TY - CHAP A1 - Schmitz, Barbara T1 - King and God : conceptions of rule and God in 3 Maccabees T2 - Figures who shape scriptures, scriptures that shape figures N2 - In 3 Maccabees, kingship as a form of rule is addressed on two levels: On the political level the question about a good king is addressed against the background of Hellenistic understandings of kingship, using the example of Ptolemy IV Philopator. This king is portrayed at the beginning of 3 Maccabees as a successful, positive, Hellenistic ruler, but one whose good rule goes off the rails. This analysis of the ideal of Hellenistic rule (cf. 3 Macc. 3:12-29; 6:24-28; 7:1-9) is then taken to a theological level: the God of Israel is portrayed as the true good king, the Soter who saves his people in their time of greatest trial (6:29, 32; 7:16). By these means the many divine epithets that are a striking feature of 3 Maccabees are incorporated into the narrative (cf. 2:2-3). Thereby 3 Maccabees not only thematises the conflict with a Hellenistic king who exploits his power in diverse ways but also focuses in a concentrated way the notion of a good (Hellenistic) king into the notion of God as king and ruler. KW - Maccabees KW - Hellenistic kingship KW - Xenophon KW - Cyropaidia KW - Isocrates KW - God in 3 Macc Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-205149 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grande, Vincenzo A1 - Soberats, Bartolome A1 - Herbst, Stefanie A1 - Stepanenko, Vladimir A1 - Würthner, Frank T1 - Hydrogen-bonded perylene bisimide J-aggregate aqua material N2 - A new twelvefold methoxy-triethyleneglycol-jacketed tetraphenoxy-perylene bisimide (MEG-PBI) amphiphile was synthesized that self-assembles into two types of supramolecular aggregates in water: red-coloured aggregates of low order and with weak exciton coupling among the PBIs and blue-coloured strongly coupled J-aggregates consisting of a highly ordered hydrogen-bonded triple helix of PBIs. At room temperature this PBI is miscible with water at any proportions which enables the development of robust dye aggregates in solution, in hydrogel states and in lyotropic liquid crystalline states. In the presence of 60–95 wt% water, self-standing coloured hydrogels exhibit colour changes from red to blue accompanied by a fluorescence light-up in the far-red region upon heating in the range of 30–50 °C. This phenomenon is triggered by an entropically driven temperature-induced hydrogen-bond-directed slipped stacking arrangement of the MEG-PBI chromophores within structurally well-defined J-aggregates. This versatile aqua material is the first example of a stable PBI J-aggregate in water. We anticipate that this study will open a new avenue for the development of biocompatible functional materials based on self-assembled dyes and inspire the construction of other hydrogen-bonded supramolecular materials in the highly competitive solvent water. KW - self-assembly KW - dyes KW - aqua material Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204715 UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC02409J SN - 2041-6539 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hagg, Wilfried A1 - Mayr, Elisabeth A1 - Mannig, Birgit A1 - Reyers, Mark A1 - Schubert, David A1 - Pinto, Joaquim G. A1 - Peters, Juliane A1 - Pieczonka, Tino A1 - Juen, Martin A1 - Bolch, Tobias A1 - Paeth, Heiko A1 - Mayer, Christoph T1 - Future climate change and its impact on runoff generation from the debris-covered Inylchek glaciers, Central Tian Shan, Kyrgyzstan JF - Water N2 - The heavily debris-covered Inylchek glaciers in the central Tian Shan are the largest glacier system in the Tarim catchment. It is assumed that almost 50% of the discharge of Tarim River are provided by glaciers. For this reason, climatic changes, and thus changes in glacier mass balance and glacier discharge are of high impact for the whole region. In this study, a conceptual hydrological model able to incorporate discharge from debris-covered glacier areas is presented. To simulate glacier melt and subsequent runoff in the past (1970/1971–1999/2000) and future (2070/2071–2099/2100), meteorological input data were generated based on ECHAM5/MPI-OM1 global climate model projections. The hydrological model HBV-LMU was calibrated by an automatic calibration algorithm using runoff and snow cover information as objective functions. Manual fine-tuning was performed to avoid unrealistic results for glacier mass balance. The simulations show that annual runoff sums will increase significantly under future climate conditions. A sensitivity analysis revealed that total runoff does not decrease until the glacier area is reduced by 43%. Ice melt is the major runoff source in the recent past, and its contribution will even increase in the coming decades. Seasonal changes reveal a trend towards enhanced melt in spring, but a change from a glacial-nival to a nival-pluvial runoff regime will not be reached until the end of this century. KW - glaciers KW - debris-covered glaciers KW - hydrological modelling KW - climate scenarios KW - Tian