TY - JOUR A1 - Waelbroeck, M. A1 - Camus, J. A1 - Tastenoy, M. A1 - Lambrecht, G. A1 - Mutschler, E. A1 - Kropfgans, M. A1 - Sperlich, J. A1 - Wiesenberger, F. A1 - Tacke, R. A1 - Christophe, J. T1 - Thermodynamics of antagonist binding to rat muscarinic \(M_2\) receptors: antimuscarinics of the pridinol, sila-pridinol, diphenidol and sila-diphenidol type JF - British Journal of Pharmacology N2 - 1 We studied the effect of temperature on the binding to rat heart \(M_2\) muscarinic receptors of antagonists related to the carbon/silicon pairs pridinol/sila-pridinol and diphenidol/sila-diphenidol (including three germanium compounds) and six structurally related pairs of enantiomers [(R)- and (S)-procyclidine, (R)- and (S)-trihexyphenidyl, (R)- and (S)-tricyclamol, (R)- and (S)-trihexyphenidyl methiodide, (R)- and (S)-hexahydro-diphenidol and (R)- and (S)-hexbutinol]. Binding affinities were determined in competition experiments using \([^3H]\)-N-methyl-scopolamine chloride as radioligand. The reference drugs were scopolamine and N-methyl-scopolamine bromide. 2 The affinity of the antagonists either increased or decreased with temperature, van 't Hoff plots were linear in the 278–310°K temperature range. Binding of all antagonists was entropy driven. Enthalpy changes varied from large negative values (down to \(−29 kJ mol^{−1}\)) to large positive values (up to \(+ 30 kJ mol^{−1}\)). 3 (R)-configurated drugs had a 10 to 100 fold greater affinity for \(M_2\) receptors than the corresponding (S)-enantiomers. Enthalpy and entropy changes of the respective enantiomers were different but no consistent pattern was observed. 4 When silanols \((R_3SiOH)\) were compared to carbinols \((R_3COH)\), the affinity increase caused by C/Si exchange varied between 3 and 10 fold for achiral drugs but was negligible in the case of chiral drugs. Silanols induced more favourable enthalpy and less favourable entropy changes than the corresponding carbinols when binding. Organogermanium compounds \((R_4Ge)\) when compared to their silicon counterparts (R4Si) showed no significant difference in affinity as well as in enthalpy and entropy changes. 5 Exchange of a cyclohexyl by a phenyl moiety was associated with an increase or a decrease in drug affinity (depending on the absolute configuration in the case of chiral drugs) and generally also with a more favourable enthalpy change and a less favourable entropy change of drug binding. 6 Replacement of a pyrrolidino by a piperidino group and increasing the length of the alkylene chain bridging the amino group and the central carbon or silicon atom were associated with either an increase or a decrease of entropy and enthalpy changes of drug binding. However, there was no clear correlation between these structural variations and the thermodynamic effects. 7 Taken together, these results suggest that hydrogen bond-forming OH groups and, to a lesser extent, polarizable phenyl groups contribute significantly to the thermodynamics of interactions between these classes of muscarinic antagonists and \(M_2\) muscarinic receptors. KW - entropy KW - binding KW - M2 muscarinic receptors KW - thermodynamics KW - van 't Hoff plot KW - enthalpy Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128439 VL - 109 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, J. G. A1 - Krenn, V. A1 - Schindler, C. A1 - Czub, S. A1 - Stahl-Henning, C. A1 - Coulibaly, C. A1 - Hunsmann, G. A1 - Kneitz, C. A1 - Kerkau, T. A1 - Rethwilm, A. A1 - ter Meulen, V. A1 - Müller-Hermelink, H. K. T1 - Alterations of Thymus Cortical Epithelium and Interdigitating Dendritic Cells but No Increase of Thymocyte Cell Death in the Early Course of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection JF - American Journal of Pathology N2 - The role of the thymus in the pathogenesis of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was investigated in 18 juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The thymus was infected from the first week post-SIVmac inoculation, but the amount of virus-positive cells was very low « 1 in 1 04 T cells) as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. First morphological alteration was a narrowing of the cortex at 12 and 24 wpi. Morphometry revealed no increase of pyknotic T cells but a decrease of the proliferation rate andflow cytometry showed a reduction of the immature \(CD4^+/CD8^+\) double-positive T cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed vacuolization, shrinkage, andfinally cytolysis of the cortical epithelial cells and the interdigitating dendritic cells. Immunofluorescence staining exhibited a widespread loss of cortical epithelial cells. This damage to the thymic microenvironment could explain the breakdown of the intrathymic T cell proliferation. It preceded fully developed simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is therefore considered to play a major role in its pathogenesis. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128250 VL - 143 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tafler, R. A1 - Herbert, M. K. A1 - Schmidt, R. F. A1 - Weis, K. H. T1 - Small reduction of capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation in human forearm skin by the glucocorticoid prednicarbate JF - Agents Actions N2 - No abstract available. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127698 VL - 38 IS - Special Conference Issue ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herbert, M. K. A1 - Tafler, R. A1 - Schmidt, R. F. A1 - Weis, K. H. T1 - Cyclooxygenase inhibitors acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin do not affect capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation in human skin JF - Agents Actions N2 - Neurogenic inflammation is evoked by neuropeptides released from primary afferent terminals and, presumably, by other secondarily released inflammatory mediators. This study examines whether prostaglandins might participate in the development of neurogenic inflammation in humans and whether cyclooxygenase inhibitors have any anti-inflammatory effect on this type of inflammation. In healthy volunteers, neurogenic inflammation was elicited by epicutaneously applied capsaicin (1 %), after systemic pretreatment with acetylsalicylic acid, or topically applied indomethacin compared to pretreatment with saline or vehicle, respectively. The extent of neurogenic inflammation was quantified by planimetry of visible flare size and recording the increase of superficial cutaneous blood flow (SCBF) with a laser Doppler flowmeter. Capsaicin-induced flare sizes and outside SCBF (both representing neurogenically evoked inflammation) were unaffected by acetylsalicylic acid or indomethacin. Only the capsaicin-induced increase; of inside SCBF was attenuated by local pretreatment with indomethacin, reflecting the participation of prostaglandins in the inflammatory response of those areas which were in direct contact with capsaicin. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127666 VL - 38 IS - Special Conference Issue ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilhelm, Gernot A1 - Zaccagnini, Carlo T1 - Tell Karrana 3, Tell Jikan, Tell Khirbet Salih N2 - No abstract available. KW - Tell Karrana KW - Tell Jikan KW - Tell Khirbet Salih Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87646 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Näslund, Jan Carol T1 - The impact of early metalinguistic competencies and memory capacity on reading and spelling in elementary school: Results of the Munich Longitudinal Study on the Genesis of Individual Competencies (LOGIC) N2 - This paper reports on a longitudinal study dealing with the development of literacy in young children. A total of 163 children were first tested during their last year in kindergarten using a variety of tasks that tapped phonological processing, memory capacity, early literacy, and intelligence. Children's ward decoding, reading comprehension, and spelling skills were assessed in elementary school several years later. As a main result, all of the predictor domains had a significant impact on the acquisition of literacy in elementary school, although the contribution of each domain differed as a function of the criterion measure. An attempt to identify children-at-risk using a kindergarten screening test provided encouraging results. Nonetheless, it was shown that whereas group predictions of reading and spelling performance can be quite accurate, the individual prognosis of school problems is far from perfect. KW - Lese- und Schreibfähigkeit KW - Gedächtnisleistung KW - Phonologische Bewusstheit KW - Acquisition of literacy KW - Children-at-Risk KW - Memory capacity KW - Phonological awareness Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87421 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Introduction: The early prediction of reading and spelling N2 - No abstract available. KW - Prognose KW - Schreiben KW - Lesen Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87418 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Wittbrodt, J. A1 - Mäueler, W. A1 - Raulf, F. A1 - Adam, D. A1 - Hannig, G. A1 - Telling, A. A1 - Storch, F. A1 - Andexinger, S. A1 - Robertson, S. M. T1 - Oncogenes and melanoma formation in Xiphoporus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) N2 - In Xiphophorus melanoma formation has