TY - THES A1 - Al-Hazza, Aseel T1 - Zu Grad, Konfiguration und Verlauf der Schallempfindungsschwerhörigkeit bei Kindern mit einer Connexin-26-Mutation T1 - The level, configuration and progression of the sensorineural hearing loss of children with Connexin-26-mutation N2 - Verschiedene Forschungsergebnisse der letzten zehn Jahre ergaben, dass die weitaus häufigeren, nicht-syndromalen Schwerhörigkeiten durch Mutation eines Gens (GJB2-Gen) entstehen, welches im Cortischen Organ des Innenohrs exprimiert wird. Das GJB2-Gen (Connexin-26-Gen), dessen Veränderung etwa 50 % der Fälle von autosomal rezessiver Schwerhörigkeit ausmacht, liegt im Chromosomenbereich 13q11–12. Aktuell identifiziert sind mehr als 70 weitere Loki, die in Verbindung mit nicht-syndromalen Formen von Schwerhörigkeit stehen. Die Prävalenz von NSHL beträgt nach neusten Studien ca. 1,33 pro 1000 Neugeborenen. In Würzburg wurden bis zum Jahr 2011 auf der Neugeborenenstation der Frauenklinik der Universitätsklinik in einem bewährten zweistufigen Neugeborenen-Hörscreening ca. 12853 Babys untersucht. Ziel des Neugeborenen-Hörscreenings ist eine frühestmögliche Erkennung von Schwerhörigkeit bei Neugeborenen, damit durch die Behandlung eine ungehinderte Sprachentwicklung gewährleistet werden kann. In dieser Arbeit wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen der Mutation im Connexin-26-Gen und dem Grad, dem Verlauf und der Konfiguration der Hörminderung untersucht. Hierfür wurden 59 Patienten im Alter von 1 bis 15 Jahren mit beidseitigen, nicht-syndromalen Hörstörungen der Schallempfindung verschiedenen Grades rekrutiert. Mithilfe der molekulargenetischen Befunde konnten Veränderungen im Connexin-26-Gen diagnostiziert werden. Anschließend wurde versucht, unter Zuhilfenahme aller vorhandenen Befunde der individuellen Audiogramm- und BERA- oder ASSR-Befunde eine Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation abzuleiten. N2 - Different research studies in the last ten years resulted, that the more frequently and non-syndromal hearing loss result of mutation in the gene (GJB2-Gen), witch express in cortical organ the inner ear. The GJB2-Gen (Connexin-26-Gen) plays a decisive role in the 50% the autosomal recessive cases of hearing loss and it is localized on chromosome 13q11–12. Up to now there are more than 70 Loci identified, witch also connected with the non-syndromal hearing loss. The prevalence of NSHL amounts according to the newest studies about 1,33 per 1000 newborn. Until 2011, about 12853 babies have been examined at the neonatal ward of the gynecological university hospital in Würzburg in a proven two-stage newborn hearing screening. Goal of the screening was, to detect deafness in neonates as early as possible. Consequently, unhindered language development throughout the treatment can be assured . In this thesis, the relation between mutation in connexin-26 gene and the degree, course and configuration of hearing loss was investigated. For this purpose, 59 patients aged 1 to 15 years with bilateral, non-syndromic hearing loss of a variety acoustic perception form, were gathered. Using molecular genetic examenation methods, changes of the connexin-26 gene were diagnosed. Subsequently, by analyzing all available findings of individual audiogram and BERA or ASSR, a genotype-phenotype correlation was established. KW - Connexin-26-Mutation KW - Nichtsyndromale Schallemfindungsschwerhörigkeit Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150966 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ickrath, Pascal A1 - Wagner, Martin A1 - Scherzad, Agmal A1 - Gehrke, Thomas A1 - Burghartz, Marc A1 - Hagen, Rudolf A1 - Radeloff, Katrin A1 - Kleinsasser, Norbert A1 - Hackenberg, Stephan T1 - Time-Dependent Toxic and Genotoxic Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles after Long-Term and Repetitive Exposure to Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) are widely spread in consumer products. Data about the toxicological characteristics of ZnO-NP is still under controversial discussion. The human skin is the most important organ concerning ZnO-NP exposure. Intact skin was demonstrated to be a sufficient barrier against NPs; however, defect skin may allow NP contact to proliferating cells. Within these cells, stem cells are the most important toxicological target for NPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of ZnO-NP at low-dose concentrations after long-term and repetitive exposure to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Cytotoxic effects of ZnO-NP were measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, genotoxicity