TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stelzner, Kathrin
A1  - Winkler, Ann-Cathrin
A1  - Liang, Chunguang
A1  - Boyny, Aziza
A1  - Ade, Carsten P.
A1  - Dandekar, Thomas
A1  - Fraunholz, Martin J.
A1  - Rudel, Thomas
T1  - Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Perturbs the Host Cell Ca\(^{2+}\) Homeostasis To Promote Cell Death
JF  - mBio
N2  - The opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus causes serious infectious diseases that range from superficial skin and soft tissue infections to necrotizing pneumonia and sepsis. While classically regarded as an extracellular pathogen, S. aureus is able to invade and survive within human cells. Host cell exit is associated with cell death, tissue destruction, and the spread of infection. The exact molecular mechanism employed by S. aureus to escape the host cell is still unclear. In this study, we performed a genome-wide small hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen and identified the calcium signaling pathway as being involved in intracellular infection. S. aureus induced a massive cytosolic Ca\(^{2+}\) increase in epithelial host cells after invasion and intracellular replication of the pathogen. This was paralleled by a decrease in endoplasmic reticulum Ca\(^{2+}\) concentration. Additionally, calcium ions from the extracellular space contributed to the cytosolic Ca2+ increase. As a consequence, we observed that the cytoplasmic Ca\(^{2+}\) rise led to an increase in mitochondrial Ca\(^{2+}\) concentration, the activation of calpains and caspases, and eventually to cell lysis of S. aureus-infected cells. Our study therefore suggests that intracellular S. aureus disturbs the host cell Ca\(^{2+}\) homeostasis and induces cytoplasmic Ca\(^{2+}\) overload, which results in both apoptotic and necrotic cell death in parallel or succession.

IMPORTANCE Despite being regarded as an extracellular bacterium, the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus can invade and survive within human cells. The intracellular niche is considered a hideout from the host immune system and antibiotic treatment and allows bacterial proliferation. Subsequently, the intracellular bacterium induces host cell death, which may facilitate the spread of infection and tissue destruction. So far, host cell factors exploited by intracellular S. aureus to promote cell death are only poorly characterized. We performed a genome-wide screen and found the calcium signaling pathway to play a role in S. aureus invasion and cytotoxicity. The intracellular bacterium induces a cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca\(^{2+}\) overload, which results in host cell death. Thus, this study first showed how an intracellular bacterium perturbs the host cell Ca\(^{2+}\) homeostasis."
KW  - Staphylococcus aureus
KW  - calcium signaling pathway
KW  - cell death
KW  - facultatively intracellular pathogens
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231448
VL  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prieto‐Garcia, Cristian
A1  - Hartmann, Oliver
A1  - Reissland, Michaela
A1  - Braun, Fabian
A1  - Fischer, Thomas
A1  - Walz, Susanne
A1  - Schülein‐Völk, Christina
A1  - Eilers, Ursula
A1  - Ade, Carsten P.
A1  - Calzado, Marco A.
A1  - Orian, Amir
A1  - Maric, Hans M.
A1  - Münch, Christian
A1  - Rosenfeldt, Mathias
A1  - Eilers, Martin
A1  - Diefenbacher, Markus E.
T1  - Maintaining protein stability of ∆Np63 via USP28 is required by squamous cancer cells
JF  - EMBO Molecular Medicine
N2  - The transcription factor ∆Np63 is a master regulator of epithelial cell identity and essential for the survival of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of lung, head and neck, oesophagus, cervix and skin. Here, we report that the deubiquitylase USP28 stabilizes ∆Np63 and maintains elevated ∆NP63 levels in SCC by counteracting its proteasome‐mediated degradation. Impaired USP28 activity, either genetically or pharmacologically, abrogates the transcriptional identity and suppresses growth and survival of human SCC cells. CRISPR/Cas9‐engineered in vivo mouse models establish that endogenous USP28 is strictly required for both induction and maintenance of lung SCC. Our data strongly suggest that targeting ∆Np63 abundance via inhibition of USP28 is a promising strategy for the treatment of SCC tumours.
KW  - ∆Np63
KW  - NOTCH
KW  - squamous cell carcinoma
KW  - 28
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218303
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -