TY - THES A1 - Dürr, Michael T1 - Analyse des in vivo Differenzierungspotentials humaner leukämischer Zellen sowie humaner und muriner neuraler Stammzellen T1 - Analysis of the developmental potential of human leukemic cells as well as human and murine neural stem cells in vivo N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob die zelluläre Identität somatischer Stamm-/Vorläuferzelltypen durch Behandlung mit Chromatin-modifizierenden Substanzen und/oder durch Transplantation verändert werden kann. Dazu wurden humane leukämische KG-1 Zellen in murine Blastozysten injiziert. Murine und humane neurale Stammzellen (NSZ)wurden in vitro mit Trichostatin A (TSA) und 5’-Aza-2’-deoxycytidin (AzaC)inkubiert und anschließend in murine Blastozysten bzw. adulte NOD/SCID Mäuse transplantiert. In dem Versuchen konnte gezeigt werden, dass humane leukämische Zellen nach Injektion in murine Blastozysten in sich entwickelnden Embryonen und adulten Tiere präferentiell hämatopoetische Gewebe besiedeln. Daneben konnte gezeigt werden, dass myeloische Leukämiezellen in chimären murinen Embryonen ein Erythrozyten-spezifisches Genexpressionsmuster aktivieren. Die Inkubation humaner und muriner NSZ mit Histondeacetylase-Inhibitoren und AzaC führte zu einer reversiblen Hyperacetylierung von Histon H4 und zur Demethylierung genomischer DNA. Die Injektion behandelter muriner NSZ in murine Blastozysten führte im Vergleich zu unbehandelten NSZ zu einer stärkeren Besiedelung adulter Tiere durch Donorzellen. Darüber hinaus besiedelten Abkömmlinge injizierter behandelter NSZ häufiger hämatopoetische Gewebe in chimären Tieren und exprimierten Hämatopoese-spezifische Oberflächenproteine. Weitere Analysen ergaben, dass humane NSZ im Gegensatz zu humanen hämatopoetischen Stammzellen nicht dazu in der Lage sind, in immunsupprimierten NOD/SCID Mäusen ein humanes hämatopoetisches System zu etablieren. Auch nach Inkubation humaner NSZ mit Chromatin-modifizierenden Substanzen konnte keine humane Hämatopoese in transplantierten Mäusen festgestellt werden. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Differenzierungsstatus und das Entwicklungspotential verschiedener Zelltypen durch geeignete Stimuli verändert werden kann. Durch Injektion in embryonale Mikroumgebung differenzieren humane leukämische Zellen und aktivieren ein Erythrozyten-spezifisches Genexpressionsmuster. Durch die Veränderung des Epigenotyps muriner NSZ gefolgt von einer Transplantation in murine Blastozysten konnte eine Transdifferenzierung neuraler in hämatopoetische Zellen induziert werden. N2 - The objective of the present thesis was to investigate whether the cellular identity of somatic stem and progenitor cell types could be modified by treatment with chromatin modifying agents and/or transplantation into appropriate in vivo systems. To this end, human leukemic KG-1 cells were injected into murine blastocysts. Murine and human neural stem cells (NSC) were incubated with Trichostatin A (TSA) and 5’-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (AzaC) in vitro and subsequently transplanted into murine blastocysts and adult NOD/SCID mice respectively. It could be shown that after transplantation into murine blastocysts human leukemic cells preferentially engraft hematopoietic tissues of developing embryos and adults. Furthermore, myeloid leukemic cells activated an erythrocyte-specific gene expression pattern in chimeric embryos. Incubation of human and murine NSC with Histone deacetylases and AzaC caused reversible hyperacetylation of histone H4 and demethylation of genomic DNA. Comparison of adult recipient mice revealed that the injection of treated murine NSC caused a more stringent engraftment of recipients than untreated murine NSC. In addition, progeny of TSA/AzaC treated NSC engrafted more often hematopoietic tissues and expressed hematopoiesis-specific surface markers. In a further set of experiments it could be demonstrated that in contrast to human hematopoietic stem cells, human NSC do not engraft the hematopoietic system of immundeficient mice. Even after treatment of human NSC with chromatin-modifying agents no human hematopoiesis was detected in transplanted mice. Overall, these results indicate that the differentiation status and developmental potential of several somatic progenitor and stem cell types could be modified by appropriate stimuli. By exposure to embryonic microenvironment human leukemic cells differentiate and activate an erythrocyte-specific gene expression pattern. After modification of the epigenotype of murine NSC followed by transplantation into murine blastocyts transdifferentiation of neural into hematopoietic cells could be induced. KW - Stammzelle KW - Leukämie KW - Zelldifferenzierung KW - Differenzierungspotential