TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bielaszewska, Martina
A1  - Schiller, Roswitha
A1  - Lammers, Lydia
A1  - Bauwens, Andreas
A1  - Fruth, Angelika
A1  - Middendorf, Barbara
A1  - Schmidt, M. Alexander
A1  - Tarr, Phillip I.
A1  - Dobrindt, Ulrich
A1  - Karch, Helge
A1  - Mellmann, Alexander
T1  - Heteropathogenic virulence and phylogeny reveal phased pathogenic metamorphosis in Escherichia coli O2:H6
JF  - EMBO Molecular Medicine
N2  - Extraintestinal pathogenic and intestinal pathogenic (diarrheagenic) Escherichia coli differ phylogenetically and by virulence profiles. Classic theory teaches simple linear descent in this species, where non-pathogens acquire virulence traits and emerge as pathogens. However, diarrheagenic Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC) O2:H6 not only possess and express virulence factors associated with diarrheagenic and uropathogenic E.coli but also cause diarrhea and urinary tract infections. These organisms are phylogenetically positioned between members of an intestinal pathogenic group (STEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli. STEC O2:H6 is, therefore, a 'heteropathogen,' and the first such hybrid virulent E.coli identified. The phylogeny of these E.coli and the repertoire of virulence traits they possess compel consideration of an alternate view of pathogen emergence, whereby one pathogroup of E.coli undergoes phased metamorphosis into another. By understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of bacterial pathogens, rational strategies for counteracting their detrimental effects on humans can be developed.
KW  - phased metamorphosis
KW  - phylogeny
KW  - heteropathogenicity
KW  - Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
KW  - hemolytic-uremic syndrome
KW  - urinary-tract-infection
KW  - cytolethal distending toxin
KW  - shiga toxin
KW  - Crohns-disease
KW  - outbreak
KW  - genes
KW  - island
KW  - strains
KW  - parallel evolution
KW  - uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117254
SN  - 1757-4684
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartke, Juliane
A1  - Waldvogel, Ann‐Marie
A1  - Sprenger, Philipp P.
A1  - Schmitt, Thomas
A1  - Menzel, Florian
A1  - Pfenninger, Markus
A1  - Feldmeyer, Barbara
T1  - Little parallelism in genomic signatures of local adaptation in two sympatric, cryptic sister species
JF  - Journal of Evolutionary Biology
N2  - Species living in sympatry and sharing a similar niche often express parallel phenotypes as a response to similar selection pressures. The degree of parallelism within underlying genomic levels is often unexplored, but can give insight into the mechanisms of natural selection and adaptation. Here, we use multi‐dimensional genomic associations to assess the basis of local and climate adaptation in two sympatric, cryptic Crematogaster levior ant species along a climate gradient. Additionally, we investigate the genomic basis of chemical communication in both species. Communication in insects is mainly mediated by cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), which also protect against water loss and, hence, are subject to changes via environmental acclimation or adaptation. The combination of environmental and chemical association analyses based on genome‐wide Pool‐Seq data allowed us to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with climate and with chemical differences. Within species, CHC changes as a response to climate seem to be driven by phenotypic plasticity, since there is no overlap between climate‐ and CHC‐associated SNPs. The only exception is the odorant receptor OR22c, which may be a candidate for population‐specific CHC recognition in one of the species. Within both species, climate is significantly correlated with CHC differences, as well as to allele frequency differences. However, associated candidate SNPs, genes and functions are largely species‐specific and we find evidence for minimal parallel evolution only on the level of genomic regions (J = 0.04). This highlights that even closely related species may follow divergent evolutionary trajectories when expressing similar adaptive phenotypes.
KW  - BayPass
KW  - environmental association analysis
KW  - Formicidae
KW  - mutualism
KW  - parallel evolution
KW  - population divergence
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228355
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
SP  - 937
EP  - 952
ER  -