TY - JOUR A1 - Adaku Chilaka, Cynthia A1 - Mally, Angela T1 - Mycotoxin Occurrence, Exposure and Health Implications in Infants and Young Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review JF - Foods N2 - Infants and young children (IYC) remain the most vulnerable population group to environmental hazards worldwide, especially in economically developing regions such as sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). As a result, several governmental and non-governmental institutions including health, environmental and food safety networks and researchers have been proactive toward protecting this group. Mycotoxins, toxic secondary fungal metabolites, contribute largely to the health risks of this young population. In SSA, the scenario is worsened by socioeconomic status, poor agricultural and storage practices, and low level of awareness, as well as the non-establishment and lack of enforcement of regulatory limits in the region. Studies have revealed mycotoxin occurrence in breast milk and other weaning foods. Of concern is the early exposure of infants to mycotoxins through transplacental transfer and breast milk as a consequence of maternal exposure, which may result in adverse health effects. The current paper presents an overview of mycotoxin occurrence in foods intended for IYC in SSA. It discusses the imperative evidence of mycotoxin exposure of this population group in SSA, taking into account consumption data and the occurrence of mycotoxins in food, as well as biomonitoring approaches. Additionally, it discusses the health implications associated with IYC exposure to mycotoxins in SSA. KW - mycotoxin KW - occurrence KW - exposure KW - child health KW - sub-Saharan Africa Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219250 SN - 2304-8158 VL - 9 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rességuier, Peter T1 - Die Verbreitung der Gattung Chamaesyce auf den Friedhöfen des Landkreises Main-Spessart, Bayern T1 - Distribution of the genus Chamaesyce in the cemeteries of the Main-Spessart district, Bavaria N2 - Während der Jahre 2003 bis 2007 wurden Vorkommen und Verbreitung der Gattung Chamaesyce auf 126 Friedhöfen des Landkreises Main-Spessart untersucht. Drei Arten, C. humifusa, C. maculata und C. prostrata, konnten nachgewiesen werden. Bevorzugte Wuchsorte sind neben Bahnhöfen, botanischen Gärten und Gärtnereien vor allem Friedhöfe. Auf den untersuchten 126 Friedhöfen des Main-Spessart-Kreises wuchsen die Chamaesyce-Arten auf Kies- und Sandwegen, in Pflaster- und Plattenfugen, auf Gräbern und Beeten. C. humifusa wurde auf 27, C. maculata auf 46 und C. prostrata auf einem der 126 Friedhöfe des Untersuchungsgebietes gefunden. N2 - The occurrence and distribution of the genus Chamaesyce in 126 cemeteries of the district of Main-Spessart (area of 1322 km2) were investigated from 2003 until 2007. Three species, C. humifusa, C. maculata and C. prostrata, were recorded. Habitats of naturalized Chamaesyce species are train stations, botanical gardens, nurseries and, mainly, cemeteries. In the 126 cemeteries investigated, Chamaesyce species grow preferably on gravel or sand walks and also in pavement gaps, on graves and flower beds. In the study area C. humifusa was found in 27 and C. maculata in 46 cemetries. C. prostrata was observed in one cemetery only. KW - Standortfaktor KW - Neophyten KW - Vorkommen KW - Verbreitung KW - Chamaesyce KW - occurrence KW - distribution KW - Chamaesyce Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-53663 ER -