been attributed by classical genetic findings to the overexpression of a cellular oncogene (Tu) due to elimination of the corresponding regulatory gene locus in hybrids. We have attempted to elucidate this phenomenon on the molecular biological level. Studies on the structure and expression of known proto-oncogenes revealed that several of these genes, especially the c-src gene of Xiphophorus, may act as effectors in establishing the neoplastic phenotype of the melanoma cells . However, these genes appear more to participate in secondary steps of tumorigenesis. Another gene, being termed Xmrk, which represents obviously a so far unknown proto-oncogene but with a cons iderably high similarity to the epidermal growth-factorreceptor gene, was mapped to the Tu-containing region of the chromosome. This gene shows features with respect to its structure and expression that seem to justify it to be regarded as a candidate for a gene involved in the primary processes leading to neoplastic transformation of pigment cells in Xiphophorus. KW - Schwertkärpfling KW - Onkogen KW - Melanom Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87149 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Macht, Michael A1 - Janke, Wilhelm T1 - Effects of short-term energy deprivation on stress reactions in humans N2 - No abstract available. KW - Stressreaktion Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87093 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Epe, Bernd A1 - Häring, Martin A1 - Ramaiah, Danaboyina A1 - Stopper, Helga A1 - Abou-Elzahab, Mohamed M. A1 - Adam, Waldemar A1 - Saha-Möller, Chantu R. T1 - DNA damage induced by furocoumarin hydroperoxides plus UV (360 nm) N2 - Wben irradiated at 360 nm, furocoumarins with a hydroperoxide group in a side chain effciently give rise to a type of DNA damage that can best be explained by a photoinduced generation of hydroxyl radicals from the excited pbotosensitizers. The observed DNA damage profiles, i.e. the ratios of single-strand breaks, sites of base loss (AP sites) and base modifications sensitive to fonnamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG protein) and endonuclease m, are similar to the DNA damage profile produced by hydroxyl radicals generated by lonizing radiation or by xanthine and xanthine oxidase in the presence of Fe(III)-EDTA. No such damage is observed with the corresponding furocoumarin alcohols or in the absence of near-UV radiation. The damage caused by the photo-excited hydroperoxides is not influenced by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase or by D2O as solvent. The presence of t-butanol, however, reduces both the formation of single-strand breaks and of base odifications sensitive to FPG protein. The cytotoxicity caused by one of the hydroperoxides in L5178Y mome lymphoma cells is found to be dependent on the near-UV irradiation and to be much higher than that of the corresponding alcohol. Therefore the new type of photoinduced damage occurs inside cells. Intercalating photosensitizers with an attached hydroperoxide group might represent a novel and versatile class of DNA damaging agents, e.g. for phototherapy. KW - DNS-Schädigung Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86870 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Janevski, J. A1 - Choh, V. A1 - Stopper, Helga A1 - Schiffmann, D. A1 - De Boni, U. T1 - Diethylstilbestrol alters the morphology and calcium levels of growth cones of PC12 cells in vitro N2 - Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic estrogen with carcinogenic properties. DES is known to alter cytoskeletal components, including the organization of actin stress fibres in C6 rat glioma cells. ln a test of the hypothesis that DES disrupts actin Filaments of growth cones in neuron-like cells, DES-induced changes in filopodial lengths were quantified in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in vitro. DES significantly altered growth cone morphology, with collapse of growth cone filopodia and neurite retraction invariably occurring at a concentration of 10 MikroM. At 5 MikroM DES, transient reductions in total filopodiallengths occurred. At DES concentrations of 0.1 nM and 1 nM, reductions in total filopodiallengths occurred in a fraction of growth cones. Evidence exists which shows that growth cone activity and morphology are intimately linked to Ieveis of intracellular, free calcium and that DES increases such levels. Measurements of free intracellular calcium levels by fluorescence microscopy, at times concurrent with the DES-induced reduction in total filopodial lengths, showed that calcium levels were indeed significantly increased by 10 MirkoM DES. Labelling