TY  - THES
A1  - Sollfrank, Teresa
T1  - Feedback efficiency and training effects during alpha band modulation over the sensorimotor cortex
T1  - Die Wirksamkeit von Feedback und Trainingseffekten während der Alphaband Modulation über dem menschlichen sensomotorischen Cortex
N2  - Neural oscillations can be measured by electroencephalography (EEG) and these oscillations can be characterized by their frequency, amplitude and phase. The mechanistic properties of neural oscillations and their synchronization are able to explain various aspects of many cognitive functions such as motor control, memory, attention, information transfer across brain regions, segmentation of the sensory input and perception (Arnal and Giraud, 2012). The alpha band frequency is the dominant oscillation in the human brain. This oscillatory activity is found in the scalp EEG at frequencies around 8-13 Hz in all healthy adults (Makeig et al., 2002) and considerable interest has been generated in exploring EEG alpha oscillations with regard to their role in cognitive (Klimesch et al., 1993; Hanselmayr et al., 2005), sensorimotor (Birbaumer, 2006; Sauseng et al., 2009) and physiological (Lehmann, 1971; Niedermeyer, 1997; Kiyatkin, 2010) aspects of human life. The ability to voluntarily regulate the alpha amplitude can be learned with neurofeedback training and offers the possibility to control a brain-computer interface (BCI), a muscle independent interaction channel. BCI research is predominantly focused on the signal processing, the classification and the algorithms necessary to translate brain signals into control commands than on the person interacting with the technical system. The end-user must be properly trained to be able to successfully use the BCI and factors such as task instructions, training, and especially feedback can therefore play an important role in learning to control a BCI (Neumann and Kübler, 2003; Pfurtscheller et al., 2006, 2007; Allison and Neuper, 2010; Friedrich et al., 2012; Kaufmann et al., 2013; Lotte et al., 2013).
The main purpose of this thesis was to investigate how end-users can efficiently be trained to perform alpha band modulation recorded over their sensorimotor cortex. The herein presented work comprises three studies with healthy participants and participants with schizophrenia focusing on the effects of feedback and training time on cortical activation patterns and performance. In the first study, the application of a realistic visual feedback to support end-users in developing a concrete feeling of kinesthetic motor imagery was tested in 2D and 3D visualization modality during a single training session. Participants were able to elicit the typical event-related desynchronisation responses over sensorimotor cortex in both conditions but the most significant decrease in the alpha band power was obtained following the three-dimensional realistic visualization. The second study strengthen the hypothesis that an enriched visual feedback with information about the quality of the input signal supports an easier approach for motor imagery based BCI control and can help to enhance performance. Significantly better performance levels were measurable during five online training sessions in the groups with enriched feedback as compared to a conventional simple visual feedback group, without significant differences in performance between the unimodal (visual) and multimodal (auditory–visual) feedback modality. Furthermore, the last study, in which people with schizophrenia participated in multiple sessions with simple feedback, demonstrated that these patients can learn to voluntarily regulate their alpha band. Compared to the healthy group they required longer training times and could not achieve performance levels as high as the control group. Nonetheless, alpha neurofeedback training lead to a constant increase of the alpha resting power across all 20 training session. 
To date only little is known about the effects of feedback and training time on BCI performance and cortical activation patterns. The presented work contributes to the evidence that healthy individuals can benefit from enriched feedback: A realistic presentation can support participants in getting a concrete feeling of motor imagery and enriched feedback, which instructs participants about the quality of their input signal can give support while learning to control the BCI. This thesis demonstrates that people with schizophrenia can learn to gain control of their alpha oscillations recorded over the sensorimotor cortex when participating in sufficient training sessions. In conclusion, this thesis improved current motor imagery BCI feedback protocols and enhanced our understanding of the interplay between feedback and BCI performance.
N2  - Die Wirksamkeit von Feedback und Trainingseffekten während der Alphaband Modulation über dem menschlichen sensomotorischen Cortex
KW  - Neurofeedback
KW  - Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstelle
KW  - Brain-computer interface
KW  - Übung
KW  - Alpha Neurofeedback
KW  - EEG
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131769
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
A1  - Visé, Mechthild
A1  - Reimers, Petra
A1  - Blaesser, Barbara
T1  - Auswirkungen eines Trainings der sprachlichen Bewußtheit auf den Schriftspracherwerb in der Schule
T1  - Effects of a phonological awareness training on the acquisition of literacy
N2  - Mit der vorliegenden Trainingsstudie wird der Versuch unternommen, Ergebni e eines Förderprograrnms zur sprachlichen Bewußtheit (Lundberg, Frost & Petersen 1988) im deutschsprachigen Raum zu validieren. An unserer Replikationsstudie nahmen insgesamt 371 Kinder teil, von denen 205 Kinder einer Trainingsgruppe und 166 Kinder einer Kontrollgruppe zugewiesen wurden. Das Förderprograrnm bestand aus Sprachspielen, die über einen Zeitraum von zirka 6 Monaten täglich 15 Minuten in den Kindergartengruppen durchgeführt wurden. Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt keine spezielle Förderung, sondern nahm am regulären Kindergartenprogramm teil. Indikatoren der sprachlichen Bewußtheit und weitere metalinguistische und kognitive Variablen wurden unmittelbar vor und nach der Förderung erhoben. Zu Beginn des ersten Schuljahres wurde ein metalinguistischer Transfertest, gegen Ende dann ein Rechtschreibtest durchgeführt. Die Befunde replizieren die Ergebnisse der dänischen Ausgangsstudie insofern, als kurz- und langfristige Trainingseffekte gesichert werden konnten. Sie verdeutlichen jedoch zusätzlich, daß die Qualität der Förderung für die Langzeitwirkung entscheidend war.
N2  - A training study based on the design of Lundberg, Frost & Petersen (1988) was conducted to improve German Kindergarteners' phonological awareness. A total of 371 Kindergarteners participated in the study. The training group (N = 205) participated in a metalinguistic program that lasted for about six months ( 15 minutes per day). The control group did not receive any specific training but participated in the regularkindergartenpro gram. Indicators of phonological awareness and other metalinguistic and cognitive variables were assessed both before and after the training. Further, a metalinguistic transfer test and a spelling test were given at the beginning and the end of first grade, respectively. The results confirmed those of the Danish study in that short- and long-term training effects were obtained. They also illustrate, however, that the quality of training had a significant effect on long-term maintenance.
KW  - phonologische Bewusstheit
KW  - Übung
KW  - Sprache
KW  - Lernen
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87491
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Wolfgang
A1  - Springer, Adolf
T1  - Individualisierendes Rechtschreibtraining auf verhaltenstherapeutischer Basis
T1  - The effects of individualized instruction and contingeny management on the training of dyslexic children
N2  - 14 rechtschreibschwache Schüier des 4. und 5. Schuljahrs nahmen an einem fünfmonatigen Rechtschreib-Förderprogramm auf verhaltenstherapeutischer und instruktionspsychologischer Grundlage teil. Das Training bestand aus einem individualisierenden Verfahren unter Anwendung eines Münzverstärkungsprogramms. Gegenüber einer unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe zeigte sich für die Experimentalgruppe eine insgesamt deutliche Abnahme in der Fehlerhäufigkeit, die sich statistisch absichern ließ. Zusätzlich wird ein statistisches Verfahren vorgestellt, mit dem sich die Veränderung auf der Individualebene auf ihre Signifikanz hin überprüfen läßt.
N2  - 14 dyslexic fourth and fifth graders took part in a five months remedial training based upon the principles of behavior therapy and instructional psychology. Tue training included individualized instruction and the application of a token economy program. Data analysis showed a clear decrease in the number of errors made by the experimental group-as cornpared to the control group- that proved statistically significant. In addition, a statistical procedure for testing significance of change on the individual level is presented.
KW  - Rechtschreibung
KW  - Übung
KW  - Verhaltenstherapie
Y1  - 1978
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87220
ER  -