TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blättner, Sebastian
A1  - Das, Sudip
A1  - Paprotka, Kerstin
A1  - Eilers, Ursula
A1  - Krischke, Markus
A1  - Kretschmer, Dorothee
A1  - Remmele, Christian W.
A1  - Dittrich, Marcus
A1  - Müller, Tobias
A1  - Schuelein-Voelk, Christina
A1  - Hertlein, Tobias
A1  - Mueller, Martin J.
A1  - Huettel, Bruno
A1  - Reinhardt, Richard
A1  - Ohlsen, Knut
A1  - Rudel, Thomas
A1  - Fraunholz, Martin J.
T1  - Staphylococcus aureus Exploits a Non-ribosomal Cyclic Dipeptide to Modulate Survival within Epithelial Cells and Phagocytes
JF  - PLoS Pathogens
N2  - Community-acquired (CA) Staphylococcus aureus cause various diseases even in healthy individuals. Enhanced virulence of CA-strains is partly attributed to increased production of toxins such as phenol-soluble modulins (PSM). The pathogen is internalized efficiently by mammalian host cells and intracellular S. aureus has recently been shown to contribute to disease. Upon internalization, cytotoxic S. aureus strains can disrupt phagosomal membranes and kill host cells in a PSM-dependent manner. However, PSM are not sufficient for these processes. Here we screened for factors required for intracellular S. aureus virulence. We infected escape reporter host cells with strains from an established transposon mutant library and detected phagosomal escape rates using automated microscopy. We thereby, among other factors, identified a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) to be required for efficient phagosomal escape and intracellular survival of S. aureus as well as induction of host cell death. By genetic complementation as well as supplementation with the synthetic NRPS product, the cyclic dipeptide phevalin, wild-type phenotypes were restored. We further demonstrate that the NRPS is contributing to virulence in a mouse pneumonia model. Together, our data illustrate a hitherto unrecognized function of the S. aureus NRPS and its dipeptide product during S. aureus infection.
KW  - cell death
KW  - cytotoxicity
KW  - Staphylococcus aureus
KW  - host cells
KW  - neutrophils
KW  - macrophages
KW  - transposable elements
KW  - epithelial cells
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180380
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zahnert, Thomas
A1  - Löwenheim, Hubert
A1  - Beutner, Dirk
A1  - Hagen, Rudolf
A1  - Ernst, Arneborg
A1  - Pau, Hans-Wilhelm
A1  - Zehlicke, Thorsten
A1  - Kühne, Hilke
A1  - Friese, Natascha
A1  - Tropitzsch, Anke
A1  - Lüers, Jan-Christoffer
A1  - Mlynski, Robert
A1  - Todt, Ingo
A1  - Hüttenbrink, Karl-Bernd
T1  - Multicenter Clinical Trial of Vibroplasty Couplers to Treat Mixed/Conductive Hearing Loss: First Results
JF  - Audiology and Neurotology
N2  - Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of round window (RW), oval window (OW), CliP and Bell couplers for use with an active middle ear implant. Methods: This is a multicenter, long-term, prospective trial with consecutive enrollment, involving 6 university hospitals in Germany. Bone conduction, air conduction, implant-aided warble-tone thresholds and Freiburger monosyllable word recognition scores were compared with unaided preimplantation results in 28 moderate-to-profound hearing-impaired patients after 12 months of follow-up. All patients had previously undergone failed reconstruction surgeries (up to 5 or more). In a subset of patients, additional speech tests at 12 months postoperatively were used to compare the aided with the unaided condition after implantation with the processor switched off. An established quality-of-life questionnaire for hearing aids was used to determine patient satisfaction. Results: Postoperative bone conduction remained stable. Mean functional gain for all couplers was 37 dB HL (RW = 42 dB, OW = 35 dB, Bell = 38 dB, CliP = 27 dB). The mean postoperative Freiburger monosyllable score was 71% at 65 dB SPL. The postimplantation mean SRT<sub>50</sub> (speech reception in quiet for 50% understanding of words in sentences) improved on average by 23 dB over unaided testing and signal-to-noise ratios also improved in all patients. The International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA)quality-of-life questionnaire was scored very positively by all patients. Conclusion: A significant improvement was seen with all couplers, and patients were satisfied with the device at 12 months postoperatively. These results demonstrate that an active implant is an advantage in achieving good hearing benefit in patients with prior failed reconstruction surgery.