of filamentaus actin (f-actin) with FITC-phalloidin showed that the f-actin distribution in growth cones exposed to DES could not be differentiated from the distribution found in spontaneously retracting growth cones. Tagether with evidence which showed that growth cone motility was not affected, the results are taken to indicate that DES, rather than acting directly on the cytoskeleton, exerts its effects indirectly, by a calcium-induced destabilization of actin filaments in the growth cone. KW - Calcium KW - Zellskelett KW - Wachstumskonus KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - rat pheochromocytoma cells KW - growth cone KW - cytoskeleton KW - calcium Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86858 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kübler, Norbert A1 - Reuther, Jürgen A1 - Kirchner, Thomas A1 - Priessnitz, Bernd A1 - Sebald, Walter T1 - Osteoinductive, morphologic, and biomechanical properties of autolyzed, antigen-extracted, allogeneic human bone N2 - Autolyzed, antigen-extracted, allogeneic (AAA) bone was prepared from human cortical bone and its morphologic, biomechanical, and osteoinductive properlies were compared with untreated (frozen) as well as lyophilized human bone. Scanning electron microscopy revealed removal of inprganic calcium phosphates and persistence of shrunken collagen fibrils on the surface of AAA bone matrix. Biomechanical testing of differently prepared bone samples showed that lyophilization increased both the modulus of elasticity (P < .00001) and the compressive strength (P < .00001 ). Depending on the depth of decalcification in the preparation of AAA bone, both measured values decreased in rehydrated AAA bone compared with untreated bone {P < .00001 ). Completely demineralized and rehydrated AAA bone was soft, flexible, and showed very little compressive strength. Differences in biomechanical behavior between samples drilled longitudinally or perpendicularly to the diaphyseal bone axis were observed. Xenogeneic human bone samples were implanted in muscle pouches of Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 weeks. AAA bone implants showed chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in 50% of the cases, while untreated or lyophilized bone implants induced no new cartilage or bone formation. As decalcification exposed xenogeneic organic matrix components, AAA bone implants provoked the highest inflammatory reaction. When AAA bone samples were implanted in immunosuppressed rats, the inflammatory reaction was suppressed and 94o/o of the implants showed endochondral bone formation. The chondroinductivity of the bone samples also was tested in vitro using neonatal rat muscle tissue to avoid interference with inflammatory cells and secreted cytokines. In this assay, 68°/o of AAA bone samples induced chondroneogenesis, while untreated as weil as lyophilized bone samples failed to induce any cartilage formation. The results clearly dernonstrafe that AAA bone has osteoinductive properties. Biomechanical stability of AAA bone implants depends on the degree of demineralization. Thus, they can be prepared in an appropriate manner for different indications in oral and maxillofacial surgery. KW - Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts-Chirurgie KW - Oralchirurgie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86715 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lutz, Werner K. A1 - Schlatter, Josef T1 - The relative importance of mutagens and carcinogens in the diet. N2 - Known mutagens and carcinogens in the dict were compiled and the risk of cancer was estimated on the basis of average exposure Ievels in Switzerland and carcinogenic potencies from rodent bioassays. The analysis showed that, except for a1cohol, the sum of all known dietary carcinogens could only explain a few percent of the cancer deaths attributed by epidemiologists to dietary factors. The discrepancy was explained by a "carcinogenicity" of excess macronutrients. This hypothesis was based on an evaluation of dietary restriction experiments in rats and mice, where a dramatic reducing effect on spontaneaus tumour formation was seen. From these experiments, a "carcinogenic potency" was deduced for food in excess (TD50 approximately 16 g/kg per day). Ovemutrition in Switzerland was converted into excess food intake and the cancer risk estimated on the basis ofthe TD50 value. The resulting risk of60,000 cases per one million lives wou1d aJlow to explain by overnutrition almost all "diet-related" cancer deaths in humans. KW - Medizin Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86311 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morschhäuser, Joachim