TY - JOUR A1 - Kortmann, Mareike A1 - Angelstam, Per A1 - Mayer, Marius A1 - Leibl, Franz A1 - Reichert, Jessica A1 - Thorn, Christine A1 - Thorn, Simon T1 - Disturbance severity and human–nature relationships: A new approach to analyze people’s well-being along a bark beetle infestation gradient JF - Forests N2 - Contact to nature and greenspace is important for emotional well-being and can promote human health. Forest landscapes provide such access to greenspace, especially in protected areas. However, forested protected areas are impacted by natural disturbances such as bark beetle infestations. On the one hand, such disturbances have positive impacts on ecological processes and biodiversity. On the other hand, they have allegedly negative impacts on the recreational value of a landscape. Limited knowledge about the public’s perception of forests subject to natural disturbances still hampers forest management to balance ecological functions and visitors’ recreational experience. Thus, our aim was to determine how attitudes towards nature influence the personal well-being in a naturally disturbed landscape. We investigated self-reported well-being and attitudes towards nature in a standardized questionnaire-based survey of 1008 German inhabitants in an experimentally adapted landscape visualization. Self-reported well-being was generally highest in landscapes with relatively few bark-beetle-killed trees. This was especially the case for people who felt included with nature and preferred an appreciative use or preservation of nature. Conversely, people who had previously visited a national park with visible bark beetle infestations rated their personal well-being highest in landscapes with larger proportions of beetle-killed trees. Our results indicate that it is necessary to analyze people’s knowledge about and relations to forest landscapes as well as concepts of nature conservation, natural landscapes, and biodiversity to gain a better understanding of people’s perceptions of natural disturbances. KW - bark beetle disturbance KW - major environmental values KW - well-being KW - inclusion of nature in one’s self KW - national park Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297429 SN - 1999-4907 VL - 13 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lulé, Dorothée A1 - Kübler, Andrea A1 - Ludolph, Albert C. T1 - Ethical principles in patient-centered medical care to support quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis JF - Frontiers in Neurology N2 - It is one of the primary goals of medical care to secure good quality of life (QoL) while prolonging survival. This is a major challenge in severe medical conditions with a prognosis such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Further, the definition of QoL and the question whether survival in this severe condition is compatible with a good QoL is a matter of subjective and culture-specific debate. Some people without neurodegenerative conditions believe that physical decline is incompatible with satisfactory QoL. Current data provide extensive evidence that psychosocial adaptation in ALS is possible, indicated by a satisfactory QoL. Thus, there is no fatalistic link of loss of QoL when physical health declines. There are intrinsic and extrinsic factors that have been shown to successfully facilitate and secure QoL in ALS which will be reviewed in the following article following the four ethical principles (1) Beneficence, (2) Non-maleficence, (3) Autonomy and (4) Justice, which are regarded as key elements of patient centered medical care according to Beauchamp and Childress. This is a JPND-funded work to summarize findings of the project NEEDSinALS (www.NEEDSinALS.com) which highlights subjective perspectives and preferences in medical decision making in ALS. KW - ethics KW - quality of life (QoL) KW - care KW - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) KW - well-being KW - depression KW - coping KW - psychosocial adaptation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196239 SN - 1664-2295 VL - 10 ER - TY - THES A1 - Marker, Caroline T1 - On a meta-level: Contributions of meta-analytic summaries in media psychological research T1 - Auf der Meta-Ebene: Der Beitrag meta-analytischer Zusammenfassungen für die Medienpsychologie N2 - The rising use of new media has given rise to public discussions about their possible negative consequences. The social sciences have answered these concerns, providing many studies investigating different media types (e.g., social media, video games) and different related variables (e.g., psychological well-being, academic achievement). Within this big body of research, some research results have confirmed negative associations with frequent media use; other studies have found no or even positive relationships. With heterogeneous results, it is difficult to obtain a clear picture of the relationships and causalities of new media. The method of meta-analysis allows a synthesis of all existing data, providing an overall effect size as well as moderator and mediator analyses which might explain the heterogeneity. Three manuscripts present meta-analytic evidence related to a) the relationship between social media use and academic achievement, b) the relationship between video gaming and overweight, and c) the relationship between social media and psychological correlates. Manuscript #1 found small relationships which depend