TY - THES A1 - Gentzsch, Christian T1 - Molecular Imaging of Opioid Receptors and Butyrylcholinesterase with Selective, Tailored Probes Using Positron Emission Tomography and Fluorescence Microscopy T1 - Molekulare Bildgebung von Opioidrezeptoren und Butyrylcholinesterase mit selektiven, maßgeschneiderten Verbindungen durch Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie und Fluoreszenzmikroskopie N2 - The present thesis concerns the molecular imaging of opioid receptors and human butyrylcholinesterase with the aid of tailored probes, which are suitable for the respective applied imaging techniques. The first part focusses on imaging of opioid receptors with selective probes using total internal reflection- and single molecule fluorescence microscopy. Design and synthesis of the ligands are presented and their pharmacological characterization and application in microscopy experiments are shown. The second part of this thesis focused on the development of 18F-labeled, selective radiotracers for imaging of butyrylcholinesterase via positron emission tomography. The design and synthesis of each a reversible and pseudoirreversible 18F-labeled tracer are presented. After evaluation of the binding properties of each tracer, their initial application in ex vivo autoradiography- and preliminary in vivo microPET studies is described and analyzed. N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der molekularen Bildgebung von Opioidrezeptoren und der humanen Butyrylcholinesterase mithilfe von maßgeschneiderten Verbindungen, die jeweils optimal geeignet für die angewendeten Bildgebungstechniken sind. Der erste Teil behandelt die Bildgebung von Opioidrezeptoren durch selektive Liganden mittels interner Totalreflexionsfluoreszenzmikroskopie- und Einzelmolekül-Mikroskopie. Design und Synthese der Liganden werden beschrieben und ihre pharmakologische Charakterisierung und Anwendung in Mikroskopieexperimenten werden gezeigt. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung von 18F-markierten, selektiven Radiotracern für die Bildgebung der Butyrylcholinesterase mittels Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie. Das Design und die Synthese jeweils eines reversiblen und pseudo-irreversiblen, 18F-markierten Tracers werden beschrieben. Nach der Bewertung der Bindungseigenschaften beider Tracer am Enzym, wird ihre erste Anwendung in ex vivo Autoradiographie- und vorläufigen in vivo microPET Studien beschrieben und ausgewertet. KW - Fluoreszenzmikroskopie KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - Opiatrezeptor KW - Dimerisierung KW - Enzyminhibitor KW - Fluoreszenzliganden KW - Biodistribution KW - Autoradiographie Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-247529 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gentzsch, Christian A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Spatz, Philipp A1 - Košak, Urban A1 - Knez, Damijan A1 - Nose, Naoko A1 - Gobec, Stanislav A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Decker, Michael T1 - Synthesis and Initial Characterization of a Reversible, Selective \(^{18}\)F-Labeled Radiotracer for Human Butyrylcholinesterase JF - Molecular Imaging and Biology N2 - Purpose A neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the brain, which are observed in a significant number of cognitively normal, older adults as well. In AD, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) becomes associated with A\(_{β}\) aggregates, making it a promising target for imaging probes to support diagnosis of AD. In this study, we present the synthesis, radiochemistry, in vitro and preliminary ex and in vivo investigations of a selective, reversible BChE inhibitor as PET-tracer for evaluation as an AD diagnostic. Procedures Radiolabeling of the inhibitor was achieved by fluorination of a respective tosylated precursor using K[\(^{18}\)F]. IC\(_{50}\) values of the fluorinated compound were obtained in a colorimetric assay using recombinant, human (h) BChE. Dissociation constants were determined by measuring hBChE activity in the presence of different concentrations of inhibitor. Results Radiofluorination of the tosylate precursor gave the desired radiotracer in an average radiochemical yield of 20 ± 3 %. Identity and > 95.5 % radiochemical purity were confirmed by HPLC and TLC autoradiography. The inhibitory potency determined in Ellman's assay gave an IC\(_{50}\) value of 118.3 ± 19.6 nM. Dissociation constants measured in kinetic experiments revealed lower affinity of the inhibitor for binding to the acylated enzyme (K2 = 68.0 nM) in comparison to the free enzyme (K\(_{1}\) = 32.9 nM). Conclusions The reversibly acting, selective radiotracer is synthetically easily accessible and retains promising activity and binding potential on hBChE. Radiosynthesis with \(^{18}\)F labeling of tosylates was feasible in a reasonable time frame and good radiochemical yield. KW - Alzheimer’s disease KW - amyloid-β (Aβ) KW - butyrylcholinesterase Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-269870 SN - 1860-2002 VL - 23 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gentzsch, Christian A1 - Hoffmann, Matthias A1 - Ohshima, Yasuhiro A1 - Nose, Naoko A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Decker, Michael T1 - Synthesis and Initial Characterization of a Selective, Pseudo‐irreversible Inhibitor of Human Butyrylcholinesterase as PET Tracer JF - ChemMedChem N2 - The enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) represents a promising target for imaging probes to potentially enable early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to monitor disease progression in some forms of cancer. In this study, we present the design, facile synthesis, in vitro and preliminary ex vivo and in vivo evaluation of a morpholine‐based, selective inhibitor of human BChE as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer with a pseudo‐irreversible binding mode. We demonstrate a novel protecting group strategy for 18F radiolabeling of carbamate precursors and show that the inhibitory potency as well as kinetic properties of our unlabeled reference compound were retained in comparison to the parent compound. In particular, the prolonged duration of enzyme inhibition of such a morpholinocarbamate motivated us to design a PET tracer, possibly enabling a precise mapping of BChE distribution. KW - carbamate KW - enzyme kinetics KW - fluorine-18 KW - positron emission tomography KW - radiotracers Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239904 VL - 16 IS - 9 SP - 1427 EP - 1437 ER -