was evaluated by the comet assay. For long-term observation over 6 weeks, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied. The results of the study indicated cytotoxic effects of ZnO-NP beginning at high concentrations of 50 μg/mL and genotoxic effects in hMSC exposed to 1 and 10 μg/mL ZnO-NP. Repetitive exposure enhanced cyto- but not genotoxicity. Intracellular NP accumulation was observed up to 6 weeks. The results suggest cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of ZnO-NP. Even low doses of ZnO-NP may induce toxic effects as a result of repetitive exposure and long-term cellular accumulation. This data should be considered before using ZnO-NP on damaged skin. KW - zinc oxide KW - ZnO KW - nanoparticles KW - cytotoxicity KW - toxicity KW - genotoxicity Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-169932 VL - 14 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Marianne A1 - Skaf, Josef A1 - Gavril, Georgiana A1 - Polednik, Christine A1 - Roller, Jeanette A1 - Kessler, Michael A1 - Holzgrabe, Ulrike T1 - The influence of Osmunda regalis root extract on head and neck cancer cell proliferation, invasion and gene expression JF - BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine N2 - Background: According to only a handful of historical sources, Osmunda regalis, the royal fern, has been used already in the middle age as an anti-cancer remedy. To examine this ancient cancer cure, an ethanolic extract of the roots was prepared and analysed in vitro on its effectiveness against head and neck cancer cell lines. Methods: Proliferation inhibition was measured with the MTT assay. Invasion inhibition was tested in a spheroid-based 3-D migration assay on different extracellular matrix surfaces. Corresponding changes in gene expression were analysed by qRT-PCR array. Induction of apoptosis was measured by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) with the Annexin V binding method. The plant extract was analysed by preliminary phytochemical tests, liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Anti-angiogenetic activity was determined by the tube formation assay. Results: O. regalis extract revealed a growth inhibiting effect on the head and neck carcinoma cell lines HLaC78 and FaDu. The toxic effect seems to be partially modulated by p-glycoprotein, as the MDR-1 expressing HLaC79-Tax cells were less sensitive. O. regalis extract inhibited the invasion of cell lines on diverse extracellular matrix substrates significantly. Especially the dispersion of the highly motile cell line HlaC78 on laminin was almost completely abrogated. Motility inhibition on laminin was accompanied by differential gene regulation of a variety of genes involved in cell adhesion and metastasis. Furthermore, O. regalis extract triggered apoptosis in HNSCC cell lines and inhibited tube formation of endothelial cells. Preliminary phytochemical analysis proved the presence of tannins, glycosides, steroids and saponins. Liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) revealed a major peak of an unknown substance with a molecular mass of 864.15 Da, comprising about 50% of the total extract. Thin layer chromatography identified ferulic acid to be present in the extract. Conclusion: The presented results justify the use of royal fern extracts as an anti-cancer remedy in history and imply a further analysis of ingredients. KW - head and neck carcinoma KW - invasion KW - plant extract KW - proliferation KW - HNSCC KW - metastasis KW - gene expression KW - Osmunda regalis Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158704 VL - 17 IS - 518 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Kaiser, Philipp A1 - Wohlleben, Gisela A1 - Gehrke, Thomas A1 - Scherzad, Agmal A1 - Scheich, Matthias A1 - Malzahn, Uwe A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Vordermark, Dirk A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - Perioperative changes in osteopontin and TGFβ1 plasma levels and their prognostic impact for radiotherapy in head and neck cancer JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background: In head and neck cancer little is known about the kinetics of osteopontin (OPN) expression after tumor resection. In this study we evaluated the time course of OPN plasma levels before and after surgery. Methods: Between 2011 and 2013 41 consecutive head and neck cancer patients were enrolled in a prospective study (group A). At different time points plasma samples were collected: T0) before, T1) 1 day, T2) 1 week and T3) 4 weeks after surgery. Osteopontin and TGFβ1 plasma