A1 - Vetter, Viktoria A1 - Korhonen, Timo A1 - Uhlin, Bernt Eric A1 - Hacker, Jörg T1 - Regulation and binding properties of S fimbriae cloned from E. coli strains causing urinary tract infection and meningitis N2 - S fimbriae are able to recognize receptor molecules containing sialic acid and are produced by pathogenic E. coli strains causing urinary tract infection and menigitis. In order to characterize the corresponding genetic determinant, termed S fimbrial adhesin ( sfa) gene duster, we have cloned the S-specific genes from a urinary pathogen and from a meningitis isolate. Nine genes are involved in the production of S fimbriae, two of these, sfaB and sfaC code for regulatory proteins being necessary for the expression of S fimbriae. Two promoters, PB and Pc, are located in front of these genes. Transcription of the sfa determinant is influenced by activation of the promotersvia SfaB and SfaC, the action of the H-NS protein and an RNaseE-specific mRNA processing. In addition, a third promoter, P A• located in front of the major subunit gene sfaA, can be activated under special circumstances. Four genes of the sfa determinant code for the subunit-specific proteins, SfaA (16 kda), SfaG (17 kda), SfaS (14 kda) and SfaH (29 kda). It was demonstrated that the protein SfaA is the major subunit protein while SfaS is identical to the sialic-acid-specific adhesin of S fimbriae. The introduction of specific mutations into sfaS revealed that a region of six amino acids of the adhesin which includes two lysine and one arginine residues is involved in the receptor specific interaction of S fimbriae. Additionally, it has been shown that SfaS is necessary for the induction of fimbriation while SfaH plays a role in the stringency of binding of S fimbriae to erythrocytes. KW - Escherichia coli KW - Harnwegsinfekt KW - Hirnhautentzündung Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86140 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cavari, Benzion A1 - Funkenstein, Bruria A1 - Chen, Thomas T. A1 - Gonzalez-Villasenor, Lucia Irene A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Effect of growth hormone on the growth rate of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), and use of different constructs for the production of transgenic fish N2 - When bovine or human growth hormones (GH) were injected into 6 months old (about 10 g) gilthead seabream, the growth rate of the fish, as measured by changes in their weight, increased by only about 15% compared with the saline-injected control. No effect or even slight inhibition of the growth rate was obtained when chicken or porcine GHs were injected. In a preliminary experiment, it was found that injection ofthe native GH increased the growth rate ofthe fish by about 20% after treatment for only 2 weeks. An expression vector, using the pRE1 plasmid and transformation into MZl cells, produced the gilthead seabream GH, providing a supply for further experiments on the effect of the homologaus GH on growth. Two reporter genes, ß-galactosidase (lacZ) and melanoma oncogene of Xiphophorus (mrk YY), were microinjected into fertilized eggs of S. aurata. Expression of these two genes could be demonstrated in 2-day-old embryos, the lacZ gene by staining of its enzymatic product, and the mrk YY gene by its phenotypic expression. KW - Goldbrasse KW - Somatotropin KW - Wachstum KW - Transgene Tiere Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69765 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adami, Hans-Olov A1 - Dragsted, Lars A1 - Enig, Bent A1 - Hansen, Jens A1 - Haraldsdóttir, Jóhanna A1 - Hill, Michael J. A1 - Holm, Lars Erik A1 - Knudsen, Ib A1 - Larsen, Jens-Jorgen A1 - Lutz, Werner K. A1 - Osler, Merete A1 - Overvad, Kim A1 - Sabroe, Svend A1 - Sanner, Tore A1 - Strube, Michael A1 - Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. A1 - Thorling, Eivind B. T1 - Report from the working group on diet and cancer. N2 - No abstract available. KW - Krebs KW - Ernährung Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71601 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hacker, Jörg A1 - Ott, Manfred A1 - Wintermeyer, Eva A1 - Ludwig, Birgit A1 - Fischer, Gunter T1 - Analysis of virulence factors of Legionella pneumophila. N2 - Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease is a facultative intracellular bacterium, which in the course of human infection multiplies in lung macrophages predominantly manifesting as pneumonia. The natural habitat of Legionella is found in sweet water reservoirs and man-made water systems. Virulent L. pneumophila spontaneously convert to an avirulent status at a high frequency. Genetic