Shan Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197592 SN - 2073-4441 VL - 10 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weis, Matthias A1 - Shan, Junwen A1 - Kuhlmann, Matthias A1 - Jungst, Tomasz A1 - Tessmar, Jörg A1 - Groll, Jürgen T1 - Evaluation of hydrogels based on oxidized hyaluronic acid for bioprinting JF - Gels N2 - In this study, we evaluate hydrogels based on oxidized hyaluronic acid, cross-linked with adipic acid dihydrazide, for their suitability as bioinks for 3D bioprinting. Aldehyde containing hyaluronic acid (AHA) is synthesized and cross-linked via Schiff Base chemistry with bifunctional adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) to form a mechanically stable hydrogel with good printability. Mechanical and rheological properties of the printed and casted hydrogels are tunable depending on the concentrations of AHA and ADH cross-linkers. KW - biofabrication KW - bioprinting KW - hyaluronic acid Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197600 SN - 2310-2861 VL - 4 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khan, Muhammad Usman A1 - Pirzadeh, Maryam A1 - Förster, Carola Yvette A1 - Shityakov, Sergey A1 - Shariati, Mohammad Ali T1 - Role of milk-derived antibacterial peptides in modern food biotechnology: their synthesis, applications and future perspectives JF - Biomolecules N2 - Milk-derived antibacterial peptides (ABPs) are protein fragments with a positive influence on the functions and conditions of a living organism. Milk-derived ABPs have several useful properties important for human health, comprising a significant antibacterial effect against various pathogens, but contain toxic side-effects. These compounds are mainly produced from milk proteins via fermentation and protein hydrolysis. However, they can also be produced using recombinant DNA techniques or organic synthesis. This review describes the role of milk-derived ABPs in modern food biotechnology with an emphasis on their synthesis and applications. Additionally, we also discuss the mechanisms of action and the main bioproperties of ABPs. Finally, we explore future perspectives for improving ABP physicochemical properties and diminishing their toxic side-effects. KW - milk proteins KW - bioactive peptide KW - antibacterial activity KW - fermentation KW - protein hydrolysis KW - recombinant DNA KW - peptide synthesis Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197610 SN - 2218-273X VL - 8 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marzocco, Stefania A1 - Fazeli, Gholamreza A1 - Di Micco, Lucia A1 - Autore, Giuseppina A1 - Adesso, Simona A1 - Dal Piaz, Fabrizio A1 - Heidland, August A1 - Di Iorio, Biagio T1 - Supplementation of short-chain fatty acid, sodium propionate, in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: beneficial effects on inflammatory parameters and gut-derived uremic toxins, a pilot study (PLAN Study) JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Background: In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), gut-derived uremic toxins play a crucial role in the systemic inflammation and oxidative stress promoting the excess morbidity and mortality. The biochemical derangement is in part a consequence of an insufficient generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) due to the dysbiosis of the gut and an insufficient consumption of the fermentable complex carbohydrates. Aim of the study: The primary end-point was to evaluate the potential efficacy of SCFA (specifically, sodium propionate (SP)) for patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) on systemic inflammation. Secondary end-points included potential attenuation of oxidative stress markers, insulin resistance and production of gut-derived uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate, as well as health status after SP supplementation. Study design: We performed a single-center non-randomized pilot study in 20 MHD patients. They received the food additive SP with a daily intake of 2 × 500 mg in the form of capsules for 12 weeks. Pre-dialysis blood samples were taken at the beginning, after six weeks and at the end of the administration period, as well as four weeks after withdrawal of the treatment. Results: The subjects revealed a significant decline of inflammatory parameters C-reactive protein (−46%), interleukin IL-2 (−27%) and IL-17 (−15%). The inflammatory parameters IL-6 and IFN-gamma showed a mild non-significant reduction and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased significantly (+71%). While the concentration of bacterial endotoxins and TNF-α remained unchanged, the gut-derived uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate (−30%) and p-cresyl sulfate (−50%), revealed a significant decline. The SP supplementation reduced the parameters of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (−32%) and glutathione peroxidase activity (−28%). The serum insulin levels dropped by 30% and the HOMA-index by 32%. The reduction of inflammatory parameters was associated with a lowering of ferritin and a significant increase in transferrin saturation (TSAT). Four weeks