TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schuhmann, Michael K.
A1  - Fluri, Felix
T1  - Effects of fullerenols on mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells
JF  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2  - Fullerenols, water-soluble C60-fullerene derivatives, have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo, most likely due to their capability to scavenge free radicals. However, little is known about the effects of fullerenols on the blood–brain barrier (BBB), especially on cerebral endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions. Here, we investigated whether the treatment of primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells with fullerenols impacts basal and inflammatory blood–brain barrier (BBB) properties in vitro. While fullerenols (1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) did not change transendothelial electrical resistance under basal and inflammatory conditions, 100 µg/mL of fullerenol significantly reduced erk1/2 activation and resulted in an activation of NFκB in an inflammatory milieu. Our findings suggest that fullerenols might counteract oxidative stress via the erk1/2 and NFκB pathways, and thus are able to protect microvascular endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions.
KW  - mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell cultur
KW  - adhesion molecules
KW  - fullerenes
KW  - blood-brain barrier
KW  - inflammation
KW  - tight junctions
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158072
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 18
IS  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Enigk, Fabian
A1  - Wagner, Antje
A1  - Samapati, Rudi
A1  - Rittner, Heike
A1  - Brack, Alexander
A1  - Mousa, Shaaban A.
A1  - Schäfer, Michael
A1  - Habazettl, Helmut
A1  - Schäper, Jörn
T1  - Thoracic epidural anesthesia decreases endotoxin-induced endothelial injury
JF  - BMC Anesthesiology
N2  - Background: The sympathetic nervous system is considered to modulate the endotoxin-induced activation of immune cells. Here we investigate whether thoracic epidural anesthesia with its regional symapathetic blocking effect alters endotoxin-induced leukocyte-endothelium activation and interaction with subsequent endothelial injury. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized, cannulated and hemodynamically monitored. E. coli lipopolysaccharide (Serotype 0127: B8, 1.5 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) or isotonic saline (controls) was infused for 300 minutes. An epidural catheter was inserted for continuous application of lidocaine or normal saline in endotoxemic animals and saline in controls. After 300 minutes we measured catecholamine and cytokine plasma concentrations, adhesion molecule expression, leukocyte adhesion, and intestinal tissue edema. Results: In endotoxemic animals with epidural saline, LPS significantly increased the interleukin-1 beta plasma concentration (48%), the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules E-selectin (34%) and ICAM-1 (42%), and the number of adherent leukocytes (40%) with an increase in intestinal myeloperoxidase activity (26%) and tissue edema (75%) when compared to healthy controls. In endotoxemic animals with epidural infusion of lidocaine the values were similar to those in control animals, while epinephrine plasma concentration was 32% lower compared to endotoxemic animals with epidural saline. Conclusions: Thoracic epidural anesthesia attenuated the endotoxin-induced increase of IL-1 beta concentration, adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte-adhesion with subsequent endothelial injury. A potential mechanism is the reduction in the plasma concentration of epinephrine.
KW  - endotoxemia
KW  - myeloperoxidase
KW  - endothelial injury
KW  - adhesion molecules
KW  - inflammatory response
KW  - intestinal microvascular perfusion
KW  - cell-adhesion
KW  - induced impairment
KW  - reperfusion injury
KW  - sepsis
KW  - neutrophil
KW  - lidocaine
KW  - lung injury
KW  - cytokines
KW  - epidural anesthesia
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-116787
VL  - 14
IS  - 23
ER  -