approaches have led to the identification of various L. pneumophila genes. The mip (macrophage infectivity potentiator) determinant remains at present the sole established virulence factor. The Mip protein exhibits activity of a peptidyl prolyl cis trans isomerase (PPiase), an enzyme which is able to bind the immunosuppressant FK506 and is involved in protein folding. The recently cloned major outer membrane protein (MOMP) could play a role in the uptake of legionellae by macrophages. Cellular models are useful in studying the intracellular replication of legionellae in eukaryotic cells. Human celllines and protozoan models are appropriate for this purpose. By using U 937 macrophage-like cells and Acanthamoeba castellanii as hosts, we could discriminate virulent and avirulent L. pneumophila variants since only the virulent strain was capable of intracellular growth at 37 oc. By using these systems we further demonstrated that a hemolytic factor cloned and characterized in our laboratory, legiolysin (lly), had no influence on the intracellular growth of L. pneumophila. KW - Legionella pneumophila Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70620 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stöber, Gerald A1 - Franzek, E. A1 - Beckmann, H. T1 - Obstetric complications in distinct Schizophrenie subgroups N2 - In 55 chronic DSM I11 -R schi zophre nics the occurrence of obstetr ic complica ti ons (OCs) was investigated us ing the famili al/sporael ic strategy and Leonhard's unsystemati c/systematic distin ction. The overa ll frequency and severity of OCs elid not differ be tween patie nts anel controls. A sub-sample of patients, whose genetic ri sk was supposed to be high in both class ification systems (d iagnos is 01' unsystematic anel fa mili al sc hizophre ni a), had s igni ficantly fewer OCs than controls on the Lewis anel Murray scale (P < 0.05). With reference to previous reports of inc reased morta lity rates in the offspring of schizop hre nics, high genetic risk and addition al perinatal stressors may in crease perin atal mortality. In contrast, pat ie nts whose genetic ri sk was sllpposed to be low in both systems (di agnos is of systematic and sporadic sc hizophrenia) showed a trend to an increased freqllency of OCs in the Fuchs scale. In the context of the recently reported highl y signi ficantly increased rate of matern al infections dllring midgestation in these pati e nts, it was supposed th at perin atal complications may be of so me ae tio logical importance in sc hizophrenics with low genetic ri sk. KW - Psychiatrie KW - obstetric complications KW - schizophrenia KW - famiIiaI ·sporadic concept KW - Leonhard cIassification Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82223 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, J. A1 - Krenn, V. A1 - Czub, S. A1 - Schindler, C. A1 - Kneitz, C. A1 - Kerkau, T. A1 - Stahl-Henning, C. A1 - Coulibaly, C. A1 - Hunsmann, G. A1 - Rethwilm, Axel A1 - ter Meulen, Volker A1 - Müller-Hermelink, H. K. T1 - The thymus in SIV infection N2 - no abstract available KW - HIV-Infektion KW - Tierversuch KW - Tiermodell KW - Retroviren-Infektion KW - Kongress KW - Hamburg Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80265 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jesaitis, A. J. A1 - Klotz, Karl-Norbert T1 - Cytoskeletal regulation of chemotactic receptors: Molecular complexation of N-formyl peptide receptors with G proteins and actin N2 - Signal transduction via receptors for N-formylmethionyl peptide chemoattractants (FPR) on human neutrophils is a highly regulated process. It involves direct interaction of receptors with heterotrimeric G-proteins and may be under thc control of cytoskeletal clemcnts. Evidencc exists suggesting that thc cytoskeleton and/or the membrane ske1eton determines the distribution of FPR in the plane of the plasma membrane, thus controlling FPR accessibility to different protcins in functionally distinct membrane domains. In desensitized cells, FPR are restricted to domains which are depleted of G proteins but enriched in cytoskeletal proteins such as actin and fodrin. Thus, the G protein signal transduction partners of FPR become inacccssible to the agonist-occupied receptor, preventing cell activation. We are investigating the molecular basis for the interaction of FPR with the membrane skeleton, and our results suggest that FPR, and possibly other receptors, may directly bind to cytoskeletal proteins such as actin. KW - Immunologie KW - chemotaxis KW - formyl peptides KW - receptors KW - actin KW - G proteins KW - cytoskeleton KW - membrane skeleton Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-79673 ER -