TY - JOUR A1 - Kapp, Markus A1 - Kosmala, Aleksander A1 - Kircher, Stefan A1 - Luber, Verena A1 - Kunzmann, Volker T1 - Exceptional Response to Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine in a Patient with a Refractory Adenocarcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater JF - Case Reports in Oncology N2 - Ampullary carcinoma is a rare tumor and evidence on the treatment of recurrent metastatic disease is scarce. We report the case of a 60-year-old patient with an R0-resected node-positive adenocarcinoma of the papilla of Vater of an initially diagnosed intestinal subtype who developed pulmonary metastases 2 months after adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy and, subsequently, liver metastases. Palliative combination chemotherapy with standard regimens for intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (FOLFOX and FOLFIRI) failed. However, subsequent combination chemotherapy with nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel and gemcitabine, a regimen with proven efficacy in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, resulted in a durable, very good partial remission. Treatment was manageable and well tolerated. Primary tumor and metastatic tissue were reassessed by immunohistochemistry and had to be reclassified to a mixed phenotype containing predominant elements of the pancreatobiliary subtype. Our case suggests that combination chemotherapy with nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel and gemcitabine could represent a promising option for the treatment of this rare disease and warrants further investigation within controlled clinical trials. Moreover, thorough characterization of ampullary carcinomas by histomorphology and additional immunohistochemistry should become mandatory in order to start a chemotherapeutic regimen tailored for the definitive subtype. KW - adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater KW - intestinal-type adenocarcinoma KW - pancreatobiliary type KW - FOLFOX KW - FOLFIRI KW - gemcitabine KW - nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168358 VL - 9 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalleda, Natarajaswamy A1 - Amich, Jorge A1 - Arslan, Berkan A1 - Poreddy, Spoorthi A1 - Mattenheimer, Katharina A1 - Mokhtari, Zeinab A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Brock, Matthias A1 - Heinze, Katrin Gertrud A1 - Beilhack, Andreas T1 - Dynamic Immune Cell Recruitment After Murine Pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus Infection under Different Immunosuppressive Regimens JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Humans are continuously exposed to airborne spores of the saprophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. However, in healthy individuals pulmonary host defense mechanisms efficiently eliminate the fungus. In contrast, A. fumigatus causes devastating infections in immunocompromised patients. Host immune responses against A. fumigatus lung infections in immunocompromised conditions have remained largely elusive. Given the dynamic changes in immune cell subsets within tissues upon immunosuppressive therapy, we dissected the spatiotemporal pulmonary immune response after A. fumigatus infection to reveal basic immunological events that fail to effectively control invasive fungal disease. In different immunocompromised murine models, myeloid, notably neutrophils, and macrophages, but not lymphoid cells were strongly recruited to the lungs upon infection. Other myeloid cells, particularly dendritic cells and monocytes, were only recruited to lungs of corticosteroid treated mice, which developed a strong pulmonary inflammation after infection. Lymphoid cells, particularly CD4\(^+\) or CD8\(^+\) T-cells and NK cells were highly reduced upon immunosuppression and not recruited after A. fumigatus infection. Moreover, adoptive CD11b\(^+\) myeloid cell transfer rescued cyclophosphamide immunosuppressed mice from lethal A. fumigatus infection but not cortisone and cyclophosphamide immunosuppressed mice. Our findings illustrate that CD11b\(^+\) myeloid cells are critical for anti-A. fumigatus defense under cyclophosphamide immunosuppressed conditions. KW - corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide KW - aspergillus fumigatus KW - CD11b+ myeloid cells KW - immune cell recruitment Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165368 VL - 7 IS - 1107 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heise, Ruth A1 - Amann, Philipp M. A1 - Ensslen, Silke A1 - Marquardt, Yvonne A1 - Czaja, Katharina A1 - Joussen, Sylvia A1 - Beer, Daniel A1 - Abele, Rupert A1 - Plewnia, Gabriele A1 - Tampé, Robert A1 - Merk, Hans F. A1 - Hermanns, Heike M. A1 - Baron, Jens M. T1 - Interferon Alpha Signalling and Its Relevance for the Upregulatory Effect of Transporter Proteins Associated with Antigen Processing (TAP) in Patients with Malignant Melanoma JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Introduction Interferon alpha (IFNα) is routinely used in the clinical practice for adjuvant systemic melanoma therapy. Understanding the molecular mechanism of IFNα effects and prediction of response in the IFNα therapy regime allows initiation and continuation of IFNα treatment for responder and exclusion of non-responder to avoid therapy inefficacy and side-effects. The transporter protein associated with antigen processing-1 (TAP1) is part of the MHC class I peptide-loading complex, and important for antigen presentation in tumor and antigen presenting cells. In the context of personalized medicine, we address this potential biomarker TAP1 as a target of IFNα signalling. Results We could show that IFNα upregulates TAP1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with malignant melanoma receiving adjuvant high-dose immunotherapy. IFNα also induced expression of TAP1 in mouse blood and tumor tissue and suppressed the formation of melanoma metastasis in an in vivo B16 tumor model. Besides its expression, TAP binding affinity and transport activity is induced by IFNα in human monocytic THP1 cells. Furthermore, our data revealed that IFNα clearly activates phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 in THP1 and A375 melanoma cells. Inhibition of Janus kinases abrogates the IFNα-induced TAP1 expression. These results suggest that the JAK/STAT pathway is a crucial mediator for TAP1 expression elicited by IFNα treatment. Conclusion We suppose that silencing of TAP1 expression provides tumor cells with a mechanism to escape cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recognition. The observed benefit of IFNα treatment could be mediated by the shown dual effect of TAP1 upregulation in antigen presenting cells on the one hand, and of TAP1 upregulation in ‘silent’ metastatic melanoma cells on the other hand. In conclusion, this work contributes to a better understanding of the mode of action of IFNα which is essential to identify markers to predict, assess and monitor therapeutic response of IFNα treatment in the future. KW - interferon alpha signalling KW - interferon alpha (IFNα) KW - transporter protein associated with antigen processing-1 (TAP1) KW - melanoma therapy Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167409 VL - 11 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gökbuget, N. A1 - Kelsh, M. A1 - Chia, V. A1 - Advani, A. A1 - Bassan, R. A1 - Dombret, H. A1 - Doubek, M. A1 - Fielding, A. K. A1 - Giebel, S. A1 - Haddad, V. A1 - Hoelzer, D. A1 - Holland, C. A1 - Ifrah, N. A1 - Katz, A. A1 - Maniar, T. A1 - Martinelli, G. A1 - Morgades, M. A1 - O'Brien, S. A1 - Ribera, J.