concentrations were measured with a commercial ELISA system. Data were compared to 131 head and neck cancer patients treated with primary (n = 42) or postoperative radiotherapy (n = 89; group B1 and B2). Results: A significant OPN increase was seen as early as 1 day after surgery (T0 to T1, p < 0.01). OPN levels decreased to base line 3-4 weeks after surgery. OPN values were correlated with postoperative TGFβ1 expression suggesting a relation to wound healing. Survival analysis showed a significant benefit for patients with lower OPN levels both in the primary and postoperative radiotherapy group (B1: 33 vs 11.5 months, p = 0.017, B2: median not reached vs 33.4, p = 0.031). TGFβ1 was also of prognostic significance in group B1 (33.0 vs 10.7 months, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Patients with head and neck cancer showed an increase in osteopontin plasma levels directly after surgery. Four weeks later OPN concentration decreased to pre-surgery levels. This long lasting increase was presumably associated to wound healing. Both pretherapeutic osteopontin and TGFβ1 had prognostic impact. KW - perioperative changes KW - osteopontin KW - TGFβ1 KW - head and neck cancer KW - survival Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157529 VL - 17 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scherzad, Agmal A1 - Meyer, Till A1 - Kleinsasser, Norbert A1 - Hackenberg, Stephan T1 - Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Genotoxicity Short Running Title: Genotoxicity of ZnO NPs JF - Materials N2 - Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the most frequently applied nanomaterials in consumer products. Evidence exists regarding the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs in mammalian cells; however, knowledge about the potential genotoxicity of ZnO NPs is rare, and results presented in the current literature are inconsistent. Objectives: The aim of this review is to summarize the existing data regarding the DNA damage that ZnO NPs induce, and focus on the possible molecular mechanisms underlying genotoxic events. Methods: Electronic literature databases were systematically searched for studies that report on the genotoxicity of ZnO NPs. Results: Several methods and different endpoints demonstrate the genotoxic potential of ZnO NPs. Most publications describe in vitro assessments of the oxidative DNA damage triggered by dissoluted Zn2+ ions. Most genotoxicological investigations of ZnO NPs address acute exposure situations. Conclusion: Existing evidence indicates that ZnO NPs possibly have the potential to damage DNA. However, there is a lack of long-term exposure experiments that clarify the intracellular bioaccumulation of ZnO NPs and the possible mechanisms of DNA repair and cell survival. KW - zinc oxide nanoparticles KW - genotoxicity KW - DNA damage KW - ROS KW - autophagy Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-169948 VL - 10 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vona, Barbara A1 - Nanda, Indrajit A1 - Shehata-Dieler, Wafaa A1 - Haaf, Thomas T1 - Genetics of Tinnitus: Still in its Infancy JF - Frontiers in Neuroscience N2 - Tinnitus is the perception of a phantom sound that affects between 10 and 15% of the general population. Despite this considerable prevalence, treatments for tinnitus are presently lacking. Tinnitus exhibits a diverse array of recognized risk factors and extreme clinical heterogeneity. Furthermore, it can involve an unknown number of auditory and non-auditory networks and molecular pathways. This complex combination has hampered advancements in the field. The identification of specific genetic factors has been at the forefront of several research investigations in the past decade. Nine studies have examined genes in a case-control association approach. Recently, a genome-wide association study has highlighted several potentially significant pathways that are implicated in tinnitus. Two twin studies have calculated a moderate heritability for tinnitus and disclosed a greater concordance rate in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins. Despite the more recent data alluding to genetic factors in tinnitus, a strong association with any specific genetic locus is lacking and a genetic study with sufficient statistical power has yet to be designed. Future research endeavors must overcome the many inherent limitations in previous study designs. This review summarizes the previously embarked upon tinnitus genetic investigations and summarizes the hurdles that have been encountered. The identification of candidate genes