KW  - conductive hearing loss
KW  - mixed hearing loss
KW  - vibroplasty
KW  - couplers
KW  - middle ear implant
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199129
SN  - 1420-3030
SN  - 1421-9700
N1  - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmid, Michael
A1  - Steinlein, Claus
A1  - Winking, Heinz
T1  - Multicolor Spectral Analyses of Mitotic and Meiotic Mouse Chromosomes Involved in Multiple Robertsonian Translocations. I. The CD/Cremona Hybrid Strain
JF  - Cytogenetic and Genome Research
N2  - Multicolor spectral analysis (spectral karyotyping) was applied to mitotic and male diakinetic chromosomes of hybrid mice carrying a unique system of 18 autosomal Robertsonian translocation chromosomes with alternating arm homologies. Only the autosomes 19 and the XY sex chromosomes are excluded from these Robertsonian translocations. The translocations, previously identified by conventional banding analyses, could be verified by spectral karyotyping. Besides the Robertsonian translocations, no other interchromosomal rearrangements were detected. In diakineses of male meiosis, the 18 metacentric Robertsonian translocation chromosomes form a very large meiotic ‘superring'. The predictable, specific order of the chromosomes along this ‘superring' was completely confirmed by multicolor spectral analysis. In the majority of diakineses analyzed, the free autosomal bivalent 19 and the XY sex bivalent form a conspicuous complex which tightly associates with the 12;14 Robertsonian translocation chromosome in the ‘superring'.
KW  - meiotic ‘superring’
KW  - mouse
KW  - Robertsonian translocation chromosomes
KW  - spectral karyotyping
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199013
SN  - 1424-8581
SN  - 1424-859X
N1  - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
VL  - 147
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmid, Michael
A1  - Steinlein, Claus
T1  - Chromosome Banding in Amphibia. XXXIII. Demonstration of 5-Methylcytosine-Rich Heterochromatin in Anura
JF  - Cytogenetic and Genome Research
N2  - An experimental approach using monoclonal anti-5-methylcytosine (5-MeC) antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence was elaborated for detecting 5-MeC-rich chromosome regions in anuran chromosomes. This technique was applied to mitotic metaphases of 6 neotropical frog species belonging to 6 genera and 4 families. The hypermethylation patterns were compared with a variety of banding patterns obtained by conventional banding techniques. The hypermethylated DNA sequences are species-specific and located exclusively in constitutive heterochromatin. They are found in centromeric, pericentromeric, telomeric, and interstitial positions of the chromosomes and adjacent to nucleolus organizer regions. 5-MeC-rich DNA sequences can be embedded both in AT- and GC-rich repetitive DNA. The experimental parameters that have major influence on the reproducibility and quality of the anti-5-MeC antibody labeling are discussed.
KW  - Anura
KW  - heterochromatin
KW  - hypermethylated DNA
KW  - immunofluorescence
KW  - 5-Methylcytosine
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199022
SN  - 1424-8581
SN  - 1424-859X
N1  - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
VL  - 148
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dengler, Julius
A1  - Maldaner, Nicolai
A1  - Gläsker, Sven
A1  - Endres, Matthias
A1  - Wagner, Martin
A1  - Malzahn, Uwe
A1  - Heuschmann, Peter U.