-M. A1 - Rowe, J. M. A1 - Stein, A. A1 - Topp, M. A1 - Wadleigh, M. A1 - Kantarjian, H. T1 - Blinatumomab vs historical standard therapy of adult relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia JF - Blood Cancer Journal N2 - We compared outcomes from a single-arm study of blinatumomab in adult patients with B-precursor Ph-negative relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R ALL) with a historical data set from Europe and the United States. Estimates of complete remission (CR) and overall survival (OS) were weighted by the frequency distribution of prognostic factors in the blinatumomab trial. Outcomes were also compared between the trial and historical data using propensity score methods. The historical cohort included 694 patients with CR data and 1112 patients with OS data compared with 189 patients with CR and survival data in the blinatumomab trial. The weighted analysis revealed a CR rate of 24% (95% CI: 20–27%) and a median OS of 3.3 months (95% CI: 2.8–3.6) in the historical cohort compared with a CR/CRh rate of 43% (95% CI: 36–50%) and a median OS of 6.1 months (95% CI: 4.2–7.5) in the blinatumomab trial. Propensity score analysis estimated increased odds of CR/CRh (OR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.67–4.31) and improved OS (HR=0.536, 95% CI: 0.394–0.730) with blinatumomab. The analysis demonstrates the application of different study designs and statistical methods to compare novel therapies for R/R ALL with historical data. KW - Acute lymphocytic leukaemia KW - Drug development Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164495 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Groeber, Florian A1 - Engelhardt, Lisa A1 - Lange, Julia A1 - Kurdyn, Szymon A1 - Schmid, Freia F. A1 - Rücker, Christoph A1 - Mielke, Stephan A1 - Walles, Heike A1 - Hansmann, Jan T1 - A First Vascularized Skin Equivalent as an Alternative to Animal Experimentation JF - ALTEX - Alternatives to Animal Experimentation N2 - Tissue-engineered skin equivalents mimic key aspects of the human skin, and can thus be employed as wound coverage for large skin defects or as in vitro test systems as an alternative to animal models. However, current skin equivalents lack a functional vasculature limiting clinical and research applications. This study demonstrates the generation of a vascularized skin equivalent with a perfused vascular network by combining a biological vascularized scaffold (BioVaSc) based on a decellularized segment of a porcine jejunum and a tailored bioreactor system. Briefly, the BioVaSc was seeded with human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and human microvascular endothelial cells. After 14 days at the air-liquid interface, hematoxylin & eosin and immunohistological staining revealed a specific histological architecture representative of the human dermis and epidermis including a papillary-like architecture at the dermal-epidermal-junction. The formation of the skin barrier was measured non-destructively using impedance spectroscopy. Additionally, endothelial cells lined the walls of the formed vessels that could be perfused with a physiological volume flow. Due to the presence of a complex in-vivo-like vasculature, the here shown skin equivalent has the potential for skin grafting and represents a sophisticated in vitro model for dermatological research. KW - alternative to animal testing KW - skin equivalents KW - tissue engineering KW - vascularization Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164438 VL - 33 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Geiger, Katharina T1 - Etablierung eines Vektorsystems zum shRNA-vermittelten Knockdown von Y-box binding protein 1 T1 - Generating a vector system for the shRNA-mediated knockdown of Y-box binding protein 1 N2 - Die Funktion eines Genes zu erforschen, indem man es ausschaltet, und damit seiner Rolle im komplexen Zusammenspiel der einzelnen Prozesse des menschlichen Körpers nachzugehen, stellt heutzutage eines der vielversprechendsten Felder der Gentechnologie dar. Der als RNA-Interferenz bekannte Mechanismus wurde in dieser Arbeit durch den Einsatz von sogenannten short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), dauerhaft in das Wirtsgenom integrierter Knockdown-Träger, für das Gen bzw. Protein Y box binding Protein (YBX1) angewendet. YBX1, ein Vertreter der Cold-Shock-Proteine, stellt einen zentralen Interakteur lebensnotwendiger Prozesse wie Proliferation, Apoptose und Embryogenese im menschlichen Körper dar. Seine Dysregulation wird jedoch auch in einen Zusammenhang mit Entzündung, Tumorformation und –aufrechterhaltung gebracht, unter anderem auch für das Multiple Myelom. Das Multiple Myelom ist für 1% aller Krebserkrankungen weltweit verantwortlich mit noch immer ungelösten Problemen unzulänglicher Therapie und deletärer Prognose. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Möglichkeit geschaffen, die Rolle von YBX1 für das Multiple Myelom mit Hilfe einer Maus-Plasmazelllinie in vivo zu untersuchen. Dies geschah durch die Suppression der Genexpression von YBX1 mittels verschiedener gegen YBX1 gerichteter Polymerase II-getriebener short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). Diese wurden in ein lentivirales Plasmid kloniert. Durch das Vorhandensein von Tetrazyklin induzierbaren Promotoren (Tet-On bzw. Tet-Off) wurde die Möglichkeit geschaffen, einen konditionellen Knockdown von YBX1 zu induzieren. Dies war notwendig, da initiale Arbeiten mit humanen Myelomzelllinien zeigten, dass der Knockdown von YBX1 Apoptose induzieren kann. Mit diesem Konstrukt wurden in HEK293 Zellen lentivirale Partikel hergestellt und damit die murine Plasmozytomzelle MOPC315.BM stabil transduziert. Nach Selektion, Klonierung und Testung (Puromycin-Selektion, RFP-Expression und Western-Blot Analyse) stand ein Zellklon zur Verfügung, der einen induzierbaren YBX1 Knockdown zeigt. Damit gelang die Etablierung eines gegen YBX1 gerichteten Vektorsystems in einer murinen Plasmazellinie in vitro. Mit Hilfe dieser Zelllinien kann nun in weiteren Arbeiten untersucht werden, wie ein YBX1 Knockdown das Tumorwachstum in vivo beinflusst. N2 - One of the most dynamic areas in gene technology today is to get an understanding of a gene and its role in the human body via knockout. By using so called short hairpin RNA (shRNA), stably in the host genome integrated knockdown instruments, the mechanism of RNA interference was adopted for the gene