TY - JOUR A1 - Vandenberg, Laura N. A1 - Chahoud, Ibrahim A1 - Heindel, Jerrold J. A1 - Padmanabhan, Vasantha A1 - Paumgartten, Francisco J. R. A1 - Schönfelder, Gilbert T1 - Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A T1 - Estudos de biomonitoração do sistema urinário, circulatório e tecidos indicam grande exposição ao Bisfenol A JF - Ciência & Saúde Coletiva N2 - Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA is thought to be ubiquitous. Thus, there are concerns that the amount of BPA to which humans are exposed may cause adverse health effects. We examined many possibilities for why biomonitoring and toxicokinetic studies could come to seemingly conflicting conclusions. More than 80 published human biomonitoring studies that measured BPA concentrations in human tissues, urine, blood, and other fluids, along with two toxicokinetic studies of human BPA metabolism were examined. Unconjugated BPA was routinely detected in blood (in the nanograms per milliliter range), and conjugated BPA was routinely detected in the vast majority of urine samples (also in the nanograms per milliliter range). In stark contrast, toxicokinetic studies proposed that humans are not internally exposed to BPA. Available data from biomonitoring studies clearly indicate that the general population is exposed to BPA and is at risk from internal exposure to unconjugated BPA. The two toxicokinetic studies that suggested human BPA exposure is negligible have significant deficiencies, are directly contradicted by hypothesis-driven studies, and are therefore not reliable for risk assessment purposes. N2 - Bisfenol A (BPA) é um dos produtos químicos mais produzido em todo o mundo, e a exposição humana a ele é considerada onipresente. Assim, há preocupações de que a quantidade de BPA para o qual os seres humanos estão expostos podem causar efeitos adversos à saúde. Nós examinamos muitas possibilidades sobre o porquê estudos de biomonitorização e toxicocinética podem chegar a conclusões aparentemente conflitantes. Mais de 80 estudos publicados de biomonitorização humana que mediram a concentração de BPA em tecidos humanos, urina, sangue e outros fluidos, juntamente com dois estudos de toxicocinética do metabolismo humano BPA foram examinados. BPA não conjugado foi detectado no sangue (nonanogramas por mililitro gama), e BPA conjugado foi detectado na grande maioria das amostras de urina. Em contraste, estudos de toxico-cinética propuseram que os seres humanos não são internamente expostos ao BPA. Dados disponíveis de estudos de biomonitorização indicam que a população em geral está exposta ao BPA e em risco de exposição interna ao BPA não conjugado. Os dois estudos de toxicocinética, que sugeriram a exposição humana ao BPA é insignificante, têm deficiências significativas e estão diretamente refutados por outros estudos e, portanto não são confiáveis para fins de avaliação de risco. KW - human KW - performance liquid-chromatography KW - toxicocinética KW - serum KW - fluorescence detection KW - disrupting chemicals KW - endocrine disruptor KW - human exposure KW - PBPK/PBTK model KW - pregnancy KW - risk assessment KW - toxicokinetics KW - solid-phase extraction KW - tandem mass-spectrometry KW - HPLC-MS/MS method KW - environmental phenols KW - estrogen receptor KW - adipose tissue KW - disruptor endócrino KW - exposição humana KW - modelo PBPK/PBTK KW - gravidez KW - avaliação de risco Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134332 VL - 17 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stöber, Gerald A1 - Franzek, E. A1 - Beckmann, H. T1 - The role of maternal infectious diseases during pregnancy in the etiology of schizophrenia in offspring N2 - In 55 chronic schizophrenics, the occurrence of infectious diseases during their mothers' pregnancies was investigated. Different psychiatrie diagnostic systems were compared. Infections were reported by the mothers of familial and sporadic DSM I1I-R schizophrenics in equal proportion. However, applying Leonhard's classification, the frequency of infections was found to be significantly increased in 'systematic' schizophrenia (mainly exogenously induced in the view of Leonhard) compared to 'unsystematic' schizophrenia (mainly genetically determined according to Leonhard's findings). Most of the infections occurred during the second trimester (nine out of 13). Thus, in the 'systematic' forms of schizophrenia (low genetic loading), maternal infections in this crucial period of neurodevelopment would appear to be important causative factors in the cytoarchitectural deviance detected in the central nervous system of schizophrenics. KW - Psychiatrie KW - maternal infection KW - pregnancy KW - schizophrenia KW - familial-sporadic concept KW - Leonhard classification Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82216 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hübner, Theresa A1 - Wolfgang, Tanja A1 - Theis, Ann-Catrin A1 - Steber, Magdalena A1 - Wiedenmann, Lea A1 - Wöckel, Achim A1 - Diessner, Joachim A1 - Hein, Grit A1 - Gründahl, Marthe A1 - Kämmerer, Ulrike A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Bartmann, Catharina T1 - The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress and other psychological factors in pregnant women giving birth during the first wave of the pandemic JF - Reproductive Health N2 - Background The onset of mental illness such as depression and anxiety disorders in pregnancy and postpartum period is common. The coronavirus induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the resulting public policy responses represent an exceptional situation worldwide and there are hints for adverse psychosocial impact, hence, the study of psychological effects of the pandemic in women during hospitalization for delivery and in the postpartum period is highly relevant. Methods Patients who gave birth during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany (March to June 2020) at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Würzburg, Germany, were recruited at hospital admission for delivery. Biosamples were collected for analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and various stress hormones and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition to sociodemographic and medical obstetric data, survey questionnaires in relation to concerns about and fear of COVID-19, depression, stress, anxiety, loneliness, maternal self-efficacy and the mother–child bonding were administered at T1 (delivery stay) and T2 (3–6 months postpartum). Results In total, all 94 recruited patients had a moderate concern of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at T1 with a significant rise at T2. This concern correlated with low to low-medium general psychosocial stress levels and stress symptoms, and the women showed a significant increase of active coping from T1 to T2. Anxiety levels were low and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale showed a medium score of 5 with a significant (T1), but only week correlation with the concerns about SARS-CoV-2. In contrast to the overall good maternal bonding without correlation to SARS-CoV-2 concern, the maternal self-efficiency correlated negatively with the obstetric impairment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Obstetric patients` concerns regarding SARS-CoV-2 and the accompanying pandemic increased during the course of the pandemic correlating positively with stress and depression. Of note is the increase in active coping over time and the overall good mother–child-bonding. Maternal self-efficacy was affected in part by the restrictions of the pandemic. KW - Covid-19 KW - stress KW - pregnancy Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300189 VL - 19 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlagenhauf, Ulrich A1 - Jakob, Lena A1 - Eigenthaler, Martin A1 - Segerer, Sabine A1 - Jockel-Schneider, Yvonne A1 - Rehn, Monika T1 - Regular consumption of Lactobacillus reuteri-containing lozenges reduces pregnancy gingivitis: an RCT JF - Journal of Clinical Periodontology N2 - Aim: This randomized controlled trial assessed the impact of Lactobacillus reuteri on pregnancy gingivitis in healthy women. Materials and Methods: Forty-five healthy women (24 test/21 placebo) with pregnancy gingivitis in the third trimester of pregnancy were enrolled. At baseline Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque Index (PlI) were assessed at the Ramfjord teeth and venous blood taken for TNF-alpha analysis. Subsequently participants were randomly provided with lozenges to be consumed 2 9 daily until birth (approx. 7 weeks) containing >= 10(8) CFU L. reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 and >= 10(8) CFU L. reuteri DSM 17938 (test) or being devoid of L. reuteri (placebo). Within 2 days after birth recording of GI, PlI and blood sampling were repeated. Results: At baseline, mean GI and mean PlI did not differ significantly between both groups. In the test group mean TNF-alpha serum level was significantly (p < 0.02) lower than in the placebo group. At reevaluation, mean GI and mean PlI of the test group were both significantly (p < 0.0001) lower than in the placebo group. Mean TNF-alpha serum level did no longer differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions: The consumption of L. reuteri lozenges may be a useful adjunct in the control of pregnancy gingivitis. KW - chronic periodontitis KW - probiotic lozenges KW - subgingival KW - bacteria KW - postpartum KW - microbiota KW - disease KW - L. reuteri KW - plaque KW - pregnancy KW - pregnancy gingivitis Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-186783 VL - 43 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leutritz, Anna Linda A1 - van Braam, Lara A1 - Preis, Katharina A1 - Gehrmann, Andrea A1 - Scherf-Clavel, Maike A1 - Fiedler, Katrin A1 - Unterecker, Stefan A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah T1 - Psychotropic medication in pregnancy and lactation and early development of exposed children JF - British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology N2 - There is still limited knowledge about alterations of blood concentrations of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy, the transfer of psychotropic drugs into breastmilk and the effects on exposed children. We investigated changes in concentrations of psychopharmacological medication during pregnancy and lactation in serum and breastmilk at different time points in a naturalistic sample of 60 mothers and observed the development of the exposed children in the first 12 months. We found a decrease in serum concentrations from the first to the second trimester of amitriptyline, duloxetine, escitalopram, quetiapine and sertraline. Citalopram stayed rather stable during pregnancy, sertraline levels interestingly increased again from the second to the third trimester. High concentration-by-dose ratios in breastmilk were found for venlafaxine as well as lamotrigine, low for quetiapine and clomipramine. Similarly, clomipramine and quetiapine showed low milk/serum–penetration ratios. Regarding the birth outcome measures in children, we found no significant differences between in utero exposed compared to nonexposed newborns. There were no significant differences in the development in the first 12 months. Psychotropic medication in the peripartum needs a balancing of risks and benefits and a continuous therapeutic drug monitoring can be a guidance for clinicians to monitor drug alteration patterns, which are likely to occur due to physiological pregnancy-associated changes in pharmacokinetics. Accordingly, therapeutic drug monitoring can optimize a medication in pregnancy and lactation with the lowest effective dose. KW - antidepressants KW - psychotropic medication KW - pregnancy KW - peripartum KW - mental disorders KW - lactation KW - child development Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318954 VL - 89 IS - 2 SP - 737 EP - 750 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sitter, Magdalena A1 - Pecks, Ulrich A1 - Rüdiger, Mario A1 - Friedrich, Sabine A1 - Fill Malfertheiner, Sara A1 - Hein, Alexander A1 - Königbauer, Josefine T. A1 - Becke-Jakob, Karin A1 - Zöllkau, Janine A1 - Ramsauer, Babett A1 - Rathberger, Katharina A1 - Pontones, Constanza A. A1 - Kraft, Katrina A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Härtel, Christoph A1 - Kranke, Peter T1 - Pregnant and postpartum women requiring intensive care treatment for COVID-19 — first data from the CRONOS-registry JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - (1) Background: Data on coronavirus 2 infection during pregnancy vary. We aimed to describe maternal characteristics and clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 positive women requiring intensive care treatment for COVID-19 during pregnancy and postpartum period based on data of a comprehensive German surveillance system in obstetric patients. (2) Methods: Data from COVID-19 Related Obstetric and Neonatal Outcome Study (CRONOS), a prospective multicenter registry for SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women, was analyzed with respect to ICU treatment. All women requiring intensive care treatment for COVID-19 were included and compared regarding maternal characteristics, course of disease, as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes. (3) Results: Of 2650 cases in CRONOS, 101 women (4%) had a documented ICU stay. Median maternal age was 33 (IQR, 30–36) years. COVID-19 was diagnosed at a median gestational age of 33 (IQR, 28–35) weeks. As the most invasive form of COVID-19 treatment interventions, patients received either continuous monitoring of vital signs without further treatment requirement (n = 6), insufflation of oxygen (n = 30), non-invasive ventilation (n = 22), invasive ventilation (n = 28), or escalation to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n = 15). No significant clinical differences were identified between patients receiving different forms of ventilatory support for COVID-19. Prevalence of preterm delivery was significantly higher in women receiving invasive respiratory treatments. Four women died of COVID-19 and six fetuses were stillborn. (4) Conclusions: Our cohort shows that progression of COVID-19 is rare in pregnant and postpartum women treated in the ICU. Preterm birth rate is high and COVID-19 requiring respiratory support increases the risk of poor maternal and neonatal outcome. KW - maternal critical care KW - COVID-19 KW - ARDS KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - pregnancy KW - obstetrics Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-255257 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 11 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chumduri, Cindrilla A1 - Turco, Margherita Y. T1 - Organoids of the female reproductive tract JF - Journal of Molecular Medicine N2 - Healthy functioning of the female reproductive tract (FRT) depends on balanced and dynamic regulation by hormones during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and childbirth. The mucosal epithelial lining of different regions of the FRT—ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina—facilitates the selective transport of gametes and successful transfer of the zygote to the uterus where it implants and pregnancy takes place. It also prevents pathogen entry. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems from the FRT now provide crucial experimental models that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity and physiological, anatomical and functional properties of the organ in vitro. In this review, we summarise the state of the art on organoids generated from different regions of the FRT. We discuss the potential applications of these powerful in vitro models to study normal physiology, fertility, infections, diseases, drug discovery and personalised medicine. KW - female reproductive tract KW - organoids KW - reproductive health KW - pregnancy KW - fertility KW - infection KW - cancers Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-328374 VL - 99 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neuhaus, Winfried A1 - Schlundt, Marian A1 - Fehrholz, Markus A1 - Ehrke, Alexander A1 - Kunzmann, Steffen A1 - Liebner, Stefan A1 - Speer, Christian P. A1 - Förster, Carola Y. T1 - Multiple Antenatal Dexamethasone Treatment Alters Brain Vessel Differentiation in Newborn Mouse Pups JF - PLoS One N2 - Antenatal steroid treatment decreases morbidity and mortality in premature infants through the maturation of lung tissue, which enables sufficient breathing performance. However, clinical and animal studies have shown that repeated doses of glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone and betamethasone lead to long-term adverse effects on brain development. Therefore, we established a mouse model for antenatal dexamethasone treatment to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on brain vessel differentiation towards the blood-brain barrier (BBB) phenotype, focusing on molecular marker analysis. The major findings were that in total brains on postnatal day (PN) 4 triple antenatal dexamethasone treatment significantly downregulated the tight junction protein claudin-5, the endothelial marker Pecam-1/CD31, the glucocorticoid receptor, the NR1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, and Abc transporters (Abcb1a, Abcg2 Abcc4). Less pronounced effects were found after single antenatal dexamethasone treatment and in PN10 samples. Comparisons of total brain samples with isolated brain endothelial cells together with the stainings for Pecam-1/CD31 and claudin-5 led to the assumption that the morphology of brain vessels is affected by antenatal dexamethasone treatment at PN4. On the mRNA level markers for angiogenesis, the sonic hedgehog and the Wnt pathway were downregulated in PN4 samples, suggesting fundamental changes in brain vascularization and/or differentiation. In conclusion, we provided a first comprehensive molecular basis for the adverse effects of multiple antenatal dexamethasone treatment on brain vessel differentiation. KW - endothelial cells KW - protein expression KW - central nervous system KW - mouse models KW - pregnancy KW - tight junctions KW - sheep KW - angiogenesis Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125471 VL - 10 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sodemann, Elisa B. A1 - Dähling, Sabrina A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Boiarina, Ekaterina A1 - Cataldo, Didier A1 - Alhasan, Moumen M. A1 - Yildirim, Ali Ö. A1 - Witzenrath, Martin A1 - Tabeling, Christoph A1 - Conrad, Melanie L. T1 - Maternal asthma is associated with persistent changes in allergic offspring antibody glycosylation JF - Clinical & Experimental Allergy N2 - Background Maternal asthma during pregnancy is considered an environmental risk factor for asthma development in children. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that are transferred from the mother to the fetus are known to act in a pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory manner depending on their glycosylation status. Objective Using a mouse model, we examined how maternal allergic airway inflammation during pregnancy influenced offspring experimental asthma severity, as well as maternal and offspring serum IgG antibody glycosylation patterns. Additionally, the effects of maternal and offspring exposure to the same or different allergens were investigated. Methods Female mice were either sham sensitized or sensitized to casein (CAS) or ovalbumin (OVA) before mating. Subsequently, allergic lung inflammation was induced in pregnant dams via aerosol allergen challenge (sham, CAS or OVA). After weaning, pups were subjected to an experimental asthma protocol using OVA. Asn‐297 IgG glycosylation was analysed in maternal and offspring serum. Results When mothers and offspring were sensitized to the same allergen (OVA‐OVA), offspring had more severe experimental asthma. This was evidenced by altered antibody concentrations, increased bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory cell influx and decreased lung tissue and lung draining lymph node regulatory T cell percentages. When mothers and offspring were sensitized to different allergens (CAS‐OVA), this phenotype was no longer observed. Additionally, maternal serum from allergic mothers had significantly higher levels of pro‐inflammatory IgG1, shown by decreased galactosylation and sialylation at the Asn‐297 glycosylation site. Similar glycosylation patterns were observed in the serum of adult allergic offspring from allergic mothers. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance We observed a strong association between maternal experimental asthma during pregnancy, increased offspring airway inflammation and pro‐inflammatory IgG glycosylation patterns in mothers and offspring. IgG glycosylation is not a standard measurement in the clinical setting, and we argue that it may be an important parameter to include in future clinical studies. KW - allergic airway inflammation KW - asthma risk KW - IgG glycosylation KW - maternal asthma KW - pregnancy KW - sialylation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214071 VL - 50 IS - 4 SP - 520 EP - 531 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gehrmann, Andrea A1 - Fiedler, Katrin A1 - Leutritz, Anna Linda A1 - Koreny, Carolin A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah T1 - Lithium medication in pregnancy and breastfeeding — a case series JF - Medicina N2 - Lithium salts are the first-line prophylaxis treatment for bipolar disorder in most guidelines. The majority of bipolar women are treated with mood stabilizers at the time they wish to get pregnant. One reason for this is the rising average age at first childbirth, at least in the high-income countries, which increases in general the likelihood of a medication with psychotropic drugs. Previously, lithium exposition during pregnancy was thought to strongly increase the risk of severe cardiac malformation. However, recent studies only point to a low teratogenic risk, so nowadays an increasing number of women are getting pregnant with ongoing lithium treatment. Regarding lithium medication during breastfeeding, there is evidence that lithium transfers to the breastmilk and can also be detected in the infants' serum. The influence on the infant is still a largely understudied topic. Regular monitoring of the infants' renal clearance, thyroid function, and lithium levels is warranted when breastfeeding under lithium exposure. In this case series, we present three case reports of bipolar mothers who were treated with lithium during pregnancy and breastfeeding to add to the scarce literature on this important topic. In short, we strengthen the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring due to fluctuating plasma levels during pregnancy and after birth, and we can report the birth and development of three healthy infants despite lithium medication during pregnancy and breastfeeding. KW - lithium KW - pregnancy KW - lactation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285640 SN - 1648-9144 VL - 57 IS - 6 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rodríguez-Martín, Boris C. A1 - Meule, Adrian T1 - Food craving: new contributions on its assessment, moderators, and consequences T2 - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - No abstract available. KW - food KW - cravings KW - emotional eating KW - obesity KW - pregnancy KW - binge eating KW - food addiction Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190299 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 6 IS - 21 ER -