responsible for tinnitus may afford gene based diagnostic approaches, effective therapy development, and personalized therapeutic intervention. KW - twin study KW - complex disorders KW - genetics KW - genetic heterogeneity KW - genome-wide association study (GWAS) KW - hearing loss KW - tinnitus Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170926 VL - 11 IS - 236 ER - TY - THES A1 - Paulus, Michael Georg T1 - Einfluss von Stickstoffdioxid auf die Zytokininduktion nasaler Epithelzellen bei Exposition mit dem Hausstaubmilbenallergen Der p 1 T1 - Influence of nitrogen dixoide on the cytokine induction of nasal epithelial cells by exposition with the house dust mite allergen Der p 1 N2 - Stickstoffdioxid ist ein Luftschadstoff, der mit dem Auftreten von allergischen Atemwegserkrankungen assoziiert ist. In dieser Studie wurde ein möglicher proallergischer Effekt von Stickstoffdioxid auf die durch eine Hausstaubmilbenallergie verursachte allergische Rhinitis untersucht. Primärzellkulturen aus nasalen Epithelzellen wurden einer einstündigen Gasexposition mit 0,1 ppm, 1 ppm und 10 ppm Stickstoffdioxid unterzogen, gefolgt von einer Exposition mit dem Hausstaubmilbenallergen Der p 1. Zellkulturen, die einer kombinierten Exposition aus 0,1 ppm Stickstoffdioxid und Der p 1 oder 1 ppm Stickstoffdioxid unterzogen wurden, zeigten eine erhöhte Induktion der Zytokine IL-6 und IL-8. Kein Effekt war bei einer reinen Exposition mit Der p 1 oder einer reinen Gasexposition zu beobachten. Über eine verstärkte Induktion von IL-6 und IL-8 kann Stickstoffdioxid einen proinflammatorischen Einfluss auf das Entzündungsgeschehen der allergischen Rhinitis nehmen und die Entstehung einer Sensibilisierungsreaktion fördern. Ein proinflammatorischer Effekt wurde bereits bei einer Stickstoffdioxidkonzentration von 0,1 ppm nachgewiesen, welche in Ballungsräumen von Industriestaaten regelmäßig erreicht wird. N2 - Nitrogen dioxide is an airborne pollutant which is associated with the prevalence of allergic airway disease. This study investigated a possible proallergic effect of nitrogen dioxide on the allergic rhintis caused by a house dust mite allergy. Primary cell cultures of human nasal epithelial cells were exposed with 0,1 ppm, 1 ppm or 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide for one hour, followed by an exposition with the house dust mite allergen Der p 1. Cell cultures who were exposed with 0,1 ppm or 1 ppm nitrogen dioxide and Der p 1 showed an increase in the induction of the cytokines IL-6 und IL-8. No effect was observed in cells only exposed to Der p 1 or only exposed to nitrogen dioxide. By increasing the production of these cytokines, nitrogen dioxide can possibly enhance the underlying immune response which leads to allergic inflammation and sensitization. A proinflammatoric effect was demonstrated at 0,1 ppm nitrogen dioxide, a concentration which is common in urban areas of industrialized nations. KW - Stickstoffdioxid KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Interleukin 8 KW - Hausstauballergie KW - Hausstaubmilbe KW - Der p 1 KW - Zytokininduktion Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153101 ER - TY - THES A1 - Konrad [verh. Bauer], Juliane T1 - Einfluss von auditorischer Belastung auf die Parameter der Herzfrequenzvariabilität T1 - Influence of auditory stress on heart rate variability N2 - Unter der Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HRV) versteht man die physiologischerweise von Schlag zu Schlag auftretenden Schwankungen der Herzfrequenz. Als nicht-invasive Methode kommt die Messung der HRV in verschiedenen Bereichen zur Beurteilung des Zustandes des autonomen Nervensystems zur Anwendung. Ziel der Arbeit war es, den Einfluss verschiedener Hörsituationen auf die HRV zu untersuchen und daraus indirekte Rückschlüsse auf die Höranstrengung zu ziehen. Es wurde der Freiburger Sprachverständlichkeitstest in drei verschiedenen Schalldruckpegeln, nämlich mit 20 dB (SPL), 40 dB (SPL) und 70 dB (SPL) durchgeführt. Die Erfassung der Herzaktivität erfolgte mit Hilfe eines Trainingscomputers mit Pulsmessung über einen Brustgurt. Die Spektralanalyse der RR-Intervalle erfolgte mittels der Software Kubios HRV, für die Auswertung wurden die mittlere Herzfrequenz, die SDNN, die RMSSD und die LF/HF-Ratio verwendet. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse entsprechen nicht denen einer klassischen Stressreaktion, sondern deuten auf eine Co-Aktivierung von Sympathikus und Parasympathikus hin. Möglicherweise spielen für die Veränderung der HRV-Parameter weniger die Stressreaktion als vielmehr komplexere Vorgänge, wie zum Beispiel die Verarbeitung der akustischen Stimuli im Kortex beziehungsweise das Verstehen und Wiedergeben des Gehörten eine Rolle. Die Parameter der Herzfrequenzvariabilität verändern sich signifikant durch Hören bei verschiedenen Schalldruckpegeln und schriftliches Wiedergeben von Sprachmaterial. Es bedarf jedoch weiterer Untersuchungen, um die genauen Zusammenhänge näher zu untersuchen sowie die verschiedenen Einflussfaktoren, die eine Rolle spielen, zu definieren. N2 - Heart rate variability (HRV) is defined as the fluctuations in the heart rate which occur physiologically from beat to beat. As a non-invasive method, the measurement of HRV is used in various areas to assess the condition of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the influence of different auditory situations on the HRV and to draw indirect conclusions about the listening effort. The Freiburg speech intelligibility test was performed in three different sound pressure levels, namely 20 dB (SPL), 40 dB (SPL) and 70 dB (SPL). The heart activity was recorded using a training computer with pulse measurement via a chest strap. Spectral analysis of the RR intervals was performed using Kubios HRV software. The mean heart rate, the SDNN, the RMSSD and the LF/HF ratio were used for the evaluation. The results obtained do not correspond to those of a classical stress reaction, but suggest a co-activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Possibly, not so much the stress reaction but rather more complex processes, such as the processing of the acoustic stimuli in the cortex or the understanding and reproduction of what is heard, play a key role in the change of the HRV parameters. The parameters of heart rate variability significantly change by hearing at various sound pressure levels and by written reproduction of speech material. However, further research is needed to study the exact relationships and to define the diverse influencing factors that play a role. KW - Herzfrequenzvariabilität KW - Audiologie KW - autonomes Nervensystem KW - Höranstrengung KW - Freiburger Sprachverständlichkeitstest KW - listening effort KW - Freiburg speech intelligibility test Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154293 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köping, Maria A1 - Shehata-Dieler, Wafaa A1 - Cebulla, Mario A1 - Rak, Kristen A1 - Oder, Daniel A1 - Müntze, Jonas A1 - Nordbeck, Peter A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Hagen, Rudolf A1 - Schraven, Sebastian T1 - Cardiac and renal dysfunction is associated with progressive hearing loss in patients with Fabry disease JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked recessive hereditary lysosomal storage disorder which results in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramid (Gb3) in tissues of kidney and heart as well as central and peripheral nervous system. Besides prominent renal and cardiac organ involvement, cochlear symptoms like high-frequency hearing loss and tinnitus are frequently found with yet no comprehensive data available in the literature. Objective To examine hearing loss in patients with FD depending on cardiac and renal function. Material and methods Single-center study with 68 FD patients enrolled between 2012 and 2016 at the Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery of the University of Würzburg. Every subject underwent an oto-rhino-laryngological examination as well as behavioral, electrophysiological and electroacoustical audiological testing. High-frequency thresholds were evaluated by using a modified PTA\(_{6}\) (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8) and HF-PTA (6, 8 kHz). Renal function was measured by eGFR, cardiac impairment was graduated by NYHA class. Results Sensorineural hearing loss was detected in 58.8% of the cohort, which occurred typically in sudden episodes and affected especially high frequencies. Hearing loss is asymmetric, beginning unilaterally and affecting the contralateral ear later. Tinnitus was reported by 41.2%. Renal and cardiac impairment influenced the severity of hearing loss (p < 0.05). Conclusions High frequency hearing loss is a common problem in patients with FD. Although not life-threatening, it can seriously reduce quality of life and should be taken into account in diagnosis and therapy. Optimized extensive hearing assessment including higher frequency thresholds should be used. KW - cardiac dysfunction KW - renal dysfunction KW - Fabry disease KW - hearing loss Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-169961 VL - 12 IS - 11 ER -