and protein YB-1. On the one hand YB-1, a cold-shock-protein, is an important protagonist in life for vital processes such as proliferation, apoptosis and embryogenesis in the human body. On the other hand its dysregulation is associated with inflammation, tumor formation and maintenance, for example in the multiple myeloma. The multiple myeloma is responsible for 1% of all cancer entitities word wide. The therapeutic options are deficient and the prognosis is often unfavourable. In this thesis we had the possibility to analyze the importance of YB-1 for the multiple myeloma by using a multiple myeloma mouse model in vivo. Using different against YB-1 targeted polymerase II driven short hairpin shRNA (shRNA) we suppressed the expression of the gene YB-1. The shRNAs were cloned in a lentiviral plasmid. By using a tetracyclin inducible promotor (tet-on and tet-off) we got the possibility to induce a conditional knockdown of YB-1. This was necessary because the irreversible knockdown of YB-1 can be able to induce apoptosis. Lentiviral particles in HEK293 cells were produced via this construct and MOPC315.BM, a murine plasmocytoma cell, was stably transduced. After selection, cloning and verification (puromycin-selection, RFP-expression and western blot analysis) a cell clon was selected which showed an inducible YB1 knockdown. So we established a vector system targeted against YB-1 in a murine plasmocytoma cell line in vitro. Based on this findings the influence of a YB-1 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo can be investigated in future. KW - Plasmozytom KW - Gentechnologie KW - RNS-Interferenz KW - YB-1 KW - Knockdown KW - shRNA KW - Multiples Myelom KW - Plasmazellinie Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149809 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Floss, Doreen M. A1 - Klöcker, Tobias A1 - Schröder, Jutta A1 - Lamertz, Larissa A1 - Mrotzek, Simone A1 - Strobl, Birgit A1 - Hermanns, Heike A1 - Scheller, Jürgen T1 - Defining the functional binding sites of interleukin 12 receptor beta 1 and interleukin 23 receptor to Janus kinases JF - Molecular Biology of the Cell N2 - The interleukin (IL)-12-type cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 are involved in T-helper (Th) 1 and Th17 immunity, respectively. They share the IL-12 receptor beta 1 (IL-12R beta 1) as one component of their receptor signaling complexes, with IL-12R beta 2 as second receptor for IL-12 and IL-23R for IL-23 signal transduction. Stimulation with IL-12 and IL-23 results in activation of receptor-associated Janus kinases (Jak) and phosphorylation of STAT proteins in target cells. The Janus kinase tyrosine kinase (Tyk) 2 associates with IL-12R beta 1, whereas Jak2 binds to IL-23R and also to IL-12R beta 2. Receptor association of Jak2 is mediated by Box1 and Box2 motifs located within the intracellular domain of the receptor chains. Here we define the Box1 and Box2 motifs in IL-12R beta 1 and an unusual Jak2-binding site in IL-23R by the use of deletion and site-directed mutagenesis. Our data show that nonfunctional box motifs abolish IL-12- and IL-23-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and cytokine-dependent proliferation of Ba/F3 cells. Coimmunoprecipitation of Tyk2 by IL-12R beta 1 and Jak2 by IL-23R supported these findings. In addition, our data demonstrate that association of Jak2 with IL-23R is mandatory for IL-12 and/or IL-23 signaling, whereas Tyk2 seems to be dispensable. KW - Tyrosine phosphorylation KW - Cytokine receptors KW - Intracellular domain KW - IL-12 family KW - Responses KW - Signal transduction KW - T-cells KW - STAT3 activation KW - Jak kinases KW - Inflammation Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188104 VL - 27 IS - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dotterweich, Julia A1 - Tower, Robert J. A1 - Brandl, Andreas A1 - Müller, Marc A1 - Hofbauer, Lorenz C. A1 - Beilhack, Andreas A1 - Ebert, Regina A1 - Glüer, Claus C. A1 - Tiwari, Sanjay A1 - Schütze, Norbert A1 - Jakob, Franz T1 - The KISS1 Receptor as an In Vivo Microenvironment Imaging Biomarker of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease JF - PLoS One N2 - Multiple myeloma is one of the most common hematological diseases and is characterized by an aberrant proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow. As a result of crosstalk between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, bone homeostasis is disrupted leading to osteolytic lesions and poor prognosis. Current diagnostic strategies for myeloma typically rely on detection of excess monoclonal immunoglobulins or light chains in the urine or serum. However, these strategies fail to localize the sites of malignancies. In this study we sought to identify novel biomarkers of myeloma bone disease which could target the malignant cells and/or the surrounding cells of the tumor microenvironment. From these studies, the KISS1 receptor (KISS1R), a G-protein-coupled receptor known to play a role in the regulation of endocrine functions, was identified as a target gene that was upregulated on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoprogenitor cells (OPCs) when co-cultured with myeloma cells. To determine the potential of this receptor as a biomarker, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed with the KISS1R ligand, kisspeptin, conjugated with a fluorescent dye. In vitro microscopy showed binding of fluorescently-labeled kisspeptin to both myeloma cells as well as MSCs under direct co-culture conditions. Next, conjugated kisspeptin was injected into immune-competent mice containing myeloma bone lesions. Tumor-burdened limbs showed increased peak fluorescence compared to contralateral controls. These data suggest the utility of the KISS1R as a novel biomarker for multiple myeloma, capable of targeting both tumor cells and host cells of the tumor microenvironment. KW - multiple myeloma Lesions KW - fluorescence microscopy KW - biomarkers Myelomas KW - bone imaging KW - myeloma cells KW - fluorescent dyes Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146960 VL - 11 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dix, Andreas A1 - Czakai, Kristin A1 - Springer, Jan A1 - Fliesser, Mirjam A1 - Bonin, Michael A1 - Guthke, Reinhard A1 - Schmitt, Anna L. A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Linde, Jörg A1 - Löffler, Jürgen T1 - Genome-Wide Expression Profiling Reveals S100B as Biomarker for Invasive Aspergillosis JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a devastating opportunistic infection and its treatment constitutes a considerable burden for the health care system. Immunocompromised patients are at an increased risk for IA, which is mainly caused by the species Aspergillus fumigatus. An early and reliable diagnosis is required to initiate the appropriate antifungal therapy. However, diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy still needs to be improved, which can be achieved at least partly by the definition of new biomarkers. Besides the direct detection of the pathogen by the current diagnostic methods, the analysis of the host response is a promising strategy toward this aim. Following this approach, we sought to identify new biomarkers for IA. For this purpose, we analyzed gene expression profiles of hematological patients and compared profiles of patients suffering from IA with non-IA patients. Based on microarray data, we applied a comprehensive feature selection using a random forest classifier. We identified the transcript coding for the S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) as a potential new biomarker for the diagnosis of IA. Considering the expression of this gene, we were able to classify samples from patients with IA with 82.3% sensitivity and 74.6% specificity. Moreover, we validated the expression of S100B in a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and we also found a down-regulation of S100B in A. fumigatus stimulated DCs. An influence on the IL1B and CXCL1 downstream levels was demonstrated by this S100B knockdown. In conclusion, this study covers an effective feature selection revealing a key regulator of the human immune response during IA. S100B may represent an additional diagnostic marker that in combination with the established techniques may improve the accuracy of IA diagnosis. KW - human biomarker KW - invasive aspergillosis KW - allogeneic stem cell transplantation KW - gene expression data KW - fungal infection Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165386 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietrich, Christoph G. A1 - Götze, Oliver A1 - Geier, Andreas T1 - Molecular changes in hepatic metabolism and transport in cirrhosis and their functional importance JF - World Journal of Gastroenterology N2 - Liver cirrhosis is the common endpoint of many hepatic diseases and represents a relevant risk for liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progress of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is accompanied by deteriorating liver function. This review summarizes the regulatory and functional changes in phase I and phase II metabolic enzymes as well as transport proteins and provides an overview regarding lipid and glucose metabolism in cirrhotic patients. Interestingly, phase I enzymes are generally downregulated transcriptionally, while phase II enzymes are mostly preserved transcriptionally but are reduced in their function. Transport proteins are regulated in a specific way that resembles the molecular changes observed in obstructive cholestasis. Lipid and glucose metabolism are characterized by insulin resistance and catabolism, leading to the disturbance of energy expenditure and wasting. Possible non-invasive tests, especially breath tests, for components of liver metabolism are discussed. The heterogeneity and complexity of changes in hepatic metabolism complicate the assessment of liver function in individual patients. Additionally, studies in humans are rare, and species differences preclude the transferability of data from rodents to humans. In clinical practice, some established global scores or criteria form the basis for the functional evaluation of patients with liver cirrhosis, but difficult treatment decisions such as selection for transplantation or resection require further research regarding the application of existing non-invasive tests and the development of more specific tests. KW - Liver cirrhosis KW - Drug metabolism KW - Transport KW - Breath tests KW - Lipid metabolism KW - Glucose metabolism Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-191136 VL - 22 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietl, Sebastian A1 - Schwinn, Stefanie A1 - Dietl, Susanne A1 - Riedl, Simone A1 - Deinlein, Frank A1 - Rutkowski, Stefan A1 - von Bueren, Andre O. A1 - Krauss, Jürgen A1 - Schweitzer, Tilmann A1 - Vince, Giles H. A1 - Picard, Daniel A1 - Eyrich, Matthias A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Ramaswamy, Vijay A1 - Taylor, Michael D. A1 - Remke, Marc A1 - Monoranu, Camelia M. A1 - Beilhack, Andreas A1 - Schlegel, Paul G. A1 - Wölfl, Matthias T1 - MB3W1 is an orthotopic xenograft model for anaplastic medulloblastoma displaying cancer stem cell- and Group 3-properties JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and can be divided in different molecular subgroups. Patients whose tumor is classified as a Group 3 tumor have a dismal prognosis. However only very few tumor models are available for this subgroup. Methods We established a robust orthotopic xenograft model with a cell line derived from the malignant pleural effusions of a child suffering from a Group 3 medulloblastoma. Results Besides classical characteristics of this tumor subgroup, the cells display cancer stem cell characteristics including neurosphere formation, multilineage differentiation, CD133/CD15 expression, high ALDH-activity and high tumorigenicity in immunocompromised mice with xenografts exactly recapitulating the original tumor architecture. Conclusions This model using unmanipulated, human medulloblastoma cells will enable translational research, specifically focused on Group 3 medulloblastoma. KW - cancer stem cells KW - anaplastic medulloblastoma KW - group 3 KW - orthotopic xenograft KW - animal model KW - brain tumor KW - children Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145877 VL - 16 IS - 115 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dagvadorj, Nergui T1 - Improvement of T-cell response against WT1-overexpressing leukemia by newly developed anti-hDEC205-WT1 antibody fusion proteins T1 - Verbesserung der T-Zellantwort gegen WT1-überexprimierende Leukämie mit neu entwickelten anti-hDEC205-WT1-Antikörperfusionsproteinen N2 - Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) is a suitable target to develop an immunotherapeutic approach against high risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly their relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). As an intracellular protein traversing between nucleus and cytoplasm, recombinant expression of WT1 is difficult. Therefore, an induction of WT1-specific T-cell responses is mostly based on peptide vaccination as well as dendritic cell (DC) electroporation with mRNA encoding full-length protein to mount WT1-derived peptide variations presented to T cells. Alternatively, the WT1 peptide presentation could be broadened by forcing receptor-mediated endocytosis of DCs. In this study, antibody fusion proteins consisting of an antibody specific to the human DEC205 endocytic receptor and various fragments of WT1 (anti-hDEC205-WT1) were generated for a potential DC-targeted recombinant WT1 vaccine. Anti-hDEC205-WT1 antibody fusion proteins containing full-length or major parts of WT1 were not efficiently expressed and secreted due to their poor solubility and secretory capacity. However, small fragment-containing variants: anti-hDEC205-WT110-35, anti-hDEC205-WT191-138, anti-hDEC205-WT1223-273, and anti-hDEC205-WT1324-371 were obtained in good yields. Since three of