
KW  - metagenomics
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228954
VL  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rosenbaum, Corinna
A1  - Schick, Martin Alexander
A1  - Wollborn, Jakob
A1  - Heider, Andreas
A1  - Scholz, Claus-Jürgen
A1  - Cecil, Alexander
A1  - Niesler, Beate
A1  - Hirrlinger, Johannes
A1  - Walles, Heike
A1  - Metzger, Marco
T1  - Activation of Myenteric Glia during Acute Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo
JF  - PLoS One
N2  - Background
Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are the main constituent of the enteric nervous system and share similarities with astrocytes from the central nervous system including their reactivity to an inflammatory microenvironment. Previous studies on EGC pathophysiology have specifically focused on mucosal glia activation and its contribution to mucosal inflammatory processes observed in the gut of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. In contrast knowledge is scarce on intestinal inflammation not locally restricted to the mucosa but systemically affecting the intestine and its effect on the overall EGC network.

Methods and Results
In this study, we analyzed the biological effects of a systemic LPS-induced hyperinflammatory insult on overall EGCs in a rat model in vivo, mimicking the clinical situation of systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS). Tissues from small and large intestine were removed 4 hours after systemic LPS-injection and analyzed on transcript and protein level. Laser capture microdissection was performed to study plexus-specific gene expression alterations. Upon systemic LPS-injection in vivo we observed a rapid and dramatic activation of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)-expressing glia on mRNA level, locally restricted to the myenteric plexus. To study the specific role of the GFAP subpopulation, we established flow cytometry-purified primary glial cell cultures from GFAP promotor-driven EGFP reporter mice. After LPS stimulation, we analyzed cytokine secretion and global gene expression profiles, which were finally implemented in a bioinformatic comparative transcriptome analysis. Enriched GFAP+ glial cells cultured as gliospheres secreted increased levels of prominent inflammatory cytokines upon LPS stimulation. Additionally, a shift in myenteric glial gene expression profile was induced that predominantly affected genes associated with immune response.

Conclusion and Significance
Our findings identify the myenteric GFAP-expressing glial subpopulation as particularly susceptible and responsive to acute systemic inflammation of the gut wall and complement knowledge on glial involvement in mucosal inflammation of the intestine.
KW  - gene expression
KW  - gastrointestinal tract
KW  - inflammatory bowel disease
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - systemic inflammatory response syndrome
KW  - inflammation
KW  - astrocytes
KW  - cytokines
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146544
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -