TY - JOUR A1 - Horder, Hannes A1 - Guaza Lasheras, Mar A1 - Grummel, Nadine A1 - Nadernezhad, Ali A1 - Herbig, Johannes A1 - Ergün, Süleyman A1 - Teßmar, Jörg A1 - Groll, Jürgen A1 - Fabry, Ben A1 - Bauer-Kreisel, Petra A1 - Blunk, Torsten T1 - Bioprinting and differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cell spheroids for a 3D breast cancer-adipose tissue model JF - Cells N2 - Biofabrication, including printing technologies, has emerged as a powerful approach to the design of disease models, such as in cancer research. In breast cancer, adipose tissue has been acknowledged as an important part of the tumor microenvironment favoring tumor progression. Therefore, in this study, a 3D-printed breast cancer model for facilitating investigations into cancer cell-adipocyte interaction was developed. First, we focused on the printability of human adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) spheroids in an extrusion-based bioprinting setup and the adipogenic differentiation within printed spheroids into adipose microtissues. The printing process was optimized in terms of spheroid viability and homogeneous spheroid distribution in a hyaluronic acid-based bioink. Adipogenic differentiation after printing was demonstrated by lipid accumulation, expression of adipogenic marker genes, and an adipogenic ECM profile. Subsequently, a breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) compartment was printed onto the adipose tissue constructs. After nine days of co-culture, we observed a cancer cell-induced reduction of the lipid content and a remodeling of the ECM within the adipose tissues, with increased fibronectin, collagen I and collagen VI expression. Together, our data demonstrate that 3D-printed breast cancer-adipose tissue models can recapitulate important aspects of the complex cell–cell and cell–matrix interplay within the tumor-stroma microenvironment KW - adipose-derived stromal cells KW - adipose tissue KW - bioprinting KW - breast cancer model KW - extracellular matrix KW - hyaluronic acid KW - spheroids Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236496 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hauptstein, Julia A1 - Forster, Leonard A1 - Nadernezhad, Ali A1 - Horder, Hannes A1 - Stahlhut, Philipp A1 - Groll, Jürgen A1 - Blunk, Torsten A1 - Teßmar, Jörg T1 - Bioink Platform Utilizing Dual-Stage Crosslinking of Hyaluronic Acid Tailored for Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells JF - Macromolecular Bioscience N2 - 3D bioprinting often involves application of highly concentrated polymeric bioinks to enable fabrication of stable cell-hydrogel constructs, although poor cell survival, compromised stem cell differentiation, and an inhomogeneous distribution of newly produced extracellular matrix (ECM) are frequently observed. Therefore, this study presents a bioink platform using a new versatile dual-stage crosslinking approach based on thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH), which not only provides stand-alone 3D printability but also facilitates effective chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. A range of HA-SH with different molecular weights is synthesized and crosslinked with acrylated (PEG-diacryl) and allylated (PEG-diallyl) polyethylene glycol in a two-step reaction scheme. The initial Michael addition is used to achieve ink printability, followed by UV-mediated thiol–ene reaction to stabilize the printed bioink for long-term cell culture. Bioinks with high molecular weight HA-SH (>200 kDa) require comparably low polymer content to facilitate bioprinting. This leads to superior quality of cartilaginous constructs which possess a coherent ECM and a strongly increased stiffness of long-term cultured constructs. The dual-stage system may serve as an example to design platforms using two independent crosslinking reactions at one functional group, which allows adjusting printability as well as material and biological properties of bioinks. KW - hyaluronic acid KW - biofabrication KW - chondrogenic differentiation KW - dual-stage crosslinking KW - extracellular matrix Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257556 VL - 22 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frischholz, Sebastian A1 - Berberich, Oliver A1 - Böck, Thomas A1 - Meffert, Rainer H. A1 - Blunk, Torsten T1 - Resveratrol counteracts IL‐1β‐mediated impairment of extracellular matrix deposition in 3D articular chondrocyte constructs JF - Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine N2 - When aiming at cell‐based therapies in osteoarthritis (OA), proinflammatory conditions mediated by cytokines such as IL‐1β need to be considered. In recent studies, the phytoalexin resveratrol (RSV) has exhibited potent anti‐inflammatory properties. However, long‐term effects on 3D cartilaginous constructs under inflammatory conditions with regard to tissue quality, especially extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, have remained unexplored. Therefore, we employed long‐term model cultures for cell‐based therapies in an in vitro OA environment and evaluated effects of RSV. Pellet constructs made from expanded porcine articular chondrocytes were cultured with either IL‐1β (1–10 ng/ml) or RSV (50 μM) alone, or a cotreatment with both agents. Treatments were applied for 14 days, either directly after pellet formation or after a preculture period of 7 days. Culture with IL‐1β (10 ng/ml) decreased pellet size and DNA amount and severely compromised glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content. Cotreatment with RSV distinctly counteracted the proinflammatory catabolism and led to partial rescue of the ECM composition in both culture systems, with especially strong effects on GAG. Marked MMP13 expression was detected in IL‐1β‐treated pellets, but none upon RSV cotreatment. Expression of collagen type I was increased upon IL‐1β treatment and still observed when adding RSV, whereas collagen type X, indicating hypertrophy, was detected exclusively in pellets treated with RSV alone. In conclusion, RSV can counteract IL‐1β‐mediated degradation and distinctly improve cartilaginous ECM deposition in 3D long‐term inflammatory cultures. Nevertheless, potential hypertrophic effects should be taken into account when considering RSV as cotreatment for articular cartilage repair techniques. KW - articular chondrocytes KW - cartilage KW - cell‐based therapy KW - extracellular matrix KW - IL‐1β KW - inflammation KW - osteoarthritis KW - resveratrol Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215471 VL - 14 IS - 7 SP - 897 EP - 908 ER - TY - THES A1 - Frischholz, Sebastian T1 - Resveratrol Counteracts IL-1β-mediated Impairment of Extracellular Matrix Deposition in 3D Articular Chondrocyte Constructs T1 - Resveratrol wirkt der IL-1β-vermittelten Beeinträchtigung von Extrazellulärmatrix-Deposition in 3D Konstrukten aus artikulären Chondrozyten entgegen N2 - Articular cartilage is an exceptional connective tissue which by a network of fibrillar collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) molecules allows both low- friction articulation and distribution of loads to the subchondral bone (Armiento et al., 2018, Ulrich-Vinther et al., 2003). Because of its very limited ability to self-repair, chondral defects following traumatic injury increase the risk for secondary osteoarthritis (OA) (Muthuri et al., 2011). Still, current OA treatments such as common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and joint replacement primarily address end-stage symptoms (Tonge et al., 2014). As low-grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of OA (Robinson et al., 2016), there is a strong demand for novel therapeutic concepts, such as integrating application of anti-inflammatory agents into cartilage cell- based therapies in order to effectively treat OA affected joints in early disease stages. The polyphenolic phytoalexin resveratrol (RSV), found in the skin of red grapes, berries, and peanuts, has been shown to have effective anti-inflammatory properties (Shen et al., 2012). However, its long-term effects on 3D chondrocyte constructs cultured in an inflammatory environment with regard to tissue quality have remained unexplored so far. Therefore, in this study, pellets made from expanded porcine articular chondrocytes were cultured for 14 days with either the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (1 - 10 ng/ml) or RSV (50 μM) alone, or a co-treatment with both agents. Constructs treated with chondrocyte medium only served as control. Treatment with IL-1β at 10 ng/ml resulted in a significantly smaller pellet size and reduced DNA content. However, RSV counteracted the IL-1β-induced decrease and significantly enhanced diameter and DNA content. Also, in terms of GAG deposition, treatment with IL-1β at 10 ng/ml resulted in a tremendous depletion of absolute GAG content and GAG/DNA. Again, RSV co-treatment counteracted the inflammatory stimulus and led to a partial recovery of GAG content. Histological analysis utilizing safranin-O staining confirmed these findings. Marked expression of the cartilage-degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) was detected in IL-1β-treated pellets, but none upon RSV co- treatment. Moreover, co-treatment of IL-1β-challenged