these fusion proteins contain the most of the known immunogenic epitopes in their sequences, the anti-hDEC205-WT191-138, anti-hDEC205-WT1223-273, and anti-hDEC205-WT1324-371 were tested for their T-cell stimulatory capacities. Mature monocyte-derived DCs loaded with anti-hDEC205-WT191-138 could induce ex vivo T-cell responses in 12 of 16 blood samples collected from either healthy or HSC transplanted individuals compared to included controls (P < 0.01). Furthermore, these T cells could kill WT1-overexpressing THP-1 leukemia cells in vitro after expansion. In conclusion, alongside proving the difficulty in expression and purification of intracellular WT1 as a vaccine protein, our results from this work introduce an alternative therapeutic vaccine approach to improve an anti-leukemia immune response in the context of allogeneic HSCT and potentially beyond. N2 - Für die Entwicklung eines immuntherapeutischen Ansatzes zur Behandlung von hoch Risikopatienten mit akuter myeloischer Leukämie (AML) und insbesondere zur Vorbeugung von Rezidiven nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation (SZT) stellt das Wilms-Tumor-Protein 1 (WT1) ein geeignetes Angriffsziel dar. Die rekombinante Expression von WT1, welches als Transkriptionsfaktor vom Zytosol in den Zellkern transloziert, gestaltet sich äußerst schwierig. WT1-spezifische T-Zellantworten werden daher hauptsächlich mittels Peptidvakzinierung oder Transfektion dendritischer Zellen (DC) mit mRNA, welche das vollständige WT1-Protein kodiert, herbeigeführt. Letzterer Ansatz bietet den Vorteil, dass passierenden T-Zellen eine größere Vielfalt an WT1-Peptidvarianten präsentiert werden kann. Eine verbesserte Peptidpräsentation kann außerdem über eine Optimierung der Rezeptor-vermittelten Endozytose der DCs erzielt werden. Ziel der folgenden Arbeit war es, ein rekombinantes DC-gerichtetes WT1-Vakzin zu entwickeln. Dazu wurden anti-hDEC205-WT1-Fusionsproteine, bestehend aus einem Antikörper gegen den humanen DEC205-Endozytoserezeptor und verschiedenen WT1-Fragmenten, konstruiert. Während sich Fusionsproteine, die das vollständige WT1-Protein oder große Teile dessen beinhalteten, aufgrund ihrer schlechten Löslichkeit und schwachen Sekretion kaum exprimieren und aufreinigen ließen, lieferte die Produktion der Fusionsproteine mit kürzeren WT1-Fragmenten, anti-hDEC205-WT110-35, anti-hDEC205-WT191-138, anti-hDEC205-WT1223-273 und anti-hDEC205-WT1324-371, sehr gute Ausbeuten. Da letztere drei Proteine die meisten bislang bekannten immunogenen WT1-Peptide in ihrer Sequenz enthalten, wurde anschließend ihre Fähigkeit zur T-Zellstimulation untersucht. Dabei konnte in 12 von 16 Blutproben, die entweder von gesunden Spendern oder SZT-Patienten stammten, gezeigt werden, dass mit anti-hDEC205-WT191-138 beladene, reife, aus Monozyten generierte DCs ex vivo signifikant stärkere T-Zellantworten auslösen als die jeweils mitgeführten Kontrollen (P < 0.01). Nach Expansion waren die so aktivierten WT1-spezifischen T-Zellen sogar in der Lage, die WT1-überexprimierende AML-Zelllinie THP-1 in vitro zu lysieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnten daher nicht nur die bereits bekannten Schwierigkeiten der WT1-Expression und Aufreinigung bestätigt werden, sondern darüber hinaus konnte eine alternative therapeutische Vakzinierungsmethode zur Optimierung der anti-leukämischen Immunantwort im Rahmen einer allogenen SZT entwickelt werden. KW - antileukemia vaccine KW - Wilms tumor protein 1 KW - anti-hDEC205-WT1 antibody fusion protein KW - dendritic cell-targeting KW - Akute myeloische Leukämie KW - Immuntherapie KW - Molekularbiologie Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149098 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czakai, Kristin A1 - Leonhardt, Ines A1 - Dix, Andreas A1 - Bonin, Michael A1 - Linde, Joerg A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Kurzai, Oliver A1 - Loeffler, Jürgen T1 - Krüppel-like Factor 4 modulates interleukin-6 release in human dendritic cells after in vitro stimulation with Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Invasive fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates and are mostly caused by the opportunistic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. Immune responses against these fungi are still not fully understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial players in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses against fungal infections. The immunomodulatory effects of fungi were compared to the bacterial stimulus LPS to determine key players in the immune response to fungal infections. A genome wide study of the gene regulation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) confronted with A. fumigatus, C. albicans or LPS was performed and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was identified as the only transcription factor that was down-regulated in DCs by both fungi but induced by stimulation with LPS. Downstream analysis demonstrated the influence of KLF4 on the interleukine-6 expression in human DCs. Furthermore, KLF4 regulation was shown to be dependent on pattern recognition receptor ligation. Therefore KLF4 was identified as a controlling element in the IL-6 immune response with a unique expression pattern comparing fungal and LPS stimulation. KW - gene regulation in immune cells KW - fungal host response KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - Candida albicans Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181185 VL - 6 ER - TY - THES A1 - Clemens, Simon Daniel T1 - Nevirapin- und Efavirenz-Serumkonzentrationen im Rahmen der antiretroviralen Therapie bei HIV-infizierten schwangeren Frauen in Südafrika T1 - Nevirapin- and Efavirenz serum concentrations as part of the antiretroviral therapy in pregnant women with HIV/AIDS in South Africa N2 - Hintergrund In Südafrika sind ca. 30 % aller schwangeren Frauen mit HIV infiziert. Physiologische Veränderungen in der Schwangerschaft alterieren die Metabolisierung der antiretroviralen Medikamente, was subtherapeutische oder toxische Serumspiegel zur Folge haben kann. Konsequenzen ergeben sich in Form einer Risikoerhöhung einer Mutter-Kind-Übertragung und Resistenzentwicklung einerseits sowie toxischer Wirkungen andererseits. Über die Pharmakokinetik antiretroviraler Substanzen bei Schwangeren ist bislang wenig bekannt. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden deshalb im Setting der routinemäßigen Patientenversorgung Nevirapin (NVP)- und Efavirenz (EFV)-Serumkonzentrationen bei antiretroviral behandelten Schwangeren gemessen. Methoden Die Untersuchungen erfolgten im Rahmen des DFG-geförderten Internationalen Graduiertenkollegs IRTG1522, einem Partnerprojekt der Universitäten Stellenbosch und Kapstadt/Südafrika und Würzburg, prospektiv im Tygerberg Academic Hospital in Kapstadt. Bei 108 HIV-infizierten Schwangeren, die mindestens seit 4 Wochen eine NVP- (n=52) oder EFV-Medikation (n=56) erhielten, wurden Serumproben entnommen. Die Messung der NVP- und EFV-Serumkonzentrationen erfolgte im TDM-Labor der Infektiologie am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg mittels einer etablierten Gaschromatographie bzw. Hochflüssigkeitschromatographie-Methode. Ergebnisse Nur 28 Proben (54%) der NVP-Konzentrationen lagen im therapeutischen Bereich (3.000 - 8.000 ng/ml) 36 Proben (64%) der EFV-Konzentrationen lagen im therapeutischen Bereich (1.000 - 4.000 ng/ml). Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter negativer Zusammenhang zwischen EFV-Konzentrationen und einem BMI >25. In den univariaten Regressionen der einzelnen Variablen gab es einen signifikanten negativen Zusammenhang zwischen NVP-Konzentrationen und der Anzahl an Schwangerschaftswochen sowie einen signifikant positiven Zusammenhang zwischen NVP-Konzentrationen bei einer Begleitmedikation mit Valproat. Es konnte ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen NVP-Konzentrationen <3.000 ng/ml und einem virologischen Versagen nachgewiesen werden. Bei EFV konnte dieser signifikante Zusammenhang zu Konzentrationen <1.000 ng/ml gefunden werden. Mittels Therapeutischem Drug Monitoring konnten 6 NVP- und 4 EFV-Serumspiegel detektiert werden, die eine unzureichende Medikamenteneinnahme der Patientinnen widerspiegelten. Bei einer Patientin fand eine vertikale Transmission statt. Mit dieser Untersuchung konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine große Anzahl an schwangeren Frauen Serumspiegel außerhalb des therapeutischen Bereiches aufwiesen. Die pharmakokinetischen Veränderungen im Laufe der Schwangerschaft waren am ehesten Ursache für subtherapeutische Serumspiegel. Weiterhin zeigten sich subtherapeutische Konzentrationen als Auslöser von virologischem Versagen. Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung legen nahe, dass ein Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring integraler Bestandteil der antiretroviralen Therapie von schwangeren Frauen im dritten Trimenon in Südafrika sein sollte. N2 - BACKGROUND: In South Africa 30% of all pregnant women are infected with HIV. Physiological changes during pregnancy alter the metabolism of antiretroviral drugs, which can lead to subtherapeutic serum levels. Consequences result in the form of a higher risk for a mother-child transmission. There is little known about the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral substances in pregnant women. In the present study, nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EFV) serum concentrations in antiretroviral treated pregnant women were measured in a routine clinical setting. METHOD: A prospective study was conducted in a routine clinical setting in Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa. A total of 108 random serum levels were analyzed. Serum concentrations were determined by an established gas and high-performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS: Of 108 HIV-infected pregnant women treated with NVP (n = 52) or EFV (n = 56), 44 (41%) showed serum levels outside the therapeutic range. High bodyweight, valproat co-treatment, and a higher number of gestational weeks were potential risk factors for inadequate drug exposure. Significant correlation between NVP concentrations <3,000 ng / ml and virological failure could be demonstrated. In the case of EFV, this significant relationship to concentrations <1,000 ng / ml could be found. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that therapeutic drug monitoring should be an integral part of the antiretroviral therapy of pregnant women in the third trimester in South Africa. KW - HIV KW - Schwangerschaft KW - TDM KW - Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring KW - Südafrika Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148755 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chopra, Martin A1 - Biehl, Marlene A1 - Steinfatt, Tim A1 - Brandl, Andreas A1 - Kums, Juliane A1 - Amich, Jorge A1 - Vaeth, Martin A1 - Kuen, Janina A1 - Holtappels, Rafaela A1 - Podlech, Jürgen A1 - Mottok, Anja A1 - Kraus, Sabrina A1 - Jordán-Garotte, Ana-Laura A1 - Bäuerlein, Carina A. A1 - Brede, Christian A1 - Ribechini, Eliana A1 - Fick, Andrea A1 - Seher, Axel A1 - Polz, Johannes A1 - Ottmueller, Katja J. A1 - Baker, Jeannette A1 - Nishikii, Hidekazu A1 - Ritz, Miriam A1 - Mattenheimer, Katharina A1 - Schwinn, Stefanie A1 - Winter, Thorsten A1 - Schäfer, Viktoria A1 - Krappmann, Sven A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Müller, Thomas D. A1 - Reddehase, Matthias J. A1 - Lutz, Manfred B. A1 - Männel, Daniela N. A1 - Berberich-Siebelt, Friederike A1 - Wajant, Harald A1 - Beilhack, Andreas T1 - Exogenous TNFR2 activation protects from acute GvHD via host T reg cell expansion JF - Journal of Experimental Medicine N2 - Donor CD4\(^+\)Foxp3\(^+\) regulatory T cells (T reg cells) suppress graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT allo-HCT]). Current clinical study protocols rely on the ex vivo expansion of donor T reg cells and their infusion in high numbers. In this study, we present a novel strategy for inhibiting GvHD that is based on the in vivo expansion of recipient T reg cells before allo-HCT, exploiting the crucial role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) in T reg cell biology. Expanding radiation-resistant host T reg cells in recipient mice using a mouse TNFR2-selective agonist before allo-HCT significantly prolonged survival and reduced GvHD severity in a TNFR2-and T reg cell-dependent manner. The beneficial effects of transplanted T cells against leukemia cells and infectious pathogens remained unaffected. A corresponding human TNFR2-specific agonist expanded human T reg cells in vitro. These observations indicate the potential of our strategy to protect allo-HCT patients from acute GvHD by expanding T reg cells via selective TNFR2 activation in vivo. KW - Tumor-necrosis-factor KW - Regulatory-cells KW - Bone marrow transplantantation KW - Graft-versus-leukemia KW - Rheumatoid arthritis KW - Autoimmune diseases KW - Factor receptor KW - Alpha therapy KW - Expression KW - Suppression Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187640 VL - 213 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chiorean, E. G. A1 - Von Hoff, D. D. A1 - Reni, M. A1 - Arena, F. P. A1 - Infante, J. R. A1 - Bathini, V. G. A1 - Wood, T. E. A1 - Mainwaring, P. N. A1 - Muldoon, R. T. A1 - Clingan, P. R. A1 - Kunzmann, V. A1 - Ramanathan, R. K. A1 - Tabernero, J. A1 - Goldstein, D. A1 - McGovern, D. A1 - Lu, B. A1 - Ko, A. T1 - CA19-9 decrease at 8 weeks as a predictor of overall survival in a randomized phase III trial (MPACT) of weekly nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine alone in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer JF - Annals of Oncology N2 - Background A phase I/II study and subsequent phase III study (MPACT) reported significant correlations between CA19-9 decreases and prolonged overall survival (OS) with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (nab-P + Gem) treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC). CA19-9 changes at week 8 and potential associations with efficacy were investigated as part of an exploratory analysis in the MPACT trial. Patients and methods Untreated patients with MPC (N = 861) received nab-P + Gem or Gem alone. CA19-9 was evaluated at baseline and every 8 weeks. Results Patients with baseline and week-8 CA19-9 measurements were analyzed (nab-P + Gem: 252; Gem: 202). In an analysis pooling the treatments, patients with any CA19-9 decline (80%) versus those without (20%) had improved OS (median 11.1 versus 8.0 months; P = 0.005). In the nab-P + Gem arm, patients with (n = 206) versus without (n = 46) any CA19-9 decrease at week 8 had a confirmed overall response rate (ORR) of 40% versus 13%, and a median OS of 13.2 versus 8.3 months (P = 0.001), respectively. In the Gem-alone arm, patients with (n = 159) versus without (n = 43) CA19-9 decrease at week 8 had a confirmed ORR of 15% versus 5%, and a median OS of 9.4 versus 7.1 months (P = 0.404), respectively. In the nab-P + Gem and Gem-alone arms, by week 8, 16% (40/252) and 6% (13/202) of patients, respectively, had an unconfirmed radiologic response (median OS 13.7 and 14.7 months, respectively), and 79% and 84% of patients, respectively, had stable disease (SD) (median OS 11.1 and 9 months, respectively). Patients with SD and any CA19-9 decrease (158/199 and 133/170) had a median OS of 13.2 and 9.4 months, respectively. Conclusion This analysis demonstrated that, in patients with MPC, any CA19-9 decrease at week 8 can be an early marker for chemotherapy efficacy, including in those patients with SD. CA19-9 decrease identified more patients with survival benefit than radiologic response by week 8. KW - CA19-9 KW - pancreatic cancer KW - chemotherapy KW - nab-paclitaxel KW - MPACT Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189659 VL - 27 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Beyerle, Dhyana T1 - Etablierung einer PCR-Methode zur Chimärismusdiagnostik T1 - Establishment of a PCR-method used for chimerism analysis N2 - Neben Infektionen und Graft-versus-Host-Reaktionen nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation, stellen das Rezidiv der Grunderkrankungen und die Transplantatabstoßung die schwerwiegendsten Probleme bei diesem Patientenklientel dar. Um jene frühzeitig zu erkennen, werden Chimärismusanalysen eingesetzt, mit deren Hilfe das Auftauchen kleinster Mengen an Empfängerknochenmarkszellen im peripheren Blut nachgewiesen werden können. Hierfür stehen verschiedene Möglichkeiten mit unterschiedlichen Sensitivitäten und Anwendungsbereichen zur Verfügung, wie die Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung (FISH), die Amplifikation von short tandem repeats (STR) mittels Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) und die allelspezifische quantitative Real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) mittels TaqMan, um die es in dieser Arbeit geht. Mit Hilfe von speziellen Zielsequenzen auf unterschiedlichen Allelen, die Alizadeh et al. 2002 veröffentlichten, kann in der qRT-PCR bereits eine von 1000 Zellen nachgewiesen werden und somit zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt ein mögliches Rezidiv oder eine Abstoßung erkannt werden. In dieser Arbeit wurden für die beschriebenen Allele und das SRY-Gen Standardreihen mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationsstufen erstellt, mit Hilfe derer man die Ergebnisse der PCR aus Patientenproben einordnen und den Chimärismus berechnen konnte. Eine zusätzliche Kalibrierung der Proben wurde mit Standardreihen vorbestimmter Konzentrationsstufen des Housekeeping-Gens HCK durchgeführt, das auch bei der Auswertung der Patientenproben zum Einsatz kam. Somit war es im Rahmen der Etablierung der PCR an der Uniklinik Würzburg möglich, in dieser Arbeit 395 Proben zu bestimmen, von denen 127 Proben von 26 Patienten ausgewertet und mit extern ermittelten STR-PCR-Ergebnissen verglichen werden konnten. Die hieraus gewonnenen Daten wurden mit den von Alizadehet al.[59] veröffentlichten Daten verglichen bezüglich der Anwendbarkeit der allelspezifischen PCR auf das Patientenkollektiv der Uniklinik Würzburg und der Auswertung ihrer Sensitivität sowie klinischen Verwendbarkeit. 50 Um die ermittelten Chimärismen in einen klinischen Zusammenhang zu stellen, erfolgte die Zuordnung zu vier Gruppen mit verschiedenen Prozentspannen, bei denen unterschiedliche Szenarien in der klinischen Bewertung durchgespielt wurden. Die Schwächen der etablierten PCR bestanden vor allem darin, dass 12,5% der Proben dieser Methode nicht zugänglich waren und angenommen werden muss, dass der Assay z.T. zu sensitiv war. Gerade in einem Bereich von > 5%igen Chimärismen stimmten die erhobenen Daten nicht mehr mit den Kontrollen überein, sondern gaben möglicherweise falsch hohe Chimärismen an. Fehlende prospektive Daten machten es nicht möglich, in der Arbeit unstimmige Werte durch Beobachtung des weiteren klinischen Verlaufs auf ihre Richtigkeit zu prüfen. Für die weitere Bewertung des Assays wäre es wichtig, dies in zukünftige Untersuchungen mit einzubeziehen. N2 - The most common complications after hematopoetic stemcell transplantation are replapse of the malignant disease, rejection of the transplant, infections and graft-versus-host-disease. Therefore the development and use of chimerism analysis is a major component of the management after stem cell transplantation to detect even smallest ammounts of recipient cells in the peripheral blood. There are different possibilities to detect the chimerism status. FISH (fluorescent-in-situ hybridisation), amplification of short tandem repeats by PCR (STR-PCR) or allele specific quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) with TaqMan can be used. In the presented thesis qRT-PCR was evaluated in a 80 patient cohort. Based on specific sequence polymorphisms in 11 different alleles, Alizadeh et al. published a RT-PCR-based assay in 2002, which is able to detect 1 of 1000 chimeric cells. According to this assay, an earlier detection of relapse or rejection seems possible than before. The published alleles from Alizadeh and the SRY-gene were used for developing different dilution series to calculate the chimerism status of patient blood samples. An additional calibration was realized by using dilution series of the housekeeping gene HCK, which was also necessary for the calculation of the chimerism value of the samples. In this thesis 395 samples from patients treated at the university hospital Würzburg, were tested and 127 samples from 26 patients were evaluated and compared with external data of STR-PCR. The sensitivity of the presented assay and its clinical use were compared to the assay and data published by Alizadeh et al. . Four groups of differentially ranges of chimerism were established to classify the results in the clinical context. 