A1  - Vajkoczy, Peter
T1  - Outcome of Surgical or Endovascular Treatment of Giant Intracranial Aneurysms, with Emphasis on Age, Aneurysm Location, and Unruptured Aneuryms - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
JF  - Cerebrovascular Diseases
N2  - Background: Designing treatment strategies for unruptured giant intracranial aneurysms (GIA) is difficult as evidence of large clinical trials is lacking. We examined the outcome following surgical or endovascular GIA treatment focusing on patient age, GIA location and unruptured GIA. Methods: Medline and Embase were searched for studies reporting on GIA treatment outcome published after January 2000. We calculated the proportion of good outcome (PGO) for all included GIA and for unruptured GIA by meta-analysis using a random effects model. Results: We included 54 studies containing 64 study populations with 1,269 GIA at a median follow-up time (FU-T) of 26.4 months (95% CI 10.8-42.0). PGO was 80.9% (77.4-84.4) in the analysis of all GIA compared to 81.2% (75.3-86.1) in the separate analysis of unruptured GIA. For each year added to patient age, PGO decreased by 0.8%, both for all GIA and unruptured GIA. For all GIA, surgical treatment resulted in a PGO of 80.3% (95% CI 76.0-84.6) compared to 84.2% (78.5-89.8, p = 0.27) after endovascular treatment. In unruptured GIA, PGO was 79.7% (95% CI 71.5-87.8) after surgical treatment and 84.9% (79.1-90.7, p = 0.54) after endovascular treatment. PGO was lower in high quality studies and in studies presenting aggregate instead of individual patient data. In unruptured GIA, the OR for good treatment outcome was 5.2 (95% CI 2.0-13.0) at the internal carotid artery compared to 0.1 (0.1-0.3, p < 0.1) in the posterior circulation. Patient sex, FU-T and prevalence of ruptured GIA were not associated with PGO. Conclusions: We found that the chances of good outcome after surgical or endovascular GIA treatment mainly depend on patient age and aneurysm location rather than on the type of treatment conducted. Our analysis may inform future research on GIA.
KW  - surgical aneurysm treatment
KW  - giant intracranial aneurysm
KW  - endovascular treatment
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196792
SN  - 1015-9770
SN  - 1421-9786
N1  - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
VL  - 41
IS  - 3-4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Almanzar, Giovanni
A1  - Klein, Matthias
A1  - Schmalzing, Marc
A1  - Hilligardt, Deborah
A1  - El Hajj, Nady
A1  - Kneitz, Hermann
A1  - Wild, Vanessa
A1  - Rosenwald, Andreas
A1  - Benoit, Sandrine
A1  - Hamm, Henning
A1  - Tony, Hans-Peter
A1  - Haaf, Thomas
A1  - Goebeler, Matthias
A1  - Prelog, Martina
T1  - Disease Manifestation and Inflammatory Activity as Modulators of Th17/Treg Balance and RORC/FoxP3 Methylation in Systemic Sclerosis
JF  - International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
N2  - Background: There is much evidence that T cells are strongly involved in the pathogenesis of localized and systemic forms of scleroderma (SSc). A dysbalance between FoxP3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) and inflammatory T-helper (Th) 17 cells has been suggested. Methods: The study aimed (1) to investigate the phenotypical and functional characteristics of Th17 and Tregs in SSc patients depending on disease manifestation (limited vs. diffuse cutaneous SSc, dcSSc) and activity, and (2) the transcriptional level and methylation status of Th17- and Treg-specific transcription factors. Results: There was a concurrent accumulation of circulating peripheral IL-17-producing CCR6+ Th cells and FoxP3+ Tregs in patients with dcSSc. At the transcriptional level, Th17- and Treg-associated transcription factors were elevated in SSc. A strong association with high circulating Th17 and Tregs was seen with early, active, and severe disease presentation. However, a diminished suppressive function on autologous lymphocytes was found in SSc-derived Tregs. Significant relative hypermethylation was seen at the gene level for RORC1 and RORC2 in SSc, particularly in patients with high inflammatory activity. Conclusions: Besides the high transcriptional activity of T cells, attributed to Treg or Th17 phenotype, in active SSc disease, Tregs may be insufficient to produce high amounts of IL-10 or to control proliferative activity of effector T cells in SSc. Our results suggest a high plasticity of Tregs strongly associated with the Th17 phenotype. Future directions may focus on enhancing Treg functions and stabilization of the Treg phenotype.
