TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dostál, Jakub
A1  - Fennel, Franziska
A1  - Koch, Federico
A1  - Herbst, Stefanie
A1  - Würthner, Frank
A1  - Brixner, Tobias
T1  - Direct observation of exciton–exciton interactions
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Natural light harvesting as well as optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices depend on efficient transport of energy following photoexcitation. Using common spectroscopic methods, however, it is challenging to discriminate one-exciton dynamics from multi-exciton interactions that arise when more than one excitation is present in the system. Here we introduce a coherent two-dimensional spectroscopic method that provides a signal only in case that the presence of one exciton influences the behavior of another one. Exemplarily, we monitor exciton diffusion by annihilation in a perylene bisimide-based J-aggregate. We determine quantitatively the exciton diffusion constant from exciton–exciton-interaction 2D spectra and reconstruct the annihilation-free dynamics for large pump powers. The latter enables for ultrafast spectroscopy at much higher intensities than conventionally possible and thus improves signal-to-noise ratios for multichromophore systems; the former recovers spatio–temporal dynamics for a broad range of phenomena in which exciton interactions are present.
KW  - energy transfer
KW  - self-assembly
KW  - optical spectroscopy
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226271
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ouyang, Guanghui
A1  - Rühe, Jessica
A1  - Zhang, Yang
A1  - Lin, Mei-Jin
A1  - Liu, Minghua
A1  - Würthner, Frank
T1  - Intramolecular Energy and Solvent-Dependent Chirality Transfer within a BINOL-Perylene Hetero-Cyclophane
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - Multichromophoric macrocycles and cyclophanes are important supramolecular architectures for the elucidation of interchromophoric interactions originating from precise spatial organization. Herein, by combining an axially chiral binaphthol bisimide (BBI) and a bay-substituted conformationally labile twisted perylene bisimide (PBI) within a cyclophane of well-defined geometry, we report a chiral PBI hetero-cyclophane (BBI-PBI) that shows intramolecular energy and solvent-regulated chirality transfer from the BBI to the PBI subunit. Excellent spectral overlap and spatial arrangement of BBI and PBI lead to efficient excitation energy transfer and subsequent PBI emission with high quantum yield (80–98 %) in various solvents. In contrast, chirality transfer is strongly dependent on the respective solvent as revealed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The combination of energy and chirality transfer affords a bright red circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from the PBI chromophore by excitation of BBI.
KW  - chirality transfer
KW  - solvent effects
KW  - perylene bisimide
KW  - energy transfer
KW  - cyclophanes
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318818
VL  - 61
IS  - 31
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Matthes, Philipp R.
A1  - Schönfeld, Fabian
A1  - Zottnick, Sven H.
A1  - Müller-Buschbaum, Klaus
T1  - Post-synthetic shaping of porosity and crystal structure of Ln-Bipy-MOFs by thermal treatment
JF  - Molecules
N2  - The reaction of anhydrous lanthanide chlorides together with 4,4'-bipyridine yields the MOFs \(^{2}\)\(_{∞}\)[Ln\(_{2}\)Cl\(_{6}\)(bipy)\(_{3}\)]*2bipy, with Ln = Pr-Yb, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, and \(^{3}\)\(_{∞}\)[La\(_{2}\)Cl\(_{6}\)(bipy)\(_{5}\)]*4bipy. Post-synthetic thermal treatment in combination with different vacuum conditions was successfully used to shape the porosity of the MOFs. In addition to the MOFs microporosity, a tuneable mesoporosity can be implemented depending on the treatment conditions as a surface morphological modification. Furthermore, thermal treatment without vacuum results in several identifiable crystalline high-temperature phases. Instead of collapse of the frameworks upon heating, further aggregation under release of bipy is observed. \(^{3}\)\(_{∞}\)[LaCl\(_{3}\)(bipy)] and \(^{2}\)\(_{∞}\)[Ln\(_{3}\)Cl\(_{9}\)(bipy)\(_{3}\)], with Ln = La, Pr, Sm, and \(^{1}\)\(_{∞}\)[Ho\(_{2}\)Cl\(_{6}\)(bipy)\(_{2}\)] were identified and characterized, which can also exhibit luminescence. Besides being released upon heating, the linker 4,4'-bipyridine can undergo activation of C-C bonding in ortho-position leading to the in-situ formation of 4,4':2',2 '':4 '',4'''-quaterpyridine (qtpy). qtpy can thereby function as linker itself, as shown for the formation of the network \(^{2}\)\(_{∞}\)[Gd\(_{2}\)Cl\(_{6}\)(qtpy)\(_{2}\)(bipy)\(_{2}\)]*bipy. Altogether, the manuscript elaborates the influence of thermal treatment beyond the usual activation procedures reported for MOFs.
KW  - energy transfer
KW  - ligand
KW  - Ln-MOFs
KW  - luminescence crystal structure
KW  - metal-organic frameworks
KW  - shaping of porosity
KW  - thermal treatment
KW  - luminescence
KW  - crystal scructure
KW  - coordination polymers
KW  - solid state
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148404
VL  - 20
ER  -