constructs with RSV significantly increased absolute collagen content. However, under non- inflammatory conditions, RSV induced gene expression and protein accumulation of collagen type X, a marker for undesirable hypertrophy. Taken together, in the present thesis, RSV was demonstrated to elicit marked beneficial effects on the extracellular matrix composition of 3D cartilaginous constructs in long-term inflammatory culture in vitro, but also induced hypertrophy under non-inflammatory conditions. Based on these findings, further experiments examining multiple concentrations of RSV under various inflammatory conditions appear desirable concerning potential therapeutic applicability in OA. N2 - Gelenkknorpel ermöglicht als spezielles Bindegewebe aus Kollagenfasern und Glykosaminoglykanen (GAG) sowohl die reibungsarme Beweglichkeit in Gelenken als auch die Lastübertragung auf angrenzende Knochen (Armiento et al., 2018, Ulrich-Vinther et al., 2003). Aufgrund der sehr begrenzten Fähigkeit zur intrinsischen Erneuerung erhöhen chondrale Defekte nach traumatischen Verletzungen das Risiko für sekundäre Arthrose (Osteoarthritis; OA) (Muthuri et al., 2011). Dennoch konzentrieren sich derzeitige Behandlungsansätze, einschließlich nichtsteroidaler Antirheumatika (NSAR) und des operativen Gelenkersatzes, hauptsächlich auf Symptome im Endstadium der Erkrankung (Tonge et al., 2014). Da eine geringgradige Entzündung eine entscheidende Rolle in der Pathogenese der Arthrose spielt (Robinson et al., 2016), besteht ein starker Bedarf an neuartigen Therapiekonzepten, wie der Kombination von anti- inflammatorischen Wirkstoffen mit knorpelzellbasierten Therapien, um von Arthrose betroffene Gelenke in frühen Krankheitsstadien wirksam zu behandeln. Das polyphenolische Phytoalexin Resveratrol (RSV), welches in der Schale roter Weintrauben, in Beeren und Erdnüssen vorkommt, besitzt starke entzündungshemmende Eigenschaften (Shen et al., 2012). Langzeiteffekte auf 3D-Knorpelkonstrukte unter inflammatorischen Bedingungen sind hinsichtlich der Gewebequalität jedoch bislang unerforscht geblieben. Daher wurden in der vorliegenden Studie Pellets aus expandierten porcinen Gelenkknorpelzellen über einen Zeitraum von 14 Tagen entweder mit dem pro-inflammatorischen Zytokin Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (1 - 10 ng/ml) oder RSV (50 μM) allein, oder mit beiden Agenzien kombiniert behandelt. Konstrukte, welche nur serumfreies Chondrozytenmedium erhielten, dienten als Kontrolle. Die Behandlung mit IL- 1β in einer Konzentration von 10 ng/ml führte zu einem signifikant geringeren Durchmesser der Pellets sowie einem verringerten DNA-Gehalt. RSV wirkte dieser IL-1β-vermittelten Reduktion entgegen und steigerte signifikant sowohl Durchmesser als auch DNA-Gehalt der untersuchten Konstrukte. Auch in Bezug auf die Deposition von GAG-Molekülen führte die Kultur mit IL-1β (10 ng/ml) zu einer massiven Abnahme des absoluten GAG-Gehaltes und der GAG/DNA- Ratio. Abermals wirkte die gleichzeitige Behandlung mit RSV dem Entzündungsreiz deutlich entgegen und resultierte in einer partiellen Wiederherstellung des GAG-Gehaltes. Die histologische Analyse unter Verwendung von Safranin-O-Färbungen bestätigte diese Ergebnisse. Darüber hinaus manifestierte sich eine ausgeprägte Expression des knorpelabbauenden Enzyms Matrix-Metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) in IL-1β behandelten Pellets, nicht jedoch in denen, die simultan mit RSV behandelt wurden. Außerdem resultierte die gleichzeitige Behandlung von IL-1β-stimulierten Konstrukten mit RSV in einer signifikanten Erhöhung des absoluten Kollagengehaltes. Unter nicht-inflammatorischen Bedingungen induzierte RSV die Genexpression und Proteinakkumulation von Kollagen Typ X, einem Marker für unerwünschte Hypertrophie. Zusammengefasst wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit gezeigt, dass RSV deutliche positive Effekte auf die Extrazellulärmatrix von 3D- Knorpelkonstrukten in einer Langzeit-Entzündungskultur in vitro hervorruft, allerdings unter nicht-inflammatorischen Bedingungen Hypertrophie induziert. Basierend auf diesen Befunden erscheinen weitere Experimente zur Untersuchung unterschiedlicher RSV-Konzentrationen unter verschiedenen Entzündungsbedingungen hinsichtlich einer möglichen therapeutischen Anwendbarkeit bei OA wünschenswert. KW - Resveratrol KW - Interleukin 1-beta KW - Gelenkknorpel KW - Extrazelluläre Matrix KW - Osteoarthritis KW - IL-1β KW - articular chondrocytes KW - cartilage KW - cell-based therapy KW - extracellular matrix KW - inflammation KW - osteoarthritis KW - resveratrol Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237453 ER -