KW  - methylation
KW  - systemic sclerosis
KW  - suppression
KW  - Tregs
KW  - Th17
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196577
SN  - 1018-2438
SN  - 1423-0097
N1  - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
VL  - 171
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmid, Michael
A1  - Steinlein, Claus
T1  - Chromosome Banding in Amphibia. XXXIV. Intrachromosomal Telomeric DNA Sequences in Anura
JF  - Cytogenetic and Genome Research
N2  - The mitotic chromosomes of 4 anuran species were examined by various classical banding techniques and by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a (TTAGGG)\(_n\) repeat. Large intrachromosomal telomeric sequences (ITSs) were demonstrated in differing numbers and chromosome locations. A detailed comparison of the present results with numerous published and unpublished data allowed a consistent classification of the various categories of large ITSs present in the genomes of anurans and other vertebrates. The classification takes into consideration the total numbers of large ITSs in the karyotypes, their chromosomal locations and their specific distribution patterns. A new category of large ITSs was recognized to exist in anuran species. It consists of large clusters of ITSs located in euchromatic chromosome segments, which is in clear contrast to the large ITSs in heterochromatic chromosome regions known in vertebrates. The origin of the different categories of large ITSs in heterochromatic and euchromatic chromosome regions, their mode of distribution in the karyotypes and evolutionary fixation in the genomes, as well as their cytological detection are discussed.
KW  - heterochromatin
KW  - intrachromosomal telomeric sequences
KW  - Anura
KW  - euchromatin
KW  - evolutionary fixation
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196693
SN  - 1424-8581
SN  - 1424-859X
N1  - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
VL  - 148
IS  - 2-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmid, Michael
A1  - Steinlein, Claus
A1  - Lomb, Christian
A1  - Sperling, Karl
A1  - Neitzel, Heidemarie
T1  - 5-Methylcytosine-Rich Heterochromatin in the Indian Muntjac
JF  - Cytogenetic and Genome Research
N2  - Two 5-methylcytosine (5-MeC)-rich heterochromatic regions were demonstrated in metaphase chromosomes of the Indian muntjac by indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal anti-5-MeC antibody. The metaphases were obtained from diploid and triploid cell lines. A major region is located in the ‘neck' of the 3;X fusion chromosome and can be detected after denaturation of the chromosomal DNA with UV-light irradiation for 1 h. It is located exactly at the border of the X chromosome and the translocated autosome 3. A minor region is found in the centromeric region of the free autosome 3 after denaturing the chromosomal DNA for 3 h or longer. The structure and possible function of the major hypermethylated region as barrier against spreading of the X-inactivation process into the autosome 3 is discussed.
KW  - heterochromatin
KW  - immunofluorescence
KW  - Indian muntjac
KW  - 5-Methylcytosine
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196701
SN  - 1424-8581
SN  - 1424-859X
N1  - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
VL  - 147
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmid, Michael
A1  - Steinlein, Claus
A1  - Yano, Cassia F.
A1  - Cioffi, Marcelo B.
T1  - Hypermethylated Chromosome Regions in Nine Fish Species with Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes
JF  - Cytogenetic and Genome Research
N2  - Sites and amounts of 5-methylcytosine (5-MeC)-rich chromosome regions were detected in the karyotypes of 9 Brazilian species of Characiformes fishes by indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal anti-5-MeC antibody. These species, belonging to the genera Leporinus, Triportheus and Hoplias, are characterized by highly differentiated and heteromorphic ZW and XY sex chromosomes. In all species, the hypermethylated regions are confined to constitutive heterochromatin. The number and chromosome locations of hypermethylated heterochromatic regions in the karyotypes are constant and species-specific. Generally, heterochromatic regions that are darkly stained by the C-banding technique are distinctly hypermethylated, but several of the brightly fluorescing hypermethylated regions merely exhibit moderate or faint C-banding. The ZW and XY sex chromosomes of all 9 analyzed species also show species-specific heterochromatin hypermethylation patterns. The analysis of 5-MeC-rich chromosome regions contributes valuable data for comparative cytogenetics of closely related species and highlights the dynamic process of differentiation operating in the repetitive DNA fraction of sex chromosomes.
