TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eidmann, Annette
A1  - Eisert, Marius
A1  - Rudert, Maximilian
A1  - Stratos, Ioannis
T1  - Influence of Vitamin D and C on bone marrow edema syndrome — A scoping review of the literature
JF  - Journal of Clinical Medicine
N2  - Bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) is a rare disease with a largely unknown etiology. The aim of this scoping review is to systematically evaluate and combine the available evidence about vitamin D and C and BMES. The analysis of the manuscripts was based on country of origin, number of patients, gender, study type, epidemiology, localization, bone mineral density measurements, vitamin status and therapy. Sixty studies were included. The overall number of patients was 823 with a male-to-female ratio of 1.55:1 and a mean age of 40.9 years. Studies were very heterogeneous and of diverging scientific scope with a weak level of evidence. The hip was the most affected joint, followed by the foot and ankle and the knee; 18.3% of patients suffered from multifocal BMES. Sixteen studies reported on vitamin D levels, resulting in a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (47%) and insufficiency (17.9%) among BMES patients. Three BME manuscripts were associated with vitamin C deficiency. Current therapeutic interventions include conservative measures (mainly unloading), various osteoactive drugs and iloprost. In summary, data about BMES in association with vitamin status is limited. A causal relationship between vitamin D or vitamin C status, osteopenia, and BMES cannot be determined from the existing literature.
KW  - lower extremity
KW  - regional transient osteoporosis
KW  - bone marrow edema
KW  - vitamin D
KW  - vitamin C
KW  - scoping review
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297356
SN  - 2077-0383
VL  - 11
IS  - 22
ER  -