on the usage pattern of social media. The relationship is positive, as long as social media use is related to school. Manuscript #2 showed that children’s and adolescents’ video gaming is independent from their body mass, while adults who play more have a higher body mass. Manuscript #3 summarized existing meta-analytic evidence that links social media with psychological wellbeing, academic achievement, and narcissism with small to moderate effect sizes. All three manuscripts underscore the potential of meta-analyses to synthesize previous research and to identify moderators. Although meta-analyses are not necessarily superior to other approaches because of their limitations (e.g. limited information or quality of primary studies) they are very promising for media psychology. Meta-analyses can reduce complexity and might be helpful for the communication of research results to the general public. N2 - Die Entwicklung neuer Medien wurde von öffentlichen Debatten über mögliche negative Folgen begleitet. Wissenschaftler*innen reagierten auf diese Bedenken mit einer Vielzahl von Studien und untersuchten mögliche Effekte verschiedener Medientypen (z. B. soziale Medien, Videospiele) auf verschiedene Variablen (z. B. psychologisches Wohlbefinden, akademische Leistungen). Während manche Forschungsergebnisse die diskutierten negativen Zusammenhänge häufiger Mediennutzung bestätigten, fanden andere Studien jedoch keine oder sogar positive Zusammenhänge. Die Forschungslage zu medienpsychologischen Fragestellungen zeigt oft heterogene Ergebnisse, die keine abschließenden Aussagen erlauben. Eine Lösung für dieses Problem ist die Methode der Meta-Analyse. Hierbei werden alle vorhandenen Studien zusammengefasst und ein Gesamteffekt berechnet. Darüber hinaus können Moderator- und Mediatoranalysen durchgeführt werden, die die Heterogenität zwischen den Studien erklären könnten. In drei Manuskripten wurden a) die Beziehung zwischen Social Media-Nutzung und akademischen Leistungen, b) die Beziehung zwischen Videospielen und Übergewicht und c) die Beziehung zwischen sozialen Medien und psychologischen Korrelaten meta-analytisch untersucht. In Manuskript Nr. 1 zeigte sich, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen sozialen Medien und akademischer Leistung von der Art der Nutzung abhing. Der Zusammenhang war positiv, solange die Nutzung sozialer Medien akademischen Zwecken diente. Manuskript 2 zeigte, dass das Körpergewicht von Kindern und Jugendlichen nicht in Verbindung mit der Videospielenutzung stand, während Erwachsene, die mehr spielten, eine höhere Körpermasse hatten. Manuskript Nr. 3 fasste meta-analytische Studien mit gleichen Fragestellungen zu sozialen Medien und psychologischen Variablen (Wohlbefinden, akademische Leistung, Narzissmus) zusammen. Alle drei Manuskripte unterstreichen das Potenzial von Metaanalysen, den existierenden Forschungsstand zusammenzufassen und Moderatorvariablen zu identifizieren. Obwohl Meta-Analysen aufgrund ihrer Einschränkungen (z. B. die begrenzte Anzahl und Qualität von Primärstudien) anderen Methoden nicht unbedingt überlegen sind, sind sie dennoch für medienpsychologische Fragestellungen sehr vielversprechend. Metaanalysen sind in der Lage die Komplexität des Forschungsstands zu reduzieren und könnten für die Kommunikation von Forschungsergebnissen an die breite Öffentlichkeit hilfreich sein. KW - Medienkonsum KW - Social Media KW - Schulleistung KW - Übergewicht KW - Psychologie KW - Meta-analysis KW - new media KW - academic achievement KW - well-being KW - body weight KW - Metaanalyse KW - akademische Leistung KW - Körpergewicht KW - Wohlbefinden KW - Neue Medien Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-209173 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kübler, Andrea A1 - Hautzinger, Martin A1 - Ludolph, Albert A1 - Dickhaus, Thorsten A1 - Real, Ruben G. L. T1 - Well-being in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a pilot experience sampling study N2 - Objective: The aim of this longitudinal study was to identify predictors of instantaneous well-being in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Based on flow theory well-being was expected to be highest when perceived demands and perceived control were in balance, and that thinking about the past would be a risk factor for rumination which would in turn reduce well-being. Methods: Using the experience sampling method, data on current activities, associated aspects of perceived demands, control, and well-being were collected from 10 patients with ALS three times a day for two weeks. Results: Results show that perceived control was uniformly and positively associated with well-being, but that demands were only positively associated with well-being when they were perceived as controllable. Mediation analysis confirmed thinking about the past, but not thinking about the future, to be a risk factor for rumination and reduced well-being. Discussion: Findings extend our knowledge of factors contributing to well-being in ALS as not only perceived control but also perceived demands can contribute to well-being. They further show that a focus on present experiences might contribute to increased well-being. KW - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis KW - ALS KW - coping KW - well-being KW - experience sampling KW - ESM KW - reminiscence KW - rumination Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-113057 ER -