KW  - heterochromatin
KW  - heteromorphic sex chromosomes
KW  - hypermethylation
KW  - immunofluorescence
KW  - 5-Methylcytosine
KW  - fish
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196710
SN  - 1424-8581
SN  - 1424-859X
N1  - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
VL  - 147
IS  - 2-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vaiopoulos, Aristeidis G.
A1  - Kanakis, Meletios A.
A1  - Kapsimali, Violetta
A1  - Vaiopoulos, Georgios
A1  - Kaklamanis, Phedon G.
A1  - Zouboulis, Christos C.
T1  - Juvenile Adamantiades-Behçet disease
JF  - Dermatology
N2  - Adamantiades-Behçet disease (ABD) is a chronic, multisystemic, recurrent, inflammatory vascular disorder of unknown etiology. Patients with symptoms initially appearing at the age of 16 or less are considered as cases of juvenile-onset ABD (JABD). JABD is relatively rare compared to ABD of adults, and only case reports and case studies have been published regarding this subtype of the disease. Epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of JABD are discussed in this review.
KW  - Aphthae
KW  - Childhood
KW  - Epidemiological study
KW  - Genitoanal region
KW  - Adamantiades-Behçet disease
KW  - Behçet’s disease
KW  - Uveitis
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196616
SN  - 1018-8665
SN  - 1421-9832
N1  - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
VL  - 232
IS  - 2
SP  - 129
EP  - 136
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pfeilschifter, Rene
T1  - Jill Harries, Imperial Rome AD 284 to 363. The New Empire. (The Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome.) Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press 2011
JF  - Historische Zeitschrift
N2  - Rezension zu Jill Harries, Imperial Rome AD 284 to 363. The New Empire. (The Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome.) Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press 2011
KW  - Imperial Rome
KW  - The New Empire
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195497
SN  - 2196-680X
SN  - 0018-2613
N1  - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
VL  - 303
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aurast, Anna
A1  - Gradl, Tobias
A1  - Pernes, Stefan
A1  - Pielström, Steffen
T1  - Big Data und Smart Data in den Geisteswissenschaften
JF  - Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis
N2  - Kein Abstract verfügbar.
KW  - Textanalyse
KW  - unstrukturierte Daten
KW  - Natural Language Processing
KW  - Text analysis
KW  - unstructured data
KW  - natural language processing
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195237
SN  - 1865-7648
SN  - 0341-4183
N1  - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laubenthal, Klaus
T1  - Strafvollzug
JF  - Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft
N2  - Kein Abstract verfügbar.
KW  - Strafvollzug
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195349
SN  - 1612-703X
SN  - 0084-5310
N1  - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
VL  - 127
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Rainer F.
T1  - „Revanche pour Sedan“ – Frankreich und der Schlieffenplan. Militärische und bündnispolitische Vorbereitung des Ersten Weltkriegs
JF  - Historische Zeitschrift
N2  - In der mehr als einhundertjährigen Debatte über die Gründe und die Verantwortung für den Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkrieges blieb ein wesentlicher Faktor bislang unberücksichtigt: die französische Detailkenntnis des Schlieffenplans. Der Beitrag entwickelt die These, dass dieses Wissen um das seit 1913 alternativlose militärische Vorgehen des Deutschen Reiches sowie die sich hieraus ergebenden Handlungszwänge für Berlin zum Kompassbuch der Außen- und Militärpolitik Frankreichs vor dem Kriegsbeginn wurde. Als Ministerpräsident und als Staatspräsident verfolgte Poincaré eine Kriegsvorbereitungs- und Erpressungspolitik gegenüber Berlin. Sie sollte nicht nur die Sicherheit Frankreichs vor Deutschland verbürgen. Ihr Ziel und ihre Perspektive waren vielmehr die einer Revanche für 1870/71, um, analog zu Bismarcks Vorgehen in der „Hohenzollernkrise“, die Berliner Reichsleitung in eine Situation zu manövrieren, in der sich diese zur