after the end of the treatment phase, all improved parameters deteriorated again. Evaluation of the psycho-physical performance with the short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire showed an enhancement in the self-reported physical functioning, general health, vitality and mental health. The SP supplementation was well tolerated and without important side effects. No patient had left the study due to intolerance to the medication. The SP supplementation in MHD patients reduced pro-inflammatory parameters and oxidative stress and improved insulin resistance and iron metabolism. Furthermore, SP effectively lowered the important gut-derived uremic toxins indoxyl and p-cresol sulfate. These improvements were associated with a better quality of life. Further controlled studies are required in a larger cohort to evaluate the clinical outcome. KW - propionic acid KW - chronic kidney disease KW - hemodialysis KW - gut microbiome KW - systemic micro-inflammation oxidative stress KW - indoxyl sulfate KW - p-cresyl sulfate Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197626 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 7 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yanku, Yifat A1 - Bitman-Lotan, Eliya A1 - Zohar, Yaniv A1 - Kurant, Estee A1 - Zilke, Norman A1 - Eilers, Martin A1 - Orian, Amir T1 - Drosophila HUWE1 ubiquitin ligase regulates endoreplication and antagonizes JNK signaling during salivary gland development JF - Cells N2 - The HECT-type ubiquitin ligase HECT, UBA and WWE Domain Containing 1, (HUWE1) regulates key cancer-related pathways, including the Myc oncogene. It affects cell proliferation, stress and immune signaling, mitochondria homeostasis, and cell death. HUWE1 is evolutionarily conserved from Caenorhabditis elegance to Drosophila melanogaster and Humans. Here, we report that the Drosophila ortholog, dHUWE1 (CG8184), is an essential gene whose loss results in embryonic lethality and whose tissue-specific disruption establishes its regulatory role in larval salivary gland development. dHUWE1 is essential for endoreplication of salivary gland cells and its knockdown results in the inability of these cells to replicate DNA. Remarkably, dHUWE1 is a survival factor that prevents premature activation of JNK signaling, thus preventing the disintegration of the salivary gland, which occurs physiologically during pupal stages. This function of dHUWE1 is general, as its inhibitory effect is observed also during eye development and at the organismal level. Epistatic studies revealed that the loss of dHUWE1 is compensated by dMyc proeitn expression or the loss of dmP53. dHUWE1 is therefore a conserved survival factor that regulates organ formation during Drosophila development. KW - HECT KW - HUWE1 KW - ubiquitin KW - salivary gland KW - endoreplication KW - JNK KW - dMyc KW - dmP53 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197630 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 7 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bura, Thomas A1 - Beaupré, Serge A1 - Légaré, Marc-André A1 - Ibraikulov, Olzhas A. A1 - Leclerc, Nicolas A1 - Leclerc, Mario T1 - Theoretical calculations for highly selective Direct Heteroarylation Polymerization: new nitrile-substituted Dithienyl-Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers JF - Molecules N2 - Direct Heteroarylation Polymerization (DHAP) is becoming a valuable alternative to classical polymerization methods being used to synthesize π-conjugated polymers for organic electronics applications. In previous work, we showed that theoretical calculations on activation energy (Ea) of the C–H bonds were helpful to rationalize and predict the selectivity of the DHAP. For readers’ convenience, we have gathered in this work all our previous theoretical calculations on Ea and performed new ones. Those theoretical calculations cover now most of the widely utilized electron-rich and electron-poor moieties studied in organic electronics like dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DT-DPP) derivatives. Theoretical calculations reported herein show strong modulation of the Ea of C–H bond on DT-DPP when a bromine atom or strong electron withdrawing groups (such as fluorine or nitrile) are added to the thienyl moiety. Based on those theoretical calculations, new cyanated dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (CNDT-DPP) monomers and copolymers were prepared by DHAP and their electro-optical properties were compared with their non-fluorinated and fluorinated analogues. KW - DHAP KW - selectivity KW - theoretical calculations KW - conjugated polymers KW - organic electronics Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197648 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 23 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nyamekye, Clement A1 - Thiel, Michael A1 - Schönbrodt-Stitt, Sarah A1 - Zoungrana, Benewinde J.