TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hauf, Juliane E. K.
A1  - Nieding, Gerhild
A1  - Seger, Benedikt T.
T1  - The development of dynamic perceptual simulations during sentence comprehension
JF  - Cognitive Processing
N2  - Based on an embodied account of language comprehension, this study investigated the dynamic characteristics of children and adults’ perceptual simulations during sentence comprehension, using a novel paradigm to assess the perceptual simulation of objects moving up and down a vertical axis. The participants comprised adults (N = 40) and 6-, 8-, and 10-year-old children (N = 116). After listening in experimental trials to sentences implying that objects moved upward or downward, the participants were shown pictures and had to decide as quickly as possible whether the objects depicted had been mentioned in the sentences. The target pictures moved either up or down and then stopped in the middle of the screen. All age groups’ reaction times were found to be shorter when the objects moved in the directions that the sentences implied. Age exerted no developmental effect on reaction times. The findings suggest that dynamic perceptual simulations are fundamental to language comprehension in text recipients aged 6 and older.
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - sentence comprehension
KW  - dynamic perceptual simulation;
KW  - children
KW  - adults
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-283665
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Körner, Anita
A1  - Topolinski, Sascha
A1  - Strack, Fritz
T1  - Routes to Embodiment
JF  - Frontiers of Psychology
N2  - Research on embodiment is rich in impressive demonstrations but somewhat poor in comprehensive explanations. Although some moderators and driving mechanisms have been identified, a comprehensive conceptual account of how bodily states or dynamics influence behavior is still missing. Here, we attempt to integrate current knowledge by describing three basic psychological mechanisms: direct state induction, which influences how humans feel or process information, unmediated by any other cognitive mechanism; modal priming, which changes the accessibility of concepts associated with a bodily state; sensorimotor simulation, which affects the ease with which congruent and incongruent actions are performed. We argue that the joint impact of these mechanisms can account for most existing embodiment effects. Additionally, we summarize empirical tests for distinguishing these mechanisms and suggest a guideline for future research about the mechanisms underlying embodiment effects.
KW  - priming
KW  - simulation
KW  - grounded cognition
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - metaphors
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125960
VL  - 9
IS  - 940
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schroeder, Philipp A.
A1  - Pfister, Roland
T1  - Arbitrary numbers counter fair decisions: trails of markedness in card distribution
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - Converging evidence from controlled experiments suggests that the mere processing of a number and its attributes such as value or parity might affect free choice decisions between different actions. For example the spatial numerical associations of response codes (SNARC) effect indicates the magnitude of a digit to be associated with a spatial representation and might therefore affect spatial response choices (i.e., decisions between a "left" and a "right" option). At the same time, other (linguistic) features of a number such as parity are embedded into space and might likewise prime left or right responses through feature words [odd or even, respectively; markedness association of response codes (MARC) effect]. In this experiment we aimed at documenting such influences in a natural setting. We therefore assessed number space and parity space association effects by exposing participants to a fair distribution task in a card playing scenario. Participants drew cards, read out loud their number values, and announced their response choice, i.e., dealing it to a left vs. right player, indicated by Playmobil characters. Not only did participants prefer to deal more cards to the right player, the card's digits also affected response choices and led to a slightly but systematically unfair distribution, supported by a regular SNARC effect and counteracted by a reversed MARC effect. The experiment demonstrates the impact of SNARC- and MARC-like biases in free choice behavior through verbal and visual numerical information processing even in a setting with high external validity.
KW  - SNARC
KW  - right-oriented bias
KW  - space
KW  - habits
KW  - and justice for all
KW  - magnitude
KW  - line
KW  - SNARC effect
KW  - MARC effect
KW  - spatial numerical associations
KW  - mental representation
KW  - classification
KW  - asymmetry
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - linguistic markedness
KW  - free choice
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143481
VL  - 6
ER  -