Flucht nach vorne in die Kriegsauslösung entschloss. Deshalb wurde die Entente Cordiale mit England zu einem de facto-Militärbündnis ausgebaut; deshalb agierte Poincaré als Geburtshelfer der Unterhandlungen für eine Marinekonvention zwischen London und Petersburg; und deshalb gab er der Pariser Balkanpolitik eine neue Ausrichtung, indem er die seit 1893/94 bestehende Beistandsautomatik gegenüber Rußland grundlegend modifizierte. Jetzt wurden die russischen Expansionsziele auf dem Balkan als handlungsleitendes Motiv der Pariser Politik adoptiert; jetzt wurde Petersburg angespornt, gegen Wien offensiv aufzutreten; jetzt bekamen die russischen Entscheidungsträger, anders als noch in der „bosnischen Annexionskrise“, die Versicherung uneingeschränkten französischen Beistands auf dem Balkan; und jetzt wurde mit Petersburg ein mit Anleihen unterfüttertes Kompensationsgeschäft abgeschlossen, das sich sowohl diplomatisch wie vor allem militärisch gegen Deutschland richtete und die Prämissen des Schlieffenplans zunehmend aushebelte. All diese Vorkehrungen dienten dazu, die Unzulänglichkeiten der eigenen militärstrategischen Aufstellung gemäß „Plan XVII“ auszubalancieren, die offene belgische Flanke abzudichten, die eminenten Bedenken der eigenen Generalität zu zerstreuen und Frankreich in einem Krieg an der Seite Russlands und Englands eine Siegchance zu verschaffen. Vor allem aber erfüllten sie den Zweck, Deutschland herauszufordern und unter enormen Handlungsdruck zu setzen. Die von Poincaré angeheizten Einkreisungsphobien in der deutschen Führungsspitze ebneten somit Berlin den Weg in die hochriskante und nicht beherrschbare Konfrontations- und Risikopolitik der „Julikrise“. Poincarés Kalkül erfüllt den Tatbestand einer indirekten Kriegsentfesselung.
KW  - Connectivity
KW  - World War I
KW  - Kriegspolitik
KW  - Kriegsvorbereitung
KW  - Entente Cordiale
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195379
SN  - 2196-680X
SN  - 0018-2613
N1  - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
VL  - 303
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Essler, Holger
T1  - Phylenzahl und Phylenzyklus in Hermupolis und Oxyrhynchos
JF  - Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete
N2  - While the tribal cycles in Oxyrhynchos are fairly well attested from AD 206 until 271, no system has been proposed for other periods or other metropoleis. On the basis of recently published texts a first attempt is made to reconstruct the tribal cycles in Oxyrhynchus and Hermopolis for the later part of the 4th century.
KW  - Hermopolis
KW  - Oxyrhynchos
KW  - tribes
KW  - liturgy
KW  - administration
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195465
SN  - 1867-1551
SN  - 0066-6459
N1  - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Appel, Alexandra
T1  - Multi-Channel-Einzelhandel und Embeddedness - das
Beispiel Migros Sanal Market in der Türkei
T2  - Online-Handel ist Wandel
N2  - No abstract available.
KW  - Multi-Channel-Einzelhandel
KW  - Embeddedness
KW  - Migros Sanal Market
KW  - Türkei
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-182662
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Verma, Pramod Kumar
A1  - Steinbacher, Andreas
A1  - Schmiedel, Alexander
A1  - Nuernberger, Patrick
A1  - Brixner, Tobias
T1  - Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer of 2-acetylindan-1,3-dione studied by ultrafast absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy
JF  - Structural Dynamics
N2  - We employ transient absorption from the deep-UV to the visible region and fluorescence upconversion to investigate the photoinduced excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer dynamics in a biologically relevant drug molecule, 2-acetylindan-1,3-dione. The molecule is a ß-diketone which in the electronic ground state exists as exocyclic enol with an intramolecular H-bond. Upon electronic excitation at 300 nm, the first excited state of the exocyclic enol is initially populated, followed by ultrafast proton transfer (≈160 fs) to form the vibrationally hot endocyclic enol. Subsequently, solvent-induced vibrational relaxation takes place (≈10 ps) followed by decay (≈390 ps) to the corresponding ground state.