-B. A1 - Amekudzi, Leonard K. T1 - Soil and water conservation in Burkina Faso, West Africa JF - Sustainability N2 - Inadequate land management and agricultural activities have largely resulted in land degradation in Burkina Faso. The nationwide governmental and institutional driven implementation and adoption of soil and water conservation measures (SWCM) since the early 1960s, however, is expected to successively slow down the degradation process and to increase the agricultural output. Even though relevant measures have been taken, only a few studies have been conducted to quantify their effect, for instance, on soil erosion and environmental restoration. In addition, a comprehensive summary of initiatives, implementation strategies, and eventually region-specific requirements for adopting different SWCM is missing. The present study therefore aims to review the different SWCM in Burkina Faso and implementation programs, as well as to provide information on their effects on environmental restoration and agricultural productivity. This was achieved by considering over 143 studies focusing on Burkina Faso’s experience and research progress in areas of SWCM and soil erosion. SWCM in Burkina Faso have largely resulted in an increase in agricultural productivity and improvement in food security. Finally, this study aims at supporting the country’s informed decision-making for extending already existing SWCM and for deriving further implementation strategies. KW - soil and water conservation KW - environmental degradation KW - agricultural productivity KW - food security KW - soil erosion KW - Burkina Faso Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197653 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 10 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bencurova, Elena A1 - Gupta, Shishir K. A1 - Sarukhanyan, Edita A1 - Dandekar, Thomas T1 - Identification of antifungal targets based on computer modeling JF - Journal of Fungi N2 - Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic, cosmopolitan fungus that attacks patients with a weak immune system. A rational solution against fungal infection aims to manipulate fungal metabolism or to block enzymes essential for Aspergillus survival. Here we discuss and compare different bioinformatics approaches to analyze possible targeting strategies on fungal-unique pathways. For instance, phylogenetic analysis reveals fungal targets, while domain analysis allows us to spot minor differences in protein composition between the host and fungi. Moreover, protein networks between host and fungi can be systematically compared by looking at orthologs and exploiting information from host–pathogen interaction databases. Further data—such as knowledge of a three-dimensional structure, gene expression data, or information from calculated metabolic fluxes—refine the search and rapidly put a focus on the best targets for antimycotics. We analyzed several of the best targets for application to structure-based drug design. Finally, we discuss general advantages and limitations in identification of unique fungal pathways and protein targets when applying bioinformatics tools. KW - Aspergillus KW - metabolic pathways KW - computational modelling KW - drug design Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197670 SN - 2309-608X VL - 4 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lausch, Angela A1 - Borg, Erik A1 - Bumberger, Jan A1 - Dietrich, Peter A1 - Heurich, Marco A1 - Huth, Andreas A1 - Jung, András A1 - Klenke, Reinhard A1 - Knapp, Sonja A1 - Mollenhauer, Hannes A1 - Paasche, Hendrik A1 - Paulheim, Heiko A1 - Pause, Marion A1 - Schweitzer, Christian A1 - Schmulius, Christiane A1 - Settele, Josef A1 - Skidmore, Andrew K. A1 - Wegmann, Martin A1 - Zacharias, Steffen A1 - Kirsten, Toralf A1 - Schaepman, Michael E. T1 - Understanding forest health with remote sensing, part III: requirements for a scalable multi-source forest health monitoring network based on data science approaches JF - Remote Sensing N2 - Forest ecosystems fulfill a whole host of ecosystem functions that are essential for life on our planet. However, an unprecedented level of anthropogenic influences is reducing the resilience and stability of our forest ecosystems as well as their ecosystem functions. The relationships between drivers, stress, and ecosystem functions in forest ecosystems are complex, multi-faceted, and often non-linear, and yet forest managers, decision makers, and politicians need to be able to make rapid decisions that are data-driven and based on short and long-term monitoring information, complex modeling, and analysis approaches. A huge number of long-standing and standardized forest health inventory approaches already exist, and are increasingly integrating remote-sensing based monitoring approaches. Unfortunately, these approaches in monitoring, data storage, analysis, prognosis, and assessment still do not satisfy the future requirements of information and digital knowledge processing of the 21st century. Therefore, this paper discusses and presents in detail five sets of requirements, including their relevance, necessity, and the possible solutions that would be necessary for establishing a feasible multi-source forest health monitoring network for the 21st century. Namely, these requirements are: (1) understanding the effects of multiple stressors on forest health; (2) using remote sensing (RS) approaches to monitor forest health; (3) coupling different monitoring approaches; (4) using data science as a bridge between complex and multidimensional big forest health (FH) data; and (5) a future multi-source forest health monitoring network. It became apparent that no existing monitoring approach, technique, model, or platform is sufficient on its own to monitor, model, forecast, or assess forest health and its resilience. In order to advance the development of a multi-source forest health monitoring network, we argue that in order to gain a better understanding of forest health in our complex world, it would be conducive to implement the concepts of data science with the components: (i) digitalization; (ii) standardization with metadata management after the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles; (iii) Semantic Web; (iv) proof, trust, and uncertainties; (v) tools for data science analysis; and (vi) easy tools for scientists, data managers, and stakeholders for decision-making support. KW - forest health KW - in situ forest monitoring KW - remote sensing KW - data science KW - digitalization KW - big data KW - semantic web KW - linked open data KW - FAIR KW - multi-source forest health monitoring network Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197691 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 10 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmann, Jonas A1 - Balles, Andreas A1 - Zabler, Simon T1 - Optimization based evaluation of grating interferometric phase stepping series and analysis of mechanical setup instabilities JF - Journal of Imaging N2 - The diffraction contrast modalities accessible by X-ray grating interferometers are not imaged directly but have to be inferred from sine-like signal variations occurring in a series of images acquired at varying relative positions of the interferometer’s gratings. The absolute spatial translations involved in the acquisition of these phase stepping series usually lie in the range of only a few hundred nanometers, wherefore positioning errors as small as 10 nm will already translate into signal uncertainties of 1–10% in the final images if not accounted for. Classically, the relative grating positions in the phase stepping series are considered input parameters to the analysis and are, for the Fast Fourier Transform that is typically employed, required to be equidistantly distributed over multiples of the gratings’ period. In the following, a fast converging optimization scheme is presented simultaneously determining the phase stepping curves’ parameters as well as the actually performed motions of the stepped grating, including also erroneous rotational motions which are commonly neglected. While the correction of solely the translational errors along the stepping direction is found to be sufficient with regard to the reduction of image artifacts, the possibility to also detect minute rotations about all axes proves to be a valuable tool for system calibration and monitoring. The simplicity of the provided algorithm, in particular when only considering translational errors, makes it well suitable as a standard evaluation procedure also for large image series. KW - X-ray imaging KW - Talbot–Lau interferometer KW - grating interferometer KW - phase contrast imaging KW - darkfield imaging KW - phase stepping KW - optimization Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197723 SN - 2313-433X VL - 4 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boehm, Anne A1 - Meininger, Susanne A1 - Tesch, Annemarie A1 - Gbureck, Uwe A1 - Müller, Frank A. T1 - The mechanical properties of biocompatible apatite bone cement reinforced with chemically activated carbon fibers JF - Materials N2 - Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a well-established bone replacement material in dentistry and orthopedics. CPC mimics the physicochemical properties of natural bone and therefore shows excellent in vivo behavior. However, due to their brittleness, the application of CPC implants is limited to non-load bearing areas. Generally, the fiber-reinforcement of ceramic materials enhances fracture resistance, but simultaneously reduces the strength of the composite. Combining strong C-fiber reinforcement with a hydroxyapatite to form a CPC with a chemical modification of the fiber surface allowed us to adjust the fiber–matrix interface and consequently the fracture behavior. Thus, we could demonstrate enhanced mechanical properties of CPC in terms of bending strength and work of fracture to a strain of 5% (WOF5). Hereby, the strength increased by a factor of four from 9.2 ± 1.7 to 38.4 ± 1.7 MPa. Simultaneously, the WOF5 increased from 0.02 ± 0.004 to 2.0 ± 0.6 kJ∙m−2, when utilizing an aqua regia/CaCl2 pretreatment. The cell proliferation and activity of MG63 osteoblast-like cells as biocompatibility markers were not affected by fiber addition nor by fiber treatment. CPC reinforced with chemically activated C-fibers is a promising bone replacement