12,5 % of the samples were not analyzed because of identical alleles between donor and recipient. In addition, the samples with chimerism status greater than > 5 % weren’t able to compare with external data because the values were so different from the STR-PCR ones. KW - Polymerase-Kettenreaktion KW - Chimärismus KW - Stammzelltransplantation KW - Chimerism KW - stem cell transplantation KW - qRT-PCR KW - Real time quantitative PCR Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146759 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berges, Carsten A1 - Kerkau, Thomas A1 - Werner, Sandra A1 - Wolf, Nelli A1 - Winter, Nadine A1 - Hünig, Thomas A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Topp, Max S. A1 - Beyersdorf, Niklas T1 - Hsp90 inhibition ameliorates CD4\(^{+}\) T cell-mediated acute Graft versus Host disease in mice JF - Immunity, Inflammation and Disease N2 - Introduction: For many patients with leukemia only allogeneic bone marrow transplantion provides a chance of cure. Co‐transplanted mature donor T cells mediate the desired Graft versus Tumor (GvT) effect required to destroy residual leukemic cells. The donor T cells very often, however, also attack healthy tissue of the patient inducing acute Graft versus Host Disease (aGvHD)—a potentially life‐threatening complication. Methods: Therefore, we used the well established C57BL/6 into BALB/c mouse aGvHD model to evaluate whether pharmacological inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) would protect the mice from aGvHD. Results: Treatment of the BALB/c recipient mice from day 0 to +2 after allogeneic CD4\(^{+}\) T cell transplantation with the Hsp90 inhibitor 17‐(dimethylaminoethylamino)‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (DMAG) partially protected the mice from aGvHD. DMAG treatment was, however, insufficient to prolong overall survival of leukemia‐bearing mice after transplantation of allogeneic CD4\(^{+}\) and CD8\(^{+}\) T cells. Ex vivo analyses and in vitro experiments revealed that DMAG primarily inhibits conventional CD4\(^{+}\) T cells with a relative resistance of CD4\(^{+}\) regulatory and CD8\(^{+}\) T cells toward Hsp90 inhibition. Conclusions: Our data, thus, suggest that Hsp90 inhibition might constitute a novel approach to reduce aGvHD in patients without abrogating the desired GvT effect. KW - Hsp90 KW - leukemia KW - acute Graft versus Host Disease KW - Graft versus Tumor Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168318 VL - 4 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bankoglu, Ezgi Eyluel A1 - Tschopp, Oliver A1 - Schmitt, Johannes A1 - Burkard, Philipp A1 - Jahn, Daniel A1 - Geier, Andreas A1 - Stopper, Helga T1 - Role of PTEN in Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in the Liver of Whole-Body Pten Haplodeficient Mice JF - PLoS One N2 - Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity are frequently associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and with an elevated cancer incidence. The molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in this context are only partially understood. High blood insulin levels are typical in early T2DM and excessive insulin can cause elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and genomic instability. ROS are important for various cellular functions in signaling and host defense. However, elevated ROS formation is thought to be involved in cancer induction. In the molecular events from insulin receptor binding to genomic damage, some signaling steps have been identified, pointing at the PI3K/AKT pathway. For further elucidation Phosphatase and Tensin homolog (Pten), a tumour suppressor phosphatase that plays a role in insulin signaling by negative regulation of PI3K/AKT and its downstream targets, was investigated here. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining was used to detect ROS formation in immortalized human hepatocytes. Comet assay and micronucleus test were performed to investigate genomic damage in vitro. In liver samples, DHE staining and western blot detection of HSP70 and HO-1 were performed to evaluate oxidative stress response. DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) were detected by immunohistostaining. Inhibition of PTEN with the pharmacologic inhibitor VO-OHpic resulted in increased ROS production and genomic damage in a liver cell line. Knockdown of Pten in a mouse model yielded increased oxidative stress levels, detected by ROS levels and expression of the two stress-proteins HSP70 and HO-1 and elevated genomic damage in the liver, which was significant in mice fed with a high fat diet. We conclude that PTEN is involved in oxidative stress and genomic damage induction in vitro and that this may also explain the in vivo observations. This further supports the hypothesis that the PI3K/AKT pathway is responsible for damaging effects of high levels of insulin. KW - insulin KW - mouse models DNA damage KW - oxidative stress KW - mammalian genomics KW - fatty liver KW - micronuclei KW - insulin signaling Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146970 VL - 11 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Banales, Jesus M. A1 - Cardinale, Vincenzo A1 - Carpino, Guido A1 - Marzioni, Marco A1 - Andersen, Jesper B. A1 - Invernizzi, Pietro A1 - Lind, Guro E. A1 - Folseraas, Trine A1 - Forbes, Stuart J. A1 - Fouassier, Laura A1 - Geier, Andreas A1 - Calvisi, Diego F. A1 - Mertens, Joachim C. A1 - Trauner, Michael A1 - Benedetti, Antonio A1 - Maroni, Luca A1 - Vaquero, Javier A1 - Macias, Rocio I. R. A1 - Raggi, Chiara A1 - Perugorria, Maria J. A1 - Gaudio, Eugenio A1 - Boberg, Kirsten M. A1 - Marin, Jose J. G. A1 - Alvaro, Domenico T1 - Cholangiocarcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives consensus statement from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS-CCA) JF - Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology N2 - Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with features of biliary tract differentiation. CCA is the second most common primary liver tumour and the incidence is increasing worldwide. CCA has high mortality owing to its aggressiveness, late diagnosis and refractory nature. In May 2015, the "European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma" (ENS-CCA: www.enscca.org or www.cholangiocarcinoma.eu) was created to promote and boost international research collaboration on the study of CCA at basic, translational and clinical level. In this Consensus Statement, we aim to provide valuable information on classifications, pathological features, risk factors, cells of origin, genetic and epigenetic modifications and current therapies available for this cancer. Moreover, future directions on basic and clinical investigations and plans for the ENS-CCA are highlighted. KW - primary sclerosing cholangitis KW - growth-factor-receptor KW - biliary-tract cancer KW - epithelial-mesenchymal transition KW - fine-needle-aspiration KW - human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma KW - induce cyclooxygenase-2 expression KW - human cholangiocellular carcinoma KW - nucleoside transporter KW - hepatic stellate cells Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189077 VL - 13 IS - 5 ER -