KW  - time resolved spectroscopy
KW  - ground states
KW  - fluorescence spectra
KW  - absorption spectra
KW  - ultraviolet light
KW  - hydrogen bonding
KW  - excited states
KW  - reaction mechanisms
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - solvents
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181301
VL  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Ott, Christine
T1  - Zur Ver- und Entschränkung von Schulbucharbeit und Schulbuchzulassung. Theoretische Grundlegung und historische Skizze.
T2  - Schulbücher auf dem Prüfstand
N2  - Kein Abstract verfügbar.
KW  - Schulbucharbeit
KW  - Schulbuchzulassung
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203986
UR  - https://www.klinkhardt.de/verlagsprogramm/2132.html
PB  - Verlag Julius Klinkhardt
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Münst, Bernhard
A1  - Thier, Marc Christian
A1  - Winnemöller, Dirk
A1  - Helfen, Martina
A1  - Thummer, Rajkumar P.
A1  - Edenhofer, Frank
T1  - Nanog induces suppression of senescence through downregulation of p27\(^{KIP1}\) expression
JF  - Journal of Cell Science
N2  - A comprehensive analysis of the molecular network of cellular factors establishing and maintaining pluripotency as well as self renewal of pluripotent stem cells is key for further progress in understanding basic stem cell biology. Nanog is necessary for the natural induction of pluripotency in early mammalian development but dispensable for both its maintenance and its artificial induction. To gain further insight into the molecular activity of Nanog, we analyzed the outcomes of Nanog gain-of-function in various cell models employing a recently developed biologically active recombinant cell-permeant protein, Nanog-TAT. We found that Nanog enhances the proliferation of both NIH 3T3 and primary fibroblast cells. Nanog transduction into primary fibroblasts results in suppression of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. Investigation of cell cycle factors revealed that transient activation of Nanog correlates with consistent downregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27\(^{KIP1}\) (also known as CDKN1B). By performing chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, we confirmed bona fide Nanog-binding sites upstream of the p27\(^{KIP1}\) gene, establishing a direct link between physical occupancy and functional regulation. Our data demonstrates that Nanog enhances proliferation of fibroblasts through transcriptional regulation of cell cycle inhibitor p27 gene.
KW  - Embryonic stem cell
KW  - Protein transduction
KW  - Pluripotency
KW  - Senescence
KW  - Cell reprogramming
KW  - p27(KIP1)
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190761
VL  - 129
IS  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ehnert, Ina
A1  - Parsa, Sepideh
A1  - Roper, Ian
A1  - Wagner, Marcus
A1  - Muller-Camen, Michael
T1  - Reporting on sustainability and HRM: a comparative study of sustainability reporting practices by the world's largest companies
JF  - International Journal of Human Resource Management
N2  - As a response to the growing public awareness on the importance of organisational contributions to sustainable development, there is an increased incentive for corporations to report on their sustainability activities. In parallel with this has been the development of Sustainable HRM' which embraces a growing body of practitioner and academic literature connecting the notions of corporate sustainability to HRM. The aim of this article is to analyse corporate sustainability reporting amongst the world's largest companies and to assess the HRM aspects of sustainability within these reports in comparison to environmental aspects of sustainable management and whether organisational attributes - principally country-of-origin - influences the reporting of such practices. A focus in this article is the extent to which the reporting of various aspects of sustainability may reflect dominant models of corporate governance in the country in which a company is headquartered. The findings suggest, first and against expectations, that the overall disclosure on HRM-related performance is not lower than that on environmental performance. Second, companies report more on their internal workforce compared to their external workforce. Finally, international differences, in particular those between companies headquartered in liberal market economies and coordinated market economies, are not as apparent as expected.
KW  - Human Resource Management
KW  - comparative HRM
KW  - global reporting initiative
KW  - sustainability reporting
KW  - Sustainable HRM
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-191141
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
ER  -