material for load-bearing applications. KW - calcium phosphate cement KW - damage tolerant cement KW - carbon fiber reinforcement KW - interface control KW - fiber–matrix interaction Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197808 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 11 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wei, Chunzhu A1 - Blaschke, Thomas T1 - Pixel-wise vs. object-based impervious surface analysis from remote sensing: correlations with land surface temperature and population density JF - Urban Science N2 - Impervious surface areas (ISA) are heavily influenced by urban structure and related structural features. We examined the effects of object-based impervious surface spatial pattern analysis on land surface temperature and population density in Guangzhou, China, in comparison to classic per-pixel analyses. An object-based support vector machine (SVM) and a linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) were integrated to estimate ISA fraction using images from the Chinese HJ-1B satellite for 2009 to 2011. The results revealed that the integrated object-based SVM-LSMA algorithm outperformed the traditional pixel-wise LSMA algorithm in classifying ISA fraction. More specifically, the object-based ISA spatial patterns extracted were more suitable than pixel-wise patterns for urban heat island (UHI) studies, in which the UHI areas (landscape surface temperature >37 °C) generally feature high ISA fraction values (ISA fraction >50%). In addition, the object-based spatial patterns enable us to quantify the relationship of ISA with population density (correlation coefficient >0.2 in general), with global human settlement density (correlation coefficient >0.2), and with night-time light map (correlation coefficient >0.4), and, whereas pixel-wise ISA did not yield significant correlations. These results indicate that object-based spatial patterns have a high potential for UHI detection and urbanization monitoring. Planning measures that aim to reduce the urbanization impacts and UHI intensities can be better supported. KW - impervious surface areas KW - object-based image analysis KW - land surface temperature KW - population density Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197829 SN - 2413-8851 VL - 2 IS - 1 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Titov, Evgenii A1 - Humeniuk, Alexander A1 - Mitric, Roland T1 - Exciton localization in excited-state dynamics of a tetracene trimer: A surface hopping LC-TDDFTB study T2 - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics N2 - Excitons in the molecular aggregates of chromophores are key participants in important processes such as photosynthesis or the functioning of organic photovoltaic devices. Therefore, the exploration of exciton dynamics is crucial. Here we report on exciton localization during excited-state dynamics of the recently synthesized tetracene trimer [Liu et al., Org. Lett., 2017, 19, 580]. We employ the surface hopping approach to nonadiabatic molecular dynamics in conjunction with the long-range corrected time-dependent density functional tight binding (LC-TDDFTB) method [Humeniuk and Mitrić, Comput. Phys. Commun., 2017, 221, 174]. Utilizing a set of descriptors based on the transition density matrix, we perform comprehensive analysis of exciton dynamics. The obtained results reveal an ultrafast exciton localization to a single tetracene unit of the trimer during excited-state dynamics, along with exciton transfer between units. KW - Exciton dynamics Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198680 UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CP05240A N1 - Accepted Manuscript ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Madan, Christopher R. A1 - Bayer, Janine A1 - Gamer, Matthias A1 - Lonsdorf, Tina B. A1 - Sommer, Tobias T1 - Visual Complexity and Affect: Ratings Reflect More Than Meets the Eye JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Pictorial stimuli can vary on many dimensions, several aspects of which are captured by the term ‘visual complexity.’ Visual complexity can be described as, “a picture of a few objects, colors, or structures would be less complex than a very colorful picture of many objects that is composed of several components.” Prior studies have reported a relationship between affect and visual complexity, where complex pictures are rated as more pleasant and arousing. However, a relationship in the opposite direction, an effect of affect on visual complexity, is also possible; emotional arousal and valence are known to influence selective attention and visual processing. In a series of experiments, we found that ratings of visual complexity correlated with affective ratings, and independently also with computational measures of visual complexity. These computational measures did not correlate with affect, suggesting that complexity ratings are separately related to distinct factors. We investigated the relationship between affect and ratings of visual complexity, finding an ‘arousal-complexity bias’ to be a robust phenomenon. Moreover, we found this bias could be attenuated when explicitly indicated but did not correlate with inter-individual difference measures of affective processing, and was largely unrelated to cognitive and eyetracking measures. Taken together, the arousal-complexity bias seems to be caused by a relationship between arousal and visual processing as it has been described for the greater vividness of arousing pictures. The described arousal-complexity bias is also of relevance from an experimental perspective because visual complexity is often considered a variable to control for when using pictorial stimuli. KW - visual complexity KW - affect KW - arousal KW - valence KW - eyetracking KW - emotion Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190015 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 IS - 2368 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trafimow, David A1 - Amrhein, Valentin A1 - Areshenkoff, Corson N. A1 - Barrera-Causil, Carlos J. A1 - Beh, Eric J. A1 - Bilgiç, Yusuf K. A1 - Bono, Roser A1 - Bradley, Michael T. A1 - Briggs, William M. A1 - Cepeda-Freyre, Héctor A. A1 - Chaigneau, Sergio E. A1 - Ciocca, Daniel R. A1 - Correa, Juan C. A1 - Cousineau, Denis A1 - de Boer, Michiel R. A1 - Dhar, Subhra S. A1 - Dolgov, Igor A1 - Gómez-Benito, Juana A1 - Grendar, Marian A1 - Grice, James W. A1 - Guerrero-Gimenez, Martin E. A1 - Gutiérrez, Andrés A1 - Huedo-Medina, Tania B. A1 - Jaffe, Klaus A1 - Janyan, Armina A1 - Karimnezhad, Ali A1 - Korner-Nievergelt, Fränzi A1 - Kosugi, Koji A1 - Lachmair, Martin A1 - Ledesma, Rubén D. A1 - Limongi, Roberto A1 - Liuzza, Marco T. A1 - Lombardo, Rosaria A1 - Marks, Michael J. A1 - Meinlschmidt, Gunther A1 - Nalborczyk, Ladislas A1 - Nguyen, Hung T. A1 - Ospina, Raydonal A1 - Perezgonzalez, Jose D. A1 - Pfister, Roland A1 - Rahona, Juan J. A1 - Rodríguez-Medina, David A. A1 - Romão, Xavier A1 - Ruiz-Fernández, Susana A1 - Suarez, Isabel A1 - Tegethoff, Marion A1 - Tejo, Mauricio A1 - van de Schoot, Rens A1 - Vankov, Ivan I. A1 - Velasco-Forero, Santiago A1 - Wang, Tonghui A1 - Yamada, Yuki A1 - Zoppino, Felipe C. M. A1 - Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando T1 - Manipulating the Alpha Level Cannot Cure Significance Testing JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - We argue that making accept/reject decisions on scientific hypotheses, including a recent call for changing the canonical alpha level from p = 0.05 to p = 0.005, is deleterious for the finding of new discoveries and the progress of science. Given that blanket and variable alpha levels both are problematic, it is sensible to dispense with significance testing altogether. There are alternatives that address study design and sample size much more directly than significance testing does; but none of the statistical tools should be taken as the new magic method giving clear-cut mechanical answers. Inference should not be based on single studies at all, but on cumulative evidence from multiple independent studies. When evaluating the strength of the evidence, we should consider, for example, auxiliary assumptions, the strength of the experimental design, and implications for applications. To boil all this down to a binary decision based on a p-value threshold of 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, or anything else, is not acceptable. KW - statistical significance KW - null hypothesis testing KW - p-value KW - significance testing KW - decision making Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189973 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 9 IS - 699 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwab, Frank A1 - Hennighausen, Christine A1 - Adler, Dorothea C. A1 - Carolus, Astrid T1 - Television Is Still “Easy” and Print Is Still “Tough”? More Than 30 Years of Research on the Amount of Invested Mental Effort JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - We provide a literature overview of 30 years of research on the amount of invested mental effort (AIME, Salomon, 1984), illuminating relevant literature in this field. Since the introduction of AIME, this concept appears to have vanished. To obtain a clearer picture of where the theory of AIME has diffused, we conducted a literature search focusing on the period 1985–2015. We examined scientific articles (N = 244) that cite Salomon (1984) and content-analyzed their keywords. Based on these keywords, we identified seven content clusters: affect and motivation, application fields, cognition and learning, education and teaching, media technology, learning with media technology, and methods. We present selected works of each content cluster and describe in which research field the articles had been published. Results indicate that AIME was most commonly (but not exclusively) referred to in the area of educational psychology indicating its importance regarding learning and education, thereby investigating print and TV, as well as new media. From a methodological perspective, research applied various research methods (e.g., longitudinal studies, experimental designs, theoretical analysis) and samples (e.g., children, college students, low income families). From these findings, the importance of AIME for further research is discussed. KW - AIME KW - amount of invested mental effort KW - literature review KW - content-analysis KW - content cluster Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189965 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 9 IS - 1098 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolff, Hans-Georg A1 - Weikamp, Julia G. A1 - Batinic, Bernad T1 - Implicit Motives as Determinants of Networking Behaviors JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - In today’s world of work, networking behaviors are an important and viable strategy to enhance success in work and career domains. Concerning personality as an antecedent of networking behaviors, prior studies have exclusively relied on trait perspectives that focus on how people feel, think, and act. Adopting a motivational perspective on personality, we enlarge this focus and argue that beyond traits predominantly tapping social content, motives shed further light on instrumental aspects of networking – or why people network. We use McClelland’s implicit motives framework of need for power (nPow), need for achievement (nAch), and need for affiliation (nAff) to examine instrumental determinants of networking. Using a facet theoretical approach to networking behaviors, we predict differential relations of these three motives with facets of (1) internal vs. external networking and (2) building, maintaining, and using contacts. We conducted an online study, in which we temporally separate measures (N = 539 employed individuals) to examine our hypotheses. Using multivariate latent regression, we show that nAch is related to networking in general. In line with theoretical differences between networking facets, we find that nAff is positively related to building contacts, whereas nPow is positively related to using internal contacts. In sum, this study shows that networking is not only driven by social factors (i.e., nAff), but instead the achievement motive is the most important driver of networking behaviors. KW - networking KW - social capital KW - implicit motives KW - work behavior KW - social interaction KW - career self-management Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189954 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 9 IS - 411 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nagler, Matthias A1 - Nägele, Thomas A1 - Gilli, Christian A1 - Fragner, Lena A1 - Korte, Arthur A1 - Platzer, Alexander A1 - Farlow, Ashley A1 - Nordborg, Magnus A1 - Weckwerth, Wolfram T1 - Eco-Metabolomics and Metabolic Modeling: Making the Leap From Model Systems in the Lab to Native Populations in the Field JF - Frontiers in Plant Science N2 - Experimental high-throughput analysis of molecular networks is a central approach to characterize the adaptation of plant metabolism to the environment. However, recent studies have demonstrated that it is hardly possible to predict in situ metabolic phenotypes from experiments under controlled conditions, such as growth chambers or greenhouses. This is particularly due to the high molecular variance of in situ samples induced by environmental fluctuations. An approach of functional metabolome interpretation of field samples would be desirable in order to be able to identify and trace back the impact of environmental changes on plant metabolism. To test the applicability of metabolomics studies for a characterization of plant populations in the field, we have identified and analyzed in situ samples of nearby grown natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana in Austria. A. thaliana is the primary molecular biological model system in plant biology with one of the best functionally annotated genomes representing a reference system for all other plant genome projects. The genomes of these novel natural populations were sequenced and phylogenetically compared to a comprehensive genome database of A. thaliana ecotypes. Experimental results on primary and secondary metabolite profiling and genotypic variation were functionally integrated by a data mining strategy, which combines statistical output of metabolomics data with genome-derived biochemical pathway reconstruction and metabolic modeling. Correlations of biochemical model predictions and population-specific genetic variation indicated varying strategies of metabolic regulation on a population level which enabled the direct comparison, differentiation, and prediction of metabolic adaptation of the same species to different habitats. These differences were most pronounced at organic and amino acid metabolism as well as at the interface of primary and secondary metabolism and allowed for the direct classification of population-specific metabolic phenotypes within geographically contiguous sampling sites. KW - eco-metabolomics KW - in situ analysis KW - metabolomics KW - metabolic modeling KW - SNP KW - natural variation KW - Jacobian matrix KW - green systems biology Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189560 SN - 1664-462X VL - 9 IS - 1556 ER -