KW - Leukämie KW - neurale Stammzelle KW - differentiation potential KW - leukemia KW - neural stem cell Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-14567 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radeloff, Katrin A1 - Radeloff, Andreas A1 - Tirado, Mario Ramos A1 - Scherzad, Agmal A1 - Hagen, Rudolf A1 - Kleinsasser, Norbert H. A1 - Hackenberg, Stephan T1 - Long-Term Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Differentiation and Cytokine Secretion of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells JF - Materials N2 - Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely utilized, for example in manufacturing paints and in the cosmetic industry. In addition, there is raising interest in the application of NPs in stem cell research. However, cytotoxic, genotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects were shown for NPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ZnO-NPs on cytokine secretion and differentiation properties of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs). Human ASCs were exposed to the subtoxic concentration of 0.2 mu g/mL ZnO-NPs for 24 h. After four weeks of cultivation, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation procedures were performed. The multi-differentiation potential was confirmed histologically and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, the gene expression of IL-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and caspase 3 was analyzed. Over the course of four weeks after ZnO-NPs exposure, no significant differences were detected in the gene expression of IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and caspase 3 compared to non-exposed cells. The differentiation was also not affected by the ZnO-NPs. These findings underline the fact, that functionality of ASCs is likely to be unaffected by ZnO-NPs, despite a long-term disposition of NPs in the cells, supposing that the starting concentration was safely in the non-toxic range. This might provide important information for single-use nanomedical applications of ZnO-NPs. KW - zinc oxide KW - nanoparticles KW - toxicity KW - differentiation potential KW - human adipose-derived stromal cells KW - stem cells Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224779 VL - 12 IS - 1823 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radeloff, Katrin A1 - Radeloff, Andreas A1 - Ramos Tirado, Mario A1 - Scherzad, Agmal A1 - Hagen, Rudolf A1 - Kleinsasser, Norbert H. A1 - Hackenberg, Stephan T1 - Toxicity and functional impairment in human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hASCs) following long-term exposure to very small iron oxide particles (VSOPs) JF - Nanomaterials N2 - Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), such as very small iron oxide NPs (VSOPs) can be used for targeted drug delivery, cancer treatment or tissue engineering. Another important field of application is the labelling of mesenchymal stem cells to allow in vivo tracking and visualization of transplanted cells using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For these NPs, however, various toxic effects, as well as functional impairment of the exposed cells, are described. The present study evaluates the influence of VSOPs on the multilineage differentiation ability and cytokine secretion of human adipose tissue derived stromal cells (hASCs) after long-term exposure. Human ASCs were labelled with VSOPs, and the efficacy of the labelling was documented over 4 weeks in vitro cultivation of the labelled cells. Unlabelled hASCs served as negative controls. Four weeks after labelling, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation was histologically evaluated and quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Changes in gene expression of IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and caspase 3 were determined over 4 weeks. Four weeks after the labelling procedure, labelled and unlabelled hASCs did not differ in the gene expression of IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and caspase 3. Furthermore, the labelling procedure had no influence on the multidifferentiation ability of hASC. The percentage of labelled cells decreased during in vitro expansion over 4 weeks. Labelling with VSOPs and long-term intracellular disposition probably have no influence on the physiological functions of hASCs. This could be important for the future in vivo use of iron oxide NPs. KW - iron oxide nanoparticles KW - VSOP KW - nanoparticles KW - toxicity KW - differentiation potential KW - human adipose-derived stromal cells KW - stem cells KW - long-term exposure Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203676 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER -